Article(id=1228282192720233134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, issueId=1228282191159952029, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.10.009, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1710950400000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-21, revisedDate=1713196800000, revisedDateStr=2024-04-16, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770774895124, onlineDateStr=2026-02-11, pubDate=1760457600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770774895124, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-11, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770774895124, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770774895124, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1228282191159952029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, year='2025', volume='47', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='157', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770774894751, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770775890381, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1228286367227118244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, issueId=1228282191159952029, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1228286367227118245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, issueId=1228282191159952029, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=80, endPage=85, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1228282192984474290, articleId=1228282192720233134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, language=EN, title=Simulation and prediction research on the isolation performance of rubber isolators, columnId=1228282191914926752, journalTitle=Journal of Mechanical Strength, columnName=Vibration·Noise·Monitoring·Diagnosis, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to achieve simulation prediction of the isolation performance of rubber isolators, simulation and testing comparative research on the vibration transmissibility of standard specimens were conducted. Firstly, a compression test was conducted on the standard specimen to obtain pressure deformation data. Based on the theory of the large deformation, the data was processed to obtain the true stress-strain curve. The Mooney-Rivlin model was chosen to define the material properties. Secondly, a vibration transmissibility testing system was established, an exciter to excite the standard sample was used, and the measured vibration transmissibility curve was obtained. Then, a simulation model based on the testing system was built, and the simulation transmissibility curve based on the transient dynamic analysis was obtained.Finally, the test results were compared with the simulation results to achieve the simulation prediction of the rubber isolation performance. The results show that the simulated isolation rate curve is highly consistent with the test results, with a peak frequency error of only 4.8%, which can achieve the simulation prediction and provide a simulation guidance for the optimization design and performance improvement of isolators.

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ZHANG Xu, E-mail:
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为了实现对橡胶隔振器隔振性能的仿真预测,针对标准试样的振动传递率进行仿真与测试对比研究。首先,对标准试样进行压缩试验,得到压力-变形数据,基于大变形理论对数据进行处理,得到真实应力-应变曲线,选择Mooney-Rivlin(M-R)模型定义材料属性;其次,搭建振动传递率测试系统,利用激振器激励标准试样,得到实测的振动传递率曲线;再次,根据测试系统搭建仿真模型,基于瞬态动力学分析得到仿真传递率曲线;最后,将测试结果与仿真结果进行对比,从而实现橡胶隔振性能的仿真预测。结果表明,仿真得到的振动传递率曲线与测试结果一致性较高,峰值频率误差仅为4.8%,能够实现仿真预测,为隔振器的优化设计与性能提升提供仿真指导。

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张旭,男,1986年生,山东莱芜人,硕士,高级工程师;主要研究方向为先行技术的转化;E-mail:
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陈国平,男,1995年生,内蒙古赤峰人,硕士,中级工程师;主要研究方向为振动噪声控制;E-mail:

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陈国平,男,1995年生,内蒙古赤峰人,硕士,中级工程师;主要研究方向为振动噪声控制;E-mail:

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Journal of Telemetry,Tracking and Command199819(2):12-20.(In Chinese), articleTitle=A study of Shannon sampling theorem and Nyquist criterion, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1228282206204919986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1228282192720233134, awardId=YDZJ2021ZYTS150, language=EN, fundingSource=Jilin Provincial Department of Science and Technology Project(YDZJ2021ZYTS150), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1228282206284611766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1228282192720233134, awardId=YDZJ2021ZYTS150, language=CN, fundingSource=吉林省科技厅项目(YDZJ2021ZYTS150), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1228282206389469369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1228282192720233134, awardId=KJSKFXM2023040016, language=EN, fundingSource=Hisense Home Appliance R&D Center Project(KJSKFXM2023040016), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1228282206481744063, 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True stress-strain data of the rubber under compression state

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应力Stress/MPa应变Strain应力Stress/MPa应变Strain
0.120 870.011.056 010.13
0.204 820.021.174 950.14
0.289 550.031.238 310.15
0.389 240.041.345 820.16
0.443 360.051.469 080.17
0.530 890.061.584 820.18
0.589 080.071.695 190.19
0.654 840.081.855 430.20
0.740 980.092.038 100.21
0.804 720.102.175 210.22
0.893 320.112.380 060.23
0.971 120.122.547 210.24
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橡胶压缩真实应力-应变数据

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应力Stress/MPa应变Strain应力Stress/MPa应变Strain
0.120 870.011.056 010.13
0.204 820.021.174 950.14
0.289 550.031.238 310.15
0.389 240.041.345 820.16
0.443 360.051.469 080.17
0.530 890.061.584 820.18
0.589 080.071.695 190.19
0.654 840.081.855 430.20
0.740 980.092.038 100.21
0.804 720.102.175 210.22
0.893 320.112.380 060.23
0.971 120.122.547 210.24
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橡胶隔振器隔振性能的仿真预测研究
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陈国平 1 , 张旭 1 , 史尧臣 2 , 陈澎钰 1 , 张进男 1 , 王相乾 1
机械强度 | 振动·噪声·监测·诊断 2025,47(10): 80-85
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机械强度 | 振动·噪声·监测·诊断 2025, 47(10): 80-85
橡胶隔振器隔振性能的仿真预测研究
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陈国平1 , 张旭1 , 史尧臣2, 陈澎钰1, 张进男1, 王相乾1
作者信息
  • 1.海信家电集团股份有限公司 研发中心,青岛 266100
  • 2.长春大学 机械与车辆工程学院,长春 130022
  • 陈国平,男,1995年生,内蒙古赤峰人,硕士,中级工程师;主要研究方向为振动噪声控制;E-mail:

通讯作者:

张旭,男,1986年生,山东莱芜人,硕士,高级工程师;主要研究方向为先行技术的转化;E-mail:
Simulation and prediction research on the isolation performance of rubber isolators
Guoping CHEN1 , Xu ZHANG1 , Yaochen SHI2, Pengyu CHEN1, Jinnan ZHANG1, Xiangqian WANG1
Affiliations
  • 1.R&D Center, Hisense Home Appliance Group Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266100, China
  • 2.School of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, China
出版时间: 2025-10-15 doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.10.009
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为了实现对橡胶隔振器隔振性能的仿真预测,针对标准试样的振动传递率进行仿真与测试对比研究。首先,对标准试样进行压缩试验,得到压力-变形数据,基于大变形理论对数据进行处理,得到真实应力-应变曲线,选择Mooney-Rivlin(M-R)模型定义材料属性;其次,搭建振动传递率测试系统,利用激振器激励标准试样,得到实测的振动传递率曲线;再次,根据测试系统搭建仿真模型,基于瞬态动力学分析得到仿真传递率曲线;最后,将测试结果与仿真结果进行对比,从而实现橡胶隔振性能的仿真预测。结果表明,仿真得到的振动传递率曲线与测试结果一致性较高,峰值频率误差仅为4.8%,能够实现仿真预测,为隔振器的优化设计与性能提升提供仿真指导。

橡胶隔振器  /  非线性  /  瞬态动力学  /  振动传递率  /  仿真预测

In order to achieve simulation prediction of the isolation performance of rubber isolators, simulation and testing comparative research on the vibration transmissibility of standard specimens were conducted. Firstly, a compression test was conducted on the standard specimen to obtain pressure deformation data. Based on the theory of the large deformation, the data was processed to obtain the true stress-strain curve. The Mooney-Rivlin model was chosen to define the material properties. Secondly, a vibration transmissibility testing system was established, an exciter to excite the standard sample was used, and the measured vibration transmissibility curve was obtained. Then, a simulation model based on the testing system was built, and the simulation transmissibility curve based on the transient dynamic analysis was obtained.Finally, the test results were compared with the simulation results to achieve the simulation prediction of the rubber isolation performance. The results show that the simulated isolation rate curve is highly consistent with the test results, with a peak frequency error of only 4.8%, which can achieve the simulation prediction and provide a simulation guidance for the optimization design and performance improvement of isolators.

Rubber isolator  /  Non-linear  /  Transient dynamics  /  Vibration transmissibility  /  Simulation prediction
陈国平, 张旭, 史尧臣, 陈澎钰, 张进男, 王相乾. 橡胶隔振器隔振性能的仿真预测研究. 机械强度, 2025 , 47 (10) : 80 -85 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.10.009
Guoping CHEN, Xu ZHANG, Yaochen SHI, Pengyu CHEN, Jinnan ZHANG, Xiangqian WANG. Simulation and prediction research on the isolation performance of rubber isolators[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength, 2025 , 47 (10) : 80 -85 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.10.009
橡胶材料因具有良好的隔振性能,常用于振源与结构件之间隔绝振动的传递。评价橡胶隔振性能的指标主要有振动传递率、插入损失、振级落差[1]等,其中,振动传递率的定义为传递到基座上的力与激励力之间的频率比,能够准确地反映隔振器在每个频率点处的隔振性能,因此本文对橡胶的振动传递率进行仿真预测。
针对橡胶材料隔振性能的研究主要集中在影响其减振效果的因素方面。曾宪奎等[2-3]系统地研究了动态载荷、自然老化、工作环境、炭黑用量等对减振器振动传递率的影响。李东方等[4]针对隔振器的纵向刚度进行研究,提出了纵向刚度的理论计算式,并进行纵向刚度的测试。闫辉等[5-6]针对金属橡胶隔振器的当量弹性模量、阻尼刚度、动静态性能等对隔振效果的影响进行了系统研究。针对橡胶的仿真研究[7-10]主要集中在轮胎、汽车发动机悬置系统的刚度、非线性特性方面。而针对橡胶振动传递率的仿真预测目前少有研究。
橡胶是一种具有高度韧性和弹性的高分子材料,在受到外力作用时,其内部分子链会发生不规则形变,宏观上体现为非线性的应力-应变关系。为了实现对非线性橡胶隔振器振动性能的仿真预测,建立的振动传递率仿真预测流程如图1所示。首先,定义非线性橡胶的材料属性:对标准试样进行压缩试验,得到受力与变形的关系曲线,并基于大变形理论,将压力变形数据转化为真实应力-应变曲线,并选择Mooney-Rivlin(M-R)模型定义非线性橡胶材料的力学性能。然后,进行振动传递率测试:搭建振动传递率测试系统,利用激振器激励的方式获取经隔振前后的力信号频域数据,经处理后得到实测振动传递率曲线。最后,进行振动传递率的仿真预测。通过瞬态动力学分析,提取隔振前后的载荷数据,并通过Matlab软件处理获取仿真振动传递率曲线,通过与测试结果进行对比,提升仿真精度,实现振动传递率的仿真预测。提出的振动传递率预测方法能够指导隔振器的结构优化与隔振性能提升的研究。
橡胶是一种非线性材料,即材料具有非线性的应力-应变关系,故无法利用弹性模量定义其力学性能。仿真软件中定义非线性材料的模型有很多种,如Neo-Hookean模型、M-R模型、Yeoh模型等,其中M-R模型几乎可以模拟所有橡胶材料的力学行为[11],适用于受拉应变150%和受压应变25%的情况,因此本文采用M-R模型定义橡胶材料属性。
为了获取橡胶非线性的应力-应变数据,需进行压缩试验。根据国家标准GB/T 7757—2009[12]的要求,制作标准压缩试样,试样为圆柱体,直径为(29.0±0.5)mm,高度为(12.5±0.5) mm,标准压缩试样及压缩试验如图2所示。下托盘固定,上托盘以10 mm/min的速度压缩试样至25%应变,即压缩变形为3 mm,分别在上、下托盘表面涂抹薄层润滑剂,以消除试样与托盘之间的摩擦力。进行5组压缩测试后将试验结果取平均值,得到的标准试样压力-变形曲线如图3所示。由图3可知,橡胶受压时的压力、变形呈明显的非线性关系。
对标准试样进行压缩试验后,得到非线性压力变形数据。需将该数据处理为应力-应变数据以体现橡胶材料的力学性能。根据胡克定律,将压缩试验得到的压力、变形数据转换为应力-应变数据,即
式中,F为压缩力;A为试样压缩面的横截面积;ΔL为压缩变形量;L为试样初始高度。
根据式(1)、式(2)得到的工程应力-应变数据忽略了压缩过程中试样变形对数据的影响。在试样压缩的过程中,试样的横截面积随着压缩不断发生变化,如图4所示,橡胶受压后高度L降低,横截面积A增大。因橡胶材料的不可压缩性[13],即在受到简单拉伸、压缩时,总体积保持不变,橡胶材料在受压前、后的体积分别可以表示为
式中,V0V1分别为压缩前、后的体积;AA1分别为试样压缩前、后的横截面积;LL1分别为试样压缩前、后的高度。根据橡胶压缩时体积不变的特性,可知V0=V1,则试样压缩后的横截面积为
因此橡胶的真实压缩应力的表达式为
分别根据式(1)、式(2)、式(6)计算橡胶压缩的工程应力-应变与真实应力-应变,将得到的数据绘制为工程应力和真实应力的对比曲线,如图5所示。由图5可知,橡胶的应力-应变数据呈明显的非线性,且随着压缩变形的增加,真实应力逐渐高于工程应力。工程应力未考虑橡胶受力状态下的变形情况,因此利用真实应力数据定义橡胶材料的力学特性更加准确。
Ansys仿真软件具有曲线拟合功能,能够根据给出的数据直接拟合曲线,得到材料常数。M-R模型分为两参数、三参数、五参数及九参数模型,其中参数越多,材料性能定义得越准确,但仿真的计算量越大。通过平衡计算时间与仿真精度,采用三参数M-R模型定义橡胶材料。
表1所示真实应力-应变数据输入仿真软件中进行拟合,曲线拟合结果如图6所示。由图6可知,生成的拟合曲线与数据点之间的关联性较好,得出的材料常数C10为0.838 5,C01为-0.314 7,C11为0.535 7。不可压缩性系数D1默认为0,代表橡胶材料压缩前、后体积不变。添加橡胶材料密度为1 015 kg/m3,即完成对橡胶材料属性的定义。
根据振动传递率的定义,需获取隔振前、后力信号的频域数据。因此,搭建传递率测试系统如图7所示,主要由力传感器、基座、标准试样、激振器组成。为了避免基座本身对测试效果的影响,基座本体不应有隔振效果,且基座的刚度要远大于标准试样,因此采用较厚的钢制铁块搭建测试系统。激振器发出的随机振动力信号通过阻抗头传递到上基座,力信号经过标准试样的隔振后传递到下基座,力传感器获取下基座经过隔振后的力信号。隔振前、后的力信号数据经过LMS test lab系统处理后,得到标准试样的振动传递率曲线,如图8所示。由图8可知,被测试样在500 Hz以下的宽频域段均有隔振效果,在120 Hz附近隔振效果减弱,说明此处存在1阶固有频率。
为了与试验结果进行比较,实现隔振器振动传递率的仿真预测,根据测试系统构建仿真模型,如图9所示,仿真模型主要由基座系统和标准试样两部分构成。将基座赋予结构钢材料,标准试样赋予橡胶材料,这是非线性仿真中的材料非线性部分;设置基座与试样之间的约束为摩擦约束,添加摩擦因数为0.25,这是非线性仿真中的接触非线性部分。在分析设置中开启大变形,这是非线性仿真中的结构非线性部分。将基座系统设置为刚体,网格大小为2 mm,网格划分时非接触面便不会生成网格,极大降低了网格数量,提升了仿真分析的效率。对下基座添加固定约束,添加标准地球重力以模拟基座对标准试样的受压工况。完成仿真模型的静力学分析后转换为瞬态动力学分析模块。对基座进行自由模态仿真,如图10所示,基座的1阶固有频率高达8 849 Hz,不会影响振动传递率的仿真预测结果。
瞬态动力学分析用于分析载荷随时间变化的结构的动力学响应,因此需将激振器产生的随机振动力信号的时域数据施加到上基座表面,模拟激振器激励的工况。瞬态动力学分析主要设置步长、初始子步、最小子步、最大子步等信息。初始子步的计算步长取决于计算的最高频率,如式(7)所示。若计算500 Hz以下的振动传递率曲线,初始子步计算为0.000 1 s;最小载荷步一般推荐为初始载荷步的1/10,故设置为0.000 01 s;最大载荷步的设置决定于计算的最高频率。为准确还原最高频率,对应的时域曲线在1个周期内有10个采样点[14],如式(8)所示,最大子步计算为0.000 2 s。根据奈奎斯特定律[15],要保证每个频率周期上至少存在2.56个采样点才能复现频域信息。
式中,Δtinitial为初始子步;fmax为最高求解频率;Δtmax为最大子步。完成对时域力信号的添加及载荷步的设置后,便可对瞬态动力学进行求解。力收敛曲线如图11所示,显示计算收敛性较好。本文涉及材料非线性、几何非线性、接触非线性,故需进行反复迭代求解,计算时间较长。
求解完成后,利用探针提取下基座底部力信号的时域数据,与输入的力信号一同进行快速傅里叶转换后,将力信号在频域上进行比较,便可得到仿真的振动传递率曲线。将仿真结果与测试结果进行比较,优化仿真模型,提升仿真预测的精度。优化后仿真结果与测试结果对比如图12所示。由图12可知,振动传递率的预测值与测试值的吻合度较好,趋势基本一致;仿真结果在126.5 Hz处出现峰值,测试结果在120.6 Hz处出现峰值,峰值频域误差为4.8%。
针对非线性橡胶的振动传递率进行仿真预测,通过搭建测试系统与仿真模型,得到测试振动传递率曲线与仿真振动传递率曲线,主要得出以下结论:
1)工程应力未考虑橡胶拉压过程中的变形情况,利用真实应力-应变数据定义橡胶材料的力学属性能够获取更高的仿真精度。
2)仿真得到的振动传递率曲线与测试曲线的吻合度较高,峰值频率误差为4.8%,能够起到对振动传递率的仿真预测。
3)基于瞬态动力学预测橡胶的振动传递率,需同时考虑结构非线性、材料非线性、接触非线性,计算时间较长。
4)实现了对隔振性能的仿真预测,后续对隔振器参数化建模,基于响应面法求取最优参数解便可实现隔振器结构与性能的优化提升。
  • 吉林省科技厅项目(YDZJ2021ZYTS150)
  • 海信家电研发中心基金项目(KJSKFXM2023040016)
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2025年第47卷第10期
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doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.10.009
  • 接收时间:2024-03-21
  • 首发时间:2026-02-11
  • 出版时间:2025-10-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-21
  • 修回日期:2024-04-16
基金
Jilin Provincial Department of Science and Technology Project(YDZJ2021ZYTS150)
吉林省科技厅项目(YDZJ2021ZYTS150)
Hisense Home Appliance R&D Center Project(KJSKFXM2023040016)
海信家电研发中心基金项目(KJSKFXM2023040016)
作者信息
    1.海信家电集团股份有限公司 研发中心,青岛 266100
    2.长春大学 机械与车辆工程学院,长春 130022

通讯作者:

张旭,男,1986年生,山东莱芜人,硕士,高级工程师;主要研究方向为先行技术的转化;E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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