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A two-degree-of-freedom collision system with gap and elastic constraint was used as the research object, and the regional distribution and transitions of the periodic motion of the system under low frequency conditions were studied by numerical simulation. It was obtained that with the decrease of excitation frequency, the p/1 periodic motion occurs with grazing bifurcation transitions to(p+1)/1 periodic motion. When the number of collisions was large enough, the Chatteringimpact characteristics were presented. Then a circuit model that was completely equivalent to the collision system was established and simulation experiments were carried out. The results show that the results generated by establishing the equivalent circuit are consistent with those generated by numerical simulations, and the equivalent circuit is more efficient in simulation experiments, which can realize fast modal transitions and parameter adjustments,making it more convenient and providing a research method for the study of nonlinear dynamics.

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ZHU Xifeng, E-mail:
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以一类两自由度含间隙及弹性约束碰撞系统为研究对象,通过数值仿真方法,研究了系统在低频工况下周期运动的区域分布及转迁规律,得出随着激振频率的减小,p/1周期运动发生擦边分岔转迁为(p+1)/1周期运动,当碰撞次数足够大时,系统呈现Chattering-impact特性。随后建立与碰撞系统完全等效的电路模型并进行仿真实验。研究结果表明,建立等效电路产生的结果与数值仿真产生的结果相一致,且等效电路在仿真实验时运算速度更高效,能够实现快速的模态转换及参数调节,使之更加便捷,为非线性动力学的研究提供了一种研究方法。

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朱喜锋,男,1980年生,河南虞城人,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师;主要研究方向为非线性系统动力学;E-mail:

付文斌,男,1995年生,甘肃兰州人,硕士研究生;主要研究方向为非线性系统动力学;E-mail:

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Automation and Instrumentation201833(9):71-75.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Simulink simulation of symmetric gap single-degree-of-freedom vibration system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241038898252542513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038857114809037, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=44, issue=1, pageStart=53, pageEnd=58, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=38, authorNames=刘瑞家, 汪诤, 罗帆, journalName=机械强度, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘瑞家,汪诤,罗帆.含间隙二自由度碰撞振动系统等效电路仿真[J]. 机械强度202244(1):53-58., articleTitle=含间隙二自由度碰撞振动系统等效电路仿真, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241038898349011505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038857114809037, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=44, issue=1, pageStart=53, pageEnd=58, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=39, authorNames=LIU Ruijia, WANG Zheng, LUO Fan, journalName=Journal of Mechanical Strength, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU RuijiaWANG ZhengLUO Fan. Equivalent circuit simulation of two-degree-of-freedom collision vibration system with gap[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength202244(1):53-58.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Equivalent circuit simulation of two-degree-of-freedom collision vibration system with gap, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241038898609058357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038857114809037, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=85, issue=1, pageStart=23, pageEnd=45, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=40, authorNames=LUO T Q, WANG Z, journalName=Nonlinear Dynamics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LUO T QWANG Z. Dynamics and SC-CNN circuit implementation of a periodically forced non-smooth mechanical system[J]. 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两自由度含间隙弹性碰撞振动系统的等效电路仿真
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朱喜锋 1, 2 , 付文斌 1 , 马硕 1 , 郑冬 1
机械强度 | 振动·噪声·监测·诊断 2025,47(1): 31-41
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机械强度 | 振动·噪声·监测·诊断 2025, 47(1): 31-41
两自由度含间隙弹性碰撞振动系统的等效电路仿真
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朱喜锋1, 2 , 付文斌1 , 马硕1, 郑冬1
作者信息
  • 1.兰州交通大学 机电工程学院,兰州 730070
  • 2.甘肃省轨道交通装备系统动力学与可靠性重点实验室,兰州 730070
  • 朱喜锋,男,1980年生,河南虞城人,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师;主要研究方向为非线性系统动力学;E-mail:

    付文斌,男,1995年生,甘肃兰州人,硕士研究生;主要研究方向为非线性系统动力学;E-mail:

Equivalent circuit simulation of a two-degree-of-freedom elastic collision vibration system with gaps
Xifeng ZHU1, 2 , Wenbin FU1 , Shuo MA1, Dong ZHENG1
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Mechanical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
  • 2.Key Laboratory of System Dynamics and Reliability of Rail Transport Equipment of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China
出版时间: 2025-01-15 doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.01.004
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以一类两自由度含间隙及弹性约束碰撞系统为研究对象,通过数值仿真方法,研究了系统在低频工况下周期运动的区域分布及转迁规律,得出随着激振频率的减小,p/1周期运动发生擦边分岔转迁为(p+1)/1周期运动,当碰撞次数足够大时,系统呈现Chattering-impact特性。随后建立与碰撞系统完全等效的电路模型并进行仿真实验。研究结果表明,建立等效电路产生的结果与数值仿真产生的结果相一致,且等效电路在仿真实验时运算速度更高效,能够实现快速的模态转换及参数调节,使之更加便捷,为非线性动力学的研究提供了一种研究方法。

振动系统  /  模态转换  /  数值仿真  /  颤碰运动  /  等效电路

A two-degree-of-freedom collision system with gap and elastic constraint was used as the research object, and the regional distribution and transitions of the periodic motion of the system under low frequency conditions were studied by numerical simulation. It was obtained that with the decrease of excitation frequency, the p/1 periodic motion occurs with grazing bifurcation transitions to(p+1)/1 periodic motion. When the number of collisions was large enough, the Chatteringimpact characteristics were presented. Then a circuit model that was completely equivalent to the collision system was established and simulation experiments were carried out. The results show that the results generated by establishing the equivalent circuit are consistent with those generated by numerical simulations, and the equivalent circuit is more efficient in simulation experiments, which can realize fast modal transitions and parameter adjustments,making it more convenient and providing a research method for the study of nonlinear dynamics.

Vibration system  /  Modal conversion  /  Numerical simulation  /  Chattering-impact motion  /  Equivalent circuit
朱喜锋, 付文斌, 马硕, 郑冬. 两自由度含间隙弹性碰撞振动系统的等效电路仿真. 机械强度, 2025 , 47 (1) : 31 -41 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.01.004
Xifeng ZHU, Wenbin FU, Shuo MA, Dong ZHENG. Equivalent circuit simulation of a two-degree-of-freedom elastic collision vibration system with gaps[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength, 2025 , 47 (1) : 31 -41 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.01.004
间隙和约束等非线性因素常常存在于高速列车的轮轨系统、制动系统中,影响各类车辆系统的动力性和稳定性。当接触到这些非线性因素时,高速列车将会引起噪声和振动,从而使得机械装备成为一个非光滑的动力学系统,这种现象的持续发生会造成零件的损坏。为提高各类铁路车辆的运行稳定性与可靠性,朱喜锋等[1-2]运用数值仿真法研究了一类含间隙弹性碰撞振动系统,通过数值仿真法揭示了该系统的周期运动和参数存在的区域,并揭示了系统发生颤振和碰撞的运动特点。丁杰等[3]研究了一类含不同约束的单自由度碰撞振动系统,通过系统周期运动及转迁规律,揭示了周期运动之间的转迁规律。李国芳等[4]研究了一类非光滑系统模型在不同状态下的动力学特性,揭示了系统从基本周期运动到黏附运动的过渡机制。李得洋等[5]采用了胞映射法研究了一类单自由度碰撞振动系统,重点分析了系统在各参数域内的动力特性及转迁规律,并研究了系统周期吸引子与吸引域的分布规律。李万祥等[6]研究了一类单自由度含间隙系统,采用4阶Runge-Kutta法进行数值仿真,发现了该机械碰撞系统存在叉式分岔、倍周期分岔,而且存在Hopf分岔。吕小红等[7-8]研究了一类两自由度含间隙碰撞振动系统,揭示了系统低频区无冲击、基本冲击、亚谐冲击周期振动模式以及奇异点的分岔特征。吕恩胜等[9]设计了一类分段线性电阻,再将其应用于新的蔡氏电路中,通过仿真和测试发现了新的蔡氏电路能有效地产生混沌行为。李新颖等[10]设计了一类广义忆阻器,将其引入到混沌系统中,研究其动力学特性,在此基础上建立了混沌电路,验证了忆阻器混沌电路的可行性。李旭等[11]研究了一类蔡氏电路模型,着重分析了电路系统不同区域中平衡态及稳定性,并且探讨系统穿越非光滑分界面时的非常规分岔类型。季颖等[12]研究了一类四阶广义蔡氏电路在两时间尺度下的动力学特性,通过引入快慢分析法,对系统动力学行为产生机制及其演化规律进行理论分析与解释,所得出的结果与数值计算的结果进行对比,发现一致。徐国泰等[13]建立了一类二维弹道修正组件的电路仿真模型,在有无控制条件下分别对其进行仿真分析,发现小阻值的负载阻值以及大容值的电容对磁力矩电动机控制较好。张小红等[14]研究了一类忆阻函数多项式为实数指数幂的忆阻器,在此次基础上构建了一类混沌电路系统,研究系统在不同参数下的动力学特性。赵丽娜[15]研究了一类非线性电路,对非线性电路传输信号的影响机制进行深入研究。通过Huiwitz定理,研究非线性同步传输信号时相关系数的取值范围,发现结果与实验结果相对应。汪诤等[16-19]利用集成运算放大电路的线性叠加原理,设计了几类不同特征的分段线性函数,并进行仿真实验,验证了所设计等效电路的正确性。刘瑞家等[20]研究了一类含间隙二自由度碰撞振动系统,通过建立等效电路模型,得出了等效电路与数值仿真分析结果相同的结论。LUO等[21]研究了一类两自由度含间隙弹性碰撞振动系统的动力学特性,通过搭建等效电路来分析约束参数对动力学的影响。近年来国内外学者在研究非线性动力学方面大多基于数值计算,利用等效电路来研究复杂的非线性系统动力学方面研究的比较少。
本文研究了一类两自由度含间隙机械碰撞振动系统,建立了两种Poincarè映射,分析了该系统在(p+1)/1和p/1周期运动的转迁规律,在此基础上设计了一种理论上与数值计算等效的电子电路,并在Multisim软件中对其进行仿真分析,主要缩短了在解决非线性问题时所耗费的时间成本及提高了相关参数调节时的便捷性,为非线性系统动力学的研究提供一种实验方法。
两自由度含间隙机械碰撞系统的力学模型如图1所示,其中两物块分别用M1M2表示,由刚度系数为K1的线性弹簧和阻尼系数为C1的线性阻尼器连接在M1M2之间。由刚度系数为K2的线性弹簧和阻尼系数为C2的线性阻尼器连接在物块M2与支撑面上,作用在M1M2上的简谐激振力为Pisin(Ω′T+τ)(i=1,2);其中,Pi为激振力的振幅,Ω′为频率,τ为相位角。当激振力幅值逐渐增大时,使得物块M1的位移大于或等于间隙B,物块M1与弹性约束发生碰撞,弹性约束的刚度系数取值范围为K0∈(0,∞)。当系统发生弹性碰撞时,使得原本初始的线性系统转变为复杂的冲击碰撞振动系统。根据系统的受力条件,建立动力学微分方程,为
为了分析的普遍性引入以下无量纲量:
该系统无量纲微分方程为
其中
引入符号q=p/n表示机械碰撞系统的周期运动以及亚谐运动,其中pp=1,2,…)表示碰撞次数,nn=1,2,…)表示周期数,在此基础上建立了该系统Poincaré映射,选择
建立Poincaré映射为
式中,XR4vRm是实参数,
由于机械碰撞系统中含有的无量纲参数分别为ωμk0ζδμmμcμkf20,选择其中影响最大的激振频率ω与间隙δ作为分岔参数,分析机械系统的动力学特性。选取参数μk0=0.95,ζ=0.1,μm=μc=μk=0.5,f20=1,以δ∈[0,1],ω∈[0,0.8]为参数采样范围,计算出系统在(ωδ)参数域上的双参数分岔图,如图2所示,其中不同的p/n周期运动由不同的颜色标识。由图2可知,随着ω和间隙的减小,p/1周期运动穿越Grazing分岔边界线转迁为(p+1)/1周期运动,基本冲击运动呈带状区域分布,并在两类稳定周期运动的边界附近夹杂着(np+1)/n。系统的三维冲击速度如图3所示。由图3可知,随着激振频率的减小,系统在小间隙工况下所呈现动力学特性尤为丰富,比较具有研究价值。
选取参数δ=0.1,通过数值仿真计算得出,该碰撞振动系统中物块M1的冲击速度随激振频率ω变化的单参数分岔图如图4(a)、图4(c)所示,系统中物块M1的位移x1p随激振频率ω变化的单参数分岔图如图4(b)、图4(d)所示。图4中横坐标为激振频率ωω上面的“←”表示对激振频率以减小的方式进行数值计算。图4(a)、图4(c)中纵坐标表示物块M1在庞加莱映射截面σp上碰撞前的速度,图4(b)x1p表示物块M1穿过固定周期截面σn时的位移。当ω=(0.595 6,0.8)时系统呈现稳定的1/1周期运动;当ω减至ω=0.595 6时,1/1周期运动经过Grazing分岔转迁为2/1周期运动。当ω=0.353 0时,系统由稳定的3/1周期运动经过擦边分岔转迁为4/1周期运动,随着激振频率的逐渐减小,系统由4/1周期运动经历擦边分岔转迁为5/1周期运动,以及5/1周期运动经历擦边分岔转迁为6/1周期运动。随着激振频率的继续减小,系统由p/1周期运动经历擦边分岔转迁为(p+1)/1周期运动,当碰撞次数达到一定次数时,系统发生Chattering-impact动力学现象。随着ω的减小,1/1周期运动到运动的转迁规律为
其中,表示颤碰运动;GBif表示擦边分岔。
选定ω=0.595 6、0.543 4、0.353 0、0.313 8、0.237、0.112 3得到系统在不同激振频率下的运动相图如图5所示。图5中,横坐标x1表示物块M1的位移,纵坐标表示物块M1的速度,橙色线表示间隙δ=0.1。
选取ω=0.112 3,绘制系统的速度位移时间历程图如图6所示,其中横坐标ωt表示时间。图6(a)表示物块M1ω=0.112 3时的速度时间历程图,其中黑色区域表示颤碰次数。由图6(a)可知,随着时间的变化,物块M1无限次与止挡板发生碰撞,黑色区域纵向振幅逐渐变小说明物块每一次发生碰撞后,物块所受力逐渐衰减。图6(b)表示物块M1位移时间历程图。由图6(b)可知,随着时间的变化,黑色区域纵向振幅逐渐衰减至趋于稳定,即物块M1每一次发生碰撞位移量逐渐减小,所受力逐渐衰减至趋近于0,随着激振频率的继续增加,物块M1进入下一次运动。由图6可知,物块M1ω=0.112 3处发生Chattering-impact动力学特性尤为明显。
选取参数μk0=0.95,μm=μc=μk=0.5,f20=1,δ=0.1,选定ζ=0.05、0.15、0.3,通过数值仿真计算出系统中物块M1在Poincaré映射截面σp上碰撞前的速度随激振频率ω变化的单参数分岔图(图7)。由图7可知,当阻尼系数增大时系统分岔图中混沌区逐渐消失,系统由复杂的周期运动逐渐演化为单一的p/1周期运动序列。选取激振频率ω=0.543 3,阻尼系数为ζ=0.05、0.15、0.3时2/1周期运动相图如图8(a)~图8(c)所示;激振频率ω=0.402 4,阻尼系数为ζ=0.05、0.15、0.3时3/1周期运动的相图如图8(d)~图8(f)所示。由图8可知,随着阻尼系数的变大,系统中物块M1由复杂的周期运动逐渐趋近于单一的p/1周期运动序列。
机械碰撞系统的数值计算通常利用四阶变步长Runge-Kutta法进行若干次迭代运算得出动力学微分方程的数值计算结果,用以分析机械碰撞振动系统的动力学特性。此方法主要受到计算机计算速度和精度的影响,尤其是在改变相关参数时,需重新计算,时间成本往往较高。在电路系统中,电流流经电子元件的时间很短,如若采用若干电子器件搭建出与数值计算理论上等效的电子电路,不仅能够提高仿真速度,还能够快速地实现模态转换。
设计等效电路部分主要是在Multisum软件进行设计,首先根据动力学系统方程(2)及无量纲表达式和相关参数可以计算出等效电路的相关参数,并用于验证弹性碰撞振动模型的数值计算结果。用模拟电路实现方程(2)需要将方程(2)转化为模态方程,令v1=x1v3=x2,对其进行转化得到等效电路方程
根据式(6)选择有源积分电路进行搭建,首先将方程进行转化则得到
式(8)中,
对式(7)~式(10)用两个状态变量v1v3进行整合,结果为
对式(11)进行转化得到
电路设计如图9所示,所设计的等效电路主要分成5个模块。模块1主要是以放大器U1A、U1B实现方程(7);模块2主要是以放大器U1C、U1D实现方程(9);模块3是运放U2A、U2D实现方程(8);模块4主要是运放U2B、U2C实现方程(10),其中运放U1B、U1D、U2A、U2B单元还可以实现反向作用;模块5主要采用Multisum软件中的NONLINEAR-DEPENDENT模块来设计非线性部分fx1)。根据μm=0.5、μk=0.5、μc=0.5、ζ=0.1、δ=0.1、μk0=0.95等条件及组成等效电路的各元器件的作用,首先取R1=R4=R18=10 kΩ,选取电阻R2=R3=R5=R6=R7=R8=R14=R15=R16=100 kΩ,R9=R13=R20=20 kΩ,选取电容C1=C2=10 nF,C3=C4=100 nF。激励幅值可取P=25、B=0.064,计算出R11=R12=R19=22.36 kΩ、R17=11.18 kΩ、R10=26.32 kΩ,计算相关电阻值为
代入式(15)可得,计算得出μ=19:
将其代入式(16)则
得到R10的电阻值为26.32 kΩ,根据方程(18)计算出R12=22.36 kΩ,计算过程为
根据无量纲化过程,激励频率fω之间的关系为
计算可得
通过方程(21),分别计算出:ω=0.595 6时系统呈现的1/1擦边运动所对应的激励频率f=211.962 Hz;ω=0.543 4时系统呈现的2/1周期运动所对应的激励频率f=193.385 Hz;ω=0.353 0时由3/1周期运动经过Grazing分岔转迁为4/1周期运动时所对应的激励频率f=125.625 Hz;ω=0.313 8时系统呈现出的5/1周期运动时所对应的激励频率f=111.675 Hz;ω=0.237时系统由7/1周期运动Grazing分岔转迁为8/1周期运动时所对应的激励频率f=84.343 Hz;ω=0.112 3时系统呈现的p/1周期运动特性所对应的激励频率f=39.9 Hz。打开函数发生器,先将振幅设置为3.2 vp,偏置设为0,再将计算出的频率分别输入其中。对系统进行仿真得到的相图如图10所示,其中横坐标x1表示物块M1的位移,纵坐标表示物块M1的速度。
图10(f)相图为研究对象,选择激励频率f=39.9 Hz( ω=0.112 3)时等效电路系统仿真出颤碰运动的速度位移时间历程图,图11(a)̇表示物块M1的速度,横坐标ωt表示时间。图11(b)表示的是位移时间历程图。由图11(b)可得出,随着时间的增加,系统呈现出Chattering-impact的动力学特性。图11(a)、图11(b)分别对应于数值仿真的图6(a)、图6(b),由此可以得出数值仿真与电路仿真的时间历程图相一致。
当选取阻尼系数ζ=0.05、0.15、0.3时需重新计算图9中电阻R11R12R19的阻值,R17的阻值也需改变,其余参数不变,主要计算过程为
代入ζ=0.05、0.15、0.3,计算出R12的阻值分别为44.72、14.91、7.45 kΩ,则得到R17的阻值分别为22.36、7.45、3.73 kΩ。由式(21)计算出激振频率ω=0.543 3、0.402 4所对应的激励频率分别为f=193.35、143.21 Hz,图9中将原R11=R12=R19R17的阻值替换为所计算的阻值。通过在Multium仿真软件中仿真出系统在激励频率为f=193.35 Hz时系统呈现2/1周期运动,以及f=143.21 Hz时系统呈现3/1周期运动所对应的相图,如图12所示。由图12可知,当激励频率不变时,随着阻尼系数的变大,2/1周期运动(或3/1周期运动)由不稳定运动逐渐演化为稳定运动。将所得出的结果与图8进行对比发现结果一致。由此得出,相比于数值计算采用等效电路仿真出系统的相图,无论是速度还是调节参数时的便捷性都比数值计算效率更高。
通过两自由度含间隙弹性碰撞系统为对照模型,建立了两种Poincaré截面对其进行数值分析并进行仿真实验,研究了其运动状态和转迁规律,并且通过使用TL074MFK型集成运算放大器、NONLINEAR-DEPENDENT模块、电容、电阻等建立了与动力学模型等效的电路模型,并进行仿真实验,得到了如下结论:
1)随着系统的激振频率逐渐减小,系统会发生擦边分岔,使得系统的碰撞次数逐渐增大,当碰撞次数增大到一定次数时,系统将发生Chatting-impact动力学现象。
2)通过建立与动力学模型等效的电路模型并进行仿真实验,发现利用等效电路仿真所得的结果与数值仿真的结果一致,得出采用等效电路能够实现非线性动力学的分析和研究。
3)利用等效电路来研究非线性动力学的问题时既可以快速实现系统的模态转换,又能够实现动态化的参数调节,如可以快速地调节信号发生器中的激励频率,以改变电路系统在不同激励频率下的相图,提高了调节参数的便捷性。
  • 甘肃省科技计划项目(20JR5RA424)
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2025年第47卷第1期
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doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.01.004
  • 接收时间:2023-06-02
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-01-15
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  • 收稿日期:2023-06-02
  • 修回日期:2023-07-06
基金
Science and Technology Plan of Gansu Province(20JR5RA424)
甘肃省科技计划项目(20JR5RA424)
作者信息
    1.兰州交通大学 机电工程学院,兰州 730070
    2.甘肃省轨道交通装备系统动力学与可靠性重点实验室,兰州 730070
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
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红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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