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During the operation of the BV500 type controlled seismic source vibrator in Sichuan and Chongqing areas,due to the improper plate design, the vibration energy down-transfer rate is low and the excitation signal distortion is serious.Therefore, the continuum topology optimization method was introduced, and a variable density method of the solid isotropic material with penalization (SIMP) model was used to optimize the design of BV500 controlled seismic source vibrator plate from two aspects — reducing mass and increasing stiffness, and an “octagonal I-steel-20a” plate was innovatively developed.After optimization, the mass of the plate was reduced by 45.29%, and the stiffness of the plate was increased by 79.92%, the vibration performance of the plate before and after optimization is studied.The simulation results show that compared with the original aluminum alloy plate, the energy down-transfer rate of the “octagonal I-steel-20a” plate increases by 15.11%, the displacement amplitude of the ground surface contact center point increases by 43.74%, and the amplitude of the interaction force increases by 40.56%.The field experiment shows that when the “octagonal I-beam-20a” plate is excited, the effective value of the average vibration velocity of the near-field signal of the detector is increased by 22.23%, and the effective value of the average vibration velocity of the far-field signal of the detector is increased by 39%, the law is consistent with the numerical simulation conclusion of controlled seismic source road excitation.The excitation performance of the “octagonal I-beam-20a” plate is better than that of the original aluminum alloy integral plate, which effectively improves the road excitation effect of BV500 type controlled seismic source in Sichuan and Chongqing areas.

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HUANG Zhiqiang, E-mail:
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BV500型可控震源振动器在川渝地区作业过程中,由于平板设计不合理,导致振动能量下传率低、激发信号畸变严重。因此,引入连续体拓扑优化方法,采用固体各向同性材料惩罚(Solid Istropic Material with Penalization,SIMP)模型变密度法,从降低质量和增加刚度两个方面对BV500型可控震源振动器平板进行优化设计,创新研制了一种“八边形工字钢-20a”平板。优化后平板质量减轻了45.29%,平板刚度提升了79.92%,并开展了优化前后平板激振性能研究。仿真研究结果表明,与原铝合金整体平板相比,“八边形工字钢-20a”平板的能量下传率提高了15.11%,地表接触中心点位移振幅增大了43.74%,互作用力振幅提升了40.56%。现场实验表明,“八边形工字钢-20a”平板激振时,检波器近场信号平均振动速度有效值提升了22.23%,检波器远场信号平均振动速度有效值提升了39%,规律与可控震源道路激振数值仿真模拟结论一致。“八边形工字钢-20a”平板激振性能优于原铝合金整体平板,有效改善了BV500型可控震源在川渝地区道路激振效果。

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黄志强,男,1968年生,四川眉山人,博士,教授;主要研究方向为石油天然气装备等;E-mail:

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黄志强,男,1968年生,四川眉山人,博士,教授;主要研究方向为石油天然气装备等;E-mail:

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figureFileBig=hTh2yuzrFrdsZqd3faZF2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241029747740832419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029733115294687, language=CN, label=图10, caption=不同类型工字钢平板激振效果分析, figureFileSmall=xYwsqakgfl9SpDOttdZvhQ==, figureFileBig=hTh2yuzrFrdsZqd3faZF2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241029747841495718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029733115294687, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=BV500 type controlled seismic source vibrator plate, figureFileSmall=o+SNNDjWcFLS41SruhHK1Q==, figureFileBig=22EnDAkDsdQbjfwvl7CMTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241029747937964717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029733115294687, language=CN, label=图11, caption=BV500型可控震源振动器平板, figureFileSmall=o+SNNDjWcFLS41SruhHK1Q==, figureFileBig=22EnDAkDsdQbjfwvl7CMTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241029748021850801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029733115294687, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Test site for excitation of the concrete road, figureFileSmall=7YLxknsvRWoW0vG4AEoSAg==, figureFileBig=jpXFA93SJ/IIIlEh4Xmyvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241029748088959672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029733115294687, language=CN, label=图12, caption=水泥路面激振试验场地, figureFileSmall=7YLxknsvRWoW0vG4AEoSAg==, figureFileBig=jpXFA93SJ/IIIlEh4Xmyvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241029748189622973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029733115294687, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Comparison of vibration speed of geophones in continuous sweep loading process, figureFileSmall=nwM/Pl0ejXYw3AVjNrTeJA==, figureFileBig=W8uC+XIVu6ILK814JcY6eg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241029748277703362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029733115294687, language=CN, label=图13, caption=连续扫频加载过程检波器振动速度对比, figureFileSmall=nwM/Pl0ejXYw3AVjNrTeJA==, figureFileBig=W8uC+XIVu6ILK814JcY6eg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241029748349006533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029733115294687, language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=Comparison of vibration speed of detector in low frequency band loading process, figureFileSmall=7X0QKJlTUM7lI1mFM3AXAg==, figureFileBig=XzIbTVqQ7Z9F8P3af65PgQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241029748441281227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029733115294687, language=CN, label=图14, caption=低频段加载过程检波器振动速度对比, figureFileSmall=7X0QKJlTUM7lI1mFM3AXAg==, figureFileBig=XzIbTVqQ7Z9F8P3af65PgQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241029748529361616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029733115294687, language=EN, label=Fig.15, caption=Comparison of vibration speed of geophones in medium frequency band loading process, figureFileSmall=8wzoJgWnT8M1jNbbpXKZDg==, figureFileBig=Gm2+vSFpDaaXfjwbRqgARQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241029748621636306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029733115294687, language=CN, label=图15, caption=中频段加载过程检波器振动速度对比, figureFileSmall=8wzoJgWnT8M1jNbbpXKZDg==, figureFileBig=Gm2+vSFpDaaXfjwbRqgARQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241029748718105302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029733115294687, language=EN, label=Fig.16, caption=Comparison of vibration speed of detector in high frequency band loading process, figureFileSmall=JC/aBz2kKgJ+39DEHgwjgQ==, figureFileBig=8XcSWD+WGIXSn+QzZJ1tCw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241029748789408475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029733115294687, language=CN, label=图16, caption=高频段加载过程检波器振动速度对比, figureFileSmall=JC/aBz2kKgJ+39DEHgwjgQ==, figureFileBig=8XcSWD+WGIXSn+QzZJ1tCw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241029748869100254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029733115294687, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Material characteristic parameters of the vibrator plate, concrete road and the earth

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
部件
Part
材料
Material
密度
Density ρ/(kg/m³)
弹性模量
Modulus of elasticity E/MPa
泊松比
Poisson ratio ν
平板
Plate
铝合金
Aluminum alloy
2 77071 0000.33
16Mn 钢
16Mn steel
7 850212 0000.31
平板以上结构
Structure bove the plate
45钢 45 steel7 890209 0000.269
道路
Road
混凝土
Concrete
2 60030 0000.26
大地
The earth
硬质土
Hard soil
1 8002000.32
砂岩
Sandstone
2 60019 3000.38
), ArticleFig(id=1241029748940403425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029733115294687, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

振动器平板、水泥道路和大地材料特性参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
部件
Part
材料
Material
密度
Density ρ/(kg/m³)
弹性模量
Modulus of elasticity E/MPa
泊松比
Poisson ratio ν
平板
Plate
铝合金
Aluminum alloy
2 77071 0000.33
16Mn 钢
16Mn steel
7 850212 0000.31
平板以上结构
Structure bove the plate
45钢 45 steel7 890209 0000.269
道路
Road
混凝土
Concrete
2 60030 0000.26
大地
The earth
硬质土
Hard soil
1 8002000.32
砂岩
Sandstone
2 60019 3000.38
), ArticleFig(id=1241029750437769960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029733115294687, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Verification parameter of the wave speed

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
仿真模型波速
Simulation model wave speed v1/(m/s)
纵波理论波速
Theoretical longitudinal wave speed v2/(m/s)
v1v2的相对误差
Relative error of v1 and v2
Δ1/%
2 944.0982 724.5327.458
), ArticleFig(id=1241029750530044652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029733115294687, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

波速验证参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
仿真模型波速
Simulation model wave speed v1/(m/s)
纵波理论波速
Theoretical longitudinal wave speed v2/(m/s)
v1v2的相对误差
Relative error of v1 and v2
Δ1/%
2 944.0982 724.5327.458
), ArticleFig(id=1241029750651679472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029733115294687, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Comparison of the excitation performance of two types of flat plates

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价指标
Evaluation indicators
铝合金整体平板
Aluminum monolithic integral plate
工字钢平板
I-beam plate
能量下传率
Energy down-transfer rate/%
3.944.14
地表接触中心点位移振幅
Ground surface contact center point displacement amplitude/mm
0.5430.661
互作用力振幅
Interaction force amplitude/kN
229.566262.542
互作用力失真度
Interaction force distortion degree /%
26.0930.14
互作用力均匀性
Uniformity of interaction forces
3.092.42
脱耦面积占比
Percentage of decoupling area /%
2420.36
), ArticleFig(id=1241029750752342772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029733115294687, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

两种平板激振性能对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价指标
Evaluation indicators
铝合金整体平板
Aluminum monolithic integral plate
工字钢平板
I-beam plate
能量下传率
Energy down-transfer rate/%
3.944.14
地表接触中心点位移振幅
Ground surface contact center point displacement amplitude/mm
0.5430.661
互作用力振幅
Interaction force amplitude/kN
229.566262.542
互作用力失真度
Interaction force distortion degree /%
26.0930.14
互作用力均匀性
Uniformity of interaction forces
3.092.42
脱耦面积占比
Percentage of decoupling area /%
2420.36
), ArticleFig(id=1241029750844617464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029733115294687, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Mass and stiffness of different types of flat plates

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 Title铝合金整体平板
Aluminum monolithic integral plate
16Mn-工字钢平板
16Mn-I-beam plate
20a-工字钢平板
20a-octagonal I-beam plate
20a-八边形工字钢平板
20a-octagonal I-beam plate
22a-八边形工字钢平板
22a-octagonal I-beam plate
质量 Mass/kg975.04533614.46533.47574.23
刚度 Stiffness/(kN·m2)2 665.813 106.015 524.514 796.386 269.03
), ArticleFig(id=1241029750941086459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029733115294687, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同类型平板的质量和刚度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 Title铝合金整体平板
Aluminum monolithic integral plate
16Mn-工字钢平板
16Mn-I-beam plate
20a-工字钢平板
20a-octagonal I-beam plate
20a-八边形工字钢平板
20a-octagonal I-beam plate
22a-八边形工字钢平板
22a-octagonal I-beam plate
质量 Mass/kg975.04533614.46533.47574.23
刚度 Stiffness/(kN·m2)2 665.813 106.015 524.514 796.386 269.03
), ArticleFig(id=1241029751020778237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029733115294687, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Excitation performance comparison of BV500 type vibrators using different types of I-beam plates

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
平板类型
Plate Type
能量下传率
Energy down-transfer rate/%
地表接触中心位移振幅
Ground surface contact center displacement amplitude/mm
互作用力振幅
Interaction force amplitude/kN
互作用力失真度
Interaction force distortion degree/%
互作用力均匀性
Uniformity of interaction forces
脱耦面积占比
Percentage of decoupling area/%
“工字钢-20a”平板
"I-beam-20a" plate
4.150.676260.99428.812.7918.42
“八边形工字钢-20a”平板
"Octagonal I-beam-20a" plate
4.190.723265.47831.113.0417.52
“八边形工字钢-22a”平板
"Octagonal I-beam-22a" plate
4.010.660257.40431.111.8816.34
), ArticleFig(id=1241029751121441540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029733115294687, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

BV500型振动器采用不同型号工字钢平板激振性能对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
平板类型
Plate Type
能量下传率
Energy down-transfer rate/%
地表接触中心位移振幅
Ground surface contact center displacement amplitude/mm
互作用力振幅
Interaction force amplitude/kN
互作用力失真度
Interaction force distortion degree/%
互作用力均匀性
Uniformity of interaction forces
脱耦面积占比
Percentage of decoupling area/%
“工字钢-20a”平板
"I-beam-20a" plate
4.150.676260.99428.812.7918.42
“八边形工字钢-20a”平板
"Octagonal I-beam-20a" plate
4.190.723265.47831.113.0417.52
“八边形工字钢-22a”平板
"Octagonal I-beam-22a" plate
4.010.660257.40431.111.8816.34
), ArticleFig(id=1241029751201133315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029733115294687, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

Comparison of flat plate excitation performance before and after optimization

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
平板类型
Plate type
能量下传率
Energy down-transfer rate/%
地表接触中心位移振幅
Ground surface contact center displacement amplitude/mm
互作用力振幅
Interaction force amplitude/kN
互作用力失真度
Interaction force distortion degree/%
互作用力均匀性Uniformity of interaction forces脱耦面积占比
Percentage of decoupling area/%
铝合金整体平板
Aluminum monolithic integral plate
3.640.503188.87825.772.0814.28
16Mn-工字钢平板
16Mn-I-beam plate
4.140.661262.54230.142.4220.36
“八边形工字钢-20a”平板
"Octagonal I-beam-20a" plate
4.190.723265.47831.113.0417.52
), ArticleFig(id=1241029751280825093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029733115294687, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

优化前后平板激振性能对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
平板类型
Plate type
能量下传率
Energy down-transfer rate/%
地表接触中心位移振幅
Ground surface contact center displacement amplitude/mm
互作用力振幅
Interaction force amplitude/kN
互作用力失真度
Interaction force distortion degree/%
互作用力均匀性Uniformity of interaction forces脱耦面积占比
Percentage of decoupling area/%
铝合金整体平板
Aluminum monolithic integral plate
3.640.503188.87825.772.0814.28
16Mn-工字钢平板
16Mn-I-beam plate
4.140.661262.54230.142.4220.36
“八边形工字钢-20a”平板
"Octagonal I-beam-20a" plate
4.190.723265.47831.113.0417.52
), ArticleFig(id=1241029751394071304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029733115294687, language=EN, label=Tab.7, caption=

Test scheme design

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
激发方式
Excitation method
激发参数
Excitation parameters
激振地表类型
Excitation ground surface type
加载时间
Loading time t/s
接收信号类型
Receiving signal type
连续扫频
Continuous frequency sweep/Hz
3~96 Hz水泥地表激振
Concrete ground surface excitation
12近场信号 Near field signal
远场信号 Far field signal
单频率
Single frequency/Hz
低频段 Low frequency band:10、20、30 Hz
中频段 Mid frequency band:40、50、60 Hz
高频段 High frequency band:70、80、90 Hz
), ArticleFig(id=1241029751498928906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029733115294687, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

试验方案设计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
激发方式
Excitation method
激发参数
Excitation parameters
激振地表类型
Excitation ground surface type
加载时间
Loading time t/s
接收信号类型
Receiving signal type
连续扫频
Continuous frequency sweep/Hz
3~96 Hz水泥地表激振
Concrete ground surface excitation
12近场信号 Near field signal
远场信号 Far field signal
单频率
Single frequency/Hz
低频段 Low frequency band:10、20、30 Hz
中频段 Mid frequency band:40、50、60 Hz
高频段 High frequency band:70、80、90 Hz
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基于拓扑优化方法的BV500型可控震源振动器平板激振性能改善研究
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黄志强 1 , 付铭威 1 , 席御僖 2 , 李刚 1 , 王若豪 1 , 蒲伟 1
机械强度 | 优化·可靠性 2025,47(2): 75-84
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机械强度 | 优化·可靠性 2025, 47(2): 75-84
基于拓扑优化方法的BV500型可控震源振动器平板激振性能改善研究
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黄志强1 , 付铭威1, 席御僖2, 李刚1, 王若豪1, 蒲伟1
作者信息
  • 1.西南石油大学 机电工程学院,成都 610500
  • 2.中国石油集团东方地球物理公司勘探有限责任公司西南物探分公司,成都 610213
  • 黄志强,男,1968年生,四川眉山人,博士,教授;主要研究方向为石油天然气装备等;E-mail:

Study on improvement for the excitation performance of BV500 type controlled seismic source vibrator plate based on topology optimization method
Zhiqiang HUANG1 , Mingwei FU1, Yuxi XI2, Gang LI1, Ruohao WANG1, Wei PU1
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Mechatronic Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
  • 2.Southwest Geophysical Exploration Branch of BGP INC., China National Petroleum Corporation, Chengdu 610213, China
出版时间: 2025-02-15 doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.02.010
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BV500型可控震源振动器在川渝地区作业过程中,由于平板设计不合理,导致振动能量下传率低、激发信号畸变严重。因此,引入连续体拓扑优化方法,采用固体各向同性材料惩罚(Solid Istropic Material with Penalization,SIMP)模型变密度法,从降低质量和增加刚度两个方面对BV500型可控震源振动器平板进行优化设计,创新研制了一种“八边形工字钢-20a”平板。优化后平板质量减轻了45.29%,平板刚度提升了79.92%,并开展了优化前后平板激振性能研究。仿真研究结果表明,与原铝合金整体平板相比,“八边形工字钢-20a”平板的能量下传率提高了15.11%,地表接触中心点位移振幅增大了43.74%,互作用力振幅提升了40.56%。现场实验表明,“八边形工字钢-20a”平板激振时,检波器近场信号平均振动速度有效值提升了22.23%,检波器远场信号平均振动速度有效值提升了39%,规律与可控震源道路激振数值仿真模拟结论一致。“八边形工字钢-20a”平板激振性能优于原铝合金整体平板,有效改善了BV500型可控震源在川渝地区道路激振效果。

可控震源  /  振动器平板  /  激振性能  /  拓扑优化  /  振动试验

During the operation of the BV500 type controlled seismic source vibrator in Sichuan and Chongqing areas,due to the improper plate design, the vibration energy down-transfer rate is low and the excitation signal distortion is serious.Therefore, the continuum topology optimization method was introduced, and a variable density method of the solid isotropic material with penalization (SIMP) model was used to optimize the design of BV500 controlled seismic source vibrator plate from two aspects — reducing mass and increasing stiffness, and an “octagonal I-steel-20a” plate was innovatively developed.After optimization, the mass of the plate was reduced by 45.29%, and the stiffness of the plate was increased by 79.92%, the vibration performance of the plate before and after optimization is studied.The simulation results show that compared with the original aluminum alloy plate, the energy down-transfer rate of the “octagonal I-steel-20a” plate increases by 15.11%, the displacement amplitude of the ground surface contact center point increases by 43.74%, and the amplitude of the interaction force increases by 40.56%.The field experiment shows that when the “octagonal I-beam-20a” plate is excited, the effective value of the average vibration velocity of the near-field signal of the detector is increased by 22.23%, and the effective value of the average vibration velocity of the far-field signal of the detector is increased by 39%, the law is consistent with the numerical simulation conclusion of controlled seismic source road excitation.The excitation performance of the “octagonal I-beam-20a” plate is better than that of the original aluminum alloy integral plate, which effectively improves the road excitation effect of BV500 type controlled seismic source in Sichuan and Chongqing areas.

Controlled seismic source  /  Vibrator plate  /  Excitation performance  /  Topology optimization  /  Vibration test
黄志强, 付铭威, 席御僖, 李刚, 王若豪, 蒲伟. 基于拓扑优化方法的BV500型可控震源振动器平板激振性能改善研究. 机械强度, 2025 , 47 (2) : 75 -84 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.02.010
Zhiqiang HUANG, Mingwei FU, Yuxi XI, Gang LI, Ruohao WANG, Wei PU. Study on improvement for the excitation performance of BV500 type controlled seismic source vibrator plate based on topology optimization method[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength, 2025 , 47 (2) : 75 -84 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.02.010
可控震源振动器平板是振动器重要组成部分,工作过程中振动器通过平板与大地表面传递能量,其结构和性能影响振动器能量传递率和信号质量。川渝地区是我国页岩油气、天然气的主要产区[1-3],在四川盆地建设两个“气大庆”,不断提高我国页岩油气、天然气供给能力,推动碳达峰、碳中和,就必须提高川渝地区的勘探水平。川渝地区勘探作业主要在水泥道路上实施,水泥道路的特征属性对勘探质量将产生一定的影响。目前BV500型可控震源振动器平板结构在川渝地区乡村水泥道路上激振时,能量下传率大大降低,对勘探质量、勘探深度都产生了负面的影响,迫切需要开展平板结构优化设计。
国内外学者针对平板激振性能的改进研究大多通过优化平板结构或优选平板材料的方式实施。WEI等[4-6]提出振动器平板与大地之间的接触刚度以及平板本身刚度对耦合条件有很大影响,若要改善平板变形问题,需要加强刚度,使用弹性模量高的材料或者改变平板的结构。BROOK等[7]通过将平板结构设计为椭圆形,在上、下板面间固定有3个倒扣的铁锅状骨架,此结构能够提高平板的刚度,从而增加能量下传率。为均匀分布振动器所施加的输出力,WEI等[8-9]研制了振动器新型平板,优选碳纤维等复合非金属材料,使得平板刚度增加,减小谐波干扰。针对平板中心受力过大,出现的脱耦现象,郝磊[10]在KZ-28型可控震源振动器平板的基础上增大原有活塞杆底座的翼缘,通过在翼缘上设计减重槽,减轻平板质量。此外,丁雅萍[11]设计了一种新的平板结构,从而使得平板质量下降,但平板刚度也有影响,难点在于找到两者的平衡点。提高能量传递率的主要途径是减小平板的耗能以及系统的内能[12-13],主要从减小平板质量和增加平板刚度两个方面来实施。然而,上述研究中均未同时考虑平板的刚度和质量来优化平板结构,使平板受力更加均匀,提高输出信号品质。
本文以BV500型可控震源振动器平板为研究对象,同时考虑平板质量和刚度两个方面开展可控震源振动器平板拓扑优化,设计了一种新型平板结构,运用数值仿真模拟与振动实验方法对比分析研究。
可控震源振动器中许多局部结构对整体的动力学仿真影响不大,故对以上局部结构进行了简化,如图1所示。同时为了尽可能准确地表征川渝地区的乡村道路,建立的道路尺寸为20 m×3.5 m×0.22 m,建立的大地尺寸为20 m×10 m×10 m[14]
振动器在工作时,平板、道路和大地的变形均处于弹性变形阶段,因此将平板、道路和大地的材料选择弹性材料,如表1所示。铝合金整体平板选用铝合金材料,工字钢平板选用16Mn钢,道路材料选择混凝土,大地材料选择硬质土和砂岩,活塞杆、立柱和底座等平板以上结构采用45钢。
大地、道路、平板和顶板等立方体构件采用六面体网格,同时平板与道路、道路与大地的接触部分也是六面体网格,活塞杆、立柱和立柱底座等异形构件采用四面体网格,在保证计算精度的同时也减少了计算时间。
由BV500型可控震源振动器工作原理可知,振动器在工作中会受到静载荷和动载荷两种载荷:静载荷是可控震源车与重锤的压重;动载荷是液压油周期性的液压力。本文仿真将液压油的输出高压换算成力信号进行加载。
静载荷如图2(a)所示,白色箭头表示重锤压重,黑色箭头表示的力是100%的整车压重通过6个空气弹簧均匀作用于振动器平板。动载荷如图2(b)所示,作用于活塞杆凸台上、下两个端面处,信号频率为50 Hz,峰值力大小为154 kN。
可控震源振动器在震动时,大地的位移量很小,因此在大地的底面和4个侧面施加完全固定约束,对大地底面和4个侧面施加无反射边界条件[15]
利用波速理论计算值[16]与仿真模型波速进行对照,对所建立的可控震源道路激振仿真模型进行验证。
纵波波速计算式为
将大地模型材料属性参数代入式(1)计算得出的理论波速为2 724.532 m/s,再根据仿真模型分别提取大地表面接触中心a点和b点的节点位移数据,如图3所示,应力波在铅垂方向下传播1 m对应的响应时间为0.34 ms,从而得到仿真模型波速为2 944.098 m/s。
将仿真波速分别与理论波速计算值进行对比分析,如表2所示。由表2可知,仿真波速与理论计算波速的契合度较高。
绘制大地模型在不同弹性模量时纵波波速对比图,如图4所示,建立的仿真模型中纵波波速与理论纵波波速基本一致,最大相对误差值为7.458%,说明该仿真模型准确性较高。
传统震源使用的是工字钢平板,即采用多条16号工字钢焊接成型,而BV500型可控震源主要采用的是铝合金整体平板,即采用一整块铝合金一体成型,结构制造简单。但是,铝合金整体平板存在下传信号畸变以及能量下传率低等问题,迫切需要开展平板结构优化设计,以得到一种传递信号质量好、能量传递率高的平板。
结合川渝地区乡村水泥道路的特征和物探作业对可控震源激发性能的要求,从激振强度和激发信号质量两个方面来对可控震源在川渝地区乡村道路上的激振性能进行评价,结果对比如表3所示。
1)激振强度。用能量下传率反映重锤输出能量经平板和大地下传大地的能量占比,用地表接触中心点振幅反映大地表面中心点位移振幅,用互作用力振幅反映平板与道路的互作用力。
2)激发信号质量。用互作用力失真度反映激发信号的畸变情况,用脱耦面积占比反映平板与道路的脱耦情况,用互作用力均匀性反映平板与道路的接触情况。
表3可以看出,工字钢平板对比铝合金整体平板在川渝地区乡村水泥道路上的激振效果有所提升,但是相较于一般道路,能量下传率较低、脱耦面积占比较大;在川渝地区乡村水泥道路上整体激振效果相对较差,依然存在平板下传信号畸变以及能量下传率低等问题。
工字钢平板的变形云图如图5所示,最大变形量为1.051 mm,最小变形发生于平板4个边角区域,最小变形量为0.032 42 mm。平板激振时4个角缺少压重,与平板中心区域变形幅度差异较大,不利于可控震源输出高质量信号,迫切需要开展平板结构优化设计,以此来得到一种传递信号质量好、能量传递率高的平板结构。
目前主要有三大优化技术:尺寸优化、形状优化和拓扑优化。相对于尺寸优化和形状优化,拓扑优化具有更多的设计自由度,能够在固定的优化设计空间内,找到满足各种性能条件的最佳材料分布路径,从而得到质量最轻的设计方案[17]。因此,本文采用拓扑优化技术对平板开展优化研究。
运用拓扑优化设计方法,寻求最佳的平板结构,提升振动能量下传率,降低信号畸变。在对工字钢平板进行合理的优化设计时,需要进行合理有效的优化设置,根据工字钢平板提高能量传递率的主要途径是减小平板的耗能以及系统的内能,即减轻平板质量和提高平板刚度。
变密度法是处理连续体拓扑优化最常用的方法之一[18-20],以有限元单元的材料相对密度为优化设计变量,其中最为常用的是固体各向同性材料惩罚模型(Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization,SIMP)。一般地,需要在选定材料后进行拓扑优化,故在变密度法中定义如下表达式:
式中,Ei为计算刚度矩阵时的弹性模型;ρxi)为单元材料相对密度;E0为材料本身的弹性模量;p为惩罚因子(一般取值为3)。
在可控震源振动器平板拓扑优化中:①优化目标是平板结构刚度最大;②设计变量是平板中每个单元材料的密度;③约束条件是平板约束设计域体积分数小于30%。
结合有限元数值方法,将结构离散为n个单元,将密度函数离散为一个N维向量,假设该向量为
式中,xi为单元i的伪密度值,表述每个单元材料有无,xi=0代表没有材料,xi=1代表有材料。
式中,Vi为第i个单位体积;V0为平板结构体积;f为体积分数比上限;xmin为极小的正数,避免有限元计算中刚度矩阵奇异性;KU=F为有限元平衡方程,K为结构总体刚度矩阵,U为结构总体位移向量,F为结构总体载荷向量。
可控震源振动器平板拓扑优化中优化目标为平板结构刚度最大化,可将此优化问题转换为平板结构柔顺度最小化问题,即将式(4)中的目标函数设置为
式中,ui为第i个单元的位移向量;k0为平板结构的单元刚度矩阵。
以平板柔顺度作为目标函数,使用16Mn钢作为平板材料,平板约束设计域体积分数上限为30%。采用SIMP优化算法,在静载荷和动载荷作用下得到如图6所示工字钢平板拓扑优化结果。图6中,橙色区域为可去除的部分,颜色较浅区域为过渡的部分,灰色区域是需要保留的部分。
该结果表明:①拓扑优化去除的材料主要分布在工字钢平板非主要承载的4个边角区域;②拓扑优化后工字钢平板质量减轻了约30%,但平板刚度有一定降低。
根据拓扑优化结果,结合平板安装要求,在保证平板工作性能前提下,对其进行模型修整,得到八边形工字钢平板结构,如图7所示。
同时,为了增加平板刚度,选用不同型号工字钢进行设计,其参数如表4所示。
表4可以看出,20a-工字钢和20a、22a-八边形工字钢在具有较小质量的同时,具有较大的刚度,尤其是20a-八边形工字钢平板,与16Mn-工字钢平板质量相近,但平板刚度增加了54.42%。
为了选择出最合适的材料进行工字钢平板的设计,基于20a和22a号工字钢材料,对BV500型振动器采用不同类型工字钢平板进行激振性能对比,如表5所示。
为了更直观地对比3种不同类型平板的激振效果,以“工字钢-20a”平板为标准,考查“八边形工字钢-20a”平板和“八边形工字钢-22a”平板在水泥道路上6个评价指标的相对比例,如图8图9所示。其中,将脱耦面积占比、互作用力均匀性和互作用力失真度的相对比例取倒数处理[21],这样可以使得每个评价指标均是越大越好。
可控震源采用不同型号工字钢平板激振时的激振效果变化规律如下:
1)从不同类型工字钢激振强度来看,“八边形工字钢-20a”平板的能量下传率为4.19%、地表接触中心位移振幅为0.723 mm、互作用力振幅为265.478 kN,均优于“工字钢-20a”平板和“八边形工字钢-22a”平板。
2)从不同类型工字钢激发信号质量来看,“工字钢-20a”平板的互作用力失真度较好,“八边形工字钢-22a”平板的互作用力均匀性较好,“八边形工字钢-20a”平板和“八边形工字钢-22a”平板的脱耦面积较小。
3)综合来看,“八边形工字钢-20a”平板的综合性能最好。
对比3种优化平板激振性能,优选出综合性能的平板——“八边形工字钢-20a”平板,并与铝合金整体平板和“工字钢-16Mn”平板激振性能对比分析,如表6所示。
将采用3种不同类型平板BV500型可控震源在水泥道路上的6个评价指标的相对比例绘制成雷达图,进行对比分析。以铝合金整体平板为标准,考查“工字钢-16Mn”平板和“八边形工字钢-20a”平板在水泥道路上的6个评价指标的相对比例,如图10所示。
图10可以直观地看出,“八边形工字钢-20a”平板的能量下传率、地表接触中心位移振幅和互作用力振幅均优于“工字钢-16Mn”平板和铝合金整体平板,在脱耦面积占比、互作用力均匀性和互作用力失真度方面稍劣于铝合金整体平板,但“八边形工字钢-20a”平板脱耦面积占比优于“工字钢-16Mn”平板。
为了进一步验证优化后平板实际激振效果,设计在水泥地表进行BV500型可控震源-铝合金整体平板和“八边形工字钢-20a”平板路面振动试验。如图11所示,图11(a)所示为铝合金整体平板,图11(b)所示为“八边形工字钢-20a”平板,研究优化前后平板实际激振情况。
将震源车位于水泥路面,检波器垂直排布于水泥路面,如图12所示,开展水泥路面激振实验。本文将距离震源车20 m以内的检波器所接收信号称为近场信号,距离震源车20 m以外的检波器所接收信号称为远场信号。
本试验采用连续扫频和单频率两种加载方式,连续扫频的扫频范围为3~96 Hz,扫频时间为12 s;单频率激发从10 Hz依次增加到90 Hz[22-23],试验方案如表7所示。
为表征平板的激发效果,引入振动速度有效值或称均方根(Root Mean Square, RMS)这一评价标准[24],表示加载过程中振动能量的大小:
式中,vRMS为振动速度有效值;i为第i个时间点;N为离散时间点数;x为第i个点时的振动速度。
图13所示为3~96 Hz连续扫频加载过程中检波器振动速度随时间变化曲线,其中红色曲线表示优化前老平板激振时检波器振动速度,蓝色曲线表示优化后新平板激振时检波器振动速度。
图13可以看出,在3~96 Hz连续扫频加载过程中,新老平板激振时检波器振动趋势一致,新平板激振时检波器振动速度峰值明显优于老平板,且集中于中、高频段。
在水泥地表下的近场信号中,新平板激振时检波器振动速度有效值为205.14 mm/s,老平板激振时检波器振动速度有效值为152.88 mm/s,提升了34.18%;远场信号中,新平板激振时检波器振动速度有效值为1.61 mm/s,老平板激振时检波器振动速度有效值为1.33 mm/s,提升了17.39%。
图14~图16所示为单频率加载过程中检波器振动速度随时间变化曲线。由图14~图16可以看出,在单频率加载过程中,新老平板激振时检波器振动趋势一致,但新平板激振时检波器振动速度峰值明显优于老平板。其中,图14所示为低频段,图15所示为中频段,图16所示为高频段。
近场信号中,30 Hz加载下新平板激振时检波器振动速度有效值优化效果最佳,优于老平板54.4%;远场信号中,20 Hz加载下新平板激振时检波器振动速度有效值优化效果最佳,优于老平板36.58%。
近场信号中,40 Hz加载下新平板激振时检波器振动速度有效值优化效果最佳,优于老平板20.17%;远场信号中,50 Hz加载下新平板激振时检波器振动速度有效值优化效果最佳,优于老平板86.30%。
近场信号中,80 Hz加载下新平板激振时检波器振动速度有效值优化效果最佳,优于老平板42.99%;远场信号中,70 Hz加载下新平板激振时检波器振动速度有效值优化效果最佳,优于老平板96%。
总体上看,节点所测扫频数据与单频激发数据规律基本一致,“八边形工字钢-20a”平板较于铝合金整体平板在水泥地表激振时,检波器近场信号平均振动速度有效值提升了22.23%,检波器远场信号平均振动速度有效值提升了39%,检波器振动速度有效值平均提升了约30.62%。
为提高BV500型可控震源振动器平板激振性能,本文提出以振动器平板质量与刚度为优化目标,采用拓扑优化方法进行结构优化设计,通过减轻平板质量,增加平板刚度,提高了平板激振性能,得到以下结论:
1)创新设计了一种新型“八边形工字钢-20a”平板。相较于原铝合金整体平板,“八边形工字钢-20a”平板质量减轻了45.29%,刚度提高了79.96%。
2)开展了“八边形工字钢-20a”平板的激振性能仿真研究。与原铝合金整体平板相比,“八边形工字钢-20a”平板的能量下传率提高了15.11%,地表接触中心点位移振幅增大了43.74%,互作用力振幅提升了40.56%,综合激振效果较好。平板振动试验结果表明,“八边形工字钢-20a”平板相较于原铝合金整体平板在水泥地表激振时,检波器振动速度有效值平均提升了约30.62%。
3)平板振动试验结果与可控震源道路激振数值仿真模拟结论规律一致。设计的“八边形工字钢-20a”平板激振性能优于原铝合金整体平板,提升了BV500型可控震源振动器在川渝地区水泥道路激振效果,表明平板质量和刚度对平板激振性能具有重要影响,为开展可控震源振动器平板设计提供了思路。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(41902326)
  • 四川省科学与技术项目(22GJHZ0284)
  • 南充市-西南石油大学市校科技战略合作专项(SXHZ048)
  • 企业横向合作项目(JSTKY-22-002)
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2025年第47卷第2期
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doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.02.010
  • 接收时间:2023-05-30
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-02-15
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  • 收稿日期:2023-05-30
  • 修回日期:2023-06-27
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41902326)
国家自然科学基金项目(41902326)
Sichuan Science and Technology Project(22GJHZ0284)
四川省科学与技术项目(22GJHZ0284)
Nanchong-Southwest University of Petroleum City-School Science and Technology Strategic Cooperation Special Project(SXHZ048)
南充市-西南石油大学市校科技战略合作专项(SXHZ048)
Enterprise Horizontal Cooperation Project(JSTKY-22-002)
企业横向合作项目(JSTKY-22-002)
作者信息
    1.西南石油大学 机电工程学院,成都 610500
    2.中国石油集团东方地球物理公司勘探有限责任公司西南物探分公司,成都 610213
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jxqd/CN/10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.02.010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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