Article(id=1241038856825402056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, issueId=1241038854333985467, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.01.001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1688227200000, receivedDateStr=2023-07-02, revisedDate=1692633600000, revisedDateStr=2023-08-22, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773816320854, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1736870400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773816320854, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773816320854, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773816320854, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241038854333985467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, year='2025', volume='47', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='154', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773816320260, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773819065926, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241050370550591873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, issueId=1241038854333985467, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241050370554786178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, issueId=1241038854333985467, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1, endPage=11, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241038857156752078, articleId=1241038856825402056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, language=EN, title=Study on dynamics characteristic on combination misalignment and rubbing of the dual-rotor system, columnId=1228282191914926752, journalTitle=Journal of Mechanical Strength, columnName=Vibration·Noise·Monitoring·Diagnosis, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The misalignment of the dual-rotor system for the aero-engine will lead to abnormal increase of the vibration which results in the rotor-stator rubbing and affects the safty and stability of the rotor operation. The dual-rotor system was taken as the research object. Considering the combination misalignment-rubbing fault, the dynamic model of the rotor system is established based on the lumped mass method. The differential equation of the system motion was established according to the Lagrange equation, and the Range-Kutta method was used to solve it. The influence mechanism of the key parameters such as the speed, the misalignment angle and the coupling misalignment on the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of the system was studied. The results show that the system presents complex dynamic characteristics such as periodic, multi-periodic, quasi-periodic and chaotic motion with the increase of the rotor’s speed. When the speed is in the range of 1 500-2 200 rad/s, the system switches between periodic 2 motion and chaotic state through multiple paroxysmal bifurcations and paroxysmal inverted bifurcations. There are nonlinear phenomena such as jump in the bifurcation diagram of the vibration response with the change of the parallel misalignment of the coupling. As the misalignment angle of the bearing increases, the chaotic interval of the high speed decreases, and the stable periodic motion interval increases.

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NAN Guofang, E-mail:
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航空发动机双转子系统不对中会导致振动异常增大,进而发生转静碰摩,影响转子安全稳定运行。以双转子系统为研究对象,考虑轴承不对中-联轴器不对中-碰摩故障,基于集中质量法建立转子系统动力学模型,根据拉格朗日方程建立系统运动微分方程,采用Range-Kutta法对其进行求解,研究转速、不对中角度、联轴器不对中量等关键参数对系统非线性动力学特性的影响机制。研究结果表明,随着转子转速增大,系统呈现出周期、多周期、拟周期、混沌运动等复杂的动力学特性,且转速在1 500~2 200 rad/s时,系统通过多次阵发性分岔和阵发性倒分岔在周期2运动和混沌状态之间切换;振动响应随联轴器平行不对中量变化的分岔图中存在“跳跃”等非线性现象;随着轴承不对中角度的增大,高转速的混沌区间缩小,稳定的周期运动区间增大。

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姚夏,女,1999年生,江苏淮安人,硕士研究生;主要研究方向为非线性振动;E-mail:

南国防,男,1980年生,陕西兴平人,博士,副教授;主要研究方向为叶片减振、振动理论、非线性动力学等;E-mail:

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姚夏,女,1999年生,江苏淮安人,硕士研究生;主要研究方向为非线性振动;E-mail:

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姚夏,女,1999年生,江苏淮安人,硕士研究生;主要研究方向为非线性振动;E-mail:

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Aeroengine202147(4):91-97.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Study on vibration characteristics of dual-rotor turbofan engine with rubbing, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241038894179873299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038856825402056, awardId=52275118, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(52275118), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241038894263759380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038856825402056, awardId=52275118, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(52275118), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241038877683675395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038856825402056, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241038877687869700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038856825402056, companyId=1241038877683675395, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241038877696258309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038856825402056, companyId=1241038877683675395, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=上海理工大学 能源与动力工程学院,上海 200093)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241038881991225711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038856825402056, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Schematic diagram of the dual-rotor system, figureFileSmall=0aCnI0MfjGFyvKyfdX/rvg==, figureFileBig=ocTtUFvsOAmxYyeSmLhj6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241038882255466868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038856825402056, language=CN, label=图1, caption=双转子系统示意图, figureFileSmall=0aCnI0MfjGFyvKyfdX/rvg==, figureFileBig=ocTtUFvsOAmxYyeSmLhj6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241038882624565626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038856825402056, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Model of the rolling bearing, figureFileSmall=av10Zt7Y6EyKIpn5pxYibw==, figureFileBig=rXZi3lcTU9+4SzmAF8z2Og==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241038882762977665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038856825402056, language=CN, label=图2, caption=滚动轴承模型, figureFileSmall=av10Zt7Y6EyKIpn5pxYibw==, figureFileBig=rXZi3lcTU9+4SzmAF8z2Og==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241038882897195399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038856825402056, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Model of the gear coupling, figureFileSmall=/4wtvTMLDZq4zB8o+tf2gg==, figureFileBig=S9SFzgoo4Fl2aIn70Fr76w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241038883199185288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038856825402056, language=CN, label=图3, caption=齿式联轴器模型, figureFileSmall=/4wtvTMLDZq4zB8o+tf2gg==, figureFileBig=S9SFzgoo4Fl2aIn70Fr76w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241038883299848587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038856825402056, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Misalignment model, figureFileSmall=n9tIAFj/CLq0ke+uHtOpSA==, figureFileBig=IdDexu663WcncxPrc4DKZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241038883375346062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038856825402056, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不对中模型, figureFileSmall=n9tIAFj/CLq0ke+uHtOpSA==, figureFileBig=IdDexu663WcncxPrc4DKZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241038883467620754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038856825402056, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Motion diagram of the coupling, figureFileSmall=cPT9Q2m4RWYTsxIMKIPT7w==, figureFileBig=z5TdB0mTdzmqEz6IAu1+yA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241038883769610645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038856825402056, language=CN, label=图5, caption=联轴器运动示意图, figureFileSmall=cPT9Q2m4RWYTsxIMKIPT7w==, figureFileBig=z5TdB0mTdzmqEz6IAu1+yA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241038884461670808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038856825402056, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Frequency spectrum characteristics of rotor system without fault, figureFileSmall=nN6AlMcurPHIONS66qC1yg==, figureFileBig=BJ+F4DD4M1Dq/+C4d6vn6A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241038884675580313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038856825402056, language=CN, label=图6, caption=无故障下转子系统频谱特性, figureFileSmall=nN6AlMcurPHIONS66qC1yg==, figureFileBig=BJ+F4DD4M1Dq/+C4d6vn6A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241038884931432862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038856825402056, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Spectrum characteristics of the rotor system under the coupling misalignment fault, figureFileSmall=7plLwOL1NZSzLvM7KLqwjw==, figureFileBig=FT4IqJcEhRtH/XEUuy5oUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241038885057261985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038856825402056, language=CN, label=图7, caption=联轴器不对中故障下转子系统频谱特性, figureFileSmall=7plLwOL1NZSzLvM7KLqwjw==, figureFileBig=FT4IqJcEhRtH/XEUuy5oUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241038885145342371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038856825402056, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Speed bifurcation diagram of the low-pressure turbine under the coupling fault, figureFileSmall=1E8fXbVU9loyknwIFGA9Uw==, figureFileBig=P8wwE0q6xZc7GE/Fcgd7sA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241038885300531624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038856825402056, language=CN, label=图8, caption=耦合故障下低压涡轮转速分岔图, figureFileSmall=1E8fXbVU9loyknwIFGA9Uw==, figureFileBig=P8wwE0q6xZc7GE/Fcgd7sA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241038886953087402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038856825402056, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Spectrum waterfall diagram of the low-pressure turbine under the coupling fault, figureFileSmall=8T1Q5zowiU6zDS9BRW8DbA==, figureFileBig=xElZ6xS6xuItCjK+aVdIlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241038887045362094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038856825402056, language=CN, label=图9, caption=耦合故障下低压涡轮频谱瀑布图, figureFileSmall=8T1Q5zowiU6zDS9BRW8DbA==, figureFileBig=xElZ6xS6xuItCjK+aVdIlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241038887116665264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038856825402056, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Vibration response time domain diagram,spectrum diagram,Poincaré section diagram and axis orbit diagram when ω2=250 rad/s, figureFileSmall=zZ5phHUTAU/Evj4tQT7plw==, figureFileBig=K4DdiG59CKoPlAmwurdI6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241038887410266546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038856825402056, language=CN, label=图10, caption=ω2=250 rad/s时振动响应时域图、频谱图、庞加莱截面图、轴心轨迹图, figureFileSmall=zZ5phHUTAU/Evj4tQT7plw==, figureFileBig=K4DdiG59CKoPlAmwurdI6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241038887578038712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038856825402056, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Vibration response time domain diagram,spectrum diagram,Poincaré section diagram and axis orbit diagram when ω2=800 rad /s, figureFileSmall=5F3JdL7pD8tjGwO5NOC58A==, figureFileBig=RJaIyHBAix1wYz4ZMEERaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241038887825502651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038856825402056, language=CN, label=图11, caption=ω2=800 rad/s时振动响应时域图、频谱图、庞加莱截面图、轴心轨迹图, figureFileSmall=5F3JdL7pD8tjGwO5NOC58A==, figureFileBig=RJaIyHBAix1wYz4ZMEERaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241038887980691903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038856825402056, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Vibration response time domain diagram,spectrum diagram,Poincaré section diagram and axis orbit diagram when ω2=2 450 rad /s, figureFileSmall=09s7fqx1VCKzBHVWOYpiJw==, figureFileBig=IxzZBbWiE81180ziyMaCsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241038888421093828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038856825402056, language=CN, label=图12, caption=ω2=2 450 rad/s时振动响应时域图、频谱图、庞加莱截面图、轴心轨迹图, figureFileSmall=09s7fqx1VCKzBHVWOYpiJw==, figureFileBig=IxzZBbWiE81180ziyMaCsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241038888655974857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038856825402056, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Vibration response time domain diagram,spectrum diagram,Poincaré section diagram and axis orbit diagram when ω2=2 950 rad /s, figureFileSmall=wsl9tXZRT3AW5A1fdxCnzQ==, figureFileBig=r/iqI12q4P08JQtdS4yEqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241038888941187533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038856825402056, language=CN, label=图13, caption=ω2=2 950 rad/s时振动响应时域图、频谱图、庞加莱截面图、轴心轨迹图, figureFileSmall=wsl9tXZRT3AW5A1fdxCnzQ==, figureFileBig=r/iqI12q4P08JQtdS4yEqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241038889150902737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038856825402056, language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=Misalignment bifurcation diagram of couplings at different positions, figureFileSmall=/sqwtoyG196ZpURBHMdxDg==, figureFileBig=FNPXwDRZQ3FUvjdYWI1OuA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241038889419338197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038856825402056, language=CN, label=图14, caption=不同位置联轴器不对中量分岔图, figureFileSmall=/sqwtoyG196ZpURBHMdxDg==, figureFileBig=FNPXwDRZQ3FUvjdYWI1OuA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241038889494835673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038856825402056, language=EN, label=Fig.15, caption=Time domain diagram,spectrum diagram,Poincare section diagram and axis orbit diagram of Δe=0.5×10-5 m low-pressure turbine, figureFileSmall=CTE0UKgShErIPeoVfc97hQ==, figureFileBig=nR1qC41BB/Oy6/029/WPiA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241038889591304669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038856825402056, language=CN, label=图15, caption=Δe=0.5×10-5 m低压涡轮时域图、频谱图、庞加莱截面图、轴心轨迹图, figureFileSmall=CTE0UKgShErIPeoVfc97hQ==, figureFileBig=nR1qC41BB/Oy6/029/WPiA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241038889767465443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038856825402056, language=EN, label=Fig.16, caption=Time domain diagram,spectrum diagram,Poincaré section diagram and axis orbit diagram of Δe=2×10-5 m low-pressure turbine, figureFileSmall=Us28cdVOKvCXPs4i8st4jw==, figureFileBig=+HFMJPerIJamsteCphvOrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241038891411632613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038856825402056, language=CN, label=图16, caption=Δe=2×10-5 m低压涡轮时域图、频谱图、庞加莱截面图、轴心轨迹图, figureFileSmall=Us28cdVOKvCXPs4i8st4jw==, figureFileBig=+HFMJPerIJamsteCphvOrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241038891516490214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038856825402056, language=EN, label=Fig.17, caption=Time domain diagram,spectrum diagram,Poincaré section diagram and axis orbit diagram of Δe=4.1×10-5 m low-pressure turbine, figureFileSmall=/OsnNYPerTSRiCSZGo//5A==, figureFileBig=HGaCjHkQb/0NQ1NgAvEN5A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241038891604570602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038856825402056, language=CN, label=图17, caption=Δe=4.1×10-5 m低压涡轮时域图、频谱图、庞加莱截面图、轴心轨迹图, figureFileSmall=/OsnNYPerTSRiCSZGo//5A==, figureFileBig=HGaCjHkQb/0NQ1NgAvEN5A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241038891780731373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038856825402056, language=EN, label=Fig.18, caption=Misalignment angle bifurcation diagram of high-pressure disk bearing, figureFileSmall=LeQHtRYqqTQr3XgtH3oJSg==, figureFileBig=3wRF2HcNcbUvuPGiO4B0Zg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241038891961086447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038856825402056, language=CN, label=图18, caption=高压轮盘轴承不对中角度分岔图, figureFileSmall=LeQHtRYqqTQr3XgtH3oJSg==, figureFileBig=3wRF2HcNcbUvuPGiO4B0Zg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241038892208550386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038856825402056, language=EN, label=Fig.19, caption=Vibration response time domain diagram,spectrum diagram,Poincaré section diagram and axis orbit diagram when α=2°, figureFileSmall=VKJquNMb1kcYwgbpjDHhFw==, figureFileBig=DF+B+WW1UTZL++kFGUiWvw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241038892493763062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038856825402056, language=CN, label=图19, caption=α=2°时振动响应时域图、频谱图、庞加莱截面图、轴心轨迹图, figureFileSmall=VKJquNMb1kcYwgbpjDHhFw==, figureFileBig=DF+B+WW1UTZL++kFGUiWvw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241038892758004219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038856825402056, language=EN, label=Fig.20, caption=Vibration response time domain diagram,spectrum diagram,Poincaré section diagram and axis orbit diagram when α=8°, figureFileSmall=aZ0BXeLVoTg52z4dpgI6tQ==, figureFileBig=+rEYOqrTbxhqk8Sv2NUYhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241038893026439677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038856825402056, language=CN, label=图20, caption=α=8°时振动响应时域图、频谱图、庞加莱截面图、轴心轨迹图, figureFileSmall=aZ0BXeLVoTg52z4dpgI6tQ==, figureFileBig=+rEYOqrTbxhqk8Sv2NUYhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241038893131297279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038856825402056, language=EN, label=Fig.21, caption=Vibration response time domain diagram,spectrum diagram,Poincaré section diagram and axis orbit diagram when α=12°, figureFileSmall=dKsoXfWsslK5gx5u2JMa5w==, figureFileBig=4NeHLJWgcT0hNB09zq0pMQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241038893290680833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038856825402056, language=CN, label=图21, caption=α=12°时振动响应时域图、频谱图、庞加莱截面图、轴心轨迹图, figureFileSmall=dKsoXfWsslK5gx5u2JMa5w==, figureFileBig=4NeHLJWgcT0hNB09zq0pMQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241038893592670724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038856825402056, language=EN, label=Fig.22, caption=Vibration response time domain diagram,spectrum diagram,Poincaré section diagram and axis orbit diagram when α=14.5°, figureFileSmall=A1iZKxI8novk4pgq9ux0sg==, figureFileBig=wlY5U69VAnGdYWvMkCCY2A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241038893689139719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038856825402056, language=CN, label=图22, caption=α=14.5°时振动响应时域图、频谱图、庞加莱截面图、轴心轨迹图, figureFileSmall=A1iZKxI8novk4pgq9ux0sg==, figureFileBig=wlY5U69VAnGdYWvMkCCY2A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241038893756248587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038856825402056, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Main parameters of the dynamics model for the rotor

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 Parameter值 Value
集中质量 Concentrated mass
m1m2m3m4m5m6mh/kg
1.5,6,10,2,6,1.5,8
支撑阻尼 Support damping
c1c2c3c4c5 /(N⋅s/m)
1 200,1 200,1 200,1 200,
1 200
轮盘偏心量
Eccentricity of the disk e1e2eh/m
5×10-5, 5×10-5, 3×10-5
轴端长度 Shaft-end length
l1l2l3l4l5l6l7/m
0.3,0.3,0.8,0.2,0.2,0.3,0.3
弹性轴端阻尼Elastic shaft-end damping
c12c23c34c45c56/(N⋅s/m)
800,800,800,800,800
轮盘极转动惯量、直径转动惯量
Pole moment of inertia,diameter moment of inertia of the disk JpJd/(kg⋅m2)
0.04,0.02
转轴弹性模量
Elastic modulus of the shaft E/(kg⋅m2)
2×1011
转轴横截面惯性矩
Cross section inertia moment of the rotating shaft I/m4
1.178×10-7
高、低压转子转速比
Speed ratio of high and low pressure rotors λ
1.5
轴承内、外滚道半径
Radius of inner and outer raceway of bearings r、R/m
40.1×10-3,63.9×10-3
滚珠数量 Number of balls Nb8
中介轴承刚度
Intermediate bearing stiffness Kb/(N/m)
13.3×109
中介轴承间隙
Intermediate bearing clearance δ0/m
5×10-6
), ArticleFig(id=1241038893944992269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241038856825402056, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

转子动力学模型主要参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 Parameter值 Value
集中质量 Concentrated mass
m1m2m3m4m5m6mh/kg
1.5,6,10,2,6,1.5,8
支撑阻尼 Support damping
c1c2c3c4c5 /(N⋅s/m)
1 200,1 200,1 200,1 200,
1 200
轮盘偏心量
Eccentricity of the disk e1e2eh/m
5×10-5, 5×10-5, 3×10-5
轴端长度 Shaft-end length
l1l2l3l4l5l6l7/m
0.3,0.3,0.8,0.2,0.2,0.3,0.3
弹性轴端阻尼Elastic shaft-end damping
c12c23c34c45c56/(N⋅s/m)
800,800,800,800,800
轮盘极转动惯量、直径转动惯量
Pole moment of inertia,diameter moment of inertia of the disk JpJd/(kg⋅m2)
0.04,0.02
转轴弹性模量
Elastic modulus of the shaft E/(kg⋅m2)
2×1011
转轴横截面惯性矩
Cross section inertia moment of the rotating shaft I/m4
1.178×10-7
高、低压转子转速比
Speed ratio of high and low pressure rotors λ
1.5
轴承内、外滚道半径
Radius of inner and outer raceway of bearings r、R/m
40.1×10-3,63.9×10-3
滚珠数量 Number of balls Nb8
中介轴承刚度
Intermediate bearing stiffness Kb/(N/m)
13.3×109
中介轴承间隙
Intermediate bearing clearance δ0/m
5×10-6
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双转子系统组合不对中-碰摩耦合故障动力学特性研究
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姚夏 , 南国防 , 李姚 , 丘学文
机械强度 | 振动·噪声·监测·诊断 2025,47(1): 1-11
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机械强度 | 振动·噪声·监测·诊断 2025, 47(1): 1-11
双转子系统组合不对中-碰摩耦合故障动力学特性研究
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姚夏 , 南国防 , 李姚, 丘学文
作者信息
  • 上海理工大学 能源与动力工程学院,上海 200093
  • 姚夏,女,1999年生,江苏淮安人,硕士研究生;主要研究方向为非线性振动;E-mail:

    南国防,男,1980年生,陕西兴平人,博士,副教授;主要研究方向为叶片减振、振动理论、非线性动力学等;E-mail:

Study on dynamics characteristic on combination misalignment and rubbing of the dual-rotor system
Xia YAO , Guofang NAN , Yao LI, Xuewen QIU
Affiliations
  • School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
出版时间: 2025-01-15 doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.01.001
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航空发动机双转子系统不对中会导致振动异常增大,进而发生转静碰摩,影响转子安全稳定运行。以双转子系统为研究对象,考虑轴承不对中-联轴器不对中-碰摩故障,基于集中质量法建立转子系统动力学模型,根据拉格朗日方程建立系统运动微分方程,采用Range-Kutta法对其进行求解,研究转速、不对中角度、联轴器不对中量等关键参数对系统非线性动力学特性的影响机制。研究结果表明,随着转子转速增大,系统呈现出周期、多周期、拟周期、混沌运动等复杂的动力学特性,且转速在1 500~2 200 rad/s时,系统通过多次阵发性分岔和阵发性倒分岔在周期2运动和混沌状态之间切换;振动响应随联轴器平行不对中量变化的分岔图中存在“跳跃”等非线性现象;随着轴承不对中角度的增大,高转速的混沌区间缩小,稳定的周期运动区间增大。

轴承不对中  /  联轴器不对中  /  碰摩  /  耦合故障  /  非线性

The misalignment of the dual-rotor system for the aero-engine will lead to abnormal increase of the vibration which results in the rotor-stator rubbing and affects the safty and stability of the rotor operation. The dual-rotor system was taken as the research object. Considering the combination misalignment-rubbing fault, the dynamic model of the rotor system is established based on the lumped mass method. The differential equation of the system motion was established according to the Lagrange equation, and the Range-Kutta method was used to solve it. The influence mechanism of the key parameters such as the speed, the misalignment angle and the coupling misalignment on the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of the system was studied. The results show that the system presents complex dynamic characteristics such as periodic, multi-periodic, quasi-periodic and chaotic motion with the increase of the rotor’s speed. When the speed is in the range of 1 500-2 200 rad/s, the system switches between periodic 2 motion and chaotic state through multiple paroxysmal bifurcations and paroxysmal inverted bifurcations. There are nonlinear phenomena such as jump in the bifurcation diagram of the vibration response with the change of the parallel misalignment of the coupling. As the misalignment angle of the bearing increases, the chaotic interval of the high speed decreases, and the stable periodic motion interval increases.

Bearing misalignment  /  Coupling misalignment  /  Rubbing  /  Coupling fault  /  Nonlinear
姚夏, 南国防, 李姚, 丘学文. 双转子系统组合不对中-碰摩耦合故障动力学特性研究. 机械强度, 2025 , 47 (1) : 1 -11 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.01.001
Xia YAO, Guofang NAN, Yao LI, Xuewen QIU. Study on dynamics characteristic on combination misalignment and rubbing of the dual-rotor system[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength, 2025 , 47 (1) : 1 -11 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.01.001
航空发动机双转子系统不对中会导致振动异常增大,进而发生转静碰摩,对发动机安全稳定运行造成巨大威胁。因此,研究双转子系统不对中-碰摩耦合故障动力学特性,对故障诊断、结构设计等具有重要的学术价值和工程应用价值。
国内外学者对转子不对中故障[1-3]、碰摩[4-7]等进行了大量的研究,韩清凯等[8]总结了转子不对中类型及其建模方法并梳理了航空发动机双转子系统不对中模式。张宏献等[9]讨论了存在不对中故障的转子系统非线性动力学特性以及不对中故障定量分析方面的研究。JIANG等[10]对线性碰摩刚度下的反向全周碰摩动力学特性进行了详细的研究。不对中故障下转子系统偏离设计工况运行,轴承和联轴器设计参数发生改变从而改变了振动特性。在轴承不同心故障下,轴承载荷随标高量呈线性变化而轴承套偏角不对中会引起轴承接触角、游隙和滚珠转速的周期性变化,增强系统轴向振动[11]。对双转子系统的研究[12-13]表明,不对中故障特性会通过中介轴承传递至另一个转子,由不对中引起的谐波频率与双转子系统固有频率相同时系统都会发生共振。近年来,不少学者通过有限元软件研究了含不对中故障转子系统动力学特性[14-15]及碰摩动力学特性[16-17]。王美令[18]考虑轴承不在同一水平线、轴承内外圈倾斜,将轴承平行不对中等效为轴承受到径向载荷并产生相应的位移量,将轴承角度不对中等效为轴承受到附加弯矩并产生相应的角位移,建立了五自由度滚动轴承刚度模型,并基于Ansys和实验,验证了所建立模型的正确性。为了更全面地反映碰摩过程对碰摩的影响,研究者提出了一种能够分析叶片数量和碰摩间隙变化对碰摩影响的动力学模型[19-20]
本文建立了组合不对中和碰摩故障耦合的双转子系统动力学模型,研究转速、联轴器不对中量、不对中角度、中介轴承刚度等关键参数对双转子系统非线性动力学特性的影响规律。
双转子系统为航空发动机中常见的一种结构。图1为双转子系统示意图,低压转子两端通过轴承1和轴承2与基座相连,联轴器两侧受到轴承3和轴承4的支撑;高压转子在支撑5处与机匣相连,后侧通过轴承6与低压转子相连。为使所建立模型简化的同时又能反映结构特点和振动特性,建模过程中忽略扭转振动和轴向振动,将高压轴视为刚性轴。低压转子左侧支撑集中质量为m1,低压转子压气机轮盘集中质量为m2,联轴器及两侧支撑集中质量为m3,中介轴承在低压转子处的集中质量为m4,低压涡轮轮盘集中质量为m5,低压转子右侧支撑集中质量为m6,高压转子轮盘集中质量为mh;低压转子左端轴承支撑刚度及阻尼为k1c1,右端轴承支撑刚度及阻尼为k2c2,联轴器两侧支撑刚度及阻尼为k3c3k4c4,高压转子左侧轴承支撑刚度及阻尼为k5c5。相应地,各集中质量平动位移分别为x1y1x2y2x3y3x4y4x5y5x6y6xhyh;高压转子轮盘绕xy轴的转动自由度为θyθx。考虑高压轮盘、低压压气机盘和涡轮盘偏心,偏心距分别为ehe1e2。低压轴弹性模量为E,横截面惯性矩为I;高压轮盘极转动惯量为Jp,直径转动惯量为Jd;集中质量i与集中质量j之间的弹性轴段阻尼为cij,高、低压转子转速比为λ。为了研究组合不对中-碰摩耦合的双转子系统动力学特性,建立准确的中介轴承和不对中模型显得尤为重要,以下将从这些方面进行阐述。
航空发动机转子普遍采用滚动轴承弹性支撑,高压转子和低压转子采用中介轴承相连,中介轴承如图2所示。中介轴承建模中忽略滚珠与内、外环之间的摩擦作用和相对滑动,假设中介轴承滚珠与内、外圈只有径向弹性力,弹性力满足Hertz接触理论;轴承外圈与高压转子同速转动,轴承内圈与低压转子同速转动。若内、外滚道半径分别为rR,滚珠与内、外圈接触点的线速度分别为vrvR,轴承内、外圈旋转角速度分别为ωrωR,保持架线速度为vcage,则
由于轴承外圈与高压转子同转速,轴承内圈与低压转子同转速,所以保持架角速度为
滚动轴承受到不平衡力和轴承刚度连续周期变化引起的VC(Varying Compliance)振动,不平衡引起的振动频率为转子的旋转频率,刚度变化引起的振动频率为刚度变化的周期。假设滚子数量为Nb,则滚珠通过频率为
设第j个滚珠处的接触角为θj;第j个滚珠法向接触变形为δj;中介轴承间隙为δ0,则
式中,xy为轴承形心径向位移。根据弹性Hertz接触理论,第j个滚珠与滚道间的接触压力为
式中,Kb为中介轴承接触刚度;H(·)为海维赛函数。将每个滚珠受到的力集中到滚动轴承形心后,滚动轴承在径向的轴承力为
本文将联轴器不对中考虑为低压转子联轴器平行不对中,联轴器类型为齿式刚性联轴器,齿式联轴器模型如图3所示。左、右两个半联轴器与两端转轴相连,通过联轴器外壳与左、右两个半联轴器齿轮啮合传动,联轴器不对中简图如图4所示。
当两个半联轴器的回转中心O1O2存在平行不对中量Δe时,联轴器相对回转中心O'的运动轨迹为以平行不对中量Δe为直径,外壳静态中心O为圆心的圆。记两个半联轴器的回转半径分别为R1R2R1=R2,联轴器外壳回转半径为R,则满足安装条件的联轴器外壳最小齿根圆半径Rmine/2+R1e/2+R2。由于齿式联轴器外壳质量占比较大,可以将联轴器外壳的运动近似代替联轴器的运动。联轴器齿套中心绕静态中心转动过程中,记齿套中心O'和O2的连线与O1O2的连线成θ角,如图5所示。根据几何关系有
θ求导有
齿套中心O'的线速度为
O'绕O旋转的角速度为
综上可知,联轴器齿套中心旋转角速度是低压转子转速的2倍。
转子系统运行时因不对中造成主轴振动过大,进而导致转静碰摩。为了研究转子系统不对中-碰摩耦合非线性动力学特性,采用拉格朗日法建立其动力学模型。高压转子动能为
高压转子势能为
式中,xh1yh1为支撑5处径向位移,xh1=xh-θyl7yh1=yh+θxl7。高压转子耗散能为
高压转子受到的外力包括不平衡力、中介轴承支撑力、重力以及碰摩力,采用拉格朗日方程建立高压转子动力学方程,有
式中,pHxpHy分别为高压轮盘在xy方向受到的碰摩力;TxTy为轴承不对中产生的附加弯矩。依据牛顿第二定律建立低压转子动力学方程,有
式中,kij为集中质量i与集中质量j之间的弹性轴段弯曲刚度;pLxpLy分别为低压涡轮盘在xy方向受到的碰摩力。
针对建立的组合不对中-碰摩耦合系统运动微分方程,采用Runge-Kutta法对其进行求解。算例采用的主要参数如表1所示。
对于含有不对中故障的转子系统,不对中二倍频会引起二倍频共振,研究中介轴承非线性作用下,双转子系统的共振特性有利于分析不对中-碰摩耦合故障下的振动特性。用fH表示高压转子转速频率,fL表示低压转子转速频率,图6(a)~图6(c)分别为无故障时高压轮盘、低压压气机盘和低压涡轮盘频谱瀑布图。由图6可知,在中介轴承非线性力作用下,除高、低压转子工频外还存在fH-fL、2fLfH+fL、2fH等幅值较小的组合频率;高、低压转子1阶临界转速分别为480 rad/s和320 rad/s。在高压轮盘,高压转子不平衡激起960 rad/s处频谱峰值,低压转子不平衡激起1 260 rad/s处频谱峰值;在低压压气机盘,低压转子不平衡激起1 775 rad/s处频谱峰值;在低压涡轮盘,高压转子不平衡激起810 rad/s处频谱峰值,低压转子不平衡激起1 490 rad/s处频谱峰值。
无故障时高压转子轮盘、低压压气机轮盘和低压涡轮轮盘幅频特性曲线如图6(d)所示。其中,横坐标是低压转子转速,纵坐标是不同位置处径向最大位移。由图6(d)可知,在高、低压转子1阶临界转速之前,高压转子轮盘、低压压气机轮盘和低压涡轮轮盘最大位移变化趋势相同,在转速超过高压转子1阶临界转速后,不同位置处最大位移随转速的变化趋势存在较大差异。
当存在联轴器平行不对中时,高压转子轮盘、低压压气机轮盘和低压涡轮轮盘频谱瀑布图如图7(a)~图7(c)所示。对比图6(a)图7(a)可知,转子存在不对中转速为250 rad/s时高压轮盘新增了频谱峰值,表明联轴器不对中的影响经中介轴承后传递到高压转子。对比图7(a)~图7(c)发现,高压轮盘和低压涡轮盘在250 rad/s处均出现频谱峰值,而低压压气机该峰值对应的转速则延迟至290 rad/s。在低压涡轮盘频谱瀑布图中存在两个频谱峰值转速,即250 rad/s和880 rad/s。
存在联轴器平行不对中时,双转子系统幅频曲线如图7(d)所示。在1阶临界转速480 rad/s之前,高压轮盘和低压涡轮盘最大位移变化趋势相同,而低压压气机轮盘由联轴器引起的共振峰值对应的转速则延迟至290 rad/s。对比图6(d)图7(d)可以发现,联轴器不对中对低压压气机的影响最为显著,低压压气机轮盘在850 rad/s处发生了1 775 rad/s的1/2临界转速二倍频共振。
为了研究不对中-碰摩耦合双转子系统在不同转速下的振动特性,本文取低压转子转速在100~3 000 rad/s内变动,碰摩刚度K=4×108 N/m,碰摩间隙δ=5×10-5 m,不对中角度α=5°、联轴器平行不对中量Δe=2×10-5 m,中介轴承参数不变时,低压涡轮振动响应转速分岔图如图8所示。研究结果表明,系统的运动类型在3 000 rad/s内可以大致分为6个区间段,即:I区间段,100~487 rad/s内的周期2区间;Ⅱ区间段,487~976 rad/s内的混沌运动;Ⅲ区间段,976~1 513 rad/s内的周期2运动;Ⅳ区间段,1 513 ~2 145 rad/s内以混沌为主的运动;Ⅴ区间段,2 145 ~2 680 rad/s内的多周期运动;Ⅵ区间段,2 680 ~3 000 rad/s内的拟周期运动和混沌运动。由图8可以看出,分岔过程可以分为两支。这是因为转速比为1.5,未分岔前系统处于周期2运动中。
低压涡轮频谱瀑布图如图9所示,在亚临界转速区间,频谱图中存在fL/2、fLfH、2fHfH+fL、2fL等可公约频谱。在出现临界转速后系统多次出现连续性频谱,对比分岔图分析可知,这些连续性频谱分别对应1 513~2 145 rad/s、1 513 ~2 200 rad/s和2 680 ~3 000 rad/s内的混沌状态。
低压转子转速分别为250、800、2 450、2 950 rad/s时,低压涡轮振动响应时域图、频谱图、庞加莱截面图、轴心轨迹图如图10~图13所示。转速为250 rad/s时,转速较小,径向位移较小,在重力的作用下,低压涡轮与机匣在竖直方向下侧发生碰摩。图10中出现的fH-fLfLfHfH+fL等频谱可公约,系统处于周期2运动状态。当转速超过系统1阶临界转速后,系统进入混沌状态,如图11所示。图11(b)中频率比0~3内存在连续性频谱,庞加莱截面为两团无规律的散点,表明混沌由周期2运动通过阵发性分岔而来。随着转速增大,系统逐渐远离1阶共振区,系统回归周期2运动。当转速在1 500~2 200 rad/s区间内,系统通过多次阵发性分岔和阵发性倒分岔在周期2运动和混沌状态之间往复。倍周期分岔过程周期4运动如图12所示,周期4运动和周期8运动具有相似的轴心轨迹。当转速为2 950 rad/s时,由图13(b)可以发现,高频部分频谱分布较多,2.4 fL频谱幅值较大;图13(d)庞加莱截面呈现两个类圆曲线,系统处于拟周期运动。
保持碰摩参数及轴承不对中角度不变,研究联轴器平行不对中量对振动响应的影响。低压转子转速为1 500 rad/s时高压转子、低压压气机和低压涡轮横向位移随联轴器平行不对中量的分岔图如图14所示。尽管存在中介轴承非线性,低压压气机盘、低压涡轮盘和高压轮盘处联轴器不对中量分岔特性基本相同,低压涡轮分岔特征最为明显。
联轴器不对中量Δe为0.5×10-5、2×10-5、4.1×10-5 m时,系统振动响应时域图、频谱图、庞加莱截面图和轴心轨迹图如图15~图17所示。不对中量小于0.98×10-5 m前,系统处于混沌状态,频谱图中存在大量幅值较低的连续性频谱,庞加莱截面和轴心轨迹均较为混乱,如图15所示。随着联轴器不对中量的增大,系统非线性特性减弱,系统进入周期2运动并在不对中量达到3.09×10-5 m时,分岔图出现跳跃现象,由14(b)发现,高压轮盘也存在明显的跳跃现象。此后,低压涡轮盘随系统进入倍周期分岔和倍周期倒分岔过程,周期2运动和周期8运动如图16图17所示。周期运动拥有相似的轴心轨迹,表明联轴器平行不对中量对轴心轨迹的影响较小,周期2运动时轴心轨迹如图16(d)所示。倍周期分岔和倍周期倒分岔结束后,低压涡轮在混沌运动和周期运动之间往复。
转速为1 500 rad/s时,高压轮盘处不对中角度分岔图如图18所示,研究表明,随着不对中角度的增大,高压轮盘处依次经历了周期2、混沌、短暂的拟周期、混沌、周期6、混沌、多周期、拟周期、周期2等运动。
不对中角度α为2°、8°、12°、14.5°时,高压轮盘振动响应时域图、频谱图、庞加莱截面图、轴心轨迹图如图19~图22所示。不对中角度小于6.2°时,高压轮盘处于周期2运动,如图19所示。由图19(d)可知,尽管存在碰摩故障,但图19(b)中并未产生不可公约频谱和连续频谱,高压轮盘仍处于周期2运动状态。不对中角度超过6.2°后,系统进入混沌运动,其间存在短暂的拟周期运动,混沌运动如图20所示。图20(b)中存在大量连续性频谱,这是典型的混沌特征,此时轴心轨迹和庞加莱截面点分布均比较混乱。当不对中角度增加至11.18°时,发生阵发性倒分岔,振动响应由混沌运动进入周期6运动,图21(a)中不对中二倍频已成为幅值最大的频率,庞加莱截面存在6个独立散点,如图21(c)所示。经历混沌和多周期运动后进入拟周期运动,如图22所示。拟周期运动特性在图22(a)中表现为拍振,在庞加莱截面表现为两个封闭类圆曲线。不对中角度超过16.8°,系统后一直处于周期2运动。
本文建立了考虑中介轴承非线性的双转子组合不对中-碰摩耦合故障系统动力学模型,分析了联轴器平行不对中和轴承不对中下高、低压转子不同位置处频谱特性和幅频特性,探讨了转速、轴承不对中角度,联轴器平行不对中量、中介轴承间隙和中介轴承刚度对耦合故障双转子系统振动响应的影响。主要结论如下:
1)联轴器平行不对中会对双转子系统峰值频率和幅值产生影响。当联轴器平行不对中时,高、低压转子存在fH-fL、2fLfH+fL、2fH等组合频率;低压压气机在转速达到850 rad/s时出现新的较大峰值,480 rad/s和1 775 rad/s等峰值基本保持不变;低压涡轮新增转速为250 rad/s处的峰值,其他峰值保持不变;高压转子幅频特性基本保持不变。
2)转速对耦合故障双转子系统非线性动力学行为有显著影响。随着转速增大,系统呈现出周期、多周期、拟周期、混沌运动等复杂的动力学特性。在亚临界转速区间,低压涡轮存在fL/2、fLfH、2fHfH+fL、2fL等可公约频率成分;转速在1 500 ~2 200 rad/s区间内,系统通过多次阵发性分岔和阵发性倒分岔在周期2运动和混沌状态之间切换。
3)振动响应随联轴器平行不对中量变化的分岔图中存在“跳跃”等非线性现象。当不对中量达到0.031 mm时,低压涡轮分岔图中出现“跳跃”现象,高压转子也有类似的“跳跃”现象。
4)随着轴承不对中角度的增大,高转速区混沌运动区间缩小,稳定的周期运动区间增大。不对中角度较小时,低转速区横向位移出现了“跳跃”现象,随着不对中角度进一步增大,“跳跃”处运动状态由周期运动变为混沌运动且混沌运动转速区间随不对中角度增大而拓宽。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52275118)
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2025年第47卷第1期
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doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.01.001
  • 接收时间:2023-07-02
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-01-15
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  • 收稿日期:2023-07-02
  • 修回日期:2023-08-22
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52275118)
国家自然科学基金项目(52275118)
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    上海理工大学 能源与动力工程学院,上海 200093
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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