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Article(id=1240594156045783897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, issueId=1240594155198534488, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.03.007, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1691683200000, receivedDateStr=2023-08-11, revisedDate=1697299200000, revisedDateStr=2023-10-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773710295925, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1741968000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773710295925, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773710295925, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773710295925, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240594155198534488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, year='2025', volume='47', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='158', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773710295724, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773714468205, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240611655898420098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, issueId=1240594155198534488, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240611655902614403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, issueId=1240594155198534488, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=60, endPage=66, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240594156335190877, articleId=1240594156045783897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, language=EN, title=Numerical simulation and test verification of Maxwell disk type permanent magnet damping roller device, columnId=1228282192162390694, journalTitle=Journal of Mechanical Strength, columnName=Experimental Research·Testing Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To solve the problems of high-power downstream belt conveyors in large inclination angles, high belt speed conditions which are very prone to flying cars and belt breakage, a kind of disk-type adjustable permanent magnet damping roller device was put forward by adjusting the size of the area of engagement between the permanent magnet and the coil to realize the braking adjustment. The Maxwell software was used to study the transient magnetic density distribution law of the disk-type permanent magnet damping device under stable conditions and the changing law of damping torque by different air gap thicknesses, and the test bench was built for test verification. The results show that with the increase of the air gap thickness, the magnetic density gradually increases, up to 2.1 T. The damping moment increase when air gap thickness is from 1 mm to 2 mm, the damping moment decrease when from 2 mm to 3.5 mm. The research can provide data support for improving and optimizing high-power downstream belt conveyors.

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WANG Di, E-mail：
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为解决大功率下运带式输送机在大倾角、高带速条件下极易出现的飞车及断带等问题，提出一种通过调节永磁体与线圈啮合面积大小来实现制动调节的盘式可调永磁阻尼托辊装置。利用Maxwell软件研究了稳定条件下盘式永磁阻尼装置的瞬态磁密分布规律及不同气隙厚度下阻尼力矩的变化规律，并搭建试验台进行试验验证。结果表明，随气隙厚度增大，磁密逐渐增大，最大可达2.1 T；气隙厚度由1 mm增至2 mm时阻尼力矩增大，由2 mm增至3.5 mm时阻尼力矩减小。上述结果可为大功率下运带式输送机的改进与优化提供数据支撑。

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王镝，男，1996年生，辽宁朝阳人，在读硕士研究生；主要研究方向为机械设计及理论；E-mail：。
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毛君，男，1960年生，辽宁岫岩人，博士，教授，博士研究生导师；主要研究方向为系统动态特性；E-mail：。

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毛君，男，1960年生，辽宁岫岩人，博士，教授，博士研究生导师；主要研究方向为系统动态特性；E-mail：。

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毛君，男，1960年生，辽宁岫岩人，博士，教授，博士研究生导师；主要研究方向为系统动态特性；E-mail：。

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articleId=1240594156045783897, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=阻尼力矩), Keyword(id=1240594170209947999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1240594156045783897, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=有限元分析)], refs=[Reference(id=1240594177789055546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1240594156045783897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=9, pageEnd=16, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=［1］, rfOrder=0, authorNames=朱文军, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=朱文军. -32°超大倾角下运带式输送机研制与应用[D]. 青岛：山东科技大学，2017：9-16., articleTitle=-32°超大倾角下运带式输送机研制与应用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240594177919078974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1240594156045783897, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=9, pageEnd=16, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=［1］, rfOrder=1, authorNames=ZHU Wenjun, journalName=null, 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Xi’an：Chang’an University，2013：59-70.（In Chinese）, articleTitle=Research on the magnetic field of permanent magnet governor based on ANSYS, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240594177478677041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1240594156045783897, awardId=51774162; 51874158, language=EN, fundingSource=General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(51774162; 51874158), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240594177646449205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1240594156045783897, awardId=51774162; 51874158, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金面上项目(51774162; 51874158), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240594166007255221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1240594156045783897, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240594166015643827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1240594156045783897, 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label=Fig.16, caption=Comparative analysis of test and simulation errors, figureFileSmall=dpilThvqNQN3+sDHBZq6PA==, figureFileBig=7D+o2JMG84756mcEbQspBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240594175297638920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1240594156045783897, language=CN, label=图16, caption=试验与仿真误差对比分析, figureFileSmall=dpilThvqNQN3+sDHBZq6PA==, figureFileBig=7D+o2JMG84756mcEbQspBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240594175377330704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1240594156045783897, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Basic parameters of damping device

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参数Parameter值Value
永磁体材料Permanent magnet materialNdFe35
铜线圈材料Copper coil material—
永磁体外径Outer diameter of permanent magnet/mm70
永磁体内径Inner diameter of permanent magnet/mm50
永磁体厚度Thickness of permanent magnet/mm10
气隙厚度Thickness of air gap/mm2
托辊外径Outer diameter of roller/mm95
), ArticleFig(id=1240594175477994004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1240594156045783897, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

阻尼装置基本参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数Parameter值Value
永磁体材料Permanent magnet materialNdFe35
铜线圈材料Copper coil material—
永磁体外径Outer diameter of permanent magnet/mm70
永磁体内径Inner diameter of permanent magnet/mm50
永磁体厚度Thickness of permanent magnet/mm10
气隙厚度Thickness of air gap/mm2
托辊外径Outer diameter of roller/mm95
), ArticleFig(id=1240594175578657308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1240594156045783897, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Damping torque values

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时间
Time/ms		阻尼力矩
Damping moment/(N·m)		时间
Time/ms		阻尼力矩
Damping moment/(N·m)
100.669 25801.433 01
201.132 72901.345 14
301.327 761001.294 93
401.415 631101.264 03
501.511 221201.246 65
601.518 941301.238 93
701.484 181401.238 95
稳定值Stabilization value/(N·m)1.238 94
), ArticleFig(id=1240594175670932001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1240594156045783897, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

阻尼力矩数值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间
Time/ms		阻尼力矩
Damping moment/(N·m)		时间
Time/ms		阻尼力矩
Damping moment/(N·m)
100.669 25801.433 01
201.132 72901.345 14
301.327 761001.294 93
401.415 631101.264 03
501.511 221201.246 65
601.518 941301.238 93
701.484 181401.238 95
稳定值Stabilization value/(N·m)1.238 94
), ArticleFig(id=1240594175767400996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1240594156045783897, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Numerical results of test simulation of ordinary rollers and damping rollers

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气隙厚度
Air gap thickness/mm		永磁阻尼托辊
Permanent magnetic damping roller
试验阻尼力矩
Test damping moment/（N·m）		仿真阻尼力矩
Simulated damping moment/（N·m）
1.000.474 080.484 32
1.500.897 350.923 24
2.001.213 091.238 94
2.500.592 690.634 99
3.000.238 910.254 93
3.500.081 420.087 73
), ArticleFig(id=1240594177285739051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999626482147330, articleId=1240594156045783897, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

普通托辊与阻尼托辊试验仿真数值结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
气隙厚度
Air gap thickness/mm		永磁阻尼托辊
Permanent magnetic damping roller
试验阻尼力矩
Test damping moment/（N·m）		仿真阻尼力矩
Simulated damping moment/（N·m）
1.000.474 080.484 32
1.500.897 350.923 24
2.001.213 091.238 94
2.500.592 690.634 99
3.000.238 910.254 93
3.500.081 420.087 73
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基于Maxwell盘式永磁阻尼托辊装置的数值模拟及试验验证
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毛君 , 王镝 , 谢苗 , 李思遥 , 刘亚峰
机械强度 | ·实验研究·测试技术· 2025,47(3): 60-66
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机械强度 | ·实验研究·测试技术· 2025, 47(3): 60-66
基于Maxwell盘式永磁阻尼托辊装置的数值模拟及试验验证
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毛君 , 王镝 , 谢苗, 李思遥, 刘亚峰
作者信息
  • 辽宁工程技术大学 机械工程学院，阜新　123000

    • 毛君，男，1960年生，辽宁岫岩人，博士，教授，博士研究生导师；主要研究方向为系统动态特性；E-mail：。

通讯作者:

王镝，男，1996年生，辽宁朝阳人，在读硕士研究生；主要研究方向为机械设计及理论；E-mail：。
Numerical simulation and test verification of Maxwell disk type permanent magnet damping roller device
Jun MAO , Di WANG , Miao XIE, Siyao LI, Yafeng LIU
Affiliations
  • School of Mechanical Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123000, China
出版时间: 2025-03-15 doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.03.007
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摘要
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为解决大功率下运带式输送机在大倾角、高带速条件下极易出现的飞车及断带等问题，提出一种通过调节永磁体与线圈啮合面积大小来实现制动调节的盘式可调永磁阻尼托辊装置。利用Maxwell软件研究了稳定条件下盘式永磁阻尼装置的瞬态磁密分布规律及不同气隙厚度下阻尼力矩的变化规律，并搭建试验台进行试验验证。结果表明，随气隙厚度增大，磁密逐渐增大，最大可达2.1 T；气隙厚度由1 mm增至2 mm时阻尼力矩增大，由2 mm增至3.5 mm时阻尼力矩减小。上述结果可为大功率下运带式输送机的改进与优化提供数据支撑。

带式输送机  /  阻尼托辊  /  Maxwell软件  /  阻尼力矩  /  有限元分析

To solve the problems of high-power downstream belt conveyors in large inclination angles, high belt speed conditions which are very prone to flying cars and belt breakage, a kind of disk-type adjustable permanent magnet damping roller device was put forward by adjusting the size of the area of engagement between the permanent magnet and the coil to realize the braking adjustment. The Maxwell software was used to study the transient magnetic density distribution law of the disk-type permanent magnet damping device under stable conditions and the changing law of damping torque by different air gap thicknesses, and the test bench was built for test verification. The results show that with the increase of the air gap thickness, the magnetic density gradually increases, up to 2.1 T. The damping moment increase when air gap thickness is from 1 mm to 2 mm, the damping moment decrease when from 2 mm to 3.5 mm. The research can provide data support for improving and optimizing high-power downstream belt conveyors.

Belt conveyor  /  Damping roller  /  Maxwell software  /  Damping moment  /  Finite element analysis
毛君, 王镝, 谢苗, 李思遥, 刘亚峰. 基于Maxwell盘式永磁阻尼托辊装置的数值模拟及试验验证. 机械强度, 2025 , 47 (3) : 60 -66 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.03.007
Jun MAO, Di WANG, Miao XIE, Siyao LI, Yafeng LIU. Numerical simulation and test verification of Maxwell disk type permanent magnet damping roller device[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength, 2025 , 47 (3) : 60 -66 . DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.03.007
正文
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0　引言
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目前，皮带下山带式输送机主要采取两种制动措施，一种是在带式输送机运行过程中对速度的限制；另一种就是用来停车的制动[1]。但是这样的制动方式易导致制动装置结构过于庞大、制动时输送带张力不均、温度过高和系统响应速度迟缓等情况[2]。近年来，为解决下运带式输送机的制动难题，许多学者都致力于探索新的解决方法，希望在这一关键技术研究中取得突破。王继东等3］通过分析下运输送机制动阻尼托辊，并在研究托辊表面的运动及形变规律的基础上，完成了带式输送机制动阻尼托辊的布置方案及制动托辊单体结构设计，延长了托辊的使用寿命，改善了作业环境。孙中圣等[4]设计了一种新型筒式永磁调速器，通过调节永磁转子和导体转子的相对位置来实现调速，同时建立了有限元模型，并对其磁场进行瞬态分析，通过分析结果与试验结果对比验证了新型筒式永磁调试器的准确性。
为了提升带式输送机运行时的工作稳定性，改善带式输送机的运行工况，本文提出将盘式永磁涡流阻尼托辊替代普通托辊应用在带式输送机上。采用盘式永磁阻尼托辊代替机械托辊能有效地提高带式输送机的旋转阻力，抵抗物料下滑所产生的摩擦力，并使输送带制动时张力均匀分布，降低事故发生的概率，从而有效地保证了大倾角下运带式输送机的运行稳定性。
1　盘式永磁阻尼托辊结构和工作原理
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可调盘式永磁阻尼托辊结构如图1所示，其主要由铜线圈、永磁体和伸缩杆组成。其中，永磁体采用NdFe35永磁材料，具有低温、高矫顽力以及良好的稳定性，而且N极、S极交替排列，固定在永磁体支撑架上[5]，铜线圈则嵌入在托辊皮上，伸缩杆与阻尼托辊轴相连，从而实现了可调阻尼效果。
盘式永磁阻尼托辊实物如图2所示。当托辊旋转时铜线圈与辊皮同步运动并相对永磁体做旋转运动；此时铜线圈会做切割磁感线运动，并在线圈内部产生感应电涡流，带有感应电流的铜线圈会在转动过程中产生较大的洛伦兹力[6]。由电磁感应定律可知，洛伦兹力阻碍托辊的旋转运动。因此，本系统利用蜗轮蜗杆传动，可将电动机的旋转转化为伸缩杆的直线行走，并且可以根据需要，对电动机的正负转动做出相应的操作。这样就可以根据不同的情况来调整永磁体和铜线圈的接触面积，最终实现对托辊力矩的有效控制。
2　托辊磁场分析与阻尼力矩计算
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2.1　磁场分析
如图3所示，将永磁托辊磁场整个结构域划分为5个相同的楔形圆柱区域：背铁（区域1）、永磁体（区域2）、气隙（区域3）、铜线圈（区域4）、背铁（区域5）[7]。除了角相位移外，永磁体和涡流分布是相同的，因此磁场在θ方向上呈现出奇周期性。图3中所示的整个结构域受平面θ=-π/2p和θ=π/2p的限制，其中p是极对数。为了简化该边值问题的解，重要的是注意到区域1的背铁半径已经扩展到R3，因此假设图3中的所有材料介质均为线性表现[8]。
盘式永磁阻尼装置磁路如图4所示。盘式永磁阻尼装置的磁路由主磁路、气隙漏磁回路和槽漏磁回路3个部分构成，其中漏磁量的大小将直接影响装置的传输功率及其性能。因此，按照磁路分析并进行假设[9]：①永磁体产生的磁通只通过与磁极相对的圆形区域，忽略漏磁[10]；②永磁体磁场在气隙中均匀分布；③铜线圈的磁导率为常数；④不考虑磁饱和现象对结果的影响。
2.2　磁感应强度的计算
等效磁路如图5所示。图5(a)所示为1对磁极的等效磁路，图5(b)所示为1个磁极的等效磁路，所以整个磁路的总磁阻为
式中，Rf为总磁阻；Rf0为磁钢磁阻；Rf1为铜线圈磁阻；Rδ为气隙磁阻；Rf2为永磁体磁阻；Rf3为背铁磁阻。
因为永磁体、磁钢、气隙的相对磁导率μ≈1，它们的磁阻相对来说比较大；而磁钢用磁铁所制，其相对磁导率较大，所以它的磁阻Rf0相对较小，能够近似不计。则进一步简化的磁阻[11]为
式中，δ为气隙的间隔值；lf1为磁钢厚度；lf2为永磁体厚度；lf3为磁路距离；μ0为真空磁导率；Af为涡流的区域面积。
当永磁阻尼装置正常工作时，因为磁钢产生的反向磁场与存在的原磁场进行矢量叠加[12]，所以磁路中的总磁动电势为
式中，F为总磁电动势；F1为原磁场等效磁势，F1=Heh；F2为涡流产生的反向电动势，F2=keie。其中，He为原磁场强度；ke为等效折算系数，取值范围为0.8∼2.5；ie为涡流有效值。
由于涡流具有集肤效应，涡流环产生的电阻dR为
区域1内的瞬时涡流为
式中，r为涡流区域半径；E为感应电动势。
则涡流有效值为
又因为磁通量为
随意两个相反方向的磁场叠加后的磁感应强度为
式中，ω为磁场变化角速度；t为时间。
2.3　阻尼制动力矩的计算
当托辊运动时，永磁体扇形区域的磁场强度会发生显著的波动，永磁体扇形区域磁通量变化过程为ϕf→0→ϕf→0→ϕf，一直重复此规律，经过分析，这种规律遵循余弦定律，因而永磁体的磁场强度[13]可以表示为
式中，Np为磁极对数；ωσ为托辊转动的角速度；Δn为转速差。
则磁通变化所产生的感应电动势E为
永磁阻尼装置每个定子盘上有n个最大直径为D的线圈，则单个永磁体在周期T内的有效功率Pe为
则总的制动功率P为
故n个永磁体产生的阻尼力矩Mr为
3　盘式永磁阻尼托辊的数值模拟
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在伸缩装置的作用下永磁体沿轴向方向移动来改变其与铜线圈啮合面积的大小，从而达到改变阻尼力矩的目的。当啮合面积较小或者不啮合时所产生的阻尼力矩也较小，故本文中在某矿中使用的永磁托辊均为完全啮合状态，永磁体选用NdFe35永磁材料。永磁体N极、S极相间分布在永磁体支撑架上。使用SolidWorks软件，可以将永磁阻尼装置的三维模型转换为.X_T格式，并将其导入Maxwell 3D瞬态求解器中，以便对永磁体N极、S极相间分布的装置进行仿真分析[14]。根据图6和表1，可以看到可调盘式永磁阻尼装置的模型简图和相关参数。
设置铜线圈材质为铜，设置求解域及运动区域材质均为空气。通过多次反复的手动划分，最终获得了1个含392 158个四面体单元的网格，这样可以大幅提高仿真的准确性。
可调盘式永磁阻尼装置磁感应强度矢量图如图7所示，可知整体的磁感应强度可达2.23 T；从永磁体出发，沿轴向方向穿过铜线圈与气隙，最终返回到相邻的永磁体，形成一个闭合回路。
图8为永磁阻尼装置磁钢处磁感应强度矢量图。由图8可知，磁钢处磁感应强度最大可达1.38 T。
永磁阻尼装置线圈中点处磁感应强度矢量图如图9所示。根据电磁感应定律，图9中的铜线圈具有高达1.6 T的磁感应强度，这种磁场能够有效地抑制托辊的运动，从而保证其正常的工作状态。
永磁阻尼装置线圈气隙处磁感应强度矢量图如图10所示。其中，气隙磁感应强度可达1.6 T，说明距离永磁体越近，磁感应强度越大。
永磁阻尼装置的轴向磁通三维气隙磁密分布如图11所示。图11呈现出扇形的分布方式，并且磁通密度在气隙厚度和周向上的强度逐渐增加，其中气隙磁感应强度最大可达2.1 T。从中心的永磁体开始，在气隙内部磁通密度开始较小，随着距离的增加磁通密度逐渐增大。同时，在气隙的周向上，磁通密度也随着角度的增加而逐渐增强。这种扇形的磁密分布方式可以归因于气隙的结构和磁场的分布特性[15]。由于气隙的存在，磁通在周向上会受到一定的限制，导致磁场在该方向上逐渐增强。同时，气隙的厚度不断增加，磁通也会逐渐增大，但当厚度达到一定程度时磁通会随之变小。
基于某矿现场实际工况参数，根据仿真结果可得，盘式永磁托辊阻尼装置在转速为347 r/min时的阻尼力矩如图12所示，在一个周期内，其响应时间为60 ms，初始阻尼力矩为0，随着转速提高阻尼力矩先急速增长，然后趋于稳定并在60 ms时达到最大值。阻尼力矩随时间变化值如表2所示。
图13所示为一个周期内不同气隙厚度下阻尼力矩曲线，永磁阻尼装置不改变其他结构尺寸参数，仅改变气隙的厚度。气隙厚度分别设置为1、1.5、2、2.5、3、3.5 mm。由图13可知，在不同气隙厚度条件下，阻尼力矩的变化趋势是一致的。其中，阻尼力矩在气隙厚度为2 mm时达到最大值。这是因为当永磁体与铜线圈接触过近时，永磁体的强大吸力会限制托辊的转动。而当气隙厚度从1 mm增加至2 mm的过程中，这种限制就会逐渐减弱。随着气隙厚度的增加，阻尼力矩也会呈现出正相关的变化。气隙厚度从2 mm增加到3.5 mm，磁感应强度逐渐降低，最终达到一个稳定的状态。因此，阻尼力矩的变化是一个复杂的过程，需要结合气隙的特性来进行调节。在进行阻尼托辊的选择时可以根据实际工况利用伸缩装置对气隙厚度进行调节。
4　试验验证
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为了验证仿真结果的准确性，需要对某矿带式输送机的永磁阻尼托辊进行试验，以收集大量的数据，并将试验结果与仿真结果进行比较，以便更好地理解带式输送机运行时，皮带和煤的压陷阻力和旋转阻力的变化情况。如图14所示，采用普通托辊和盘式永磁阻尼托辊进行测试。通过对普通托辊的测量，可以基本估算出永磁阻尼托辊的压陷阻力[16]。因此，可以将其与普通托辊的测量结果相比较，从而推算出永磁阻尼托辊的阻尼力和阻尼力矩的大小，这样就可以更准确地估算出永磁阻尼托辊的性能。
在现场试验中，使用了一种盘式永磁阻尼托辊，它的主要部分包括带式输送机皮带下山运输系统（长约596 m），如图15所示。还使用了阻力传感器、阻力传感器分站、传感系统电源、数据采集系统、信号转接系统和上位机[17]。在试验过程中，采用15 ℃恒温的洞室环境，运输均载约为300 N，输送带张紧力保证不打滑，带速为1.6 m/s。在皮带机运转平稳后，采集了300个连续数据点的压陷阻力和压陷滚动阻力系数。经过一系列的测试发现，不同的托辊阻尼力矩有着显著的差异，其中气隙厚度分别为1、1.5、2、2.5、3、3.5 mm，仿真结果如表3所示。
根据表3的分析，由于实际操作的复杂性，加上设备振荡、输送带碰撞、煤炭掉落等因素，使得模拟结果与实际测量的结果有较大的出入。
由于在制动过程中铜线圈切割磁感线会在铜线圈内部产生涡流效应并伴随大量的热，导致试验结果与仿真结果相比较低（表3）。如图16所示，对比仿真结果与试验结果可知，盘式永磁阻尼托辊力矩的试验值与仿真值的最大误差为0.042 30 N·m，最大相对误差为7.75%，不超过10%，在可接受范围内，说明试验与仿真结果比较吻合，为本项目大倾角皮带下山带式输送机更好地制动提供了有力数据支撑。
5　结论
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基于盘式永磁阻尼托辊模型，分析气隙厚度对阻尼力矩的影响规律，主要得出以下结论：
1）通过有限元技术，详细探讨了盘式永磁阻尼托辊的特性，利用SolidWorks软件创造出了一个完整的三维模拟，从而更好地了解了它的结构和工作机制。
2）借助Maxwell软件对盘式永磁阻尼装置在3D瞬态求解器中进行有限元分析，探究永磁阻尼装置的气隙厚度对阻尼力矩的影响。结果表明，当气隙厚度从1 mm增加至2 mm时，阻尼力矩的值与气隙大小成正相关；当气隙厚度继续增加，从2 mm增加至3.5 mm，气隙值增大时，阻尼力矩与气隙大小成负相关。
3） 通过对盘式永磁阻尼托辊的试验研究发现，永磁阻尼托辊具有良好的阻尼特性，可以有效地抑制冲击力，从而满足制动需求。此外，在保持恒定的带速和永磁体厚度不变的情况下，试验结果表明，随着气隙厚度的增加，阻尼力矩会先上升，然后逐渐降低，最后趋于稳定。经过试验和仿真的比较，发现结果非常接近，这证明了仿真的准确性，为大功率下运带式输送机的改进与优化提供了数据支撑。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目(51774162; 51874158)
文献
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2025年第47卷第3期
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doi: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.03.007
  • 接收时间：2023-08-11
  • 首发时间：2026-03-17
  • 出版时间：2025-03-15
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  • 收稿日期：2023-08-11
  • 修回日期：2023-10-15
基金
General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(51774162; 51874158)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(51774162; 51874158)
作者信息
    辽宁工程技术大学 机械工程学院，阜新　123000

通讯作者:

王镝，男，1996年生，辽宁朝阳人，在读硕士研究生；主要研究方向为机械设计及理论；E-mail：。
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