Article(id=1240594159501898479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, issueId=1240594155198534488, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.03.010, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1688313600000, receivedDateStr=2023-07-03, revisedDate=1689609600000, revisedDateStr=2023-07-18, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773710296750, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1741968000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773710296750, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773710296750, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773710296750, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240594155198534488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, year='2025', volume='47', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='158', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773710295724, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773714468205, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240611655898420098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, issueId=1240594155198534488, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240611655902614403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, issueId=1240594155198534488, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=82, endPage=89, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240594159736779511, articleId=1240594159501898479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, language=EN, title=Dynamics characteristic of a class of single-degree-of-freedom collision system under nonlinear constraint, columnId=1240594156813341537, journalTitle=Journal of Mechanical Strength, columnName=·Vibration·Noise·Monitoring·Diagnosis·, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A single-degree-of-freedom mechanical collision vibration system model with nonlinear terms and unilateral new nonlinear constraints was studied.The dynamics characteristics of the p/1 periodic motion of the system under low-frequency excitation were analyzed by using the variable-step fourth-order Runge-Kutta numerical algorithm and multi-parameter co-simulation.And the frequency hysteresis characteristics of the grazing bifurcation and saddle-node bifurcation in the p/1 periodic motion were analyzed.It was found that two different motions will exist at the same time,revealing the irreversibility of the transition between adjacent periodic motions.Finally, the influence of the change of the gap on the multi-state coexistence region of the system was studied.As the gap increases, the coexistence region of partial periodic motion decreases and transits to the low-frequency region.

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ZHU Xifeng, E-mail:
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研究了一类单自由度含非线性项以及单侧新型非线性约束机械碰撞振动系统模型,利用变步长4阶Runge-Kutta数值算法以及多参数协同仿真,分析该系统在低频激励下的p/1周期运动的动力学特性,以及擦边分岔与鞍结分岔在p/1周期运动中的频率迟滞特性,发现两种不同的运动会同时存在,揭示了相邻周期运动之间转迁不可逆。最后研究了间隙的改变对系统的多态共存区的影响,随着间隙的增大,部分周期运动共存区段减小并向低频区段过渡。

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朱喜锋,男,1980年生,河南虞城人,副教授,硕士研究生导师;主要研究方向为非线性动力学;E-mail:
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马成,男,1999年生,甘肃兰州人,硕士研究生;主要研究方向为非线性动力学;E-mail:

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一类非线性约束下单自由度碰撞系统的动力学特性
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马成 1 , 朱喜锋 1, 2 , 郑冬 1 , 付文斌 1
机械强度 | ·振动·噪声·监测·诊断· 2025,47(3): 82-89
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机械强度 | ·振动·噪声·监测·诊断· 2025, 47(3): 82-89
一类非线性约束下单自由度碰撞系统的动力学特性
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马成1 , 朱喜锋1, 2 , 郑冬1, 付文斌1
作者信息
  • 1.兰州交通大学 机电工程学院,兰州 730070
  • 2.甘肃省轨道交通装备系统动力学与可靠性重点实验室,兰州 730070
  • 马成,男,1999年生,甘肃兰州人,硕士研究生;主要研究方向为非线性动力学;E-mail:

通讯作者:

朱喜锋,男,1980年生,河南虞城人,副教授,硕士研究生导师;主要研究方向为非线性动力学;E-mail:
Dynamics characteristic of a class of single-degree-of-freedom collision system under nonlinear constraint
Cheng MA1 , Xifeng ZHU1, 2 , Dong ZHENG1, Wenbin FU1
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Mechanical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
  • 2.Key Laboratory of System Dynamics and Reliability of Rail Transport Equipment of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China
出版时间: 2025-03-15 doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.03.010
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研究了一类单自由度含非线性项以及单侧新型非线性约束机械碰撞振动系统模型,利用变步长4阶Runge-Kutta数值算法以及多参数协同仿真,分析该系统在低频激励下的p/1周期运动的动力学特性,以及擦边分岔与鞍结分岔在p/1周期运动中的频率迟滞特性,发现两种不同的运动会同时存在,揭示了相邻周期运动之间转迁不可逆。最后研究了间隙的改变对系统的多态共存区的影响,随着间隙的增大,部分周期运动共存区段减小并向低频区段过渡。

非线性约束  /  分岔  /  多参数协同  /  吸引子共存

A single-degree-of-freedom mechanical collision vibration system model with nonlinear terms and unilateral new nonlinear constraints was studied.The dynamics characteristics of the p/1 periodic motion of the system under low-frequency excitation were analyzed by using the variable-step fourth-order Runge-Kutta numerical algorithm and multi-parameter co-simulation.And the frequency hysteresis characteristics of the grazing bifurcation and saddle-node bifurcation in the p/1 periodic motion were analyzed.It was found that two different motions will exist at the same time,revealing the irreversibility of the transition between adjacent periodic motions.Finally, the influence of the change of the gap on the multi-state coexistence region of the system was studied.As the gap increases, the coexistence region of partial periodic motion decreases and transits to the low-frequency region.

Nonlinear constraint  /  Bifurcation  /  Multi-parameter coordination  /  Attractors coexistence
马成, 朱喜锋, 郑冬, 付文斌. 一类非线性约束下单自由度碰撞系统的动力学特性. 机械强度, 2025 , 47 (3) : 82 -89 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.03.010
Cheng MA, Xifeng ZHU, Dong ZHENG, Wenbin FU. Dynamics characteristic of a class of single-degree-of-freedom collision system under nonlinear constraint[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength, 2025 , 47 (3) : 82 -89 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.03.010
由于加工水平的影响,在机械设备中都会存在间隙及约束,在使用过程中设备内部相互作用导致碰撞振动,对机械设备的正常使用造成损害,这种现象的持续发生会影响使用寿命。因此,研究含间隙与约束的非线性动力学行为具有重要应用价值。国内外有大量学者对碰振系统进行了各种研究。罗冠炜等[1]研究了两自由度含间隙振动系统的对称周期碰撞运动,分析了不动点的稳定性与局部分岔,通过数值仿真揭示了系统的全局分岔过程,包括叉式、倍化与奇异性分岔。吴少培等[2]研究了一种基于“接触-分离”两状态的含间隙运动副动力学模型,给出了运动副接触与分离的条件,得到了系统Poincaré映射的线性化矩阵,发现了柔性杆件振幅跳跃时会出现两种稳态响应,引发鞍结分岔,在通向混沌的过程中系统出现叉式和倍化分岔,倍化分岔序列因擦边分岔的出现而中断,最终通过Feigenbaum倍周期序列达到混沌状态。朱喜锋等[3-4]研究了弹性和刚性约束的含间隙碰撞振动系统在低频中的动力学特性,揭示了随着激振频率的降低,p/1运动中碰撞次数p因擦边分岔而不断增加,当碰撞次数足够大时,系统转变为颤碰运动,描述了1/1周期运动到颤碰运动的转变规律。何波等[5]240-246设计了一种拉伸式准零刚度隔振器,采用正负刚度并联原理对低频隔振进行处理,确定了使系统在平衡位置实现准零刚度的参数条件,研究了系统在简谐力作用下的幅频响应和多稳态区域。李国芳等[6-10]通过计算机数值仿真对碰撞振动系统的动力学特性、系统的稳定性、多吸引子共存,混沌控制等问题进行了研究。DAI等[11]105234对比了线性约束与准零刚度非线性约束的冲击振子的振动传递和功率流特性,通过应用谐波平衡近似和数值积分方法,获得了系统在谐波激励下的稳态响应。这一研究为了解线性和非线性约束对振动传递中刚度和阻尼特性的影响提供了有益的参考,提出了几类新型非线性约束,为本文研究提供了参考约束模型。
目前,大多数国内外学者对于同时含有非线性项、非线性约束以及间隙的碰撞振动系统的颤碰运动和转迁规律的研究较少。考虑非线性项及非线性约束使得该研究更加贴合实际情况,本文通过建立单自由度含非线性项以及非线性约束的动力学模型,通过Poincaré映射方法以及胞映射法,分析了该碰撞振动系统各周期运动的转迁规律,吸引子共存现象以及间隙对周期共存区的影响。
首先,建立了一类单自由度含单侧非线性约束振动系统的力学模型,如图1所示;其次,分析其运动过程,建立该系统的运动微分方程,最后利用数值仿真讨论单自由度含单侧非线性约束振动系统的动力学行为。
质量为M的物块通过非线性弹簧和非线性阻尼连接固定在墙面上,非线性弹簧的线性与非线性系数分别为K1K2,非线性阻尼的线性与非线性系数分别为C1C2。物块受到简谐激振力Psin(ΩT+τ),仅沿水平方向做直线运动。当激振小时属于简单线性振子,激振力较大时,物块位移等于B时,物块M1与非线性约束开始发生碰撞。
物块M1尚未碰到约束时系统的动力学微分方程为
与线性约束相比,该非线性约束多一对刚度为Kv的横向弹簧,且刚度系数为Kh的弹簧与阻尼系数为Ch的阻尼器耦合,可忽略它们的质量,并连接在一起,如图2所示。文献[5]240-246、文献[11]105234中将这种非线性约束用于隔振器中,与线性约束进行了对比。文献[5]240-246中关于该约束得到的结论如下:该非线性约束比线性约束起始隔振频率降低50%左右,实现低频隔振,隔振性能更优。文献[11]105234关于该约束得到的结论如下:该非线性约束便于在峰值频率附近调节力传递率和振动功率的水平。弹性碰撞使简单的系统变成了具有复杂动力学行为的碰撞冲击运动。横向弹簧未变形长度为l0,刚度系数为Kv。当B点处于平衡位置时,弹簧进行压缩后其长度变为l。当物块位移大于间隙δ时,横向约束开始变形。
该约束中阻尼是弱的,则约束处约束的恢复力为
通过变形该约束力近似为
用泰勒近似展开,。结果表明,侧向弹簧对的使用增加了1个线性项和1个非线性项,因此非线性约束可能具有所谓的准零刚度(Quasi-zero stiffness)特性。
其中,δ=X1-BU(δ)用于判断物块是否与约束接触:
为了使复杂的动力学系统分析普遍,引入无量纲量:
系统的无量纲方程为
q=p/n表示系统的周期谐运动与周期,p(=1、2、…)表示质块的碰撞次数,n(=1、2、…)表示外部激励周期数,构建Poincaré映射,选择
质块的映射表示为
式中,Xv为实参数,XR2vRmX(i)=(x(i)ẋ(i)τ(i))TX(i+1)=(x(i+1)ẋ(i+1)τ(i+1))T
系统的动力学特性由多个参数决定,其中频率ω、间隙δ这两个参数最为关键。基于多参数协同仿真法,选定激振频率ω和间隙δ为分岔参数,得到系统在(ωδ)协同变化下的双参数域图以及三维分岔图如图3所示。
ω∈[0,3],δ∈[0,1.5]为取样范围,通过数值计算的方法计算出(ωδ)平面的双参分岔图,如图3(a)所示。其中不同的p/n运动用不同的颜色表示,黑色区域为混沌区域,用Chaos标识,未识别的运动用灰色表示。在图3(a)的左下角区域,即低频、小间隙工况下存在p/1周期运动组成的带状区域,直观地表现出p/1周期运动随着参数的改变转迁为(p+1)/p周期运动。由图3(a)可知,当ω>1的中高频区主要存在0/1、1/1、2/2、1/2等周期运动,而在低频区主要以p/1周期运动为主,且p/1单周期多碰撞周期运动的碰撞次数p随着频率的递减而增加。图3(b)是三维分岔图。由图3(b)可以直观地看出,激振频率ω和间隙δ对物块冲击速度的影响。随着激振频率ω的减小,系统在间隙较小时呈现出丰富动力学特性。因此,有必要研究小间隙工况对动力学特性的影响,故在第4节研究了间隙的改变对周期共存区的影响。
图4(a)是以激振频率ω为横坐标,物块碰撞前速度为纵坐标得到的单参数碰撞面分岔图,图4(b)是系统选定固定相位面作为Poincaré映射截面所得到的周期面分岔图,其中间隙选择δ=0.05。由图4(a)可以观察到,当ω=0.948 0时,物块碰撞的1/1周期运动发生擦边分岔,碰撞次数p加1变为2/1周期运动[图5(a)]。图5的所有运动相图中红色虚线代表间隙δ,用来观察是否发生擦边分岔,当发生擦边分岔时,在运动相图中体现为最内侧运动相图轨迹与红色虚线相切,反之则表示发生的不是擦边运动。当ω减小至ω=0.669 0、2/1周期运动时再次发生擦边运动进入3/1周期运动,运动相图如图5(b)所示。随着ω减小至0.568 5时,3/1周期运动会经历倍化分岔进入6/2亚谐运动,图5(c)ω=0.543 0时的6/2亚谐运动的运动相图,之后6/2亚谐运动发生倍化分岔并经历一系列复杂运动后进入混沌运动,经过短暂混沌运动后随即退出。当ω减小至0.435 0时进入8/2亚谐运动。随着ω的继续减小8/2亚谐运动在ω=0.427 0时发生逆倍化分岔进入4/1周期运动,随后4/1周期运动发生擦边分岔,碰撞次数p加1进入5/1周期运动,图5(e)为4/1周期运动发生擦边分岔时的运动相图,图5(f)ω=0.326 0时5/1周期运动的运动相图,最终进入颤碰。因此,随着ω的减小,p/1运动通过擦边、倍化、逆倍化最终进入颤碰运动。转迁规律如下,其中GBif为擦边分岔,为颤碰运动:
利用控制变量法以激振频率ω为单一变量作为分岔图参数,进行增减速求解。图6中红色实线代表激振频率ω增大时的分岔图,蓝色实线代表激振频率ω减小时的分岔图。图6(a)、图6(b)分别为增减速分岔图,从图6(c)、图6(d)增减速对比图中可以清晰地看出增减速分岔图的分岔点的位置不同,以及增减速之间其他动力学特性的区别。激振频率ω减小时发生擦边分岔,倍化分岔,逆倍化分岔,最终成为(p+1)/n周期运动。频率ω增大时,发生鞍结分岔,由(p+1)/n周期运动转迁为p/n周期运动。频率ω变化导致相邻周期运动不可逆,在相邻的p/n运动和(p+1)/n运动之间会产生迟滞区域,因此对迟滞区域的研究极其具有意义。选取部分频率区间作为研究对象得到该碰撞系统局部周期运动共存区的分岔图,如图7(a)~图7(c),分别表示1/1周期运动与2/1周期运动的共存区域,2/1周期运动与3/1周期运动的共存区域,4/1周期运动与5/1周期运动的共存区域,从中可以发现,在每一个迟滞区内存在多吸引子共存的现象。以4/1周期运动与5/1周期运动的共存区域为研究对象,共存区在ω∈(0.358 0,0.365 5)的频率区间内。当ω=0.358 0时,5/1周期运动发生鞍结分岔转迁为4/1周期运动;当ω减小至ω=0.358 0时,4/1周期运动发生擦边分岔转迁为5/1周期运动。给定不同的初始状态,系统在这两种运动之间转迁,但是不可逆。为了进一步研究,图8(a)给出了ω=0.683 0时2/1和3/1周期运动共存吸引子相图,图8(b)ω=0.363 0时得到的4/1和5/1周期运动共存吸引子相图,两张运动相图表明系统处于周期共存区,即使给定了相同分岔参数ω,由于初始运动状态不同,系统所呈现的周期运动也不相同。
为进一步研究周期共存区内不同吸引域的分布,结合胞映射思想,选取初态域并将其划为400×400个状态胞,对相平面进行映射,可得共存区在映射过后的吸引域图。图8所示为初态域下4/1周期运动与5/1周期运动吸引子共存的演化过程,蓝色代表4/1周期运动,红色代表5/1周期运动。图9(a)~图9(f)表示系统的激振频率ω分别为0.359 0、0.360 0、0.361 0、0.362 0、0.362 5、0.363 5时,4/1与5/1周期运动的吸引域分布图。当ω=0.359 0时,红色面积明显大于蓝色面积,5/1周期运动的稳定性大于4/1周期运动的稳定性;当ω=0.362 0时,两种颜色的区域面积近似相等,说明两种周期运动稳定性相同;当ω=0.363 5时,蓝色区域面积明显大于红色区域面积,则说明4/1周期运动更加稳定。因此,在该初态域内随着ω的增大,4/1周期运动的分布区域会逐渐增大,即4/1周期运动的稳定性在此激振频率的初态域范围内会逐渐增大。
其他参数保持不变,改变参数δ,得到不同的碰撞面分岔图。图10(a)~图10(c)中参数δ分别为0.05、0.10、0.15。选定ω∈(0.3,0.7)作为研究区间,得到该机械振动系统在不同δ下的分岔图,发现随着间隙δ的增大,系统的动力学特性会发生变化,分岔图中的周期共存区会提前出现。先以2/1周期运动与3/1周期运动共存区为研究对象,其中当δ=0.05时共存区范围为ω∈(0.948 0,0.991 5),当δ=0.10时共存区范围为ω∈(0.929 0,0.968 5),当δ=0.15时共存区范围为ω∈(0.912 0,0.946 5)。当δ增大时,即在δ=0.10和δ=0.15时出现了3/1周期运动和4/1周期运动共存区,范围分别为ω∈(0.407 0,0.412 5)和ω∈(0.393 0,0.400 0)。再以4/1周期运动与5/1周期运动共存为研究对象,当δ=0.05时共存区范围为ω∈(0.358 0,0.365 5),当δ=0.10时共存区范围为ω∈(0.350 2,0.357 5),当δ=0.15时共存区范围为ω∈(0.345 0,0.350 5)。综上可知,改变间隙δ,其他参数不变,会使得部分频率区间内的系统的力学特性趋于简单,多态共存区的频率范围会提前出现,且范围变小。
建立了一类单自由度含单侧非线性约束机械碰撞振动系统模型,研究其不同运动的转迁,得到如下结论:
1)选定其他基准参数,随着ω的减小,周期运动的转迁主要通过擦边分岔,随着ω的增大,周期运动的转迁主要通过鞍结分岔,并且其过渡区会出现复杂的周期运动。
2)擦边分岔和鞍结分岔的发生位置不同,导致出现一个迟滞域,并且转迁不可逆,会出现多态吸引子共存。且随着ω的增大,p/1周期运动比(p+1)/1周期运动更加稳定。
3)改变间隙δ,随着间隙增大,多态共存区的频率范围会提前出现,且范围变小,部分运动由复杂变简单。
  • 甘肃省科技计划项目(20JR5RA424)
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2025年第47卷第3期
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doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.03.010
  • 接收时间:2023-07-03
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2025-03-15
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  • 收稿日期:2023-07-03
  • 修回日期:2023-07-18
基金
Science and Technology Plan of Gansu Province(20JR5RA424)
甘肃省科技计划项目(20JR5RA424)
作者信息
    1.兰州交通大学 机电工程学院,兰州 730070
    2.甘肃省轨道交通装备系统动力学与可靠性重点实验室,兰州 730070

通讯作者:

朱喜锋,男,1980年生,河南虞城人,副教授,硕士研究生导师;主要研究方向为非线性动力学;E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
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红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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