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Metal structures are widely used in industry. Metal structures in service are prone to crack defects under tensile and compressive fatigue load.In order to realize quantitative detection of metal structures’ crack defects, a quantitative analysis method of metal structures’ weak magnetic detection based on back propagation (BP) neural network was studied. In view of the poor effect and low efficiency of BP neural network in parameter adjustment, the improved whale optimization algorithm (IWOA) based on Sine chaotic mapping was adopted to optimize the BP neural network parameter adjustment mode,giving consideration to global optimization while improving the local optimization ability, and then the optimal parameters searched by IWOA were assigned to BP neural network, improving the quality of initial network parameters.The length, width and depth of the artificial rectangular slot were quantified by inversion. The results show that the average prediction accuracy of IWOA-BP neural network is above 80%, and the prediction accuracy of depth, length and width is improved respectively by 106.72%, 9.68% and 6.86%.

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HU Bo, E-mail:
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金属结构被广泛用于工业界,在役金属结构受拉压疲劳载荷易产生裂纹缺陷,为实现金属结构裂纹缺陷的定量化检测,研究了一种基于反向传播(Back Propagation, BP)神经网络的金属结构弱磁检测缺陷定量分析方法。针对BP神经网络在参数调整时的效果欠佳、效率低等问题,采用基于Sine混沌映射的改进鲸鱼优化算法(Improved Whale Optimization Algorithm, IWOA)对BP神经网络参数调整方式进行优化,兼顾全局寻优的同时提高局部寻优的能力,进而将IWOA搜索到的最优参数赋值给BP神经网络,提高网络初始参数的质量。以人工矩形槽模拟裂纹,对矩形槽的长度、宽度、深度进行反演定量。结果表明,IWOA-BP神经网络预测的平均精度均在80%以上,深度、长度、宽度预测精度分别提高了106.72%、9.68%、6.86%。

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胡博,女,1984年生,山东枣庄人,博士,教授;主要研究方向为电磁无损检测、电磁场数值计算;E-mail:
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樊梦,女,1998年生,江西南昌人,硕士研究生;主要研究方向为电磁无损检测信号处理;E-mail:

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樊梦,女,1998年生,江西南昌人,硕士研究生;主要研究方向为电磁无损检测信号处理;E-mail:

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language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Rectangular slot size

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试件编号
Specimen
number
缺陷编号
Defect number

Length L/mm

Width W/mm

Depth D/mm
1100.301
2100.353
3100.404
4100.452
5120.202
6120.254
7120.305
8120.353
9130.302
1
0
130.354
11130.403
12130.451
13150.23
14150.255
15150.304
16150.352
17180.252
18180.303
19180.204
20180.355
21200.401
22200.352
23200.453
24200.304
25210.352
26210.203
27210.304
28210.255
), ArticleFig(id=1240594180028821988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1240594161154454324, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

矩形槽尺寸

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件编号
Specimen
number
缺陷编号
Defect number

Length L/mm

Width W/mm

Depth D/mm
1100.301
2100.353
3100.404
4100.452
5120.202
6120.254
7120.305
8120.353
9130.302
1
0
130.354
11130.403
12130.451
13150.23
14150.255
15150.304
16150.352
17180.252
18180.303
19180.204
20180.355
21200.401
22200.352
23200.453
24200.304
25210.352
26210.203
27210.304
28210.255
), ArticleFig(id=1240594180108513768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1240594161154454324, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Defect characteristic value of specimen Ⅰ

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缺陷编号
Defect number
幅值
Amplitude
ΔB/nT
占宽
Occupying width
L/mm
面积
Area
S/(nT·mm)
最大梯度
Maximum gradient
Gmax/(nT/mm)
平均梯度
Average gradient
/(nT/mm)
4 446381.44×105459.35-46.89
6 994411.57×105894.15-30.84
9 871242.88×1032 880.9-19.14
2 752161.16×104688.051.76
), ArticleFig(id=1240594180196594155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1240594161154454324, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

试件Ⅰ缺陷特征值

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缺陷编号
Defect number
幅值
Amplitude
ΔB/nT
占宽
Occupying width
L/mm
面积
Area
S/(nT·mm)
最大梯度
Maximum gradient
Gmax/(nT/mm)
平均梯度
Average gradient
/(nT/mm)
4 446381.44×105459.35-46.89
6 994411.57×105894.15-30.84
9 871242.88×1032 880.9-19.14
2 752161.16×104688.051.76
), ArticleFig(id=1240594180276285935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1240594161154454324, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Corresponding mean square error of nodes in each hidden layer of the three prediction models

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长度预测模型
Length prediction model
宽度预测模型
Width prediction model
深度预测模型
Depth prediction model
隐含层节点数
Number of hidden layer nodes
均方误差
Mean squared error
隐含层节点数
Number of hidden layer nodes
均方误差
Mean squared error
隐含层节点数
Number of hidden layer nodes
均方误差
Mean squared error
30.28030.32430.279
40.44640.62240.277
50.21550.20250.350
60.45060.99160.302
70.63070.19070.214
80.36980.18780.222
90.85790.24190.187
1
0
0.2541
0
0.5701
0
0.236
110.291110.245110.154
120.323120.288120.567
), ArticleFig(id=1240594181740098037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1240594161154454324, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

3个预测模型各隐含层节点数对应的均方误差

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
长度预测模型
Length prediction model
宽度预测模型
Width prediction model
深度预测模型
Depth prediction model
隐含层节点数
Number of hidden layer nodes
均方误差
Mean squared error
隐含层节点数
Number of hidden layer nodes
均方误差
Mean squared error
隐含层节点数
Number of hidden layer nodes
均方误差
Mean squared error
30.28030.32430.279
40.44640.62240.277
50.21550.20250.350
60.45060.99160.302
70.63070.19070.214
80.36980.18780.222
90.85790.24190.187
1
0
0.2541
0
0.5701
0
0.236
110.291110.245110.154
120.323120.288120.567
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基于IWOA-BP算法的金属结构弱磁检测缺陷量化研究
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樊梦 1 , 童博 2 , 高晨 2 , 姚中原 3 , 张宇 3 , 胡博 1
机械强度 | ·振动·噪声·监测·诊断· 2025,47(3): 113-120
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机械强度 | ·振动·噪声·监测·诊断· 2025, 47(3): 113-120
基于IWOA-BP算法的金属结构弱磁检测缺陷量化研究
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樊梦1 , 童博2, 高晨2, 姚中原3, 张宇3, 胡博1
作者信息
  • 1.南昌航空大学 无损检测技术教育部重点实验室,南昌 330063
  • 2.西安热工研究院有限公司,西安 710054
  • 3.华能江苏清洁能源分公司,南京 210015
  • 樊梦,女,1998年生,江西南昌人,硕士研究生;主要研究方向为电磁无损检测信号处理;E-mail:

通讯作者:

胡博,女,1984年生,山东枣庄人,博士,教授;主要研究方向为电磁无损检测、电磁场数值计算;E-mail:
Quantitative study on weak magnetic detection defects of metal structure based on IWOA-BP algorithm
Meng FAN1 , Bo TONG2, Chen GAO2, Zhongyuan YAO3, Yu ZHANG3, Bo HU1
Affiliations
  • 1.Key Laboratory of Non-Destructive Testing of Ministry of Education, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
  • 2.Xi’an Thermal Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710054, China
  • 3.Jiangsu Clean Energy Branch, Huaneng Power International Inc., Nanjing 210015, China
出版时间: 2025-03-15 doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.03.014
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金属结构被广泛用于工业界,在役金属结构受拉压疲劳载荷易产生裂纹缺陷,为实现金属结构裂纹缺陷的定量化检测,研究了一种基于反向传播(Back Propagation, BP)神经网络的金属结构弱磁检测缺陷定量分析方法。针对BP神经网络在参数调整时的效果欠佳、效率低等问题,采用基于Sine混沌映射的改进鲸鱼优化算法(Improved Whale Optimization Algorithm, IWOA)对BP神经网络参数调整方式进行优化,兼顾全局寻优的同时提高局部寻优的能力,进而将IWOA搜索到的最优参数赋值给BP神经网络,提高网络初始参数的质量。以人工矩形槽模拟裂纹,对矩形槽的长度、宽度、深度进行反演定量。结果表明,IWOA-BP神经网络预测的平均精度均在80%以上,深度、长度、宽度预测精度分别提高了106.72%、9.68%、6.86%。

弱磁检测  /  金属结构  /  BP神经网络  /  鲸鱼算法  /  IWOA-BP神经网络

Metal structures are widely used in industry. Metal structures in service are prone to crack defects under tensile and compressive fatigue load.In order to realize quantitative detection of metal structures’ crack defects, a quantitative analysis method of metal structures’ weak magnetic detection based on back propagation (BP) neural network was studied. In view of the poor effect and low efficiency of BP neural network in parameter adjustment, the improved whale optimization algorithm (IWOA) based on Sine chaotic mapping was adopted to optimize the BP neural network parameter adjustment mode,giving consideration to global optimization while improving the local optimization ability, and then the optimal parameters searched by IWOA were assigned to BP neural network, improving the quality of initial network parameters.The length, width and depth of the artificial rectangular slot were quantified by inversion. The results show that the average prediction accuracy of IWOA-BP neural network is above 80%, and the prediction accuracy of depth, length and width is improved respectively by 106.72%, 9.68% and 6.86%.

Weak magnetic detection  /  Metal structure  /  BP neural network  /  Whale algorithm  /  IWOA-BP neural network
樊梦, 童博, 高晨, 姚中原, 张宇, 胡博. 基于IWOA-BP算法的金属结构弱磁检测缺陷量化研究. 机械强度, 2025 , 47 (3) : 113 -120 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.03.014
Meng FAN, Bo TONG, Chen GAO, Zhongyuan YAO, Yu ZHANG, Bo HU. Quantitative study on weak magnetic detection defects of metal structure based on IWOA-BP algorithm[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength, 2025 , 47 (3) : 113 -120 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.03.014
弱磁检测是一种基于金属材料在地磁场中产生磁化作用原理的检测方法,裂纹是一种由于空气介质取代母材介质形成非连续性结构的缺陷,空气介质与金属材料磁导率较大的差异将导致金属表面磁感应强度的突变,采用高灵敏度弱磁检测探头可捕捉到该磁感应强度的异常信号。裂纹对金属结构的剩余强度有着重要影响,对裂纹尺寸的量化结果可作为受损构件剩余强度判定的重要指标。郭萌梦等[1]训练Libsvm多分类器反演了弱磁检测信号与金属结构缺陷尺寸的关系,分类器方法在样本集内表现良好,但对于一个预测范围不在原始数据集的新样本有局限性。将量化归为回归任务可避免这种局限性,神经网络可以很好地处理回归任务。RAMUHALLI等[2]训练径向基神经网络实现了漏磁检测中矩形缺陷长度和深度的定量分析,但未对矩形缺陷的宽度定量分析。吴春笃等[3]利用反向传播(Back Propagation, BP)神经网络模拟了裂纹尖端应力场中裂纹几何参数、载荷和J积分、约束参数A2之间的非线性关系。LIU等[4]基于BP神经网络建立了磁记忆检测油气管道裂纹缺陷定量反演模型。在铝合金缺陷定量评价研究中,梁远远等[5]利用BP神经网络拟合了脉冲涡流检测信号与圆形缺陷尺寸之间的映射关系。在三维漏磁检测中,ZHANG等[6]通过训练BP神经网络对钢丝绳断丝情况进行定量检测。鉴于弱磁检测信号分析中无法获取大量的样本数据,小样本训练数据容易给神经网络的训练带造成过拟合或欠拟合的问题,BP神经网络中的梯度下降法易陷入局部最优解,不能很好地适应小样本数据集的训练预测。针对此不足,建立弱磁检测缺陷信号BP神经网络反演模型之前优化模型参数是有效的解决方法之一。
BP神经网络的优化模型已应用于定量研究工作中。XIN等[7]针对交流磁化(Alternating Current Magnetization, ACM)检测信号与管道变形因子之间的映射关系建立了麻雀搜索算法-反向传播(Sparrow Search Algorithm-Back Propagation, SSA-BP)神经网络预测模型,定量地表征了管道的变形尺寸参数。QIU等[8]利用遗传算法-反向传播(Genetic Algorithm-Back Propagation, GA-BP)神经网络实现了漏磁检测微裂纹尺寸的反演定量。MIRJALILI等[9]模拟座头鲸的捕食方式发明了鲸鱼优化算法(Whale Optimization Algorithm, WOA),WOA具有收敛速度快、寻优能力强等优点,WOA优化BP神经网络的鲸鱼优化算法-反向传播(Whale Optimization Algorithm-Back Propagation,WOA-BP)在诸多工程实际问题中展现了良好的效果。汪恩良等[10]利用WOA-BP预测超低温冻土抗压强度,较BP神经网络预测精度提高了40.37%。LIANG等[11]利用WOA-BP对磁光光纤电流传感器进行非线性补偿,比利用BP神经网络补偿电流传感器,误差降低了3.66%。马创等[12]对比分析了WOA-BP和BP神经网络用水量预测模型,结果表明,WOA-BP预测值更接近真实用水量。针对湿气管道持液率预测问题,肖荣鸽等[13]证实了WOA-BP预测精度明显优于BP神经网络和遗传算法优化的BP神经网络。为降低WOA中初始种群位置的随机性对算法寻优能力的影响,陈峥等[14]利用Tent混沌映射初始化WOA种群分布,并验证了其比未经混沌映射的WOA-BP具有更好的效果。上述研究表明,WOA-BP在多领域发挥了正向作用。目前针对BP神经网络金属结构弱磁检测裂纹缺陷定量的研究工作较少,本文从确定BP神经网络最佳隐含层节点数和利用Sine混沌映射改进的WOA优化BP神经网络[改进鲸鱼优化算法-反向传播(Improved Whale Optimization Algorithm-Back Propagation, IWOA-BP)]的权值和阈值出发,构建金属结构弱磁检测裂纹缺陷的IWOA-BP定量模型。
金属材料在地磁场环境下被磁化,磁畴排布方向一致,当材料内部存在不连续性损伤或应力时,磁畴排布方向发生改变,宏观表现在材料表面磁感应强度变化剧烈,经过缺陷的磁信号曲线将发生明显上凸形成一个波峰或下凹形成一个波谷。以镍基合金钢为例,制作7块规格为300 mm×100 mm×5 mm(长×宽×高)的含人工缺陷试件,每块试件含4个矩形槽,依次位于试件的60、120、180、240 mm处,加工尺寸如表1所示。
检测时,采用高灵敏度磁通门弱磁检测仪采集金属表面磁感应强度信号,传感器的磁感应强度测量范围为±250 000 nT,灵敏度为1 nT,采样频率为200 Hz。金属表面磁感应强度先转化成模拟信号,再经A/D转换器转换成数字信号,数字信号通过以太网传至PC端,检测结果显示在数据处理软件界面,图1(a)为检测装置示意图。
图1(b)所示,将传感器沿着试件横向中心轴线,从试件的一端匀速移动至另一端,在移动过程中磁信号曲线实时显示在PC端的软件界面,保存数据。每块试件检测两遍,最终得到56个缺陷磁信号。
图2所示为试件Ⅰ的磁信号。由图2可以看出,有4处缺陷信号,其位置与试件上的4处缺陷相对应。缺陷信号的形态类似一个“波峰”或“波谷”,围绕“波峰”或“波谷”提取缺陷的特征值。图3是单个“波峰”形的缺陷磁信号示意图,靠近缺陷,磁感应强度B迅速增强,在缺陷正上方附近B达到最大值,远离缺陷后,B迅速减弱至平稳。提取缺陷信号的幅值ΔB、缺陷信号在试件表面的占宽LBL围成的面积S、最大梯度Gmax、平均梯度作为输入层输入数据。
式中,i=2、…、aa为该段内采集的点数;ΔL为两个点之间经过试件的长度,若采样频率一定,则ΔL为一定值。
“波谷”形态缺陷特征值提取与上述方法相同。
本文采用BP神经网络建立缺陷尺寸参数预测模型,BP神经网络是一种按照误差反向传播训练的多层前馈网络,包含输入层、隐含层、输出层3种层结构,各层由若干个神经元组成。正向传播时,输入层信息通过隐含层的非线性变换产生输出信号;当输出信号与实际信号的偏差大于预先设置的训练精度时,转而进入反向传播阶段,偏差逐级向网络隐含层、输入层反向传播,调整各个神经元节点间的参数,使误差沿梯度最大方向下降;重复上述过程,直至偏差达到训练精度,训练停止[15]
以深度预测模型为例,其BP神经网络拓扑结构如图4所示[16]
BP神经网络在理论分析上可以实现该预测需求,但仍存在两点不足:
1)隐含层节点数的选择具有盲目性,可能因隐含层节点数设置不当导致预测效果不理想。
2)BP神经网络内置traingd、trainlm等算法易陷入局部最优解,使得完成预设训练次数后平均预测精度仍较低。
针对BP神经网络上述问题,通过经验公式缩小隐含层节点数范围。其表达式为
式中,m为输入层节点个数;n为输出层节点个数;a取1~10的整数;h为隐含层节点数,缩小隐含层节点数选取范围;进而采用IWOA优化网络的权值和阈值,利用 IWOA优化后的模型进行弱磁检测反演定量分析。
为改善WOA初始种群分布的非均匀性,IWOA在开始WOA迭代前采用Sine混沌映射产生种群初始位置,提高种群初始分布的均匀性和算法的全局寻优效果。Sine混沌映射数学式[17]
式中,xi为迭代序列值,i取非负整数,x0∈(0,1);μ为系统参数,μ∈[0,1],当μ∈(0.83,0.93)和μ∈(0.95,1)时出现混沌现象。
WOA是模仿座头鲸捕食策略而发明的一种元启发式算法,鲸鱼群体通过种群内部信息交流扩大捕食范围,初步锁定当前捕食目标后喷吐气泡将鱼群困在其中,通过包围上升、螺旋收缩的方式捕食泡泡网内的鱼群,继而根据种群信息接近下一个捕食目标,如图5所示[18]。鲸鱼捕食目标鱼群的行为相当于算法优化中的局部寻优,根据种群信息扩大搜索范围相当于算法优化中的全局寻优,因此鲸鱼优化算法是一种既能实现局部寻优又能兼顾全局寻优的优化算法。在进行迭代前,确定BP神经网络中需要寻优参数的个数,从而确定鲸鱼个体位置向量的维度,鲸鱼优化算法输出的个体最优位置向量即BP神经网络的最优参数。
针对BP神经网络调参效果的欠佳性,IWOA-BP神经网络通过IWOA搜索最佳权值和阈值后将其直接赋值给BP神经网络,后续BP神经网络训练时只进行微调,全过程的核心是IWOA使BP神经网络具备了更优的初始参数。
基于IWOA-BP神经网络的弱磁检测缺陷尺寸预测模型拓扑结构与图4一致。IWOA优化BP神经网络的流程如图6所示。
IWOA优化BP神经网络预测模型的具体过程如下:
1)数据归一化。样本数据量纲和数量级的差异性影响神经网络对数据分析的效果,在训练前对数据进行归一化可避免这个现象,具体方法为调用mapminmax函数将样本的输入值和输出值全部归一化到[0,1]。
2)划分训练集和测试集。样本中有若干组由缺陷特征值和对应缺陷尺寸参数组成的样本数据,按照一定的比例划分为训练集、测试集。
3)确定最佳隐含层节点数。采用式(3)筛选出10个隐含层节点个数,对比各个隐含层节点数的神经网络训练集样本预测误差。
4)初始化鲸鱼种群。种群个体数N,最大迭代次数T,位置向量上限-c、下限+c、维度d,维度d计算式如式(5)所示,Sine混沌映射生成初始种群位置。
式中,h为隐含层节点数;m为输入层节点个数;n为输出层节点个数。
5)计算个体适应度值,即训练集预测均方误差。适应度值最小的个体位置向量为局部最优解,其他个体向它靠近,局部最优位置向量记为X*,其他个体当前位置向量记为XXX*间的距离向量记为R,即
式中,R为距离向量;X*(t)为局部最优位置向量;X(t)为当前位置向量;A为距离系数;C为系数向量;a为2~0线性减小的向量;r为随机向量,r∈[0,1]。
6)当距离系数|A|<1且鱼群分布集中,鲸鱼通过收缩包围的方式进行捕食,位置更新如式(9)所示。
当距离系数|A|<1且鱼群分散,鲸鱼通过螺旋上升的方式进行捕食,位置更新如式(10)所示。
以上两种位置更新方式提高了IWOA的局部寻优能力。
当距离系数|A|≥1,鲸鱼个体将大范围搜索鱼群,提高IWOA的全局寻优能力。
7)重复步骤5)~步骤6),完成迭代次数,输出最优位置向量。
8)BP神经网络参数赋值。将最优位置向量中的元素赋值给BP神经网络,搭建神经网络反演定量模型。
9)利用经IWOA优化的BP神经网络对缺陷尺寸参数进行预测。
试验一共得到56组样本,49组作训练集,剩余7组作测试集。表2列出了试件Ⅰ的4组缺陷对应的5个特征值。
网络拓扑结构确定:缺陷信号的幅值ΔB、占宽L、面积S、最大梯度Gmax、平均梯度作为网络输入值,因此输入层节点数为5;输出层输出缺陷单维尺寸参数,因此输出层节点数为1;深度、长度、宽度预测模型隐含层节点数及对应的训练集预测均方误差如表3所示。
其他网络参数设置为训练次数100;学习速率0.01;训练目标最小误差0.000 1;动量因子0.01;最高失败次数6。IWOA初始参数设置为种群数量30;最大迭代次数70;位置自变量范围为[-5,5]。为验证IWOA对BP神经网络的优化效果,BP神经网络预测模型的参数设置一致。以缺陷长度预测模型为例,图7展示了BP神经网络内置梯度下降算法和IWOA的迭代过程,BP网络完成第43次训练提前停止,最终预测均方误差为12.74;IWOA在Sine映射的基础上筛选出最优初始位置,故具有更小的初始均方误差,完成70次迭代后模型均方误差为3.51。
缺陷尺寸参数预测在本质上属于回归问题,计算测试集样本预测值的平均精度作为模型评估指标。精度Aacci计算式为
平均精度计算式为
式中,yi为第i次的实际值,i=1、2、…、MM为测试集样本个数;为模型的预测值。
在预测值与实际值偏差较大导致较大的情况下,Aacci将会出现负值。
表3可知,长度预测模型隐含层节点数为5时,预测均方误差最小,网络拓扑结构确定为5-5-1。宽度预测模型隐含层节点数为8时,预测均方误差最小,网络拓扑结构确定为5-8-1。深度预测模型隐含层节点数为11时,预测均方误差最小,网络拓扑结构确定为5-11-1。
图8(a)图9(a)图10(a)对比分析了BP神经网络和IWOA-BP神经网络缺陷长度、宽度、深度预测实际值与预测值的情况,图8(b)图9(b)图10(b)对比分析了BP神经网络和IWOA-BP神经网络缺陷长度、宽度、深度测试集预测精度Aacci
图8所示为测试集缺陷长度预测结果。由图8可以看出,IWOA-BP预测最大实际误差4.08 mm,最小实际误差0.08 mm;BP预测最大实际误差5.54 mm,最小实际误差0.30 mm;IWOA-BP预测平均精度91.71%,最高精度99.35%,最低精度79.60%,BP预测平均精度82.03%,最高精度98.01%,最低精度68.25%。
图9所示为测试集缺陷宽度预测结果。由图9可以看出,IWOA-BP预测最大实际误差0.089 mm,最小实际误差0.010 mm;BP预测最大实际误差0.162 mm,最小实际误差0.002 mm;IWOA-BP预测平均精度86.0%,最高精度97.8%,最低精度70.3%;BP预测平均精度79.14%,最高精度97.11%,最低精度64.01%。
图10所示为测试集缺陷深度预测结果。由图10可以看出,IWOA-BP预测最大实际误差0.933 mm,最小实际误差0.058 mm;BP预测最大实际误差3.483 mm,最小实际误差0.531 mm;IWOA-BP预测平均精度80.05%,最高精度95.02%,最低精度49.49%;BP预测平均精度-26.67%,最高精度82.3%,最低精度-199.5%。
针对金属结构弱磁检测裂纹缺陷定量工作,融合机器学习和弱磁检测技术,提出了一种IWOA与BP神经网络相结合的方法,以此方法建立了缺陷长度、宽度、深度反演定量模型,得出以下结论:
1)对经验公式输出的10个隐含层节点数构建的BP神经网络预测模型测试,说明隐含层节点数对模型预测均方误差有着重要影响,最大预测误差是最小预测误差的3.7~5.3倍。
2)基于IWOA-BP神经网络的缺陷深度、长度、宽度预测平均精度均在80%以上,IWOA-BP神经网络预测精度较BP神经网络分别提高了106.72%、9.68%、6.86%,深度预测精度提高最为明显。3个裂纹尺寸参数中深度对受损结构剩余强度影响最大,因此提高裂纹深度定量精度具有实际工程意义。
  • 中国华能集团总部科技项目(HNKJ20-H72)
  • 南昌航空大学研究生创新专项(YC2022-088)
  • 江西省重点研发计划(20243BBG71005)
  • 江西省主要学科学术和技术带头人培养项目(20243BCE51052)
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2025年第47卷第3期
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doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.03.014
  • 接收时间:2023-03-14
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2025-03-15
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  • 收稿日期:2023-03-14
  • 修回日期:2023-08-23
基金
China Huaneng Group Headquarters Technology Project(HNKJ20-H72)
中国华能集团总部科技项目(HNKJ20-H72)
Graduate Innovation Foundation of Nanchang Hangkong University(YC2022-088)
南昌航空大学研究生创新专项(YC2022-088)
Key Research and Development Program of Jiangxi Province(20243BBG71005)
江西省重点研发计划(20243BBG71005)
Major Discipline Academic and Technical Leaders Training Program of Jiangxi Province(20243BCE51052)
江西省主要学科学术和技术带头人培养项目(20243BCE51052)
作者信息
    1.南昌航空大学 无损检测技术教育部重点实验室,南昌 330063
    2.西安热工研究院有限公司,西安 710054
    3.华能江苏清洁能源分公司,南京 210015

通讯作者:

胡博,女,1984年生,山东枣庄人,博士,教授;主要研究方向为电磁无损检测、电磁场数值计算;E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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