Article(id=1228282192237888168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, issueId=1228282191159952029, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.10.005, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1704124800000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-02, revisedDate=1709136000000, revisedDateStr=2024-02-29, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770774895008, onlineDateStr=2026-02-11, pubDate=1760457600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770774895008, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-11, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770774895008, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770774895008, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1228282191159952029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, year='2025', volume='47', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='157', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770774894751, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770775890381, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1228286367227118244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, issueId=1228282191159952029, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1228286367227118245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, issueId=1228282191159952029, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=43, endPage=50, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1228282192447603372, articleId=1228282192237888168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, language=EN, title=Bifurcation and stability of coexistence attractors in a time-varying stiffness impact vibration system, columnId=1228282191914926752, journalTitle=Journal of Mechanical Strength, columnName=Vibration·Noise·Monitoring·Diagnosis, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Considering the time-varying stiffness characteristics of mechanical systems, a single-degree-of-freedom time-varying impact vibration system model with clearance stiffness was studied. The dynamic model and Poincaré map were established, and numerical calculation methods were given. The influence of the ratio of time-varying stiffness amplitudes on the dynamic response and characteristics of the system was analyzed using numerical simulation and the maximum Lyapunov exponent. By combining multiple initial value bifurcation diagrams, attraction domains, phase diagrams, and Poincaré mapping diagrams, the evolution and bifurcation of coexisting attractors in the system were studied by applying the continuation shooting method. When the bifurcation parameter changes and the system exhibits the coexistence phenomenon,the reasons for the appearance and disappearance of local attractors and the distribution mechanism of unstable attractors in the attraction domain before and after bifurcation are revealed. The stability change rule of coexisting attractors is obtained.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
JIN Hua, E-mail:
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考虑机械系统的刚度时变特性,以一类单自由度含间隙刚度时变碰振系统模型为对象,建立其动力学模型及Poincaré映射,并给出数值计算方法。利用数值仿真和最大Lyapunov指数分析时变刚度波动幅值比对系统的动力学响应和特性的影响。结合多初值分岔图、吸引域、相图和Poincaré映射图,应用延拓打靶法研究外激励变化,探究系统的共存吸引子演变与分岔。当分岔参数变化、系统出现共存现象时,揭示了局部吸引子出现与消失的原因以及不稳定吸引子在分岔前后吸引域的分布机制,得出共存吸引子稳定性改变规律。

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金花,女,1975年生,吉林和龙人,副教授;主要研究方向为机械系统动力学;E-mail:
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王昕,男,1973年生,吉林四平人,副教授;主要研究方向为机械系统动力学;E-mail:

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刚度时变碰振系统的共存吸引子的分岔与稳定性
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王昕 1 , 康凯 1, 2 , 金花 1
机械强度 | 振动·噪声·监测·诊断 2025,47(10): 43-50
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机械强度 | 振动·噪声·监测·诊断 2025, 47(10): 43-50
刚度时变碰振系统的共存吸引子的分岔与稳定性
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王昕1 , 康凯1, 2, 金花1
作者信息
  • 1.兰州交通大学 机电工程学院,兰州 730070
  • 2.中国铁路乌鲁木齐局集团有限公司乌鲁木齐机务段,乌鲁木齐 830023
  • 王昕,男,1973年生,吉林四平人,副教授;主要研究方向为机械系统动力学;E-mail:

通讯作者:

金花,女,1975年生,吉林和龙人,副教授;主要研究方向为机械系统动力学;E-mail:
Bifurcation and stability of coexistence attractors in a time-varying stiffness impact vibration system
Xin WANG1 , Kai KANG1, 2, Hua JIN1
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Mechanical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
  • 2.Urumqi Locomotive Depot of China Railway Urumqi Bureau Group Co., Ltd., Urumqi 830023, China
出版时间: 2025-10-15 doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.10.005
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考虑机械系统的刚度时变特性,以一类单自由度含间隙刚度时变碰振系统模型为对象,建立其动力学模型及Poincaré映射,并给出数值计算方法。利用数值仿真和最大Lyapunov指数分析时变刚度波动幅值比对系统的动力学响应和特性的影响。结合多初值分岔图、吸引域、相图和Poincaré映射图,应用延拓打靶法研究外激励变化,探究系统的共存吸引子演变与分岔。当分岔参数变化、系统出现共存现象时,揭示了局部吸引子出现与消失的原因以及不稳定吸引子在分岔前后吸引域的分布机制,得出共存吸引子稳定性改变规律。

刚度时变  /  振动系统  /  共存吸引子  /  稳定性  /  分岔

Considering the time-varying stiffness characteristics of mechanical systems, a single-degree-of-freedom time-varying impact vibration system model with clearance stiffness was studied. The dynamic model and Poincaré map were established, and numerical calculation methods were given. The influence of the ratio of time-varying stiffness amplitudes on the dynamic response and characteristics of the system was analyzed using numerical simulation and the maximum Lyapunov exponent. By combining multiple initial value bifurcation diagrams, attraction domains, phase diagrams, and Poincaré mapping diagrams, the evolution and bifurcation of coexisting attractors in the system were studied by applying the continuation shooting method. When the bifurcation parameter changes and the system exhibits the coexistence phenomenon,the reasons for the appearance and disappearance of local attractors and the distribution mechanism of unstable attractors in the attraction domain before and after bifurcation are revealed. The stability change rule of coexisting attractors is obtained.

Time-varying stiffness  /  Vibration system  /  Coexistence attractor  /  Stability  /  Bifurcation
王昕, 康凯, 金花. 刚度时变碰振系统的共存吸引子的分岔与稳定性. 机械强度, 2025 , 47 (10) : 43 -50 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.10.005
Xin WANG, Kai KANG, Hua JIN. Bifurcation and stability of coexistence attractors in a time-varying stiffness impact vibration system[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength, 2025 , 47 (10) : 43 -50 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.10.005
机械系统设计中刚度是重要参数之一,对机械系统的动力传递、负荷承载、变形和振动情况等具有重要影响。研究含刚度时变碰振系统,可以更加准确地预测参数对机械系统的动态响应,从而优化参数匹配与系统设计,提高机器设备的精度,延长使用寿命。目前,LIANG等[1]针对VH-CATT机床齿轮系统,基于切削原理并考虑时变刚度、间隙与激励因素,建立了刀盘-主轴系统非线性动力学模型,发现系统存在相交同宿轨,并揭示了系统全局分岔和各种运动状态之间的转换。NATALI等[2]考虑外部激励与时变刚度引起的参数激励,对单自由度凸轮-从动系统进行了分析,对凸轮-从动系统的动态行为进行定性表征。GHAZAVI等[3]通过采用非线性PD控制器和时变刚度项,发现转子系统分岔延迟发生,系统性能得到了改善。陈国辉等[4]发现,时变刚度对斜齿轮传动系统的影响主要表现在中低转速,随着齿宽和转矩增大影响更明显。苟向锋等[5]研究分析了单自由度直齿圆柱齿轮传动系统的安全特性,随着综合传递误差和时变刚度波动幅值增大,系统安全盆发生侵蚀和分岔。张悦等[6]考虑摆线槽曲率和啮合法向力对啮合刚度的影响,通过平衡方程求得了时变啮合刚度。
对于碰振系统以及碰振系统的共存吸引子,国内外学者做了大量的研究。李健等[7]提出一种计算非光滑动力学系统吸引子和吸引域的方法,并通过实例验证了其有效性。张惠等[8]针对含间隙及预紧弹簧的振动系统,分析了系统吸引子的共存和湮灭情况,发现擦边分岔和周期倍化分岔是导致系统出现吸引域边界分形的原因。GENDELMAN等[9]基于哈密顿力学建立了模型并分析吸引子的演变,发现非光滑的混合系统存在共存吸引子。吴鑫等[10]针对一类具有悬臂结构的碰撞振动系统,分析了系统在参数变化下的奇异非混沌动力学及多稳态共存现象。李得洋等[11]通过线性反馈控制方法有效控制了非光滑碰撞振动系统共存吸引子之间的相互转迁。朱喜锋等[12]研究了一类两自由度含非线性约束系统,发现随着激振频率与刚度比的变化,系统共存迟滞域也相应改变。安慧宁等[13]以不平衡转子系统为研究对象,分析了系统共存吸引子吸引域随系统参数变化的演变过程。
以上研究,在考虑刚度时变特性时,仅对系统的动态响应、运动转迁进行表征分析,缺少对多态共存现象的研究;而在考虑碰振系统共存现象时,对稳定的吸引子研究较多,却鲜有提及系统中不稳定的吸引子。因此本文考虑机械系统刚度时变特性,引入刚度时变弹性元件,建立单自由度含间隙刚度时变振动系统模型及Poincaré映射,利用数值仿真研究时变刚度波动幅值比对系统动力学的影响,并应用延拓打靶法分析激振频率变化下系统共存吸引子的演变与分岔,结合多初值分岔图与吸引域,揭示共存吸引子的吸引域的分布机制及诱导局部吸引子稳定性改变的原因。
图1为单自由度含间隙刚度时变碰振系统动力学简化模型。质量为M的振子通过阻尼系数为C的线性阻尼器和刚度为K(T)=KA+KMcos(ΩT+τ)、长度为2B的时变弹性约束元件连接于支撑,并受到简谐激励力P0sin(ΩT+τ)作用,在水平方向进行往返运动。以图1中质块静平衡位置为振子的坐标原点,向右运动为正方向,建立直角坐标系,振子位移用X表示。在简谐激励力作用下,当振子位移小于等于约束元件长度(|X|≤B)时,系统做无碰撞的自由运动;当振子位移大于约束元件长度(|X|>B)时,振子与约束元件碰撞接触并一起运动。
系统的无量纲运动微分方程为
f(x)为间隙的分段函数,其表达式为
式中,x=XKA/P0k为无量纲时变刚度波动幅值比,k=KM/(KM+KA);uk=K0/(K0+KA);b=KAB/P0。其中,ΩT分别为力学模型微分方程未无量纲化前的谐波函数的频率与时间;τ为初始相位角;KAKM分别为模型时变刚度的平均刚度与刚度波动幅值;X为模型振子的变量系数位移;C为阻尼系数;K0为模型原本线性刚度;P0为模型激励力的幅值。
由于约束的存在,在参数影响下系统存在3种运动状态:振子与约束左侧、右侧接触或振子不与约束接触。因此,系统运动状态空间被划分为3个状态子空间。令,定义边界函数h1(x)=x-bh2(x)=x+b,则
将式(1)、式(2)简化为标准形式,即
为研究系统的周期吸引子的动力学特性,选取Poincaré截面Π0={(xt)∈R2×S|mod(t,2nπ/ω)=0}作为定相位面,构造系统的Poincaré映射,统计Poincaré映射P:Π0→Π0系统运动轨迹流与Π0的相交次数确定周期数n、系统运动轨迹流在同周期数内进入空间V+次数为p、系统运动轨迹流在同周期数内进入空间V-次数为q。为更好地描述系统的运动状态,后续用符号“n-p-q”与“Un-p-q”表示系统稳定周期运动与不稳定周期运动。
碰振系统存在丰富的吸引子共存现象。为研究系统吸引子的转迁规律,本文应用数值延拓打靶法求解系统中的分岔点与不稳定周期吸引子,从而分析系统的分岔、混沌与共存行为。借助Poincaré映射P,将周期吸引子求解问题转化为求解映射P不动点问题,即
G(x0)≠0,则采用Newton-Raphson方法进行迭代求解,迭代格式为
式中,i为迭代次数。x0作为初值在映射P中进行数值计算求解得到。此时为周期n吸引子的不动点,其稳定性由的特征值进行判定。应用延拓打靶法,先将分岔参数μ∈[μ0μn]进行离散,采用打靶法求解周期吸引子x(μ0),选取Δμ作为延拓步长,变化参数μ=μ0μ,以x(μ0)为初值和其在Poincaré截面的切线方向迭代求解预估不动点x*(μ1),然后使用打靶法求解精确不动点x(μ1),依此类推,求得x(μn),从而得到不稳定周期吸引子延拓序列。预估不动点为
式中,G[μ0x(μ0)]=P[μ0x(μ0)]-x(μ0);∂G[μ0x(μ0)]/∂x=DP[μ0x(μ0)]-I;则∂G[μ0x(μ0)]/∂μ,由式(7)以初值[x(μ0),0]进行积分n个激振力周期得到。
时变刚度波动幅值比k主要受机械结构与材料特性的影响,针对此值变化分析系统运动特性有重要意义。为研究周期吸引子的转迁规律,令激振力初始相位角τ=0,选取系统参数ω=1.0,uk=0.95,ε=0.1,b=0.1,以时变刚度波动幅值比k为分岔参数,作系统在k∈[0.3,0.9]的增速(红色)、减速(蓝色)分岔图及对应最大Lyapunov指数(Largest Lyapunov Exponents,LLE)谱图。系统数值仿真如图2所示。
图2中,在k增长方向,系统初态响应表现为周期1运动,其相图如图3(a)所示。图3(a)中品红色圆点表示固定参数下系统吸引子Poincaré映射。随k的增大,系统先发生周期倍化分岔,周期1吸引子转迁为周期2吸引子,其相轨迹的拓扑结构在倍化前、后变化不大,如图3(b)所示。随后BC1、BC2、BC3与BC4处系统发生由混沌鞍与有序鞍碰撞引起的边界激变;其中在BC1与BC3进入混沌(混沌吸引子LLE值大于0),在BC2与BC4退变为小参数区间的周期运动,边界激变BC3前、后吸引子相轨迹如图3(c)图3(d)所示。
BC4处往后,随k的递增,系统经“慢激变”(有次序地发生倍化分岔、阵发混沌或激变进出混沌的行为)过渡转迁为周期1运动后抵达吸引子的共存迟滞域HR,HR的参数区间较小,继而跳跃突变为周期8吸引子,并在BC5处进入混沌。随后系统在MC1处发生合并激变并退出混沌,系统响应则是先由1个大的混沌吸引子分裂成7个小的混沌吸引子后经逆周期倍化转迁为周期7吸引子,合并激变MC1前、后混沌吸引子如图3(e)图3(f)所示;在k递增至MC2时,系统吸引子演变是由MC1退出混沌的逆转迁流程进入混沌。随着k不断增大,在IC1处,系统发生内部激变使得混沌吸引子尺寸发生由大变小的突变,如图3(g)图3(h)所示。后续系统经逆周期倍化序列终态响应表现为稳定的周期1运动。
综上所述,在参数时变刚度波动幅值比k的影响下,系统具有丰富的动力学特性。当k较小时,系统呈稳定简单的周期运动;当k递增时,系统运动逐渐复杂;当k在0.47~0.82时,系统出现混沌、激变、分岔以及共存行为;当k较大时,系统响应最终收敛转迁为稳定周期运动。因此,在工程实际中应合理匹配k值,以满足设计与工况需求。
合理的激振频率能确保机械系统运行安全稳定,故以激振频率ω为分岔参数变量,作系统增速(红色)、减速(蓝色)数值延拓分岔图,如图4所示。图4中,实线表示稳定周期吸引子,虚线表示不稳定周期吸引子,符号“✖”“◆”“●”分别表示周期倍化分岔点(PDi)、鞍结分岔点(SNi)和擦边分岔点(GRi),下标i表示分岔次序。
图4中,图4(a)的系统参数为k=0.25,uk=0.9,ε=0.05,b=2.6,τ=0;图4(b)图4(d)的系统参数除b=1.8外,其他参数与图4(a)一致;图4(c)图4(b)的放大图,图4(e)图4(d)的放大图。
图4(a)可知,对激振频率ω减速方向进行分析,系统初态为1-0-0运动,终态为1-1-1运动。初态吸引子1-0-0由周期倍化分岔PD1失稳并在PD6恢复稳定,PD1处产生了2个运动分支U1-0-0与2-0-0。其中吸引子2-0-0在SN1-GR1发生鞍结型擦边分岔(擦边诱导的鞍结分岔)转迁为U2-1-0,擦边分岔GR1前、后的相图和Poincaré映射如图5所示;随后增大ω,吸引子U2-1-0先发生不稳定擦边分岔GR2,后在鞍结分岔SN2恢复稳定并转迁为2-1-1。减小ω,吸引子2-1-1穿越周期泡[参见图4(a)左上角]后经GR3、GR4与PD6和U1-0-0吸引子相遇回到1-0-0。此后,继续减小ω,1-0-0吸引子在SN3-GR5失稳并经擦边分岔GR6转迁为U1-1-1,U1-1-1吸引子的末端SN4连接终态稳定1-1-1吸引子。上述中,鞍结分岔SN1与SN2、SN3与SN4之间的吸引子会在不同的初值条件下相互跃迁,从而形成迟滞域。
图4(b)可知,参数b减小,系统的初态、终态与分岔流程与图4(a)大致一致。不同的是,图4(b)终态1-1-1的端点SN6越过了SN1,使得系统迟滞域[SN1,SN2]与迟滞域[SN5,SN6]交叉,从而形成多吸引子共存现象;在图4(a)的基础上,图4(b)含有因多初值产生的新吸引子序列(深青色吸引子序列与品红色吸引子序列),且周期泡的区域在图4(b)中演变成了混沌吸引子,具体细节如图4(c)所示。
图4(c)中,吸引子2-1-1于PD2处连接2个运动分支4-2-2与U2-1-1。运动分支4-2-2随ω的递减从倍化序列演变为混沌吸引子(局部吸引子),在BC1(边界激变)消融于减速混沌吸引子;减速混沌吸引子经逆周期倍化分岔退变成周期吸引子,在SN4-GR3失稳,在SN3获得稳定,从而转迁为局部吸引子6-3-2;此后,减小ω,局部吸引子6-3-2于BC1终止。在PD3处,运动分支U2-1-1往左转迁为稳定吸引子2-1-1,吸引子2-1-1往右经倍化序列进入混沌吸引子终止于BC2。可见,系统响应对于激振频率ω的变化非常丰富,系统会出现由鞍结分岔引起的大区间吸引子共存现象。因此,减小参数ω取值区间,进一步研究共存吸引子的演变与分岔,如图4(d)所示。
图4(d)中,有2处独立的吸引子区域:增速、减速吸引子叠加区域和与鞍结点SN1、SN4连接的多初值吸引子[动力细节见图4(f)]区域。增速、减速吸引子和多初值吸引子演变与分岔具体流程如下:
其中,①、②描述的是增速、减速吸引子的转迁过程,③、④描述的是多初值吸引子的转迁过程。特别提及的是,鞍结型周期倍化分岔SN6-PD8的实质是周期倍化分岔PD8诱导发生鞍结分岔SN6,从而使得周期倍化分岔PD8表现出亚临界特征。
由上述分析可知,共存吸引子的出现都伴随着鞍结分岔的发生,且在部分参数影响下鞍结分岔还会引起系统出现局部新吸引子。出现的局部吸引子并不会随参数变化而逐渐稳定,不是终止于混沌经边界激变湮灭,就是经鞍结分岔消融于初始吸引子。
吸引子共存时,系统的动力学响应对初值条件非常敏感。为更好地分析共存吸引子的稳定性,选用第3节图4(b)所用参数,应用简单胞映射法作系统共存吸引子的吸引域,结果如图6所示。图6中,用线段标记的圆点“•”是与分岔图4(b)一致的吸引子,不同深浅的颜色分别代表分岔图中各个吸引子的吸引域。
在迟滞域[SN2,SN6],系统的共存吸引子保持一致,均有稳定的吸引子1-0-0与2-1-1和不稳定的吸引子U2-1-1,其吸引域如图6(a)所示。可见,两个稳定吸引子的吸引域相互缠绕,不稳定的吸引子则处在两稳定吸引子的吸引域边界。对比图6(a)图6(b),随着ω减小,在越过鞍结点SN6后,1-1-1吸引域出现并占据了系统部分吸引域,从而导致吸引子1-0-0与2-1-1的稳定性降低,此时三稳态共存。由图6(c)图6(d)可见,在迟滞域[SN1,SN3],6-3-2吸引子的吸引域出现在4-2-2吸引域内部并侵蚀4-2-2吸引域,致使吸引子4-2-2稳定性降低,从而在边界激变BC1处消融于混沌吸引子;6-3-2吸引子则在SN3处出现,终止于BC1,因而其稳定性随ω减小先增大后减小。结合图6(e)图6(g),在BC2左侧,6-3-3吸引子的吸引域内部出现局部混沌吸引子吸引域,使得6-3-3吸引子的稳定性受到影响,随ω减小逐渐降低。图6(g)图6(h)为周期倍化PD4与擦边分岔GR5前后的吸引域图。对比可见,系统吸引域结构没有明显变化,而吸引子2-1-0的吸引域再次减小,1-1-1吸引子的吸引域增大,原本处于2-1-0吸引子几何中心位置的不稳定吸引子U1-0-0转化为1-0-0。
图7所示为上述所有吸引域对应共存吸引子的相图与Poincaré映射。可见,随着ω的减小,吸引子1-1-1运动幅值越来越小,其稳定性不断增强;吸引子1-0-0幅值变大,稳定性减弱。
由上分析可知,吸引子共存且分岔参数单向变化时,参与分岔或吸引域内部出现局部吸引子,且幅值变大的吸引子稳定性会降低;反之,稳定性会增强。
本文考虑机械系统中由于材料特性以及外部扰动等因素所产生的刚度时变特性,建立了单自由度含间隙刚度时变振动系统动力学模型及Poincaré映射,研究了时变刚度波动幅值比对系统动态特性的影响,应用数值仿真和延拓打靶法对系统的共存吸引子的分岔与稳定性进行了分析,得到以下主要结论:
1)时变刚度波动幅值比k对系统的动力学特性影响较大。其中k值在[0.47,0.82]时,系统出现激变、混沌、分岔与共存,系统的运动转迁相对复杂。在其他参数合理的条件下,选择适当的材料与机械结构去匹配时变刚度波动幅值比,可以有效地提升系统的稳定性。
2)在部分参数影响下,鞍结分岔会引起系统出现局部新吸引子,形成多吸引共存现象。出现的局部吸引子不会随参数变化而逐渐稳定:若是终止于混沌,就经边界激变湮灭;若是终止于鞍结分岔,就消融于初始吸引子。
3)由鞍结分岔引起的不稳定吸引子都处在共存稳定吸引子吸引域的接壤边界上;由周期倍化分岔引起的不稳定吸引子都处在周期倍化后稳定吸引子的吸引域几何中心位置。在吸引子共存且分岔参数单向变化时,参与分岔或吸引域内部出现局部吸引子,且幅值变大的吸引子稳定性会降低;反之,稳定性增强。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(12062008)
  • 甘肃省科技计划项目(21JR7RA314)
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2025年第47卷第10期
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doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.10.005
  • 接收时间:2024-01-02
  • 首发时间:2026-02-11
  • 出版时间:2025-10-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-02
  • 修回日期:2024-02-29
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(12062008)
国家自然科学基金项目(12062008)
Science and Technology Plan of Gansu Province(21JR7RA314)
甘肃省科技计划项目(21JR7RA314)
作者信息
    1.兰州交通大学 机电工程学院,兰州 730070
    2.中国铁路乌鲁木齐局集团有限公司乌鲁木齐机务段,乌鲁木齐 830023

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金花,女,1975年生,吉林和龙人,副教授;主要研究方向为机械系统动力学;E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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