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The gap between the rotor and the ball bearing in a wide temperature range increases with the increase in temperature. At the same time, the internal clearance of the bearing changes with the temperature. The inner ring of the bearing is subject to increased friction torque, which reduces its speed. This results in the deviation of the characteristic frequency of the outer ring defect, which is not conducive to the fault diagnosis of the ball bearing and the stable operation of the equipment. Considering the temperature-variable gap between the rotor and the bearing, a dynamic model of the bearing with an outer ring defect in a wide temperature range was established. The time-domain waveform and frequency of the model were analyzed. The simulation and test results show that the bearing vibration increases with the temperature, and the characteristic frequency of the outer ring defect decreases with the increasing temperature. Properly increasing the interference between the rotor and the bearing according to process requirements is beneficial for reducing the bearing system vibration in a wide temperature range and improving the accuracy of bearing defect frequency identification. The results provide reference for the use and health monitoring of ball bearings in a wide temperature range.

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XIA Bingxin, E-mail:
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宽温域内轴与球轴承间的间隙随温度升高而增大,同时轴承内部间隙也随温度变化而变化,轴承内圈受到增大的摩擦力矩,使内圈转速降低,从而导致外圈缺陷特征频率出现偏差,不利于球轴承的故障诊断和设备的稳定运行。考虑轴与轴承间的温变间隙,建立了宽温域内含外圈缺陷的轴承动力学模型,分析了模型的时域波形和频谱。仿真和试验结果表明,轴承振动随温度升高而加剧,外圈缺陷特征频率随温度升高而降低。根据工艺要求,适当增加轴与轴承间的过盈量,有利于降低宽温域内轴承系统的振动,提高轴承缺陷频率识别的准确性。研究结果为球轴承在宽温域的使用和健康监测提供了参考。

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夏冰新,女,1988年生,辽宁抚顺人,硕士,讲师;主要研究方向为故障诊断;E-mail:

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夏冰新,女,1988年生,辽宁抚顺人,硕士,讲师;主要研究方向为故障诊断;E-mail:

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orderNo=2, keyword=动力学模型), Keyword(id=1228282211137417392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1228282194112737848, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=宽温域), Keyword(id=1228282211204526258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1228282194112737848, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=间隙), Keyword(id=1228282211275829435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1228282194112737848, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=频率偏差)], refs=[Reference(id=1228282216132833584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1228282194112737848, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=169, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=XU H Y, WANG P F, MA H, journalName=Mechanism and Machine Theory, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XU H YWANG P FMA H,et al.Analysis of axial and overturning ultimate load-bearing capacities 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Study on thermal deformation of hollow piece in steady temperature field[J]. 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language=CN, label=图1, caption=球轴承-转子系统模型, figureFileSmall=UBmKG5sgU5p1jhLa6gWQJA==, figureFileBig=si72ss7sTJPts+Ts0QDRaw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228282211699454162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1228282194112737848, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Bearing-rotor system and simplified model of the deformed rotor, figureFileSmall=PPBHS6AtpoX3IUI9BwzRaw==, figureFileBig=wipqmNktnpSgcd3vn6ud8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228282211800117463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1228282194112737848, language=CN, label=图2, caption=轴承-转子系统及转子变形的简化模型, figureFileSmall=PPBHS6AtpoX3IUI9BwzRaw==, figureFileBig=wipqmNktnpSgcd3vn6ud8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228282213192626395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1228282194112737848, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Contact model between the rotor and the bearing inner ring after the thermal deformation, figureFileSmall=jJguPFoJ6XhZNq8ntM3iXw==, figureFileBig=M1VZJMcw+B6pA9G62xxYlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228282213360398561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1228282194112737848, language=CN, label=图3, caption=热变形后轴与轴承内圈的接触模型, figureFileSmall=jJguPFoJ6XhZNq8ntM3iXw==, figureFileBig=M1VZJMcw+B6pA9G62xxYlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228282213448478948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1228282194112737848, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Model of the bearing with the outer ring defect, figureFileSmall=UvNH/0H7fKb0AD17Vqacfw==, figureFileBig=S/CCXrdUtnauwzrIDz26BA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228282213553336553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1228282194112737848, language=CN, label=图4, caption=含外圈缺陷的轴承模型, figureFileSmall=UvNH/0H7fKb0AD17Vqacfw==, figureFileBig=S/CCXrdUtnauwzrIDz26BA==, tableContent=null), 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spectrum, figureFileSmall=vwPw++L9yrth/TC17Ti03Q==, figureFileBig=M5xPJWdxvlodhi3LQsc8lQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228282214618689793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1228282194112737848, language=CN, label=图8, caption=放大频谱, figureFileSmall=vwPw++L9yrth/TC17Ti03Q==, figureFileBig=M5xPJWdxvlodhi3LQsc8lQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228282214723547397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1228282194112737848, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Bearing fault simulation test bench, figureFileSmall=WC+azokrkkFNqEi28AJVkQ==, figureFileBig=TBsBgDoZp+ZZNVHSa4PgbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228282214811627784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1228282194112737848, language=CN, label=图9, caption=轴承故障模拟试验台, figureFileSmall=WC+azokrkkFNqEi28AJVkQ==, figureFileBig=TBsBgDoZp+ZZNVHSa4PgbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228282214891319565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1228282194112737848, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Test frequency spectrum of the bearing vibration with the outer ring defect, figureFileSmall=s9b7USjXEntiIJKwGUob6w==, figureFileBig=tF8eywHzWe1OGlv2eVFAYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228282214975205646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1228282194112737848, language=CN, label=图10, caption=含外圈缺陷的轴承试验振动频谱, figureFileSmall=s9b7USjXEntiIJKwGUob6w==, figureFileBig=tF8eywHzWe1OGlv2eVFAYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228282215084257556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1228282194112737848, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Structural and physical parameters of the bearing

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 Parameter值Value
滚动体数量Number of rolling elements N8
滚动体直径Diameter of rolling elements db/mm7.937 5
轴承节径Bearing pitch diameter dm/mm33.477 2
轴承宽度Bearing width /mm15
轴承游隙Bearing clearance γ/μm10
内圈厚度Thickness of inner ring /mm10
轴承材料密度Bearing material density /(kg/m37 850
热变形系数Coefficient of thermal deformation λ/K-11.25×10-5
弹性模量Elastic modulus E/GPa210
阻尼系数Damping coefficient c500
), ArticleFig(id=1228282215189115160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1228282194112737848, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

轴承的物理和结构参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 Parameter值Value
滚动体数量Number of rolling elements N8
滚动体直径Diameter of rolling elements db/mm7.937 5
轴承节径Bearing pitch diameter dm/mm33.477 2
轴承宽度Bearing width /mm15
轴承游隙Bearing clearance γ/μm10
内圈厚度Thickness of inner ring /mm10
轴承材料密度Bearing material density /(kg/m37 850
热变形系数Coefficient of thermal deformation λ/K-11.25×10-5
弹性模量Elastic modulus E/GPa210
阻尼系数Damping coefficient c500
), ArticleFig(id=1228282215293972763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1228282194112737848, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Main results of the vibration of the outer ring in the wide temperature range

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
振动峰值
Vibration peak/(mm/s)
温度Temperature/K
100300500
y方向y-direction0.013 40.055 80.116 7
z方向z-direction0.058 60.085 20.103 1
), ArticleFig(id=1228282215377858843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1228282194112737848, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

宽温域外圈振动的主要结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
振动峰值
Vibration peak/(mm/s)
温度Temperature/K
100300500
y方向y-direction0.013 40.055 80.116 7
z方向z-direction0.058 60.085 20.103 1
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Correlation frequency components in the amplified frequency spectrum

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频率分量
Frequency component
温度Temperature/K
100300500
fbpfo152.61151.97150.96
2fbpfo305.22303.91301.93
3fbpfo458.08455.91452.89
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放大频谱中的相关频率分量

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频率分量
Frequency component
温度Temperature/K
100300500
fbpfo152.61151.97150.96
2fbpfo305.22303.91301.93
3fbpfo458.08455.91452.89
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Comparison between test results and simulation results

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温度
Temperature/K
仿真结果
Simulation results/Hz
试验结果
Test results/Hz
100152.61152.24
300151.97150.82
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试验结果与仿真结果对比

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温度
Temperature/K
仿真结果
Simulation results/Hz
试验结果
Test results/Hz
100152.61152.24
300151.97150.82
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温变间隙引起球轴承外圈缺陷频率偏差的研究
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夏冰新 , 王丹 , 商丽 , 范磊 , 邢智慧 , 高国伟
机械强度 | 振动·噪声·监测·诊断 2025,47(10): 36-42
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机械强度 | 振动·噪声·监测·诊断 2025, 47(10): 36-42
温变间隙引起球轴承外圈缺陷频率偏差的研究
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夏冰新 , 王丹, 商丽, 范磊, 邢智慧, 高国伟
作者信息
  • 沈阳城市建设学院 机械工程学院,沈阳 110167
  • 夏冰新,女,1988年生,辽宁抚顺人,硕士,讲师;主要研究方向为故障诊断;E-mail:

Study on frequency deviation of outer ring defect of ball bearings caused by temperature-variable gap
Bingxin XIA , Dan WANG, Li SHANG, Lei FAN, Zhihui XING, Guowei GAO
Affiliations
  • School of Mechanical Engineering, Shenyang Urban Construction University, Shenyang 110167, China
出版时间: 2025-10-15 doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.10.004
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宽温域内轴与球轴承间的间隙随温度升高而增大,同时轴承内部间隙也随温度变化而变化,轴承内圈受到增大的摩擦力矩,使内圈转速降低,从而导致外圈缺陷特征频率出现偏差,不利于球轴承的故障诊断和设备的稳定运行。考虑轴与轴承间的温变间隙,建立了宽温域内含外圈缺陷的轴承动力学模型,分析了模型的时域波形和频谱。仿真和试验结果表明,轴承振动随温度升高而加剧,外圈缺陷特征频率随温度升高而降低。根据工艺要求,适当增加轴与轴承间的过盈量,有利于降低宽温域内轴承系统的振动,提高轴承缺陷频率识别的准确性。研究结果为球轴承在宽温域的使用和健康监测提供了参考。

球轴承  /  动力学模型  /  宽温域  /  间隙  /  频率偏差

The gap between the rotor and the ball bearing in a wide temperature range increases with the increase in temperature. At the same time, the internal clearance of the bearing changes with the temperature. The inner ring of the bearing is subject to increased friction torque, which reduces its speed. This results in the deviation of the characteristic frequency of the outer ring defect, which is not conducive to the fault diagnosis of the ball bearing and the stable operation of the equipment. Considering the temperature-variable gap between the rotor and the bearing, a dynamic model of the bearing with an outer ring defect in a wide temperature range was established. The time-domain waveform and frequency of the model were analyzed. The simulation and test results show that the bearing vibration increases with the temperature, and the characteristic frequency of the outer ring defect decreases with the increasing temperature. Properly increasing the interference between the rotor and the bearing according to process requirements is beneficial for reducing the bearing system vibration in a wide temperature range and improving the accuracy of bearing defect frequency identification. The results provide reference for the use and health monitoring of ball bearings in a wide temperature range.

Ball bearing  /  Dynamic model  /  Wide temperature range  /  Gap  /  Frequency deviation
夏冰新, 王丹, 商丽, 范磊, 邢智慧, 高国伟. 温变间隙引起球轴承外圈缺陷频率偏差的研究. 机械强度, 2025 , 47 (10) : 36 -42 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.10.004
Bingxin XIA, Dan WANG, Li SHANG, Lei FAN, Zhihui XING, Guowei GAO. Study on frequency deviation of outer ring defect of ball bearings caused by temperature-variable gap[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength, 2025 , 47 (10) : 36 -42 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.10.004
球轴承-轴系统因价格低廉、易拆卸等优点广泛用于航空航天、风力发电等领域[1-2]。同时,球轴承作为旋转机械的核心部件,容易发生裂纹、点蚀等故障,其状态监测和故障诊断关系到整个设备的稳定运行[3-4][5]094002。然而,轴承通常在宽温域内运行[6]。在宽温域的工作条件下,轴承部件的相互作用更加复杂,导致轴承缺陷频率出现偏差,传统的动力学模型及频率比较的方法,准确性已难以满足需求[7-8]
以往宽温域内轴承动力学模型主要描述轴承与轴承座间的间隙、轴承游隙对轴承系统动态响应的影响[9-10]。BAI等[11]建立了全陶瓷球轴承声辐射模型,研究了系统在宽温域内的声辐射特性。CAO等[12]建立了含间隙的轴承-转子-轴承座系统的动力学模型,研究发现,间隙的强非线性引起了系统的非线性振动。然而,目前几乎没有权威研究来解释转子与轴承内圈的间隙量对轴承系统动态特性的影响。
关于轴承故障动力学模型的研究,并对系统响应进行的解释已有较多[5]094002[13]。LIU等[14]提出可判断全陶瓷球轴承外圈裂纹故障位置的模型,并通过了试验验证。然而,大多数含轴承缺陷的动力学模型都未考虑温度等工作条件的影响。为了使研究更加实用,关于轴承热变形和热效应等对轴承故障动态特性的影响研究越来越多。BAI等[15]曾提出考虑轴承与轴承座间配合间隙的全陶瓷球轴承动力学模型,研究了温度对轴承套圈缺陷频率的影响,并通过试验加以验证,得到了宽温域内全陶瓷球套圈缺陷频率偏差。然而,目前几乎没有考虑宽温域内转子和轴承间的间隙对轴承缺陷频率的影响的研究。
因此,本文提出一种考虑球轴承与轴间温变间隙的轴承动态模型,获取了宽温域内轴承外圈缺陷频率偏差,并通过试验进行了验证,为球轴承健康监测和故障诊断提供重要依据。
为了便于安装和拆卸,轴和轴承通常采用间隙配合。同时,为了降低安装误差,高速工况下选用的球轴承一般为可拆卸轴承。通常先将轴承内圈安装在轴上,然后将轴承的其他部件安装在相应位置。本文研究了系统中一端轴承位于宽温域内的情况,如图1所示。
当球轴承-轴在宽温域内使用时,随着工作温度的升高,轴和球轴承会发生热变形。假设转子密度均匀且无毛刺,在系统径向载荷及其自身重力的影响下,不会发生较大的挠度变化,并且转子受热均匀膨胀,变形前、后如图2(a)所示。
图2(b)所示,由于轴承内圈和滚动体可以拆卸,因此,可以将轴承内圈单独视为具有厚度的孔形零件。根据三维热变形理论,轴承内圈变形后的内径[16]
式中,di为轴承内圈外滚道直径;dii为轴承内圈直径;λ为轴承部件热变形系数;ΔT为工作温度T和初始温度T0之间的温差,可以表示为
ri表示轴半径,考虑内圈与轴为间隙配合,轴和轴承内圈之间的间隙可以写为
式中,τ0为初始间隙。
一般来说,不平衡质量使轴质心在旋转过程中偏离几何中心,如图3所示,而不平衡质量引起的偏心力是导致轴自激振荡的主要作用力。在图3中,坐标系为固定坐标系。根据牛顿定律,轴振动的动态微分方程可以表示为
式中,M为轴质量;mu为轴的不平衡质量;ωi为输入转速;eu为轴的偏心距;t为时间;φ为轴质量中心偏离几何中心的角度;cy、czkykz分别为y轴、z轴对应的阻尼和刚度系数;g为重力加速度;QrpFrp分别为轴与内圈接触时的接触力和摩擦力。产生条件为
式中,ei为轴承内圈的径向位移。这意味着,只有当轴的偏心距和轴承内圈的径向位移之差不小于轴和轴承内圈间隙的一半时才会产生接触。轴和轴承内圈之间的接触力可以表示为
式中,kr为轴和轴承内圈间的接触刚度。
轴承部件间的力符合赫兹接触理论,第j个滚动体与轴承套圈间的接触变形表示为
式中,yi、zi均为轴承内圈振动位移;θj为第j个滚动体位置,如图4所示,可以表示为
式中,N为滚动体数量;ωm为滚动体公转速度,可表示为
式中,ωo为轴承外圈的角速度;do为轴承外圈内径;dm为轴承节径。
忽略其他因素对轴承游隙的影响,γ'是受温度影响的游隙,可以写成
式中,γ为轴承初始游隙;db为滚动体直径。如图5所示,当滚动体通过外圈缺陷区域时,系统将再次释放一定量的变形。因此式(8)可以写为
式中,α为滚动体与外圈缺陷接触的开关量,可以表示为
式中,ϕdo为外圈缺陷的初始位置角;Δϕdo为外圈滚道缺陷尺寸;nj为正整数,可以表示为
外圈缺陷尺寸可以表示为
式中,l为内圈缺陷宽度;Od为缺陷深度。根据几何关系,滚动体通过外圈缺陷区域释放的变形可以表示为
式中,ζmax为滚动体通过内圈缺陷区域时释放的最大变形,且滚动体不接触缺陷底部,则第j个滚动体与轴承内圈之间的接触力可以表示为
式中,K为滚动体接触内圈和外圈时的等效刚度系数,可以表示为
根据牛顿定律,内圈的动力学方程可以表示为
式中,mi为内圈质量;ciyciz分别为内圈y轴、z轴对应的阻尼系数;kiykiz分别为内圈y轴、z轴对应的刚度系数;Ji为内圈的转动惯量;为内圈转速;Δθj为选定计算步长内内圈实际转动的角度。
在轴承座孔内,用Qoj表示第j个滚动元件与轴承外圈之间的接触力,FRoj表示对应的库仑摩擦力。因此,含缺陷的外圈动力学方程可以表示为
采用数值仿真求解动力学模型。输入恒定转速为3 000 r/min,初始温度T0=100 K,计算时间步长为10-6 s。轴和内圈初始间隙为0.002 mm,接触刚度为2.5×108 N/m。轴承与轴、轴承各部件间的摩擦因数为0.1,径向载荷为50 N,不平衡质量为2 g。轴半径为12.7 mm。表1列出了轴承部分参数,各部件的质量可通过体积和密度获得。
图6为轴承外圈振动的时域波形。当温度由100 K升至500 K时,轴承外圈在y方向上的振幅升高了近10倍。随着温度的升高,轴承内圈与轴之间的间隙增大,使轴与轴承内圈之间的接触越来越剧烈,从而导致轴承振动大幅增加。此外,由于在仿真计算过程中,径向力添加到z方向,并且系统重力的方向始终与z方向平行,因此在相同温度下,轴承外圈在z方向上的振动大于在y方向上的振动,但轴承振动仍呈现出随着温度升高而增加的趋势。
表2列出了相关时域信号中的主要结果。表2中,轴承外圈的振幅随着温度的升高而增加,并且增加趋势是非线性的。这是因为轴与轴承之间的间隙和轴承的径向间隙同时受到温度的影响,并且间隙本身具有非线性的特性,且随着温度的变化,间隙表现出非线性变化的趋势,最终导致外圈振动的非线性增长。
为了得到不同温度下球轴承的缺陷频率,对y方向的振动信号进行傅里叶变换,得到图7所示的轴承外圈振动的频谱。图7中,频谱上出现了与外圈缺陷频率相关的频率分量和2、3、4、5、6倍缺陷频率分量。这是由于在仿真计算过程中,外圈缺陷的尺寸设置得较大,且轴承外圈固定不动,滚动体的冲击缺陷区域对系统的影响大于轴承外圈的旋转效应。因此,频谱中只出现缺陷频率及其倍频相关分量,而未出现旋转频率。频谱中的主要缺陷频率分量及其倍频成分放大如图8所示。
图8图7中频谱相应频率分量的放大图,本文在此只对外圈缺陷频率及其2、3倍频率成分进行说明,分别对应fbpfo、2fbpfo、3fbpfo。随着温度的升高,轴与轴承内圈之间的间隙增大,轴承内圈的速度降低,滚动体转动的角速度降低,滚动体冲击外圈缺陷区域的时间间隔增大,从而使轴承外圈的缺陷频率和2、3倍缺陷频率出现降低的趋势。这一趋势在图8中可以清楚地看到。相应的频率分量如表3所示。
表3中,随着温度的升高,外圈的缺陷频率趋于降低,且缺陷频率的倍数频率分量不同程度地降低。根据表3列出的100、300、500 K球轴承外圈缺陷频率,可以推导出在100~500 K的宽温域内,该型号球轴承在3 000 r/min的工况下缺陷频率偏差约为1.1%。
为了验证宽温域内球轴承外圈缺陷动力学模型准确性和不同温度下外圈缺陷的特征频率偏差,本节设计了相关测试,其测试设备布局如图9所示。
图9中,轴承故障模拟试验台由2个球轴承支撑,其中1个轴承在宽温域内运行。为了模拟宽温域的工作条件,将轴承布置在具有良好隔热性能的保温箱内。试验开始时,向保温箱中注入液氮以模拟低温工作条件。采用电加热装置进行加热,在整个试验过程中通过温度传感器实时测量温度。借助设备和加热装置,模拟了100~300 K的宽温域环境。试验中选择的轴承、轴等与仿真计算中一致,将电动机输入转速设置为3 000 r/min,其他初始条件与仿真计算中一致。轴承的振动信号由布置在支座径向方向上的加速度信号传感器进行收集,再由信号收集器进行处理。处理后的信号如图10所示。
图10中,轴承振动频谱上出现了与旋转频率和轴承外圈缺陷特征频率相关的频率分量。由图10可知,当温度为300 K时,旋转频率和2倍转频呈下降趋势,这表明轴和轴承之间的间隙会随着温度的升高而增加,使轴承内圈的转速降低,较难将3倍旋转频率与外圈缺陷频率区分开来。可以认为,这里的峰值频率是外圈缺陷的特征频率,因此外圈缺陷的特征频率也随着温度的升高而降低。将试验结果与模拟结果进行比较,如表4所示。
表4中,试验结果与模拟结果高度一致,外圈缺陷的特征频率会随着温度的升高而降低。由此可以推断,考虑轴承和轴之间在宽温域内的间隙的变化情况与轴承内部间隙受到的温度的影响,从而建立球轴承故障动力学模型,在100~300 K的宽温域内,外圈缺陷的频率偏差约为1%。在进行宽温域内的球轴承故障频率识别时考虑此频率偏差,可以提高轴承故障诊断的准确性。
本文考虑温度对轴与轴承的间隙和轴承内部径向游隙的影响,建立了在宽温域内含外圈缺陷的球轴承动力学模型。通过试验验证了模型的准确性。得出以下结论:
1)随着温度的升高,轴承与轴之间的间隙增大,轴承的振动加剧,进而加剧了轴和轴承的磨损,不利于设备的稳定运行。
2)受轴与轴承之间温变间隙的影响,轴承内圈转速低于电动机输入转速,降低了设备运行精度,同时也加剧了能量损耗。
3)在宽温域内,轴承外圈缺陷的特征频率随温度的升高而降低;在100~500 K的宽温域内,外圈缺陷频率偏差超过1%,这意味着在宽温域内进行轴承外圈缺陷频率识别时需要考虑频率偏差,以确保故障诊断的准确性。
4)研究为球轴承的使用提供了参考。结合工艺要求,通过过盈配合使轴承与轴连接可减少宽温域内轴与轴承的间隙对系统的影响。
  • 辽宁省教育厅基金项目(LJKXM202109)
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doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.10.004
  • 接收时间:2023-06-14
  • 首发时间:2026-02-11
  • 出版时间:2025-10-15
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  • 收稿日期:2023-06-14
  • 修回日期:2024-02-23
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Foundation of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education(LJKXM202109)
辽宁省教育厅基金项目(LJKXM202109)
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    沈阳城市建设学院 机械工程学院,沈阳 110167
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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