菌物学报

Species	Specimen voucher	GenBank accession number
Arthonia apotheciorum	Sweden; Frisch 11/Se23 (UPS)	KJ850970	KJ851148
Arthonia calcarea	France; Ertz 7539 (BR)	EU704064	EU704028
Arthonia radiata	Sweden; Frisch 11/Se25 (UPS)	KJ850969	KJ851109
Arthonia subfuscicola	Sweden; Frisch 11/Se15 (UPS)	KJ850972	KJ851111
Coniocarpon cinnabarinum	Norway; Johnsen 111003 (UPS)	KJ850976	KJ851103
Coniocarpon cinnabarinum 1	Uganda; Frisch 11/Ug297 (UPS)	KJ850977	KJ851104
Coniocarpon cinnabarinum 2	Uganda; Frisch 11/Ug296 (UPS)	KP870158	KP870170
Coniocarpon cinnabarinum 3	Rwanda; Ertz 8730 (BR)	EU704046	EU704009
Coniocarpon fallax	Great Britain (L10175)	KJ850979	KJ851101
Herpothallon inopinatum	Mexico; Rudolphi 12 (UPS)	KJ850964	KJ851099
Reichlingia leopoldii	Belgium; Ertz 13294 (BR)	JF830774	HQ454723
Reichlingia syncesioides	Uganda; Frisch 11/Ug14 (UPS)	KF707651	KF707656
Reichlingia zwackhii	Sweden; Thor 26800 (UPS)	KF707652	HQ454655
Synarthonia aurantiacopruinosa	DR Congo; van den Broeck 5764 (BR)	MH251874	MH271697
Synarthonia albopruinosa	DR Congo; van den Broeck 6086 (BR)	MH251873	MH271696
Synarthonia fuscata	DR Congo; van den Broeck 6101 (BR)	MH251875	MH271706
Synarthonia hainanensis	China; HN250146 (LCUF)	PX404716	NA
Synarthonia inconspicua 1	Florida; Common 10048 (hb Common)	MH251878	NA
Synarthonia inconspicua 2	Madagascar; Ertz 19739A (BR)	MH251879	MH271700
Synarthonia inconspicua 3	Uganda; van den Broeck 6325 (BR)	MH251880	MH271701
Synarthonia inconspicua 4	Tanzania; van den Broeck 7013B (BR)	MH251881	MH271702
Synarthonia inconspicua 5	Tanzania; van den Broeck 7034 (BR)	MH251882	MH271703
Synarthonia josephiana	Madagascar; Ertz 19739B (BR)	MH251876	MH271698
Synarthonia muriformis 1	Uganda; Frisch 11/Ug41 (UPS)	KJ851025	KJ851100
Synarthonia muriformis 2	Madagascar; Ertz 19344 (BR)	MH251877	MH271699
Synarthonia ochracea	France; van den Broeck 6653 (BR)	MH251884	MH271705
Synarthonia pilosella	Rwanda; Ertz 7808 (BR)	MH251883	MH271704

Species	Specimen voucher	GenBank accession number
Arthonia apotheciorum	Sweden; Frisch 11/Se23 (UPS)	KJ850970	KJ851148
Arthonia calcarea	France; Ertz 7539 (BR)	EU704064	EU704028
Arthonia radiata	Sweden; Frisch 11/Se25 (UPS)	KJ850969	KJ851109
Arthonia subfuscicola	Sweden; Frisch 11/Se15 (UPS)	KJ850972	KJ851111
Coniocarpon cinnabarinum	Norway; Johnsen 111003 (UPS)	KJ850976	KJ851103
Coniocarpon cinnabarinum 1	Uganda; Frisch 11/Ug297 (UPS)	KJ850977	KJ851104
Coniocarpon cinnabarinum 2	Uganda; Frisch 11/Ug296 (UPS)	KP870158	KP870170
Coniocarpon cinnabarinum 3	Rwanda; Ertz 8730 (BR)	EU704046	EU704009
Coniocarpon fallax	Great Britain (L10175)	KJ850979	KJ851101
Herpothallon inopinatum	Mexico; Rudolphi 12 (UPS)	KJ850964	KJ851099
Reichlingia leopoldii	Belgium; Ertz 13294 (BR)	JF830774	HQ454723
Reichlingia syncesioides	Uganda; Frisch 11/Ug14 (UPS)	KF707651	KF707656
Reichlingia zwackhii	Sweden; Thor 26800 (UPS)	KF707652	HQ454655
Synarthonia aurantiacopruinosa	DR Congo; van den Broeck 5764 (BR)	MH251874	MH271697
Synarthonia albopruinosa	DR Congo; van den Broeck 6086 (BR)	MH251873	MH271696
Synarthonia fuscata	DR Congo; van den Broeck 6101 (BR)	MH251875	MH271706
Synarthonia hainanensis	China; HN250146 (LCUF)	PX404716	NA
Synarthonia inconspicua 1	Florida; Common 10048 (hb Common)	MH251878	NA
Synarthonia inconspicua 2	Madagascar; Ertz 19739A (BR)	MH251879	MH271700
Synarthonia inconspicua 3	Uganda; van den Broeck 6325 (BR)	MH251880	MH271701
Synarthonia inconspicua 4	Tanzania; van den Broeck 7013B (BR)	MH251881	MH271702
Synarthonia inconspicua 5	Tanzania; van den Broeck 7034 (BR)	MH251882	MH271703
Synarthonia josephiana	Madagascar; Ertz 19739B (BR)	MH251876	MH271698
Synarthonia muriformis 1	Uganda; Frisch 11/Ug41 (UPS)	KJ851025	KJ851100
Synarthonia muriformis 2	Madagascar; Ertz 19344 (BR)	MH251877	MH271699
Synarthonia ochracea	France; van den Broeck 6653 (BR)	MH251884	MH271705
Synarthonia pilosella	Rwanda; Ertz 7808 (BR)	MH251883	MH271704

中国海南异斑衣属Synarthonia (斑衣菌科、斑衣菌目)一新种

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郝成悦 ¹ , 崔璨 ¹ , 蒋淑华 ²^,^* , 贾泽峰 ¹^,^*

菌物学报 | 研究论文 2026,45(4): 250288

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菌物学报 | 研究论文 2026, 45(4): 250288

中国海南异斑衣属Synarthonia (斑衣菌科、斑衣菌目)一新种

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郝成悦¹, 崔璨¹, 蒋淑华²^,^*, 贾泽峰¹^,^*

作者信息

¹ 聊城大学农业与生物学院，山东聊城 252059

² 中国科学院微生物研究所，北京 100101

A new species of Synarthonia (Arthoniaceae, Arthoniales) from Hainan Province, tropical China

Chengyue HAO¹, Can CUI¹, Shuhua JIANG²^,^*, Zefeng JIA¹^,^*

Affiliations

¹ College of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, Shandong, China

² Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

出版时间: 2026-04-22 doi: 10.13346/j.mycosystema.250288

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摘要

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本研究根据形态学、化学及系统发育分析发现异斑衣属Synarthonia一新种——海南异斑衣Synarthonia hainanensis，该种分布于中国海南省。其主要特征为地衣体白绿色；子囊果短线状至长线状，红棕色至黑色，无粉霜；子实层遇碘变红紫色；子囊顶环K/I无反应；子囊孢子透明，具4横隔，呈长卵圆形，大小为18-24.5 × 6.5-9.5 µm，顶端细胞增大。本文提供了该新种的分子数据、分类学描述、形态学和解剖学特征图片以及与相似物种区别的讨论。此外，本文提供了世界已知该属25种地衣的分种检索表。

关键词

地衣型真菌 / 形态学 / 系统发育学 / 分类学 / 新种

Abstract

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Based on morphological, chemical, and phylogenetic analyses, a new species of the lichenized fungal genus Synarthonia, Synarthonia hainanensis, is described. This species is currently known only from Hainan Province. Synarthonia hainanensis is characterized by whitish-green thallus, short lirelliform to elongate, reddish-brown to black and epruinose ascomata, I+ reddish-purple hymenium, K/I- blue distinct ocular chamber in the asci, hyaline, 4-septate, and oblong-ovoid ascospores with the size of 18-24.5 × 6.5-9.5 µm. Molecular data, detailed taxonomic description, and images illustrating the morphological and anatomical characteristics of the new species are provided. A discussion on the differences between the new species and its similar species is also included. In addition, a key to 25 species of this genus is presented herein.

Key words

lichenized fungi / morphology / phylogeny / taxonomy / new species

引用本文

郝成悦, 崔璨, 蒋淑华, 贾泽峰. 中国海南异斑衣属Synarthonia (斑衣菌科、斑衣菌目)一新种. 菌物学报, 2026 , 45 (4) : 250288 - . DOI: 10.13346/j.mycosystema.250288

Chengyue HAO, Can CUI, Shuhua JIANG, Zefeng JIA. A new species of Synarthonia (Arthoniaceae, Arthoniales) from Hainan Province, tropical China[J]. Mycosystema, 2026 , 45 (4) : 250288 - . DOI: 10.13346/j.mycosystema.250288

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The genus Synarthonia Müll. Arg. was described by Johannes Müller Argoviensis, with Synarthonia bicolor Müll. Arg. from Costa Rica designated as the type species (Müller 1891). Joseph & Sinha (2015) noted that Reichlingia Diederich & Scheid (Frisch et al. 2014) and Synarthonia shared the morphological features of the individual ascomata, and they suggested the synonymy of Reichlingia and Synarthonia. Subsequently, van den Broeck et al. (2018) reaffirmed Synarthonia as a distinct genus within the Arthoniaceae and reinstated its taxonomic status, based on an integrated analysis of molecular and morphological data. They described six new species, established ten new combinations, and provided an identification key for the 20 known species of the genus, thereby clarifying the phylogenetic position of Synarthonia within the Arthoniaceae.

The genus Synarthonia is characterized by ascomata often aggregated in clusters, and Arthonia-type asci producing transversely septate ascospores with enlarged apical cell or muriform ascospores (Joseph & Sinha 2015; van den Broeck et al. 2018). Additional diagnostic features include: white, greyish or orange-pruinose, pale brown and almost translucent or blackish-brown disc with thallus remnants, 8-spored asci, and the presence or absence of K/I+ blue ring-like structures in the tholus. These characters are also used to distinguish species within the genus (Cannon et al. 2020).

Wei (2020) documented eight genera of Arthoniaceae from China. However, the only Synarthonia species, S. lopingensis (Zahlbr.) van den Broeck, Frisch & Ertz, was recorded under the name Arthonia lopingensis Zahlbr. In the present study, we provide a key to all known Synarthonia species and present a phylogenetic tree illustrating the position of the new species within the genus, based on chemical, morphological, and molecular data.

1 MATERIALS AND METHODS

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1.1 Morphological and chemical analyses

The specimen examined was collected from Hainan Province of China and deposited in the Fungarium of Liaocheng University (LCUF). An Olympus dissecting microscope (SZX16) and an Olympus light microscope (BX53) were used for morphological and anatomical studies. Spot tests with K (10% aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide), C (saturated solution of aqueous sodium hypochlorite), P (saturated solution of p-phenylenediamine in 95% ethylalcohol), and UV (fluorescence at 365 nm) were performed on the surface of thallus. The lichen substances were detected and identified using a UV light source and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) in solvent C (Orange et al. 2001).

1.2 DNA extraction, PCR sequencing and phylogenetic analysis

Genomic DNA was extracted from the ascomata and thallus of the specimen using DNA secure Plant Kit (Tsingke) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The mtSSU region was amplified using the primer pair mtSSU1/3R (Zoller et al. 1999). Polymerase chain reaction cycling conditions were set to an initial denaturation at 95 ℃ for 5 min; followed by 35 cycles of denaturation at 95 ℃ for 45 s, annealing at 50 ℃ for 1 min, extension at 72 ℃ for 1.5 min; and a final extension at 72 ℃ for 10 min (He & Jia 2023). The PCR products were checked on 1% electrophoresis gels stained with ethidium bromide, and sequenced by Tsingke Biotech Co., Ltd.

The new sequence was assembled via Geneious v.9.0.2 (Biomatters Ltd.), and compared with available sequences in the GenBank database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST/). All available sequences of Synarthonia were selected for further analysis (Table 1), with Herpothallon inopinatum Frisch & G. Thor (belonging to Arthoniaceae, Arthoniales) as the outgroup. The assembled sequences were aligned with the online version of MAFFT v.7 (https://mafft.cbrc.jp/alignment/server/, accessed on 6 October 2025). Ambiguously aligned regions were delimited using Gblocks v.0.91b with the least stringent selection (Castresana 2000). Geneious v.2025.0.2 was used to concatenate the mtSSU and RPB2 genes and produce a two-locus dataset. Maximum likelihood (ML) analysis and Bayesian inference (BI) were used to infer phylogenetic trees based on the concatenated mtSSU and RPB2 datasets. The maximum likelihood analysis was conducted with the RAxML-HPC 2 on ACCESS v.8.2.12 employing a GTRGAMMA approximation with a rapid bootstrap analysis of 1 000 replicates on the CIPRES scientific gateway portal (http://www.phylo.org/portal2/, accessed on 6 October 2025) for verification (Miller et al. 2010; Stamatakis 2014). For BI analysis, PartitionFinder 2 (Lanfear et al. 2017) was used to determine the best-fit model for each partition. Based on the results, the GTR+F+I+G4 model was used for mtSSU and the GTR+F+I+G4 model for RPB2. Bayesian Inference phylogenies were inferred using MrBayes v.3.2 under partition model (Ronquist et al. 2012). A run with 2 million generations, in which the initial 25% of sampled data were discarded as burn-in. Bayesian inference posterior probability (BIPP) equal to and above 95% was considered significant support and shown at the nodes. Generated phylogenetic trees were visualized under Figtree v.1.4.4 and edited in Adobe Illustrator CC2019 software.

2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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2.1 Phylogenetic analyses

Twenty-seven specimens comprising 52 DNA sequences (27 mtSSU sequences and 25 RPB2 sequences), including 1 mtSSU sequences newly generated in this study were used (Table 1). Phylogenetic trees obtained from ML and BI showed the same topology; therefore, only the Bayesian tree is presented here, with BS ≥ 70% for ML analysis and PP ≥ 0.95 for Bayesian analysis.

In the phylogenetic tree (Fig. 1), the main well-supported lineages of Synarthonia are following the results obtained by van den Broeck et al. (2018). The specimen of Synarthonia hainanensis sp. nov. forms a well-supported monophyletic clade (72/0.95, BS/PP) (Fig. 1). Based on the differences in phylogeny and morphology compared to other species, Synarthonia hainanensis is described here as new to science.

2.2 Taxonomy

Synarthonia hainanensis C.Y. Hao, S.H. Jiang & Z.F. Jia, sp. nov. Fig. 2

Fungal Names: FN 573014

Chinese name: 海南异斑衣

Etymology: The specific epithet hainanensis refers to the type locality, Hainan Province.

Diagnosis: The new species externally resembles Synarthonia fuscata van den Broeck & Ertz., but differs by the longer asci with the presence of a K/I- blue ring-like structure, and the longer, broader ascospores.

Type: China. Hainan Province: Baisha County, Yinggeling Nature Reserve, alt. 605 m, on bark, 1 January 2025, Shuhao Jiang HN250146 (Holotype, LCUF; GenBank PX404716 for mtSSU).

Description: Thallus whitish-green, smooth, continuous to cracked. Prothallus a black to brown compact line in contact with other lichens. Photobiont trentepohlioid, forming a distinct algal layer, irregular, angular. Ascomata usually solitary, reddish-brown to black, 0.2-0.9 × 0.15-0.25 mm, lirellate, slightly elevated above thallus level, scattered more or less evenly over the thallus; disc flat and epruinose. Excipulum 15-17.5 µm wide, with loosely intricate hyphae, I+ orange-yellow, inspersed with orange-brown granules which are K+ uncompletely dissolving. Epihymenium 6-12 µm tall, and inspersed with orange-brown granules which are K+ uncompletely dissolving. Hymenium 57-68.5 µm tall, hyaline to pale brown, not inspersed, I+ redish-purple, K/I+ greenish-blue. Paraphysoids loosely intricate around the asci, ca. 2 µm, hyaline to light brown. Hypothecium 10-21 µm thick, pale brown, composed of loosely intricate hyphae, inspersed with orange granules, K+ uncompletely dissolving and darken. Asci 8-spored, 45-70.5 × 18-26.5 µm (N=7), clavate, obovoid to ellipsoid, stipitate, occasionally with a distinct ocular chamber, K/I-. Ascospores 18-24.5 × 6.5-9.5 µm (N=20), hyaline, with enlarged apical cell, oblong-ovoid, 4-septate, becoming brown at late maturity sometimes already in the asci. Pycnidia black, more or less immersed or slightly elevated above thallus level. Conidia not observed.

Chemistry: Thallus K-, C-, KC-, UV-. No substances were detected by TLC.

Ecology and distribution: The new species is distributed in tropical forest in Hainan Province of China, growing on bark.

Notes: Synarthonia fuscata van den Broeck & Ertz resembles the new species in having epruinose ascomata, but differs by the smaller ascospores and the presence of a K/I+ blue ring-like structure in the ascus. S. josephiana resembles the new species in similar ascospores size, but can be distinguished by its rounded, black ascomata, and the presence of a K/I+ blue ring-like structure in the ascus. Synarthonia sikkimensis S. Joseph & G.P. Sinha can be distinguished from S. hainanensis by its sorediate thallus. The similar species S. muriformis and S. sarcographoides differ by their muriform ascospores. Synarthonia albopruinosa, S. astroidestera, S. aurantiacopruinosa, S. borbonica, S. ferruginea, S. hodgesii, S. inconspicua, S. karunaratnei, S. ochracea, S. pilosella, S. psoromica, S. rimeliicola, and S. stigmatidialis are distinguished from the new species by the presence of pruina on their ascomata.

Key to the species of Synarthonia

1. Thallus sorediate S. sikkimensis

1. Thallus esorediate or absent 2

2. Ascospores muriform 3

2. Ascospores transversely septate 5

3. Ascospores 22.0-36.5 × 10.0-14.5 µm S. muriformis

3. Ascospores <22 µm long 4

4. Ascospores 20.0-22.0 × 11.0-12.5 µm S. sarcographoides

4. Ascospores 20-22 × 8-9 µm S. xanthosarcographoides

5. Ascomata epruinose or with remnants of thallus, appearing black or dull brown 6

5. Ascomata distinctly orange or white pruinose, or appearing bright orange 8

6. Ascospores usually 3-septate S. fuscata

6. Ascospores usually 4-septate 7

7. A K/I- blue ring-like structure in the ascus S. hainanensis

7. A K/I+ blue ring-like structure in the ascus S. josephiana

8. Ascomata with orange pruina or pigmentation 9

8. Ascomata white or greyish pruinose 16

9. Ascospores consistently 2-septate; 9.0-10.5 × 3.5-4.5 µm S. karunaratnei

9. Ascospores with more septa; exceeding 10.5 µm in length 10

10. Ascospores consistently 5-septate; 19.5-27.0 µm S. ferruginea

10. Ascospores (2-)3(-4)-septate; not exceeding 20 µm in length 11

11. Hymenium I+ blue, rapidly turning into red 12

11. Hymenium persistently I+ blue [S. ochracea complex] 13

12. Ascospores 7.0-8.0 µm broad; asci with a K/I+ blue ring like structure in the tholus S. borbonica

12. Ascospores 5.5-6.5 µm broad; asci without a K/I+ blue ring like structure in the tholus S. aurantiacopruinosa

13. Ascomata evenly orange, with a non-granulose pigmentation; lichenicolous on Graphis lineola in southeastern North America S. hodgesii

13. Ascomata brown to brownish black, with orange pruina; lichenized or lichenicolous on Graphis species in Cuba, E Asia or Europe 14

14. Ascomata not aggregated in clusters; lichenicolous on unknown Graphis species in Cuba S. ochrodes

14. Ascomata aggregated in irregular clusters; lichenized or lichenicolous on Graphis species in E Asia or Europe 15

15. Ascomata in irregular star-shaped clusters; lichenized or lichenicolous on different species of Graphis (including G. handelii, G. intricata and G. mikuraensis) in E Asia (China, Japan) S. lopingensis

15. Ascomata in irregular lobed clusters; lichenized or lichenicolous on Graphis scripta s. lat. in Europe S. ochracea

16. Lichenicolous, independent thallus absent, on thallus of Parmeliaceae S. rimeliicola

16. Not lichenicolous, independent thallus present 17

17. Psoromic acid present 18

17. Psoromic acid absent 19

18. Corticolous S. psoromica

18. Saxicolous S. leproidica

19. Ascospores 9-14 µm wide S. robertiana

19. Ascospores <9 µm wide 20

20. Hymenium I+ blue 21

20. Hymenium I+ red or I+ blue turning red 22

21. Ascospores 2-septate S. xanthonica

21. Ascospores (3-)4(-5)-septate S. stigmatidialis

22. Clusters of ascomata not elongated with individual ascomata arranged in lines and usually not star-shaped S. inconspicua

22. Clusters of ascomata mainly elongated with individual ascomata arranged in lines or ascomata star-shaped 23

23. Thallus and ascomata UV- or UV+ pale yellowish (xanthone absent) S. albopruinosa

23. Thallus and/or ascomata UV+ brightly orange-yellow (xanthone present, at least patchily) 24

24. Ascomata without hyaline hair like extensions; ascospores 18-24 µm long, (3-)4-septate; hypothecium I+ blue; hymenial disc often thinly pruinose appearing then greyish to dark brown-almost blackish; Europe S. astroidestera

24. Ascomata with hyaline hair like extensions; ascospores 14.5-19.0 µm long, (2-)3(-4)-septate; hypothecium I+ red; hymenial disc heavily white pruinose and pale brown-orange when pruina removed; tropical Africa S. pilosella

基金

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国家自然科学基金(31750001)
山东省自然科学基金(ZR2023QC245)

参考文献

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文献

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2026年第45卷第4期

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文章信息

doi: 10.13346/j.mycosystema.250288

接收时间：2025-10-10
首发时间：2026-04-30
出版时间：2026-04-22

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出版历史

收稿日期：2025-10-10
录用日期：2025-11-27

基金

National Natural Science Foundation of China(31750001)

国家自然科学基金(31750001)

Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation, China(ZR2023QC245)

山东省自然科学基金(ZR2023QC245)

作者信息

¹ 聊城大学农业与生物学院，山东聊城 252059

² 中国科学院微生物研究所，北京 100101

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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Species	Specimen voucher	GenBank accession number
Arthonia apotheciorum	Sweden; Frisch 11/Se23 (UPS)	KJ850970	KJ851148
Arthonia calcarea	France; Ertz 7539 (BR)	EU704064	EU704028
Arthonia radiata	Sweden; Frisch 11/Se25 (UPS)	KJ850969	KJ851109
Arthonia subfuscicola	Sweden; Frisch 11/Se15 (UPS)	KJ850972	KJ851111
Coniocarpon cinnabarinum	Norway; Johnsen 111003 (UPS)	KJ850976	KJ851103
Coniocarpon cinnabarinum 1	Uganda; Frisch 11/Ug297 (UPS)	KJ850977	KJ851104
Coniocarpon cinnabarinum 2	Uganda; Frisch 11/Ug296 (UPS)	KP870158	KP870170
Coniocarpon cinnabarinum 3	Rwanda; Ertz 8730 (BR)	EU704046	EU704009
Coniocarpon fallax	Great Britain (L10175)	KJ850979	KJ851101
Herpothallon inopinatum	Mexico; Rudolphi 12 (UPS)	KJ850964	KJ851099
Reichlingia leopoldii	Belgium; Ertz 13294 (BR)	JF830774	HQ454723
Reichlingia syncesioides	Uganda; Frisch 11/Ug14 (UPS)	KF707651	KF707656
Reichlingia zwackhii	Sweden; Thor 26800 (UPS)	KF707652	HQ454655
Synarthonia aurantiacopruinosa	DR Congo; van den Broeck 5764 (BR)	MH251874	MH271697
Synarthonia albopruinosa	DR Congo; van den Broeck 6086 (BR)	MH251873	MH271696
Synarthonia fuscata	DR Congo; van den Broeck 6101 (BR)	MH251875	MH271706
Synarthonia hainanensis	China; HN250146 (LCUF)	PX404716	NA
Synarthonia inconspicua 1	Florida; Common 10048 (hb Common)	MH251878	NA
Synarthonia inconspicua 2	Madagascar; Ertz 19739A (BR)	MH251879	MH271700
Synarthonia inconspicua 3	Uganda; van den Broeck 6325 (BR)	MH251880	MH271701
Synarthonia inconspicua 4	Tanzania; van den Broeck 7013B (BR)	MH251881	MH271702
Synarthonia inconspicua 5	Tanzania; van den Broeck 7034 (BR)	MH251882	MH271703
Synarthonia josephiana	Madagascar; Ertz 19739B (BR)	MH251876	MH271698
Synarthonia muriformis 1	Uganda; Frisch 11/Ug41 (UPS)	KJ851025	KJ851100
Synarthonia muriformis 2	Madagascar; Ertz 19344 (BR)	MH251877	MH271699
Synarthonia ochracea	France; van den Broeck 6653 (BR)	MH251884	MH271705
Synarthonia pilosella	Rwanda; Ertz 7808 (BR)	MH251883	MH271704

Species

Specimen voucher

GenBank accession number

mtSSU

RPB2

Arthonia apotheciorum

Sweden; Frisch 11/Se23 (UPS)

KJ850970

KJ851148

Arthonia calcarea

France; Ertz 7539 (BR)

EU704064

EU704028

Arthonia radiata

Sweden; Frisch 11/Se25 (UPS)

KJ850969

KJ851109

Arthonia subfuscicola

Sweden; Frisch 11/Se15 (UPS)

KJ850972

KJ851111

Coniocarpon cinnabarinum

Norway; Johnsen 111003 (UPS)

KJ850976

KJ851103

Coniocarpon cinnabarinum 1

Uganda; Frisch 11/Ug297 (UPS)

KJ850977

KJ851104

Coniocarpon cinnabarinum 2

Uganda; Frisch 11/Ug296 (UPS)

KP870158

KP870170

Coniocarpon cinnabarinum 3

Rwanda; Ertz 8730 (BR)

EU704046

EU704009

Coniocarpon fallax

Great Britain (L10175)

KJ850979

KJ851101

Herpothallon inopinatum

Mexico; Rudolphi 12 (UPS)

KJ850964

KJ851099

Reichlingia leopoldii

Belgium; Ertz 13294 (BR)

JF830774

HQ454723

Reichlingia syncesioides

Uganda; Frisch 11/Ug14 (UPS)

KF707651

KF707656

Reichlingia zwackhii

Sweden; Thor 26800 (UPS)

KF707652

HQ454655

Synarthonia aurantiacopruinosa

DR Congo; van den Broeck 5764 (BR)

MH251874

MH271697

Synarthonia albopruinosa

DR Congo; van den Broeck 6086 (BR)

MH251873

MH271696

Synarthonia fuscata

DR Congo; van den Broeck 6101 (BR)

MH251875

MH271706

Synarthonia hainanensis

China; HN250146 (LCUF)

PX404716

Synarthonia inconspicua 1

Florida; Common 10048 (hb Common)

MH251878

Synarthonia inconspicua 2

Madagascar; Ertz 19739A (BR)

MH251879

MH271700

Synarthonia inconspicua 3

Uganda; van den Broeck 6325 (BR)

MH251880

MH271701

Synarthonia inconspicua 4

Tanzania; van den Broeck 7013B (BR)

MH251881

MH271702

Synarthonia inconspicua 5

Tanzania; van den Broeck 7034 (BR)

MH251882

MH271703

Synarthonia josephiana

Madagascar; Ertz 19739B (BR)

MH251876

MH271698

Synarthonia muriformis 1

Uganda; Frisch 11/Ug41 (UPS)

KJ851025

KJ851100

Synarthonia muriformis 2

Madagascar; Ertz 19344 (BR)

MH251877

MH271699

Synarthonia ochracea

France; van den Broeck 6653 (BR)

MH251884

MH271705

Synarthonia pilosella

Rwanda; Ertz 7808 (BR)

MH251883

MH271704