Article(id=1241029730544177549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, issueId=1241029724655383270, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.02.018, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1688227200000, receivedDateStr=2023-07-02, revisedDate=1694620800000, revisedDateStr=2023-09-14, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773814144979, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1739548800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773814144979, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773814144979, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773814144979, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241029724655383270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, year='2025', volume='47', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='158', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773814143575, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773840259815, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241139264176574915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, issueId=1241029724655383270, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241139264176574916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, issueId=1241029724655383270, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=147, endPage=158, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241029730783252879, articleId=1241029730544177549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, language=EN, title=Research on joint motion control for multi-degree-of-freedom manipulator, columnId=1241029728077935367, journalTitle=Journal of Mechanical Strength, columnName=Optimization∙Reliability, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The structure of the manipulator has the characteristics of high nonlinearity and strong coupling, and high-precision motion control is a hot topic of concern for scholars.The AR4 manipulator was used as the research object to systematically analyze the forward and inverse kinematics that greatly impact the control of the manipulator, determining the manipulator’s corresponding structural parameters.And the D-H method was used to solve the numerical calculation model of the manipulator forward and inverse kinematics.The cubic spline interpolation algorithm was used to optimize the manipulator's jitter phenomenon in the joint space.In Cartesian space planning, the linear interpolation method was used to reduce the end effector’s motion distance.The specific planning points were obtained by Matlab simulation, meeting the design requirements.Finally, the SolidWorks was used to establish a three-dimensional model of the manipulator and generate an unified robot description formatc (URDF) model.The actual trajectory of the manipulator in joint and Cartesian space was planned according to MoveIt, and through RViz, the movement process was displayed.The results show that after adding the cubic spline interpolation algorithm, the joint motors of the manipulator can maintain stable operation, and the joint trajectory curvature is respectively reduced by 15.4%, 35.6%, 21.3%, 26.8%, 18.98% and 45.7%, which effectively solves the jitter vibration problem during joint movement and achieves smooth motion of the manipulator.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
MA Qinglu, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Meiqiang LI, Qinglu MA, Hao YAN, Tengwei YU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241029744133723034, articleId=1241029730544177549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, language=CN, title=多自由度机械臂关节运动控制研究, columnId=1241029728593834783, journalTitle=机械强度, columnName=设计·计算, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

机械臂结构具有高度非线性和强耦合等特点,高精度运动控制一直是国内外学者关注的热点问题。以AR4机械臂为研究对象,对机械臂控制影响较大的正、逆运动学进行系统的分析,确定机械臂相应结构参数,利用D-H法求解机械臂正、逆运动学数值计算模型。针对机械臂在空间运动中关节卡顿产生的抖动现象,采用三次样条插值算法进行优化。在笛卡儿空间规划中采用直线插补法减少末端执行器运动距离,通过Matlab仿真得出具体规划点,满足设计要求。最后,利用SolidWorks建立机械臂的三维模型并生成统一机器人描述格式(Unified Robot Description Format,URDF)模型,使用MoveIt进行实际机械臂在关节空间和笛卡儿空间的轨迹规划,通过RViz展示运动过程。试验结果表明,加入三次样条插值算法后,机械臂关节电动机能够保持稳定的运转,相对于无三次样条插值算法,关节轨迹曲率分别降低了15.4%、35.6%、21.3%、26.8%、18.98%和45.7%,有效解决了关节运动过程中的抖振问题,实现了机械臂平稳运动。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
马庆禄(通信作者),男,1980年生,陕西渭南人,博士,教授;主要研究方向为智能交通、隧道安全;E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=pKWYchYJxqStRd8scL4CVA==, magXml=fdwE5G0C/fzZ2ZKivIYU5g==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=YnAXRNBE6cJKd5hl5jPhzQ==, pdfFileSize=17502164, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=I7gBqtUmU0HIFevjHtqYhA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=dTLPifVPgUSDoUrYc06QhQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

李美强,男,1996年生,四川达州人,硕士研究生;主要研究方向为机械臂控制与运动规划;E-mail:

, authorsList=李美强, 马庆禄, 闫浩, 余腾伟)}, authors=[Author(id=1241029745995994046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=1904621608@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241029746138600396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, authorId=1241029745995994046, language=EN, stringName=Meiqiang LI, firstName=Meiqiang, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.School of Traffic and Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241029746226680785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, authorId=1241029745995994046, language=CN, stringName=李美强, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.重庆交通大学 交通运输学院,重庆 400074, bio={"content":"

李美强,男,1996年生,四川达州人,硕士研究生;主要研究方向为机械臂控制与运动规划;E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

李美强,男,1996年生,四川达州人,硕士研究生;主要研究方向为机械臂控制与运动规划;E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241029744351826858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241029744360215468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, companyId=1241029744351826858, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Traffic and Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241029744368604077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, companyId=1241029744351826858, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.重庆交通大学 交通运输学院,重庆 400074)])]), Author(id=1241029746310566871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=mql360@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241029746415424480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, authorId=1241029746310566871, language=EN, stringName=Qinglu MA, firstName=Qinglu, middleName=null, lastName=MA, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.School of Traffic and Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241029746524476390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, authorId=1241029746310566871, language=CN, stringName=马庆禄, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.重庆交通大学 交通运输学院,重庆 400074, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241029744351826858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241029744360215468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, companyId=1241029744351826858, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Traffic and Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241029744368604077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, companyId=1241029744351826858, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.重庆交通大学 交通运输学院,重庆 400074)])]), Author(id=1241029746616751085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241029746742580210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, authorId=1241029746616751085, language=EN, stringName=Hao YAN, firstName=Hao, middleName=null, lastName=YAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.School of Traffic and Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241029746847437817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, authorId=1241029746616751085, language=CN, stringName=闫浩, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.重庆交通大学 交通运输学院,重庆 400074, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241029744351826858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241029744360215468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, companyId=1241029744351826858, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Traffic and Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241029744368604077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, companyId=1241029744351826858, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.重庆交通大学 交通运输学院,重庆 400074)])]), Author(id=1241029746948100096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241029747048763398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, authorId=1241029746948100096, language=EN, stringName=Tengwei YU, firstName=Tengwei, middleName=null, lastName=YU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.School of Mechantronics and Vehicle Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241029747157815309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, authorId=1241029746948100096, language=CN, stringName=余腾伟, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.重庆交通大学 机电与车辆工程学院,重庆 400074, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241029745874359221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241029745882747830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, companyId=1241029745874359221, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.School of Mechantronics and Vehicle Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241029745891136439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, companyId=1241029745874359221, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.重庆交通大学 机电与车辆工程学院,重庆 400074)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1241029747275255827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=Six-degree-of-freedom manipulator), Keyword(id=1241029747359141913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=Forward and inverse kinematics), Keyword(id=1241029747484971038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=Cubic spline interpolation), Keyword(id=1241029747556274210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=Motion control), Keyword(id=1241029747656937511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=六自由度机械臂), Keyword(id=1241029747736629293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=正逆运动学), Keyword(id=1241029747837292595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=三次样条插值), Keyword(id=1241029747933761591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=运动控制)], refs=[Reference(id=1241029753247944949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=49, issue=3, pageStart=25, pageEnd=29, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=陈超, 陈贺贺, 武姝婷, journalName=机床与液压, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈超,陈贺贺,武姝婷,等.工业机器人机械臂的结构优化[J].机床与液压202149(3):25-29., articleTitle=工业机器人机械臂的结构优化, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241029753306665208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=49, issue=3, pageStart=25, pageEnd=29, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=CHEN Chao, CHEN Hehe, WU Shuting, journalName=Machine Tool & Hydraulics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN ChaoCHEN Hehe WU Shuting,et al. Structural optimization of industrial robot manipulator[J]. Machine Tool & Hydraulics202149(3):25-29.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Structural optimization of industrial robot manipulator, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241029753369579770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=51, issue=1, pageStart=16, pageEnd=21, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=万珍平, 罗钊, 陆龙生, journalName=华南理工大学学报(自然科学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=万珍平,罗钊,陆龙生,等.关节角参数化结合接近矢量可行方向的五自由度机械臂逆运动学求解[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版)202351(1):16-21., articleTitle=关节角参数化结合接近矢量可行方向的五自由度机械臂逆运动学求解, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241029753428300030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=51, issue=1, pageStart=16, pageEnd=21, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=3, authorNames=WAN Zhenping, LUO Zhao, LU Longsheng, journalName=Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition), refType=null, unstructuredReference=WAN ZhenpingLUO ZhaoLU Longsheng,et al. Inverse kinematics solution of 5-DOF manipulator via joint angle parameterization and feasible direction of approach vector[J].Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition)202351(1):16-21.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Inverse kinematics solution of 5-DOF manipulator via joint angle parameterization and feasible direction of approach vector, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241029754913083647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=26, issue=8, pageStart=1566, pageEnd=1571, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=4, authorNames=顾大可, 唐重建, journalName=控制工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=顾大可,唐重建.三连杆机械臂控制系统设计的参数化方法[J].控制工程201926(8):1566-1571., articleTitle=三连杆机械臂控制系统设计的参数化方法, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241029755017941250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=26, issue=8, pageStart=1566, pageEnd=1571, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=5, authorNames=GU Dake, TANG Chongjian, journalName=Control Engineering of China, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GU DakeTANG Chongjian.Three-link robot control system design based on parametric solutions[J].Control Engineering of China201926(8):1566-1571.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Three-link robot control system design based on parametric solutions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241029755089244420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=18, issue=20, pageStart=275, pageEnd=280, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=6, authorNames=夏细明, journalName=科学技术与工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=夏细明.多自由度机器人机械手腕关节柔顺控制方法[J].科学技术与工程201818(20):275-280., articleTitle=多自由度机器人机械手腕关节柔顺控制方法, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241029755168936200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=18, issue=20, pageStart=275, pageEnd=280, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=7, authorNames=XIA Ximin, journalName=Science Technology and Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIA Ximin.Compliance control method of robot wrist joint in multi degree of freedom robot[J].Science Technology and Engineering201818(20):275-280.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Compliance control method of robot wrist joint in multi degree of freedom robot, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241029755231850760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=51, issue=6, pageStart=709, pageEnd=714, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=8, authorNames=李元春, 宋扬, 赵博, journalName=上海交通大学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李元春,宋扬,赵博.环境约束可重构机械臂模块化力/位置控制[J].上海交通大学学报201751(6):709-714., articleTitle=环境约束可重构机械臂模块化力/位置控制, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241029755286376714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=51, issue=6, pageStart=709, pageEnd=714, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=9, authorNames=LI Yuanchun, SONG Yang, ZHAO Bo, journalName=Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI YuanchunSONG YangZHAO Bo.Modular position/force control for environmental constrained reconfigurable manipulator[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University201751(6):709-714.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Modular position/force control for environmental constrained reconfigurable manipulator, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241029755357679885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=29, issue=9, pageStart=59, pageEnd=61, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=10, authorNames=徐学义, journalName=工业控制计算机, refType=null, unstructuredReference=徐学义.基于ANN-VRFT的机械臂位置控制[J].工业控制计算机201629(9):59-61., articleTitle=基于ANN-VRFT的机械臂位置控制, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241029755445760271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=29, issue=9, pageStart=59, pageEnd=61, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=11, authorNames=XU Xueyi, journalName=Industrial Control Computer, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XU Xueyi.Position control of manipulator based on ANN-VRFT[J].Industrial Control Computer201629(9):59-61.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Position control of manipulator based on ANN-VRFT, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241029755525452049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=41, issue=4, pageStart=433, pageEnd=438, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=12, authorNames=赵韩, 赵福民, 黄康, journalName=合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=赵韩,赵福民,黄康,等.基于Udwadia-Kalaba理论的机械臂位置控制[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版)201841(4):433-438., articleTitle=基于Udwadia-Kalaba理论的机械臂位置控制, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241029755605143827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=41, issue=4, pageStart=433, pageEnd=438, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=13, authorNames=ZHAO Han, ZHAO Fumin, HUANG Kang, journalName=Jour-nal of Hefei University of Technology(Natural Science), refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHAO HanZHAO FuminHUANG Kang,et al. Position control of mechanical manipulator based on Udwadia-Kalaba theory[J].Jour-nal of Hefei University of Technology(Natural Science)201841(4):433-438.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Position control of mechanical manipulator based on Udwadia-Kalaba theory, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241029755684835605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=39, issue=6, pageStart=846, pageEnd=853, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=14, authorNames=刘杰, 历飞雨, journalName=机电工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘杰,历飞雨.基于弹性关节的二自由度机械臂建模与控制研究[J].机电工程202239(6):846-853., articleTitle=基于弹性关节的二自由度机械臂建模与控制研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241029755743555863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=39, issue=6, pageStart=846, pageEnd=853, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=15, authorNames=LIU Jie, LI Feiyu, journalName=Journal of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU JieLI Feiyu.Modeling and control of 2-DOF robot arm based on elastic joint[J].Journal of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering202239(6):846-853.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Modeling and control of 2-DOF robot arm based on elastic joint, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241029755844219162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=40, issue=11, pageStart=46, pageEnd=50, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=16, authorNames=宁海成, journalName=机械与电子, refType=null, unstructuredReference=宁海成.基于非线性微分方程的机械臂运动位置控制方法[J].机械与电子202240(11):46-50., articleTitle=基于非线性微分方程的机械臂运动位置控制方法, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241029755902939421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=40, issue=11, pageStart=46, pageEnd=50, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=17, authorNames=NING Haicheng, journalName=Machinery & Electronics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NING Haicheng.Position control method of manipulator arm movement based on nonlinear differential equation[J].Machinery & Electronics202240(11):46-50.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Position control method of manipulator arm movement based on nonlinear differential equation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241029755957465374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=12, issue=23, pageStart=91, pageEnd=98, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=18, authorNames=梁艳芳, 杨永明, 胡云飞, journalName=科技创新与应用, refType=null, unstructuredReference=梁艳芳,杨永明,胡云飞,等.基于改进滑膜控制器的机械臂力/位混合控制研究[J].科技创新与应用202212(23):91-98., articleTitle=基于改进滑膜控制器的机械臂力/位混合控制研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241029756032962849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=12, issue=23, pageStart=91, pageEnd=98, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=19, authorNames=LIANG Yanfang, YANG Yongming, HU Yunfei, journalName=Technology Innovation and Application, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIANG YanfangYANG YongmingHU Yunfei,et al. Research on hybrid control of mechanical arm force/position based on improved synovial controller[J].Technology Innovation and Application202212(23):91-98.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Research on hybrid control of mechanical arm force/position based on improved synovial controller, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241029756091683107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=42, issue=2, pageStart=82, pageEnd=90, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=20, authorNames=戚毅凡, 贾英宏, 赵宝山, journalName=中国空间科学技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=戚毅凡,贾英宏,赵宝山,等.基于改进神经网络的空间机械臂阻抗控制方法[J].中国空间科学技术202242(2):82-90., articleTitle=基于改进神经网络的空间机械臂阻抗控制方法, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241029756167180582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=42, issue=2, pageStart=82, pageEnd=90, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=21, authorNames=QI Yifang, JIA Yinghong, ZHAO Baoshan, journalName=Chin-ese Space Science and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=QI YifangJIA YinghongZHAO Baoshan,et al. Impedance control of space manipulator based on improved neural network[J].Chin-ese Space Science and Technology202242(2):82-90.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Impedance control of space manipulator based on improved neural network, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241029756267843880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=35, issue=2, pageStart=382, pageEnd=388, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=22, authorNames=黄自鑫, 赖旭芝, 王亚午, journalName=控制与决策, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黄自鑫,赖旭芝,王亚午,等.基于轨迹规划的平面三连杆欠驱动机械臂位置控制[J].控制与决策202035(2):382-388., articleTitle=基于轨迹规划的平面三连杆欠驱动机械臂位置控制, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241029756351729963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=35, issue=2, pageStart=382, pageEnd=388, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=23, authorNames=HUANG Zixin, LAI Xuzhi, WNG Yawu, journalName=Control and Decision, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HUANG ZixinLAI XuzhiWNG Yawu,et al. Position control of planar three-link underactuated manipulator based on trajectory planning[J].Control and Decision202035(2):382-388.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Position control of planar three-link underactuated manipulator based on trajectory planning, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241029756431421742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=51, issue=2, pageStart=116, pageEnd=121, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=24, authorNames=郑先杰, 丁萌, 武海雷, journalName=华中科技大学学报(自然科学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=郑先杰,丁萌,武海雷,等.线驱连续型机械臂无模型自适应控制[J].华中科技大学学报(自然科学版)202351(2):116-121., articleTitle=线驱连续型机械臂无模型自适应控制, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241029756527890736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=51, issue=2, pageStart=116, pageEnd=121, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=25, authorNames=ZHENG Xianjie, DING Meng, WU Hailei, journalName=Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition), refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHENG XianjieDING MengWU Hailei,et al. Model-free adaptive control of cable-driven continuum manipulator[J].Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition)202351(2):116-121.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Model-free adaptive control of cable-driven continuum manipulator, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241029756611776818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=18, issue=3, pageStart=242, pageEnd=247, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=26, authorNames=段纯, 顾建华, journalName=中国工程机械学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=段纯,顾建华.基于逆动力学的机械臂鲁棒位置控制方法的设计[J].中国工程机械学报202018(3):242-247., articleTitle=基于逆动力学的机械臂鲁棒位置控制方法的设计, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241029756674691380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=18, issue=3, pageStart=242, pageEnd=247, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=27, authorNames=DUAN Chun, GU Jianhua, journalName=Chinese Jour-nal of Construction Machinery, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DUAN ChunGU Jianhua.Design of robust position control method for manipulator based on inverse dynamics shift[J].Chinese Jour-nal of Construction Machinery202018(3):242-247.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Design of robust position control method for manipulator based on inverse dynamics shift, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241029756766966070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=39, issue=3, pageStart=265, pageEnd=271, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=28, authorNames=倪杭, 王贺升, 陈卫东, journalName=机器人, refType=null, unstructuredReference=倪杭,王贺升,陈卫东.基于软体机器人冗余自由度的实时避障位置控制[J].机器人201739(3):265-271., articleTitle=基于软体机器人冗余自由度的实时避障位置控制, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241029756846657848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=39, issue=3, pageStart=265, pageEnd=271, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=29, authorNames=NI Hang, WANG Hesheng, CHEN Weidong, journalName=Robot, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NI HangWANG HeshengCHEN Weidong.Real-time obstacle avoidance and position control for a soft robot based on its redundant freedom[J].Robot201739(3):265-271.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Real-time obstacle avoidance and position control for a soft robot based on its redundant freedom, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241029756947321146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=48, issue=8, pageStart=113, pageEnd=120, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=30, authorNames=赵寅甫, 冯正勇, journalName=计算机工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=赵寅甫,冯正勇.基于深度强化学习的机械臂控制快速训练方法[J].计算机工程202248(8):113-120., articleTitle=基于深度强化学习的机械臂控制快速训练方法, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241029757027012924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=48, issue=8, pageStart=113, pageEnd=120, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=31, authorNames=ZHAO Yinfu, FENG Zhengyong, journalName=Computer Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHAO YinfuFENG Zhengyong.Fast training method for manipulator control based on deep reinforcement learning[J].Computer Engineering202248(8):113-120.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Fast training method for manipulator control based on deep reinforcement learning, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241029757106704702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=8, pageStart=39, pageEnd=45, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=32, authorNames=谭丹丹, journalName=现代制造工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=谭丹丹.基于自适应变阻抗的工业机器人双机械臂控制[J].现代制造工程2022(8):39-45., articleTitle=基于自适应变阻抗的工业机器人双机械臂控制, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241029757211562304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=8, pageStart=39, pageEnd=45, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=33, authorNames=TAN Dandan, journalName=Modern Manufacturing Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TAN Dandan.Control for industrial robot twin-manipulator based on adaptive variable impedance[J].Modern Manufacturing Engineering2022(8):39-45.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Control for industrial robot twin-manipulator based on adaptive variable impedance, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241029757282865474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=34, issue=9, pageStart=1208, pageEnd=1214, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=34, authorNames=李树荣, 尹怀强, journalName=控制理论与应用, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李树荣,尹怀强.具有时滞的柔性关节多机械臂协同自适应位置/力控制[J].控制理论与应用201734(9):1208-1214., articleTitle=具有时滞的柔性关节多机械臂协同自适应位置/力控制, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241029757362557251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=34, issue=9, pageStart=1208, pageEnd=1214, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=35, authorNames=LI Shurong, YIN Huaiqiang, journalName=Control Theory & Applications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI ShurongYIN Huaiqiang.Adaptive position/force control for coordinated multiple flexible-joint manipulators with time delay[J].Control Theory & Applications201734(9):1208-1214.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Adaptive position/force control for coordinated multiple flexible-joint manipulators with time delay, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241029757433860420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=412, issue=null, pageStart=532, pageEnd=550, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=36, authorNames=FRANCESCHETTI A, TOSELLO E, CASTAMAN N, journalName=Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FRANCESCHETTI ATOSELLO ECASTAMAN N,et al. Robotic arm control and task training through deep reinforcement learning[J].Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems2022412:532-550., articleTitle=Robotic arm control and task training through deep reinforcement learning, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241029757509357893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=34, issue=16, pageStart=79, pageEnd=84, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=37, authorNames=陈志勇, 陈力, journalName=振动与冲击, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈志勇,陈力.柔性关节空间双臂机器人奇异摄动增广鲁棒自适应PD复合控制[J].振动与冲击201534(16):79-84., articleTitle=柔性关节空间双臂机器人奇异摄动增广鲁棒自适应PD复合控制, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241029757597438279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=34, issue=16, pageStart=79, pageEnd=84, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=38, authorNames=CHEN Zhiyong, CHEN Li, journalName=Journal of Vibration and Shock, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN ZhiyongCHEN Li.Singular perturbation augmented robust adaptive PD composite control for flexible-joint dual-arm space robot[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock201534(16):79-84.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Singular perturbation augmented robust adaptive PD composite control for flexible-joint dual-arm space robot, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241029757685518664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=58, issue=4, pageStart=1371, pageEnd=1384, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=39, authorNames=BIGLARBEGIAN M, MELEK W W, MENDEL J M, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BIGLARBEGIAN MMELEK W WMENDEL J M. Design of novel interval type-2 fuzzy controllers for modular and reconfigurable robots:theory and experiments[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics201158(4):1371-1384., articleTitle=Design of novel interval type-2 fuzzy controllers for modular and reconfigurable robots:theory and experiments, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241029757752627528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=48, issue=7, pageStart=125, pageEnd=140, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=40, authorNames=刘伟东, 宁汝新, 刘检华, journalName=机械工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘伟东,宁汝新,刘检华,等.基于偏差有向图和D-H方法的产品装配精度预测技术[J].机械工程学报201248(7):125-140., articleTitle=基于偏差有向图和D-H方法的产品装配精度预测技术, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241029757832319306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=48, issue=7, pageStart=125, pageEnd=140, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=41, authorNames=LIU Weidong, NING Ruxin, LIU Jianhua, journalName=Journal of Mechanical Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU WeidongNING RuxinLIU Jianhua,et al. Precision predicting based on directed deviation graph modeling and D-H methodology[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering201248(7):125-140.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Precision predicting based on directed deviation graph modeling and D-H methodology, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241029757924593994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=42, issue=1, pageStart=68, pageEnd=73, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=42, authorNames=李珺茹, 齐立群, 韩文波, journalName=长春理工大学学报(自然科学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=李珺茹,齐立群,韩文波.六自由度机械臂运动学分析与轨迹优化[J].长春理工大学学报(自然科学版)201942(1):68-73., articleTitle=六自由度机械臂运动学分析与轨迹优化, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241029759392600395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=42, issue=1, pageStart=68, pageEnd=73, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=43, authorNames=LIU Junru, QI Liqun, HAN Wenbo, journalName=Journal of Changchun University of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition), refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU JunruQI LiqunHAN Wenbo.Kinematics analysis and trajectory optimization of six degree of freedom manipulator[J].Journal of Changchun University of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition)201942(1):68-73.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Kinematics analysis and trajectory optimization of six degree of freedom manipulator, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241029752757211359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, awardId=CELTEAR-KFKT-202301, language=EN, fundingSource=Open Project of Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Traffic Engineering Application Robot in 2022(CELTEAR-KFKT-202301), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241029752841097443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, awardId=CELTEAR-KFKT-202301, language=CN, fundingSource=交通工程应用机器人重庆市工程实验室2022年度开放课题(CELTEAR-KFKT-202301), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241029752899817704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, awardId=52072054, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation Project(52072054), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241029752971120873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, awardId=52072054, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(52072054), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241029753050812652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, awardId=cstc2021jscx-cylh0026, language=EN, fundingSource=Special Key Project of Chongqing Technological Innovation and Application Development(cstc2021jscx-cylh0026), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241029753134698735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, awardId=cstc2021jscx-cylh0026, language=CN, fundingSource=重庆市技术创新与应用发展专项重点项目(cstc2021jscx-cylh0026), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241029744351826858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241029744360215468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, companyId=1241029744351826858, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Traffic and Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241029744368604077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, companyId=1241029744351826858, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.重庆交通大学 交通运输学院,重庆 400074)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241029745874359221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241029745882747830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, companyId=1241029745874359221, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.School of Mechantronics and Vehicle Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241029745891136439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, companyId=1241029745874359221, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.重庆交通大学 机电与车辆工程学院,重庆 400074)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241029748059590719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=AR4 manipulator and motion diagram, figureFileSmall=4sKiiqvPbm+QOt8kz7Uwsg==, figureFileBig=I7gBqtUmU0HIFevjHtqYhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241029748151865412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, language=CN, label=图1, caption=AR4机械臂实体与运动示意图, figureFileSmall=4sKiiqvPbm+QOt8kz7Uwsg==, figureFileBig=I7gBqtUmU0HIFevjHtqYhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241029748365774925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Flow chart of kinematics solution, figureFileSmall=1tYnMw35MNgCNCCBPeJWcA==, figureFileBig=h9/GWR0jFM3xkxKqC8hEWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241029748441272402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, language=CN, label=图2, caption=运动学求解过程, figureFileSmall=1tYnMw35MNgCNCCBPeJWcA==, figureFileBig=h9/GWR0jFM3xkxKqC8hEWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241029748533547096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Linear interpolation in Cartesian space, figureFileSmall=647xziWcMkmy7YWWbyU1Eg==, figureFileBig=S83vMCCcC75BtirFhP82xg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241029748625821790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, language=CN, label=图3, caption=笛卡儿空间直线插补, figureFileSmall=647xziWcMkmy7YWWbyU1Eg==, figureFileBig=S83vMCCcC75BtirFhP82xg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241029748730679396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=SolidWorks model of AR4 manipulator, figureFileSmall=ihTfNi3tsQ0EJoqwDpJbAg==, figureFileBig=LAlvNy5AXAKagJeQpVGBLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241029748818759785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, language=CN, label=图4, caption=AR4机械臂SolidWorks模型, figureFileSmall=ihTfNi3tsQ0EJoqwDpJbAg==, figureFileBig=LAlvNy5AXAKagJeQpVGBLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241029748902645869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Parent-child relationship between connecting rods, figureFileSmall=koUZCB4M1HN5H5iJ3Md0Xw==, figureFileBig=vc/PVXDrY4N+6CXizsJxtg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241029750412595315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, language=CN, label=图5, caption=连杆之间的父子关系, figureFileSmall=koUZCB4M1HN5H5iJ3Md0Xw==, figureFileBig=vc/PVXDrY4N+6CXizsJxtg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241029750496481402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=URDF model file, figureFileSmall=tY8FfQOYdTpFw4s4/ZKNUw==, figureFileBig=3VpwmLP9CcADZWnK+PjdcA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241029750576173186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, language=CN, label=图6, caption=URDF模型文件, figureFileSmall=tY8FfQOYdTpFw4s4/ZKNUw==, figureFileBig=3VpwmLP9CcADZWnK+PjdcA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241029750660059268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=MoveIt starts the manipulator, figureFileSmall=iLYLE/Vt3E5SFxoz9fFstg==, figureFileBig=25mtY1ZRcqo5zEZd7NAdEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241029750748139656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, language=CN, label=图7, caption=MoveIt启动机械臂, figureFileSmall=iLYLE/Vt3E5SFxoz9fFstg==, figureFileBig=25mtY1ZRcqo5zEZd7NAdEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241029750890745997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=MoveIt controls the manipulator, figureFileSmall=tcFe1FfIN4ttfbhtQvkx1A==, figureFileBig=PJ0KNyboVu3M6lMQijvKNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241029750987214995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, language=CN, label=图8, caption=MoveIt控制机械臂, figureFileSmall=tcFe1FfIN4ttfbhtQvkx1A==, figureFileBig=PJ0KNyboVu3M6lMQijvKNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241029751058518168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Test of linear and cubic spline interpolations, figureFileSmall=vanuKmjFHJO/Q4IEZ+UAPw==, figureFileBig=EcT+pr5CoQnIha9rigfO/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241029751117238428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, language=CN, label=图9, caption=直线插补与三次样条值试验, figureFileSmall=vanuKmjFHJO/Q4IEZ+UAPw==, figureFileBig=EcT+pr5CoQnIha9rigfO/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241029751192735905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Angle,velocity and acceleration curves of the manipulator, figureFileSmall=gQSib/Oh6fEXPVuzrNgLyQ==, figureFileBig=Di+jQi2nD1Y6bv6kkGZk6g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241029751276621989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, language=CN, label=图10, caption=机械臂的角度、速度和加速度曲线, figureFileSmall=gQSib/Oh6fEXPVuzrNgLyQ==, figureFileBig=Di+jQi2nD1Y6bv6kkGZk6g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241029751394062507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Comparison of joint path curvature, figureFileSmall=8TuQs+uTNLEM7vEuNKCeug==, figureFileBig=BccTt8HsVQ+45rAhp0Q2VA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241029751498920114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, language=CN, label=图11, caption=关节路径曲率对比, figureFileSmall=8TuQs+uTNLEM7vEuNKCeug==, figureFileBig=BccTt8HsVQ+45rAhp0Q2VA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241029751603777720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Comparison between cubic spline interpolation and noninterpolating algorithms, figureFileSmall=lyEzpt0YT+LJU5cThj1b9Q==, figureFileBig=4YC663C5A/g6hhaCv23V6A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241029751708635325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, language=CN, label=图12, caption=三次样条插值与无插值算法对比, figureFileSmall=lyEzpt0YT+LJU5cThj1b9Q==, figureFileBig=4YC663C5A/g6hhaCv23V6A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241029751826075841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Curvature error of six joints, figureFileSmall=dQkqdbBv2aECGG3vjSr9LQ==, figureFileBig=M9/o/v69nYRsgqAJ2C9hwQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241029751939322053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, language=CN, label=图13, caption=六关节曲率误差, figureFileSmall=dQkqdbBv2aECGG3vjSr9LQ==, figureFileBig=M9/o/v69nYRsgqAJ2C9hwQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241029752035791049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

D-H parameter of the manipulator

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
iθi/(°)di/mmai/mmαi/(°)γi/(°)
1010010090-180~+180
2901303340-115~+115
30030090-90~+90
402670-90-180~+180
50011090-135~+135
60-5000-180~+180
), ArticleFig(id=1241029752258089162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

机械臂D-H参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
iθi/(°)di/mmai/mmαi/(°)γi/(°)
1010010090-180~+180
2901303340-115~+115
30030090-90~+90
402670-90-180~+180
50011090-135~+135
60-5000-180~+180
), ArticleFig(id=1241029752367141073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

URDF basic grammar

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
命令 Command语法 Grammar
机械臂命名
Naming of manipulator
<robot name="**">
连杆定义
Link definition
<link name="link**">
关节定义
Joint definition
<joint name="joint**" type="**">
父连接定义
Parent connection definition
<parent link="link**">
子连接定义
Sub connection definition
<child link="link**">
), ArticleFig(id=1241029752476192978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

URDF基本语法

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
命令 Command语法 Grammar
机械臂命名
Naming of manipulator
<robot name="**">
连杆定义
Link definition
<link name="link**">
关节定义
Joint definition
<joint name="joint**" type="**">
父连接定义
Parent connection definition
<parent link="link**">
子连接定义
Sub connection definition
<child link="link**">
), ArticleFig(id=1241029752547496149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Maximum chang value of each indicator

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
关节Jointθ/(°)v/[(°)/s]a/[(°)/s2]k
129.2780.8-0.979.05
228.8180.6-0.758.86
365.6780.75-0.6119.9
451.5890.25-0.6215.95
5-71.4890.840.522.2
619.3450.4-0.576.84
), ArticleFig(id=1241029752631382234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1241029730544177549, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

各个指标变化最大值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
关节Jointθ/(°)v/[(°)/s]a/[(°)/s2]k
129.2780.8-0.979.05
228.8180.6-0.758.86
365.6780.75-0.6119.9
451.5890.25-0.6215.95
5-71.4890.840.522.2
619.3450.4-0.576.84
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1227999351742652416, delFlag=0, nameCn=机械强度, nameEn=Journal of Mechanical Strength, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1001-9669, eissn=null, cn=41-1134/TH, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=9ETNXOzwmuGm49pLRqXxWw==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Journal of Mechanical Strength, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1770707460585, updatedTime=1770707700588, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=J, firstLetterEn=J, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=9ETNXOzwmuGm49pLRqXxWw==, picEn=sS2ogjwdwM8GMbFtuWTIkA==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1228000358505578506, language=CN, name=机械强度, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1770707700611, updatedTime=1770707700611, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-jxqd-author&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fjxqd.portal.founderss.cn%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=aa1eff81-489d-4951, submissionEditorUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-portal&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fjournal.portal.founderss.cn%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=df5d5e38-1d45-4fcd-b, submissionReviewUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-jxqd-author&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fjxqd.portal.founderss.cn%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=49f73d27-439e-4d5b, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1228000358551715851, language=EN, name=Journal of Mechanical Strength, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1770707700622, updatedTime=1770707700622, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-jxqd-author&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fjxqd.portal.founderss.cn%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=aa1eff81-489d-4951, submissionEditorUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-portal&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fjournal.portal.founderss.cn%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=df5d5e38-1d45-4fcd-b, submissionReviewUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-jxqd-author&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fjxqd.portal.founderss.cn%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=49f73d27-439e-4d5b, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1227999626482147330, websiteList=[Website(id=1228000871984853626, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1227999626482147330, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jxqd/CN, language=CN, createTime=1770707823034, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1770707851936, updateBy=18614031015, name=机械强度-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=机械强度, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1228001259580486284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1228000871984853626, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1770707915444, updateTime=1770707915444, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1228001259555320457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1228000871984853626, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1770707915438, updateTime=1770707915438, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1228001259605652111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1228000871984853626, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1770707915450, updateTime=1770707915450, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1228001259542737544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1228000871984853626, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jxqd/CN/file/pic?fileId=wrginrTxTIens2Yn6gXaKA==, createTime=1770707915435, updateTime=1770707915435, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1228001259622429329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1228000871984853626, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1770707915454, updateTime=1770707915454, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1228001259572097675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1228000871984853626, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jxqd/CN/file/pic, createTime=1770707915442, updateTime=1770707915442, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1228001259614040720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1228000871984853626, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1770707915452, updateTime=1770707915452, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1228001259567903370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1228000871984853626, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1770707915441, updateTime=1770707915441, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1228001259588874893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1228000871984853626, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1770707915446, updateTime=1770707915446, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1228001259597263502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1228000871984853626, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1770707915448, updateTime=1770707915448, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1228000872056156796, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1227999626482147330, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jxqd/EN, language=EN, createTime=1770707823051, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1770707871019, updateBy=18614031015, name=机械强度-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Journal of Mechanical Strength, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1228001314525868694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1228000872056156796, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1770707928544, updateTime=1770707928544, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1228001314504897171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1228000872056156796, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1770707928539, updateTime=1770707928539, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1228001314542645913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1228000872056156796, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1770707928548, updateTime=1770707928548, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1228001314496508562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1228000872056156796, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jxqd/EN/file/pic?fileId=wrginrTxTIens2Yn6gXaKA==, createTime=1770707928537, updateTime=1770707928537, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1228001314555228827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1228000872056156796, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1770707928551, updateTime=1770707928551, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1228001314517480085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1228000872056156796, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jxqd/EN/file/pic, createTime=1770707928542, updateTime=1770707928542, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1228001314551034522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1228000872056156796, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1770707928550, updateTime=1770707928550, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1228001314513285780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1228000872056156796, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1770707928541, updateTime=1770707928541, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1228001314530062999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1228000872056156796, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1770707928545, updateTime=1770707928545, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1228001314538451608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1228000872056156796, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1770707928547, updateTime=1770707928547, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=机械强度, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://www.jxqd.net.cn/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Journal of Mechanical Strength, journalPhotoCn=9ETNXOzwmuGm49pLRqXxWw==, journalPhotoEn=sS2ogjwdwM8GMbFtuWTIkA==, journalFirstLetter=J, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jxqd/CN/10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.02.018, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jxqd/EN/10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.02.018, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jxqd/CN/PDF/10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.02.018, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jxqd/EN/PDF/10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.02.018, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
多自由度机械臂关节运动控制研究
收藏切换
PDF下载
李美强 1 , 马庆禄 1 , 闫浩 1 , 余腾伟 2
机械强度 | 设计·计算 2025,47(2): 147-158
收起
收藏切换
机械强度 | 设计·计算 2025, 47(2): 147-158
多自由度机械臂关节运动控制研究
全屏
李美强1 , 马庆禄1 , 闫浩1, 余腾伟2
作者信息
  • 1.重庆交通大学 交通运输学院,重庆 400074
  • 2.重庆交通大学 机电与车辆工程学院,重庆 400074
  • 李美强,男,1996年生,四川达州人,硕士研究生;主要研究方向为机械臂控制与运动规划;E-mail:

通讯作者:

马庆禄(通信作者),男,1980年生,陕西渭南人,博士,教授;主要研究方向为智能交通、隧道安全;E-mail:
Research on joint motion control for multi-degree-of-freedom manipulator
Meiqiang LI1 , Qinglu MA1 , Hao YAN1, Tengwei YU2
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Traffic and Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
  • 2.School of Mechantronics and Vehicle Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
出版时间: 2025-02-15 doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.02.018
文章导航
收藏切换

机械臂结构具有高度非线性和强耦合等特点,高精度运动控制一直是国内外学者关注的热点问题。以AR4机械臂为研究对象,对机械臂控制影响较大的正、逆运动学进行系统的分析,确定机械臂相应结构参数,利用D-H法求解机械臂正、逆运动学数值计算模型。针对机械臂在空间运动中关节卡顿产生的抖动现象,采用三次样条插值算法进行优化。在笛卡儿空间规划中采用直线插补法减少末端执行器运动距离,通过Matlab仿真得出具体规划点,满足设计要求。最后,利用SolidWorks建立机械臂的三维模型并生成统一机器人描述格式(Unified Robot Description Format,URDF)模型,使用MoveIt进行实际机械臂在关节空间和笛卡儿空间的轨迹规划,通过RViz展示运动过程。试验结果表明,加入三次样条插值算法后,机械臂关节电动机能够保持稳定的运转,相对于无三次样条插值算法,关节轨迹曲率分别降低了15.4%、35.6%、21.3%、26.8%、18.98%和45.7%,有效解决了关节运动过程中的抖振问题,实现了机械臂平稳运动。

六自由度机械臂  /  正逆运动学  /  三次样条插值  /  运动控制

The structure of the manipulator has the characteristics of high nonlinearity and strong coupling, and high-precision motion control is a hot topic of concern for scholars.The AR4 manipulator was used as the research object to systematically analyze the forward and inverse kinematics that greatly impact the control of the manipulator, determining the manipulator’s corresponding structural parameters.And the D-H method was used to solve the numerical calculation model of the manipulator forward and inverse kinematics.The cubic spline interpolation algorithm was used to optimize the manipulator's jitter phenomenon in the joint space.In Cartesian space planning, the linear interpolation method was used to reduce the end effector’s motion distance.The specific planning points were obtained by Matlab simulation, meeting the design requirements.Finally, the SolidWorks was used to establish a three-dimensional model of the manipulator and generate an unified robot description formatc (URDF) model.The actual trajectory of the manipulator in joint and Cartesian space was planned according to MoveIt, and through RViz, the movement process was displayed.The results show that after adding the cubic spline interpolation algorithm, the joint motors of the manipulator can maintain stable operation, and the joint trajectory curvature is respectively reduced by 15.4%, 35.6%, 21.3%, 26.8%, 18.98% and 45.7%, which effectively solves the jitter vibration problem during joint movement and achieves smooth motion of the manipulator.

Six-degree-of-freedom manipulator  /  Forward and inverse kinematics  /  Cubic spline interpolation  /  Motion control
李美强, 马庆禄, 闫浩, 余腾伟. 多自由度机械臂关节运动控制研究. 机械强度, 2025 , 47 (2) : 147 -158 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.02.018
Meiqiang LI, Qinglu MA, Hao YAN, Tengwei YU. Research on joint motion control for multi-degree-of-freedom manipulator[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength, 2025 , 47 (2) : 147 -158 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.02.018
随着科学技术发展,多自由度机械臂位置控制技术也在不断进步,与机械臂相关的工业制造,医疗技术与生产劳动行业对机械臂位置控制能力提出了更高的要求[1],高精度的机械臂位置准确控制对于生产生活具有重要意义[2]
近年来,国内外学者针对机械臂位置控制展开研究并取得一系列成果[3]。夏细明[4]针对机械臂腕关节控制灵活性差的问题,采用比例-微分控制方法来提高机械臂控制灵活性。李元春等[5]为了解决受环境因素干扰的机械臂系统,提出了一种自适应神经网络控制方法。这一方法的核心在于使用雅可比矩阵将末端执行器的力投影到各个关节上,同时引入了滑模控制项,以保证系统的闭环稳定性。自适应神经网络根据环境变化自动调整控制策略,提高了机械臂系统的鲁棒性。徐学义[6]对机械臂控制提出基于反向传播(Back Propagation,BP)神经网络的虚拟参考反馈方法控制策略,虚拟反馈方法负责理想控制器的输入输出数据,BP神经网络负责辨识理想控制器。赵韩等[7]使用Udwadia和Kalaba的分析方法,得到控制电动机的转矩,从而实现对机械臂位置的控制,该方法的计算复杂度低。刘杰等[8]设计一种双回路控制方案,解决弹性关节控制性能差的问题,内环采用自适应控制器应对参数不确定性,外环采用模糊比例积分控制器减小外部干扰对负载的影响。该方案能有效维持机械臂的状态。宁海成[9]为解决机械臂控制能力差的问题,引入了非线性微控制方法,构建全面的机械臂运动控制模型。这一方法具备高度精确的位置控制能力,在复杂工作场景时有卓越的表现。梁艳芳等[10]针对机械臂外界环境干扰出现控制精度低的问题,在两个不同的控制方向上应用不同的滑模控制器,该方法能使系统的响应速度得到一定的提高。戚毅凡等[11]针对在未知环境下容易出现机械臂柔顺控制问题,提出改进的神经网络阻抗控制策略,利用粒子群优化网络权值矩阵,并设计阻抗控制器,该控制器的抗干扰力较强。黄自鑫等[12]针对三连杆机械臂中间关节欠驱动问题,提出基于轨迹规划的末端点位置控制策略,利用差分方法计算关节与目标点的角度,采用双向法规划驱动连杆的运动轨迹。郑先杰等[13]针对多关节机械臂控制的复杂性,将机械臂的复杂非线性模型等价为增量式线性模型,为高效而精确的控制奠定了基础,设计了一种自适应控制方法,借助雅可比矩阵末端控制器,能够智能地适应机械臂系统在不同工作情境下的变化,确保系统在执行任务时保持闭环稳定性,所提出的算法能够满足机械臂稳定控制的要求。段纯等[14]针对在未知环境下容易出现机械臂柔顺控制问题,设计逆动力学控制器,利用反演滑模控制获得电动机转矩控制函数,并将转矩与当前信息相结合来精确控制机械臂。倪杭等[15]针对机械臂控制时候存在障碍物的问题,设计实时位置控制的算法,在障碍物周围划分位置警戒区,设置两种运动策略分别针对末端有障碍物和末端无障碍物的情况,该方法在机械臂末端有障碍物时表现良好,能及时避开障碍物。赵寅甫等[16]针对机械臂在生产中的训练时间较长的问题,提出基于深度学习的机械臂动作训练方法,该方法将训练分为简化2D模型训练和复杂3D模型训练,设置不同的奖励函数和状态向量,大幅缩短了机械臂动作训练时间。谭丹丹[17]提出自适应变阻抗控制算法,将机械臂的受力分为环境外力和自身的内力,并针对内外力设计了对应的变阻抗控制算法实现对机械臂位置的同时控制。李树荣等[18]针对机械臂长期运行后齿轮间隙扩大使得系统控制性能降低的问题,提出自适应位置控制策略保证闭环系统的稳定性,利用包含位置误差的线性滑模项设计位置控制器。FRANCESCHETTI等[19]使用深度神经网络对机械臂进行任务训练,相对于其他方法而言,该方法在控制精度方面表现出更高的水平,还能够在更短的时间内完成训练。CHEN等[20]利用柔性补偿奇异摄动技术,解决机械臂柔性关节控制问题,建立奇异摄动校正模型。该模型可有效补偿和校正柔性关节,提高机械臂控制精度和稳定性。BIGLARBEGIAN等[21]针对多关节的机械臂轨迹跟踪出现失败的问题,提出区间二型TSK(Takagi、Sugeno、Kang)模糊控制方法,该方法能够提高机械臂轨迹跟踪的性能。
上述研究在很大程度上提高了机械臂的运动控制水平,针对AR4机械臂在空间位置控制中存在抖动现象,在关节空间中采用三次样条插值算法进行优化,对机械臂的正运动学与逆运动学理论进行分析,确定AR4机械臂的结构参数,根据D-H(Denavit-Hartenberg)方法确定机械臂的正运动学与逆运动学计算模型。利用SolidWorks建立机械臂三维模型,使用sw2urdf插件将机械臂转换为统一机器人描述格式(Unified Robot Description Format,URDF)模型,实现MoveIt控制机械臂。在关节空间和笛卡儿空间分别使用三次样条曲线插补算法和直线插补法进行优化,使机械臂在位置控制中能保持连续平稳运转,减少末端执行器运动距离,解决控制过程中的抖振问题。
针对AR4六自由度机械臂进行研究,总共由6个关节组成,且各个关节均为旋转关节。图1为AR4机械臂和每个关节运动示意图。AR4机械臂质量为15 kg,垂直运动距离为824 mm,水平运动距离为933 mm,末端最大负载为2 kg,工作半径最大可以达到565 mm。
通过D-H法可以建立AR4机械臂的关节坐标系[22],根据AR4机械臂的参数和D-H坐标系,可以得到对应的D-H参数表,如表1所示。
表1中,θi为机械臂连杆转角;di为相邻两个连杆的距离;ai为两个关节的连杆长度;αi为当前关节连杆相对上个关节连杆的扭角;γi为电动机关节角的转动范围。机械臂的正运动学是指根据给定的关节角度和位姿,通过关节的移动和旋转计算末端执行器的位置和姿态。相反地,机械臂的逆运动学是指在已知末端位姿的条件下,推导计算每个关节电动机的角度。在逆运动学求解中,可以选择最优解中的一组解。运动学求解的流程和步骤如图2所示。
获取了机械臂的6个关节角度数值后,可以采用连杆法来解决末端执行器的姿态问题。具体的计算如下:
式中,RZθ)为关节绕Z轴旋转的转角;TZdi)为关节在Z轴的平移变换;TXai)为关节在X轴的平移;Rxαi)为关节绕x轴旋转的转角。为了简化表达,令ci=cos θi;si=sin θi;cij=cos(θi+θj);sij=sin(θi+θj);
式(1)中,
根据以上矩阵变化,可以得到连杆变化通用矩阵,为
结合表1和式(1),可以计算出各个连杆的变换矩阵,这些矩阵可以表示为
按照顺序连乘上面的矩阵,可以推导出有关末端执行器和基坐标的位置转换关系。这个位置转换关系实际上描述了机械臂末端执行器的位姿。具体而言,可以用式(8)来表达这个位姿关系。
其中,nxnynzoxoyozaxayazpxpypz的表达如式(9)所示:
通过式(9),可以准确地求解AR4机械臂的正运动学问题。将关节角分别赋值为[0,π/2,0,0,0,0]并代入式(8)时,得到结果如式(10)所示。
已知机械臂末端的空间位置,可以通过逆向求解的方法来确定各个关节角度。文中研究的AR4机械臂中,第4、5、6的关节轴线交于一点,满足Piper准则,并且存在唯一解。因此,可以先使用投影法求解第1、2、3的关节角度,然后采用解析法求解第4、5、6关节角度。末端执行器的姿态如式(11)所示。
则机械臂的第6关节位置为(PxPyPz),机械臂腕部到第6关节的距离为L。此外,可以确定末端坐标系的Z轴与基坐标系的XYZ轴夹角的余弦分别为axayaz。通过机械臂在XOY平面的投影,可以推导出关节1的旋转角度为tanθ1= y/x,并根据投影平方和的关系求出第3关节的角度,具体计算方法如式(12)所示。
d=267c3f=267s3+130;g=x/c1h=z-100可得到
联立式(12)、式(13)可以得到,第2关节角度为tan θ2=(gf-hd)/(gd-hf),机械臂末端姿态矩阵为。其中,为第1、2、3关节的旋转角度,则。其中,分别为的旋转因子,则可以得到:。其中,R4R5R6分别为的旋转因子,令各旋转因子角度为零,则。通过以上变换,可以进一步得到
则联立式(14)、式(15)可以得到
假设第6关节为欧拉角变换,通过依次绕XYZ轴旋转γβα角度。基于这样的变换方式,可以得到
根据式(17)可以得到
联立式(17)、式(18)可以得到第4、5、6关节的旋转角度为
至此,AR4机械臂的逆运动学求解完成。
三次样条插值是一种平滑曲线拟合的方法。它通过一系列给定的数据点,构建定义在区间[ab]上的函数Sx),使得在每个分割区间[xx+1](x为0,1,2,…,n)上,Sx)都由一个三次多项式表示。这样,函数Sx)在整个区间[ab]上是2阶可导函数。同时,在每个点x处,Sk)(x−0)的导数值与Sk)(x+0)的导数值相等,其中k表示求导的阶数(0,1,2)。因此,通过三次样条插值,可以在每个小区间[xx+1]上确定一个三次多项式来逼近数据点:
并由上述三次样条定义可确定下述方程:
在每个小区间内,Sx)都由一个三次多项式表示。因此,在n个区间Sx)存在4n个未知数。然而,通过上述表达式,已经得到了Sx)的4n−2个条件。需要添加边界条件使得三次样条插值函数有明确的定义,通常,这些区间断点的边界条件是根据实际需求确定的。
在每个小区间[xixi+1]上,函数Sx)的2阶导数Sx)''都是以线性方式变化的。将Sx)在xi处的2阶导数设为Mi,并将其在xi+1处的2阶导数设为Mi+1。接下来,对Sx)进行2阶导数运算,并对导数后的函数进行积分。通过一系列等式转换,可以得到
对式(22)求解1阶导数S΄(x),并令S΄(x)在节点xi左右两个倒数相等,可以使得S΄(x)在节点连续,则可以进一步得到
则式(23)可推导为
选用第一类边界条件S΄(x0)=y1΄,S΄(xn)=yn΄,并代入函数S΄(x)可以得到
式(25)中,α1=1,γn =1,,可以推导出其矩阵形式:
在式(26)中,矩阵具有对角线元素占优的特点,因此存在唯一解。为了求解该方程,可以采用追赶法的数值方法。通过将解代入函数Sx)中,可以得到所需三次样条插值函数。
机械臂的笛卡儿空间轨迹规划是基于末端的位置姿态,以实际需求为依据,确定机械臂末端在运动过程中的轨迹。在规划过程中,目标位置被指定,并且要求机械臂的末端按照实际要求运动,文中研究的是笛卡儿坐标系下的直线轨迹插补运动,直线插补可以减少末端运动距离[23]。假设机械臂末端以直线运动的方式从P1x1y1,z1)运动到P2x2y2z2)。在已知末端速度为v和插补时间周期为Δt的条件下,根据空间直线的长度L,可以推导出插补步长为n=L/(vΔt)和插补点数。对于直线轨迹上的第i个插补点,其位置坐标可以表示为
使用Matlab软件进行编程仿真,设定起始位置P1(0,0,0)和目标位置P2(2,2,2),并在这两个点之间进行直线轨迹插补。仿真结果如图3所示。由图3可以观察到,直线轨迹插补算法能够实现直线轨迹且插补点等距分布,符合预期要求。
URDF是一种基于可扩展标记语言(Extensible Markup Language,XML)文件规范的格式,用于描述机械臂的形状、尺寸等信息。其语法结构如表2所示。通过遵循这一规范的语法可以清晰地描述机械臂的结构和属性。
AR4六自由度机械臂共由6个关节与7个连杆组成,通过URDF语法描述比较困难,使用SolidWorks软件建立的AR4六自由度机械臂的三维模型,如图4所示。
作为SolidWorks内的一个插件,sw2urdf具备将三维模型转换为机器人操作系统(Robot Operating System,ROS)所需的URDF模型的功能,详细示意如图5所示。使用sw2urdf插件能够方便地将三维模型转换为符合URDF格式要求的模型,以满足ROS对URDF模型的需求。
使用sw2urdf插件导出模型时,需要根据实际情况确定装配体的装配关系参数,并添加适当的基本参数。成功导出后,可以使用RViz工具验证URDF模型文件的正确性。通过关节拖动检查各个关节配置是否准确无误,以确保模型的准确性。图6展示了使用RViz进行验证的示例,可以确认导出的URDF模型文件是否符合要求。
通过MoveIt的用户配置助手,可以将机械臂的URDF文件转换为MoveIt所需的语义机器人描述格式(Semantic Robot Description Format,SRDF)文件。SRDF文件使用XML格式描述,包含机器人位置、虚拟关节等信息。参数配置文件包括机械臂的关节参数等详细信息。可以创建机械臂的自碰撞矩阵,并进行连杆的冲突检测。设置采样密度为10 000,明确配置机械臂连杆的父子关系。通过指定需要一起进行动作规划的关节组,定义它们的运动规划组。这样可以确保机械臂的运动规划在避免碰撞的前提下进行。文中定义了两个运动规划组,分别是机械臂的主体部分和末端执行器。为了方便后续使用MoveIt接口进行规划,添加了一些特定位置的机械臂姿态。这样,可以直接调用这些预定义的位置来进行规划和控制,运行MoveIt.launch文件打开,MoveIt以及RViz验证MoveIt配置情况,如图7所示。
将机械臂的URDF模型导入MoveIt,生成相应的配置包。然后,通过修改配置文件,使MoveIt能够对真实机械臂进行控制。使用MoveIt控制真实机械臂的过程如图8所示。
图8中,通过在MoveIt交互界面下拖动末端执行器进行控制,真实机械臂根据MoveIt规划好的路径进行运动。为了验证三次样条函数对关节稳定性影响,在ROS平台上进行开发,编写程序来实现三次样条插补。该程序利用MoveIt发布关节数据,并通过三次样条插值的处理,将插补后的轨迹发送给下位机。为验证文中的直线插补算法有效性,在ROS上使用MoveIt的Python接口进行试验。设定初始位置为机械臂的原点,并设置3个目标位置:P1(0.2,0,0.3)、P2(0.3,0,0.3)和P3(0.3,0.1,0.3)。通过直线插补算法,实现机械臂末端执行器从P1P2再到P3的直线轨迹运动,并最终返回到P1,仿真结果如图9所示。
观察图9可发现,真实机械臂与RViz上的模型呈现一致。经过三点的轨迹为三角形,满足直线插补要求。机械臂末端执行器从A1(1.344,1.251,1.231)点沿着直线运动到A2(0.344,0.562,0.445)点。在MoveIt中进行试验,获得了关节角度θ、速度v和加速度a的变化曲线,这些曲线是通过三次样条插值计算得到的。整个运动过程的时间为6 s,试验结果如图10所示。
图10可知,AR4机械臂从A1点到A2点运行过程中,AR4机械臂的关节运行平稳,满足正弦变化,无抖动现象发生。由图10(a)可知,关节1电动机最大角度为29.278°,速度最高达到0.8 (°)/s,加速度最大值为-0.97 (°)/s2。由图10(b)可知,机械臂关节2的电动机最大角度为28.818°,速度最高达到0.6 (°)/s,加速度最大值为-0.75 (°)/s2。由图10(c)可知,关节3到达目标位置最大角度为65.678°,速度最高达到0.75 (°)/s,加速度最大值为-0.61 (°)/s2。由图10(d)可知,关节4电动机最大角度为51.589°,速度最高为0.25(°)/s,没有突然加速的情况,加速度最大值为-0.62 (°)/s2。由图10(e)可知,关节5电动机最大角度为-71.489°,速度最高达到0.84 (°)/s,加速度最大值为0.5 (°)/s2。由图10(f)可知,关节6电动机最大角度为19.345°,速度最高达到0.4 (°)/s,加速度最大值为-0.57 (°)/s2。由图10可以看出,加速度变化量最高为0.97 (°)/s2,变化值不明显,可以保证机械臂在运行过程中有较高的稳定性。
为验证增加三次样条算法的稳定性,分别用增加三次样条的算法和无三次样条插值的状态进行AR4机械臂控制验证,增加三次样条算法前后6个关节轨迹曲率k图11所示。
图11可以看出,增加三次样条插值的机械臂控制更平滑,运行轨迹更流畅;没有三次样条插值时,6个关节在运行期间都有抖动现象,关节运行不稳定。由图11(a)、图11(b)可以看出,增加三次样条插值算法、无插值算法得到的关节1轨迹曲率分别为9.05和10.7;图11(c)、图11(d)表明,增加三次样条插值算法、无插值算法得到的关节2轨迹曲率分别为8.86、13.75;图11(e)、图11(f)表明,增加三次样条插值算法、无插值算法得到的关节3轨迹曲率分别为19.9、25.3;图11(g)、图11(h)表明,增加三次样条插值算法、无插值算法得到的关节4轨迹曲率分别为15.95、21.8;图11(i)、图11(j)表明,增加三次样条插值算法、无插值算法得到的关节5轨迹曲率分别为22.2、27.4;图11(k)、图11(l)表明,增加三次样条插值算法、无插值算法得到的关节6轨迹曲率分别为6.84、12.6。
对比增加三次样条插值算法前后机械臂各个关节位置控制的分析,验证了增加三次样条插值算法后的优越性,机械臂的角度曲线对比如图12所示。
图12可以看出,机械臂从A1运行到A2的过程中,加入三次样条插值算法的机械臂运行更加平稳,各个关节角度变化曲线平顺,没有抖动与突变的情况发生;无插值算法进行机械臂控制时,各个关节在启动与接近目标位置时,都会出现明显的抖动现象。由图12(d)可以看出,在3~4 s的运行阶段,无插值算法时,关节4角度变化相比于其他关节路径较平滑,然而其他关节在整个过程中都会出现明显的抖动现象,效果较差。由图12可以看出,加入三次样条插值算法与无插值算法都能达到相同的目标位置,但是图12(f)表明,加入算法前后两种算法的起点不一样,其中无插值算法的曲线从起点出现抖动现象。加入三次样条插值算法在很大程度上改善了机械臂的控制性能,机械臂控制更平稳。
对增加三次样条插值算法机械臂不同关节的轨迹曲率k、角度θ、速度v以及加速度a进行统计分析可以得到表3
表3可知,增加三次样条插值算法后,AR4机械臂速度v、加速度a以及轨迹曲率k的变化幅度均较小,在6个关节中,速度变化最大值为0.84(°)/s,加速度变化最大值为0.97(°)/s2,轨迹曲率变化最大值为22.2。AR4六自由度机械臂每个关节变化平稳,在此基础上,使用P=(|xi-xj|/xi)×100%对6个关节的轨迹曲率k、角度θ、速度v以及加速度a进行误差分析,验证改进后路径规划的优越性。其中,R为均方根误差;P为相对误差;xi为无插值算法数值;xj为加入三次样条插值算法的数值;n为数据总量。均方根误差和相对误差分析如图13所示。
图13可以看出,增加三次样条插值算法之后,各个关节运行平稳,关节1的轨迹曲率降低了15.4%,关节2的轨迹曲率降低了35.6%,关节3的轨迹曲率降低了21.3%,关节4的轨迹曲率降低了26.8%,关节5轨迹曲率降低了18.98%,关节6的轨迹曲率降低了45.7%。由此可见,增加三次样条插值算法有效地改善了机械臂在运行过程中的稳定性,防止抖振现象发生。
对机械臂运动学进行分析并提取D-H参数,求解机械臂正、逆运动学;针对机械臂在运动过程中出现关节抖振的问题,在关节空间中加入三次样条插值算法;引入直线插补方法使机械臂在笛卡儿空间内实现直线运动,减少末端机械臂运动距离,主要结论如下:
1)利用SoildWorks建立AR4六自由度机械臂三维模型,并使用sw2sudf插件完成ROS对URDF模型的需求,基于ROS的机械臂控制系统上完成三次样条插值、直线插补法的实物平台验证。
2)在笛卡儿空间轨迹规划过程中,末端执行器运行轨迹为直线;在关节空间规划过程中,增加三次样条算法的关节曲线变化平稳、无拐点产生。
3)相对于无样条插值进行关节运动规划时,关节曲率分别降低了15.4%、35.6%、21.3%、26.8%、18.98%和45.7%,关节运动过程的平顺性显著提高,具有较高的运动稳定性。
  • 交通工程应用机器人重庆市工程实验室2022年度开放课题(CELTEAR-KFKT-202301)
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52072054)
  • 重庆市技术创新与应用发展专项重点项目(cstc2021jscx-cylh0026)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
陈超,陈贺贺,武姝婷,等.工业机器人机械臂的结构优化[J].机床与液压202149(3):25-29.
CHEN ChaoCHEN Hehe WU Shuting,et al. Structural optimization of industrial robot manipulator[J]. Machine Tool & Hydraulics202149(3):25-29.(In Chinese)
[2]
万珍平,罗钊,陆龙生,等.关节角参数化结合接近矢量可行方向的五自由度机械臂逆运动学求解[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版)202351(1):16-21.
WAN ZhenpingLUO ZhaoLU Longsheng,et al. Inverse kinematics solution of 5-DOF manipulator via joint angle parameterization and feasible direction of approach vector[J].Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition)202351(1):16-21.(In Chinese)
[3]
顾大可,唐重建.三连杆机械臂控制系统设计的参数化方法[J].控制工程201926(8):1566-1571.
GU DakeTANG Chongjian.Three-link robot control system design based on parametric solutions[J].Control Engineering of China201926(8):1566-1571.(In Chinese)
[4]
夏细明.多自由度机器人机械手腕关节柔顺控制方法[J].科学技术与工程201818(20):275-280.
XIA Ximin.Compliance control method of robot wrist joint in multi degree of freedom robot[J].Science Technology and Engineering201818(20):275-280.(In Chinese)
[5]
李元春,宋扬,赵博.环境约束可重构机械臂模块化力/位置控制[J].上海交通大学学报201751(6):709-714.
LI YuanchunSONG YangZHAO Bo.Modular position/force control for environmental constrained reconfigurable manipulator[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University201751(6):709-714.(In Chinese)
[6]
徐学义.基于ANN-VRFT的机械臂位置控制[J].工业控制计算机201629(9):59-61.
XU Xueyi.Position control of manipulator based on ANN-VRFT[J].Industrial Control Computer201629(9):59-61.(In Chinese)
[7]
赵韩,赵福民,黄康,等.基于Udwadia-Kalaba理论的机械臂位置控制[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版)201841(4):433-438.
ZHAO HanZHAO FuminHUANG Kang,et al. Position control of mechanical manipulator based on Udwadia-Kalaba theory[J].Jour-nal of Hefei University of Technology(Natural Science)201841(4):433-438.(In Chinese)
[8]
刘杰,历飞雨.基于弹性关节的二自由度机械臂建模与控制研究[J].机电工程202239(6):846-853.
LIU JieLI Feiyu.Modeling and control of 2-DOF robot arm based on elastic joint[J].Journal of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering202239(6):846-853.(In Chinese)
[9]
宁海成.基于非线性微分方程的机械臂运动位置控制方法[J].机械与电子202240(11):46-50.
NING Haicheng.Position control method of manipulator arm movement based on nonlinear differential equation[J].Machinery & Electronics202240(11):46-50.(In Chinese)
[10]
梁艳芳,杨永明,胡云飞,等.基于改进滑膜控制器的机械臂力/位混合控制研究[J].科技创新与应用202212(23):91-98.
LIANG YanfangYANG YongmingHU Yunfei,et al. Research on hybrid control of mechanical arm force/position based on improved synovial controller[J].Technology Innovation and Application202212(23):91-98.(In Chinese)
[11]
戚毅凡,贾英宏,赵宝山,等.基于改进神经网络的空间机械臂阻抗控制方法[J].中国空间科学技术202242(2):82-90.
QI YifangJIA YinghongZHAO Baoshan,et al. Impedance control of space manipulator based on improved neural network[J].Chin-ese Space Science and Technology202242(2):82-90.(In Chinese)
[12]
黄自鑫,赖旭芝,王亚午,等.基于轨迹规划的平面三连杆欠驱动机械臂位置控制[J].控制与决策202035(2):382-388.
HUANG ZixinLAI XuzhiWNG Yawu,et al. Position control of planar three-link underactuated manipulator based on trajectory planning[J].Control and Decision202035(2):382-388.(In Chinese)
[13]
郑先杰,丁萌,武海雷,等.线驱连续型机械臂无模型自适应控制[J].华中科技大学学报(自然科学版)202351(2):116-121.
ZHENG XianjieDING MengWU Hailei,et al. Model-free adaptive control of cable-driven continuum manipulator[J].Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition)202351(2):116-121.(In Chinese)
[14]
段纯,顾建华.基于逆动力学的机械臂鲁棒位置控制方法的设计[J].中国工程机械学报202018(3):242-247.
DUAN ChunGU Jianhua.Design of robust position control method for manipulator based on inverse dynamics shift[J].Chinese Jour-nal of Construction Machinery202018(3):242-247.(In Chinese)
[15]
倪杭,王贺升,陈卫东.基于软体机器人冗余自由度的实时避障位置控制[J].机器人201739(3):265-271.
NI HangWANG HeshengCHEN Weidong.Real-time obstacle avoidance and position control for a soft robot based on its redundant freedom[J].Robot201739(3):265-271.(In Chinese)
[16]
赵寅甫,冯正勇.基于深度强化学习的机械臂控制快速训练方法[J].计算机工程202248(8):113-120.
ZHAO YinfuFENG Zhengyong.Fast training method for manipulator control based on deep reinforcement learning[J].Computer Engineering202248(8):113-120.(In Chinese)
[17]
谭丹丹.基于自适应变阻抗的工业机器人双机械臂控制[J].现代制造工程2022(8):39-45.
TAN Dandan.Control for industrial robot twin-manipulator based on adaptive variable impedance[J].Modern Manufacturing Engineering2022(8):39-45.(In Chinese)
[18]
李树荣,尹怀强.具有时滞的柔性关节多机械臂协同自适应位置/力控制[J].控制理论与应用201734(9):1208-1214.
LI ShurongYIN Huaiqiang.Adaptive position/force control for coordinated multiple flexible-joint manipulators with time delay[J].Control Theory & Applications201734(9):1208-1214.(In Chinese)
[19]
FRANCESCHETTI ATOSELLO ECASTAMAN N,et al. Robotic arm control and task training through deep reinforcement learning[J].Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems2022412:532-550.
[20]
陈志勇,陈力.柔性关节空间双臂机器人奇异摄动增广鲁棒自适应PD复合控制[J].振动与冲击201534(16):79-84.
CHEN ZhiyongCHEN Li.Singular perturbation augmented robust adaptive PD composite control for flexible-joint dual-arm space robot[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock201534(16):79-84.(In Chinese)
[21]
BIGLARBEGIAN MMELEK W WMENDEL J M. Design of novel interval type-2 fuzzy controllers for modular and reconfigurable robots:theory and experiments[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics201158(4):1371-1384.
[22]
刘伟东,宁汝新,刘检华,等.基于偏差有向图和D-H方法的产品装配精度预测技术[J].机械工程学报201248(7):125-140.
LIU WeidongNING RuxinLIU Jianhua,et al. Precision predicting based on directed deviation graph modeling and D-H methodology[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering201248(7):125-140.(In Chinese)
[23]
李珺茹,齐立群,韩文波.六自由度机械臂运动学分析与轨迹优化[J].长春理工大学学报(自然科学版)201942(1):68-73.
LIU JunruQI LiqunHAN Wenbo.Kinematics analysis and trajectory optimization of six degree of freedom manipulator[J].Journal of Changchun University of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition)201942(1):68-73.(In Chinese)
2025年第47卷第2期
PDF下载
85
39
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.02.018
  • 接收时间:2023-07-02
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2025-02-15
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2023-07-02
  • 修回日期:2023-09-14
基金
Open Project of Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Traffic Engineering Application Robot in 2022(CELTEAR-KFKT-202301)
交通工程应用机器人重庆市工程实验室2022年度开放课题(CELTEAR-KFKT-202301)
National Natural Science Foundation Project(52072054)
国家自然科学基金项目(52072054)
Special Key Project of Chongqing Technological Innovation and Application Development(cstc2021jscx-cylh0026)
重庆市技术创新与应用发展专项重点项目(cstc2021jscx-cylh0026)
作者信息
    1.重庆交通大学 交通运输学院,重庆 400074
    2.重庆交通大学 机电与车辆工程学院,重庆 400074

通讯作者:

马庆禄(通信作者),男,1980年生,陕西渭南人,博士,教授;主要研究方向为智能交通、隧道安全;E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jxqd/CN/10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.02.018
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏