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Article(id=1241038861359435826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, issueId=1241038854333985467, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.01.012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1677513600000, receivedDateStr=2023-02-28, revisedDate=1696521600000, revisedDateStr=2023-10-06, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773816321934, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1736870400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773816321934, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773816321934, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773816321934, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241038854333985467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, year='2025', volume='47', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='154', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773816320260, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773819065926, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241050370550591873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, issueId=1241038854333985467, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241050370554786178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, issueId=1241038854333985467, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=107, endPage=112, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241038861766283327, articleId=1241038861359435826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, language=EN, title=Research on unbalancing force approach of the geotechnical centrifuge based on pretension measurement of bolts, columnId=1228282192162390694, journalTitle=Journal of Mechanical Strength, columnName=Experimental Research·Testing Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

An online measurement method of a dynamic unbalance force of the geotechnical centrifuge was carried out based on monitoring the change of the axial preload of anchor bolts. Firstly, the change model of the axial preload of the anchor bolt under different unbalanced force states was deduced theoretically, which proved the feasibility of indirectly measuring the unbalanced force of the centrifuge. Then, the typical testing case was carried out on the TLJ-500 centrifuge, and the law of the dynamic unbalance moment changing with the counterweight was obtained. By fitting the change of the axial force at the measuring point, the relation between the axial force at the measuring point and the unbalance mass and the running gravitational acceleration g value of the centrifuge was established. Finally, the relation between the change of the axial preload of anchor bolts, acceleration of the centrifuge and counterweight mass were obtained by measuring the preload change of one anchor bolt and fitting the response surface. The results show that it is feasible to obtain the unbalanced force of the centrifuge operation by monitoring the change of anchor bolts’ pre-tightening force，and the centroids of different counterweights should be kept consistent in the test. When calculating the counterweight mass to balance the rotating arm according to the fitting formula, a larger acceleration should be used as far as possible to reduce the error caused by the centrifuge not being leveled.

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NIU Hongpan, E-mail：
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研究了一种基于监测地脚螺栓轴向预紧力变化的土工离心机动态不平衡力在线测量方法。首先，通过理论推导了不同的不平衡力状态下，地脚螺栓的轴向预紧力变化模型，证明了间接测试离心机不平衡力的可行性。其次，在TLJ-500型离心机上开展试验，获得了动态不平衡力矩随配重变化的规律，并对测点轴向力变化进行拟合，建立了测点轴向力与不平衡质量及离心机运行重力加速度g值的关系。最后，对一个地脚螺栓的预紧力变化进行测量，通过响应面拟合可建立地脚螺栓轴向预紧力的变化与离心机运行加速度和配重质量的关联。研究表明，通过监测地脚螺栓预紧力变化获得的离心机运行不平衡力的方法具有一定可行性，试验中应保持不同配重的质心一致；根据拟合式计算使转臂平衡的配重质量时，应尽量采用较大的加速度以降低离心机未甩平带来的误差。

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牛红攀，男，1981年生，河北石家庄人，博士，高级工程师；主要研究方向为复杂结构力学仿真；E-mail：。
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陈红永，男，1986年生，陕西宝鸡人，博士，副研究员；主要研究方向为主要复杂结构动力学及流固耦合力学；E-mail：。

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陈红永，男，1986年生，陕西宝鸡人，博士，副研究员；主要研究方向为主要复杂结构动力学及流固耦合力学；E-mail：。

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陈红永，男，1986年生，陕西宝鸡人，博士，副研究员；主要研究方向为主要复杂结构动力学及流固耦合力学；E-mail：。

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Beijing：National Defense Industry Press，2013：185.（In Chinese）, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241038874441470328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038861359435826, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241038874445664633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038861359435826, companyId=1241038874441470328, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Institute of Systems Engineering, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241038874454053242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038861359435826, companyId=1241038874441470328, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国工程物理研究院 总体工程研究所，绵阳　621999)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241038874655379840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038861359435826, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241038874663768450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038861359435826, companyId=1241038874655379840, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Sichuan Key Laboratory of Impact and Vibration of Engineering Materials and Structures, Mianyang 621999, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241038874667962755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038861359435826, companyId=1241038874655379840, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.工程材料与结构冲击振动四川省重点实验室，绵阳　621999)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241038879592075818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038861359435826, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Simplified model of 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journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038861359435826, language=CN, label=图4, caption=各测点轴向力随不平衡力矩的变化, figureFileSmall=glQq5o9t9SRtzJpKYKoJxQ==, figureFileBig=+ouCKTPhrIPg+NF6fmAMlw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241038881806668379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038861359435826, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Variation of the axial force of measurement points with the balance weight mass and the acceleration of the centrifuge, figureFileSmall=DmMcXIZy56DlqsnrGBkUaw==, figureFileBig=BktTcq98xuzWzZOQdsIDLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241038881903137374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038861359435826, language=CN, label=图5, caption=测点轴向力随离心机配重及加速度的变化, figureFileSmall=DmMcXIZy56DlqsnrGBkUaw==, figureFileBig=BktTcq98xuzWzZOQdsIDLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241038882150601317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, 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label=图7, caption=初始平衡配重质量随离心机加速度变化, figureFileSmall=a7oFugvwhwVMzQhULn8B7g==, figureFileBig=U5AuVOYxVsS7WWHoeyadDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241038882729415281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038861359435826, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Fitted coefficient of each measurement point

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测点
Measurement point		k1/Nk2/kgk3/(m/s2)k4
1154.8-2.900.0780.007 3
238.36-3.590.670.008 9
3291-4.29-0.100.011
4308.2-11.060.810.027
), ArticleFig(id=1241038882901381752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038861359435826, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各测点的拟合系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测点
Measurement point		k1/Nk2/kgk3/(m/s2)k4
1154.8-2.900.0780.007 3
238.36-3.590.670.008 9
3291-4.29-0.100.011
4308.2-11.060.810.027
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基于螺栓预紧力监测土工离心机不平衡力的方法研究
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陈红永 1, 2 , 牛红攀 1, 2 , 黎启胜 1 , 杨玉明 1, 2 , 宋琼 1 , 李心耀 1
机械强度 | 实验研究·测试技术 2025,47(1): 107-112
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机械强度 | 实验研究·测试技术 2025, 47(1): 107-112
基于螺栓预紧力监测土工离心机不平衡力的方法研究
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陈红永1, 2 , 牛红攀1, 2 , 黎启胜1, 杨玉明1, 2, 宋琼1, 李心耀1
作者信息
  • 1.中国工程物理研究院 总体工程研究所，绵阳　621999
  • 2.工程材料与结构冲击振动四川省重点实验室，绵阳　621999

    • 陈红永，男，1986年生，陕西宝鸡人，博士，副研究员；主要研究方向为主要复杂结构动力学及流固耦合力学；E-mail：。

通讯作者:

牛红攀，男，1981年生，河北石家庄人，博士，高级工程师；主要研究方向为复杂结构力学仿真；E-mail：。
Research on unbalancing force approach of the geotechnical centrifuge based on pretension measurement of bolts
Hongyong CHEN1, 2 , Hongpan NIU1, 2 , Qisheng LI1, Yuming YANG1, 2, Qiong SONG1, Xinyao LI1
Affiliations
  • 1.Institute of Systems Engineering, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, China
  • 2.Sichuan Key Laboratory of Impact and Vibration of Engineering Materials and Structures, Mianyang 621999, China
出版时间: 2025-01-15 doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.01.012
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摘要
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研究了一种基于监测地脚螺栓轴向预紧力变化的土工离心机动态不平衡力在线测量方法。首先，通过理论推导了不同的不平衡力状态下，地脚螺栓的轴向预紧力变化模型，证明了间接测试离心机不平衡力的可行性。其次，在TLJ-500型离心机上开展试验，获得了动态不平衡力矩随配重变化的规律，并对测点轴向力变化进行拟合，建立了测点轴向力与不平衡质量及离心机运行重力加速度g值的关系。最后，对一个地脚螺栓的预紧力变化进行测量，通过响应面拟合可建立地脚螺栓轴向预紧力的变化与离心机运行加速度和配重质量的关联。研究表明，通过监测地脚螺栓预紧力变化获得的离心机运行不平衡力的方法具有一定可行性，试验中应保持不同配重的质心一致；根据拟合式计算使转臂平衡的配重质量时，应尽量采用较大的加速度以降低离心机未甩平带来的误差。

地脚螺栓  /  轴向预紧力  /  土工离心机  /  不平衡力  /  拟合模型

An online measurement method of a dynamic unbalance force of the geotechnical centrifuge was carried out based on monitoring the change of the axial preload of anchor bolts. Firstly, the change model of the axial preload of the anchor bolt under different unbalanced force states was deduced theoretically, which proved the feasibility of indirectly measuring the unbalanced force of the centrifuge. Then, the typical testing case was carried out on the TLJ-500 centrifuge, and the law of the dynamic unbalance moment changing with the counterweight was obtained. By fitting the change of the axial force at the measuring point, the relation between the axial force at the measuring point and the unbalance mass and the running gravitational acceleration g value of the centrifuge was established. Finally, the relation between the change of the axial preload of anchor bolts, acceleration of the centrifuge and counterweight mass were obtained by measuring the preload change of one anchor bolt and fitting the response surface. The results show that it is feasible to obtain the unbalanced force of the centrifuge operation by monitoring the change of anchor bolts’ pre-tightening force，and the centroids of different counterweights should be kept consistent in the test. When calculating the counterweight mass to balance the rotating arm according to the fitting formula, a larger acceleration should be used as far as possible to reduce the error caused by the centrifuge not being leveled.

Anchor bolt  /  Axial pretension force  /  Geotechnical centrifuge  /  Unbalancing force  /  Fitted model
陈红永, 牛红攀, 黎启胜, 杨玉明, 宋琼, 李心耀. 基于螺栓预紧力监测土工离心机不平衡力的方法研究. 机械强度, 2025 , 47 (1) : 107 -112 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.01.012
Hongyong CHEN, Hongpan NIU, Qisheng LI, Yuming YANG, Qiong SONG, Xinyao LI. Research on unbalancing force approach of the geotechnical centrifuge based on pretension measurement of bolts[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength, 2025 , 47 (1) : 107 -112 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.01.012
正文
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0　引言
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在离心机运转过程中，结构的装配间隙和结构的柔性，以及实验过程中模型破碎产生的质心变化等，可能导致结构旋转部分的质心偏离回转中心而产生动态不平衡力[1-5]。动态不平衡力会影响离心机的运转平稳性，以及离心机主轴、轴套等的偏磨损，严重时也可能造成离心机基座的侧移甚至倾覆。因此，在离心机设计和试验时，应将运行过程中的动态不平衡力控制在一定范围内，以保证离心机的安全性及运转平稳性。为有效地控制动态不平衡力，动态不平衡力的实时监测是离心机运行安全系统的重要组成部分[6-9]。
大型土工离心机动态不平衡力的测量方法通常采用直接测量法[10-12]。该方法是在离心机转臂上安装力传感器，通过力传感器的信号变化来测量动态不平衡力的大小。这种方法会受到转臂与转臂支撑之间摩擦力的影响，造成不平衡测量的误差。李心耀等[13]根据静平衡原理，采用4个摇杆测力传感器设计了静平衡配平系统。刘显军等[14]设计了由水箱和测力传感器等组成的新型自平衡调节系统。李顺利等[15-17]针对精密离心机，采用自动控制动平衡执行机构实现了高精度自动化平衡。杨亚非等[18]针对盘式离心机，给出了静不平衡量的测试方法和计算式、配平原则和方法。此外，还可以采用在离心机基础处测量支撑部件应变的方法反推不平衡力的大小[19]，但此类方法会弱化基础连接刚度，对离心机安全运行带来新的问题。
综上所述，采用直接测量的方法对离心机运行中的动态不平衡力进行测量，系统复杂度较高，且易对离心机局部连接刚度产生弱化，因此需采用间接测量离心机运行不平衡力的方法，在不平衡力直接测试系统失效时，需保证离心机安全运行监测系统的冗余度，且保障监测系统的有效性。
文中针对大型土工离心机，研究了基于地脚螺栓预紧力测量动态不平衡力变化的方法。先通过理论推导证明测试技术的可行性，再结合离心机动态运行试验，测量了螺栓预紧轴向力变化峰值与不平衡质量及运行重力加速度g值的关系，建立了基于响应面拟合获得静态不平衡质量的方法，拓展了间接测量离心机运行不平衡力的技术。
1　基于地脚螺栓测量不平衡力的受力模型
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大型转臂式土工离心机简化模型如图1所示。图1中，ω为离心机轴旋转速度；Fx、Fy分别为径向不平衡力和天地向不平衡力；n为地脚螺栓数目；R为地脚螺栓到主轴中心距离；h为基座底面到转臂中点的高度；r为转臂有效半径；m为不平衡质量；Fx1、Fy1分别为左半边基座上地脚螺栓所受x和y向合力；Fx2、Fy2分别为右半边基座上地脚螺栓所受x和y向合力。
本文将分别针对径向和天地向不平衡力的状态推导地脚螺栓受力情况。
1.1　径向不平衡力
对于离心机，由不平衡质量产生的径向不平衡力Fx的计算式为
式中，e为不平衡质量的偏心距。如图2所示，对于圆周左半圈上受到分布力（f单个螺栓上所受不平衡力作用下的支反力）作用下，其合力为nf/2，相对于合力矩，其中a为合力Fy1的矩长度，根据圆周线积分易得
根据力平衡及力矩平衡方程：
又根据切向力的相等关系，可得
对于圆周分布的螺栓在弯矩作用下，单个螺栓最大力为平均力的2倍，可得单个螺栓上所受最大力为
以典型径向不平衡力Fx为294 000 N的离心机为例，假设其参数：R=3 m、n=24、h=5.5 m，代入式（6）可得Fxmax=6 125 N、Fymax=67 375 N。若地脚螺栓为3.6级M48×24螺栓，则按照0.5倍屈服强度预紧之后，螺栓内部的应力约为90 MPa，而不平衡力产生的螺栓内部应力Rm=Fymax/A=44.3 MPa，因横向不会发生松动故不考虑地脚螺栓切向受力。若采用0.5倍强度系数预紧，则3.6级螺栓在径向不平衡力作用下的预应力变化约为50%；而采用5.6级螺栓，则预紧力变化约为30%。
1.2　天地向不平衡力
离心机在运行过程中，也易受到机室流场作用下产生的天地向载荷作用，可等效为天地向不平衡力Fy。根据力平衡及力矩平衡方程：
可得
同径向不平衡力状态，单个螺栓上所受最大力为
假设离心机天地向不平衡力Fy为294 000 N，其参数R=3 m、r=7 m、n=24，h=5.5 m，代入式（11）可得Fymax=110 250 N；若地脚螺栓为3.6级M48×24螺栓，则按照0.5倍屈服强度预紧之后，不平衡力产生的螺栓内部应力Rm=Fymax/A=72.5 MPa。若采用0.5倍强度系数预紧，则3.6级螺栓在径向不平衡力作用下的预应力变化约为81%；而采用5.6级螺栓，则预紧力变化约为48%。
根据以上分析可以看出，离心机动态运行时，理想状态下地脚螺栓轴向预紧力的波动可能会达到30%~80%。因此，初步估计可根据地脚螺栓轴向预紧力波动测量动态不平衡力。
2　TLJ-500型离心机不平衡力测试试验
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2.1　不平衡力测试试验
为验证地脚螺栓预紧力测试技术的可行性，在TLJ-500型土工离心机上开展试验。离心机主体结构如图3（a）所示，转臂系统为单吊篮结构，试验端装配吊篮，另一端为配重端，根据吊篮端不同的负载配置不同的配重块，以配平离心机转臂系统。传动系统基座通过12个地脚螺栓与地基相连，周向均布在基座上。
采用力传感器测试预紧力变化，工况设计为不同不平衡质量、不同离心机运行重力加速度g值下直到运行稳定后，测试离心机每转一圈地脚螺栓轴向预紧力的上下波动半峰值。试验中布置了4个测力传感器，分别安装在图3（b）所示的4个地脚螺栓处（基座上面）。其中，1、2号测点位于180°对称位置上，3号测点位于机室门对应的位置，4号测点与1号测点成60°。由图3可看出，螺栓的轴向力和预紧力与图1中Y向对应。
采用在吊篮施加不同配重的方式改变离心机运行时的不平衡力矩，与静载状态下不平衡力相减，得到吊篮配重引起的测点压力峰值随配重和不平衡力矩变化的关系，如图4所示。结果表明，各测点压力随吊篮配重及不平衡力矩成线性变化；各测点因处于基座上不同位置，螺栓轴向力变化受与连接件的界面接触状态影响较大。由此会导致虽然理论上可以直接通过测试螺栓预紧力波动反推获得，但试验获得的各测点压力变化斜率不同，测试结果并非完全理想，因此需要进一步发展不平衡力辨识模型。
2.2　不平衡力辨识模型
TLJ-500型离心机自带直接测量不平衡力的传感器，通过转臂支撑上的测力传感器实现。由于摩擦等因素直接测力可能会有误差，通过地脚螺栓轴向预紧力变化进行间接测试，分析不平衡力矩与地脚螺栓各测点压力变化的关系。动态测试结果表明，动态试验前离心机转臂存在初始偏心，其质心位于吊篮端。假设转臂的初始质量为m0，偏心距为e0，在配重作用下转臂总的不平衡力矩为
式中，M为基座受到的总翻转力矩；e为配重到转轴中心的距离；r为离心机有效半径（r=4.5 m）；L为转臂到基座连接面的距离（L=2.552 m）。
式（12）中等式右端第1项是初始不平衡产生的重力矩，为常数项；第2项为初始不平衡产生的离心力矩，仅与加速度有关；第3项为配重产生的重力矩，与配重有关而与加速度无关；第4项为配重质量产生的离心力矩，与配重质量和加速度均有关。因此，不平衡力矩是配重、加速度、配重与加速度乘积的函数。同一配重下，不平衡力矩随加速度线性变化。同一加速度下，不平衡力矩随配重质量m线性变化；转臂初始不平衡产生的离心力随着配重质量m的增加，其影响减小。采用响应面法对各测点压力随配重质量和加速度的变化关系进行分析。分析各测点传感器压力随配重质量和加速度变化的试验结果，以测点1和测点4的数据为例，结果如图5所示。
测点1和测点4的结果表明，测点上地脚螺栓轴向预紧力变化幅值与离心机加速度和配重质量成线性关系。
结合式（12），对图5进行拟合，设地脚螺栓轴向预紧力变化幅值Fd为
式中，k1、k2、k3、k4为各项系数。
根据式（13）得到的拟合曲面如图6所示，各测点的拟合系数如表1所示。其中，系数k1、k2与离心机初始质量m0及其偏心距e0的乘积有关；k3、k4与配重施加的位置距e有关，配重施加位置不同，则系数k3、k4不同。将式（13）中加速度取为0，得到的Fd与静态测试结果不一致，这是因为配重施加的位置不同，静态试验中配重施加在吊篮上，而动态试验中配重施加在配重端配重槽内。由式（13）得到，配重质量m的计算式为
当Fd=0时，得到与转臂初始不平衡力相平衡的配重质量，称为。根据式（14），求得各测点在不同加速度下的随加速度变化的曲线，如图7所示。
结果表明，10g和20g（g=9.8 m/s2）状态下求得的比较小，测点不同，差别也较大。随着加速度的增加，增加，且逐渐趋于平缓，各测点的值也更接近。100g下求得的比60g下求得的大5.4%；加速度为60g时，各测点的相差4.7%；加速度为100g时，各测点的仅相差3.3%。上述分析结果表明：
1）加速度较小时，转臂吊篮还没有甩平，计算得到的误差较大；加速度越大，吊篮越接近水平，的误差越小，各测点的越接近，表明上述拟合方法的正确性。
2）加速度为100g时，与初始不平衡力相平衡的配重质量为370.7~382.9 kg，与转臂支撑处测得的不平衡力结果387 kg配重时转臂近似于平衡状态相符。
3）各测点得到的地脚螺栓传感器压力变化规律一致表明：采用测试地脚螺栓预紧力变化来测转臂不平衡力的方法是可行的。采用式（14）求与初始不平衡力相平衡的配重质量时，应选择较大的加速度值。
3　结论
收起
研究表明，采用测试地脚螺栓预紧力变化来测转臂不平衡力的方法具有一定工程可行性，通过理论模型及试验分析，获得以下结论：
1）离心机受径向不平衡力作用时，根据螺栓等级、预紧力大小、螺栓数目、离心机转臂长度、转臂离地面高度等参数不同，其地脚螺栓处轴向力变化可能会达到50%；离心机受天地向不平衡力作用时，地脚螺栓处轴向力变化可能会达到80%。
2）对离心机基座其中一个地脚螺栓的预紧力变化进行测量可反推获得动态不平衡力。对转臂施加不同的配重，开展不同加速度下的离心试验，测量地脚螺栓预紧力的变化，再进行响应面拟合，可得地脚螺栓预紧力的变化与加速度和配重质量的关系。
3）试验中应保持不同配重的质心一致；根据拟合式计算使转臂平衡的配重质量时，应尽量采用较大的加速度来计算，以降低离心机未甩平带来的误差。
4）采用地脚螺栓监测不平衡力方法还需要进一步降低离心机振动导致的信号干扰等，采用合适的标定方法以提升测试的精度。
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2025年第47卷第1期
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doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.01.012
  • 接收时间：2023-02-28
  • 首发时间：2026-03-18
  • 出版时间：2025-01-15
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  • 收稿日期：2023-02-28
  • 修回日期：2023-10-06
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    1.中国工程物理研究院 总体工程研究所，绵阳　621999
    2.工程材料与结构冲击振动四川省重点实验室，绵阳　621999

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牛红攀，男，1981年生，河北石家庄人，博士，高级工程师；主要研究方向为复杂结构力学仿真；E-mail：。
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