Article(id=1256548242846826846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, issueId=1256548241764639069, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13346/j.mycosystema.250253, pmid=null, cstr=32115.14.j.mycosystema.250253, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1756137600000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1760976000000, acceptedDateStr=2025-10-21, onlineDate=1777514046631, onlineDateStr=2026-04-30, pubDate=1776787200000, pubDateStr=2026-04-22, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1777514046631, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1777514046631, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1777514046631, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1256548241764639069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, year='2026', volume='45', issue='4', pageStart='250187', pageEnd='250358', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1777514046373, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1777516895320, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1256560191206711468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, issueId=1256548241764639069, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1256560191206711469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, issueId=1256548241764639069, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=250253, endPage=, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1256548245166276960, articleId=1256548242846826846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, language=EN, title=Species and drug susceptibility of common dermatophytes in Xinjiang, columnId=1256263562373226548, journalTitle=Mycosystema, columnName=Research paper, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To evaluate the in vitro antifungal susceptibility of dermatophytes to nine antifungal agents, 153 dermatophyte strains deposited in the Dermatological and Mycological Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University between 2010 and 2023 were identified by using morphological and molecular biological methods. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of terbinafine, amorolfine, luliconazole, amphotericin B, ciclopirox, itraconazole, voriconazole, griseofulvin, and fluconazole were determined by the microdilution method. Nine species of dermatophytes were identified, including 59 strains of Trichophyton rubrum (39%), 17 strains of T. interdigitale (11%), 15 strains of T. mentagrophytes (10%), 9 strains of T. tonsurans (6%), 8 strains of T. verrucosum (5%), 9 strains of T. violaceum (6%), 3 strains of T. schoenleinii (2%), 19 strains of Microsporum canis (12%), and 14 strains of M. ferrugineum (9%). In vitro susceptibility test revealed that luliconazole exhibited the strongest antifungal activity, with MIC values ranging from 0.000 5 to 0.004 μg/mL. Terbinafine (MIC: 0.000 125-0.25 μg/mL) itraconazole (MIC: 0.004-1 μg/mL), voriconazole (MIC: 0.004-0.5 μg/mL), amorolfine (MIC: 0.004-1 μg/mL), and ciclopirox (MIC: 0.063-4 μg/mL) also showed potent activity. Griseofulvin (MIC: 0.016-32 μg/mL) and amphotericin B (MIC: 0.032-16 μg/mL) displayed relatively weak antifungal effects. Fluconazole showed the poorest activity, with MIC values ranging from 0.125 to 64 μg/mL; notably, two strains of Microsporum ferrugineum and one strain of Trichophyton violaceum exhibited fluconazole MICs >64 μg/mL. Among all tested antifungal agents, luliconazole and terbinafine demonstrated the strongest in vitro activity against dermatophytes, whereas fluconazole and amphotericin B showed the weakest efficacy, with the emergence of resistant isolates.

, correspAuthors=Xiaodong WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*
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评估皮肤癣菌对9种抗真菌药的体外抗真菌药物敏感性特征。收集2010年至2023年间保存于新疆医科大学第一附属医院皮肤科真菌实验室的153株皮肤癣菌,菌种鉴定采用形态学结合分子生物学方法,体外抗真菌药敏试验参照微量液基稀释法测定特比萘芬、阿莫罗芬、卢立康唑、两性霉素B、环吡酮胺、伊曲康唑、伏立康唑、灰黄霉素、氟康唑9种抗真菌药物的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)值。共鉴定出9种皮肤癣菌包括红色毛癣菌59株(39%)、趾间毛癣菌17株(11%)、须癣毛癣菌15株(10%)、断发毛癣菌9株(6%)、疣状毛癣菌8株(5%)、紫色毛癣菌9株(6%)、许兰毛癣菌3株(2%)、犬小孢子菌19株(12%)和铁锈色小孢子菌14株(9%)。体外药敏结果显示所有皮肤癣菌对卢立康唑体外抗菌活性最强,MIC值范围为0.000 5-0.004 μg/mL;伊曲康唑(MIC:0.004-1 μg/mL)、伏立康唑(MIC:0.004-0.5 μg/mL)、特比萘芬(MIC:0.000 125-0.25 μg/mL)、阿莫罗芬(MIC:0.004-1 μg/mL)及环吡酮胺(MIC:0.063-4 μg/mL)体外抗菌活性较强。灰黄霉素(MIC:0.016-32 μg/mL)与两性霉素B (MIC:0.032-16 μg/mL)体外抗菌活性较弱;氟康唑体外抗菌活性最弱,MIC范围为0.125-64 μg/mL,其中2株铁锈色小孢子菌与1株紫色毛癣菌对氟康唑的MIC值>64 μg/mL。所有的皮肤癣菌中,卢立康唑、特比萘芬等药物体外抗菌活性很强,氟康唑和两性霉素B活性最弱且出现耐药菌株。

, correspAuthors=王晓东, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=iCj/DWa9NFZpIvUBrF7VSQ==, magXml=j7HVLZ77JsMqkEXQAeq0MQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=OS96nkVb4NC+mvu4Av/a8A==, pdfFileSize=1862738, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=rVa9gc5u9ztOm7Va0fb80g==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=RzzAAMjTSM2Q2W5sLcKT0Q==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

作者贡献

刘羿婷:样品收集、实验操作、论文撰写和修改;帕丽达·阿布利孜:论文构思与指导;西依旦·努尔麦麦提:样品收集、参与实验;马依热·吾买尔:参与实验;王晓东:实验设计、论文指导。

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China Practical Medicine, 15(20): 208-210 (in Chinese), articleTitle=Analysis of fungal culture results in 813 cases of onychomycosis in Jiangmen area, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256548281816105690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256548242846826846, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=64, issue=4, pageStart=385, pageEnd=393, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=24, authorNames=Zareshahrabadi Z, Totonchi A, Rezaei-Matehkolaei A, Ilkit M, Ghahartars M, Arastehfar A, Motamedi M, Nouraei H, Sharifi Lari M, Mohammadi T, Zomorodian K, journalName=Mycoses, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zareshahrabadi Z, Totonchi A, Rezaei-Matehkolaei A, Ilkit M, Ghahartars M, Arastehfar A, Motamedi M, Nouraei H, Sharifi Lari M, Mohammadi T, Zomorodian K, 2021. Molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility among clinical isolates of dermatophytes in Shiraz (2017-2019). 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Mycopathologia, 182(1): 77-86, articleTitle=The changing face of dermatophytic infections worldwide, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256548282034209506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256548242846826846, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=15, issue=20, pageStart=208, pageEnd=210, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=26, authorNames=伍福恒, 林珠玲, 陈立新, journalName=中国实用医药, refType=null, unstructuredReference=伍福恒, 林珠玲, 陈立新, 2020. 江门地区813例甲真菌病真菌培养结果分析. 中国实用医药, 15(20): 208-210, articleTitle=江门地区813例甲真菌病真菌培养结果分析, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1256548272529916527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256548242846826846, awardId=2022YFC2504800, language=EN, fundingSource=National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2504800), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1256548272940958325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256548242846826846, awardId=2022YFC2504800, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2504800), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1256548249780011400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256548242846826846, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1256548249796788618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256548242846826846, companyId=1256548249780011400, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1256548249809371530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256548242846826846, companyId=1256548249780011400, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=新疆医科大学第一附属医院皮肤科, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830054)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1256548266133602875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256548242846826846, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Identification results of dermatophyte species., figureFileSmall=pULyGo1HWeDHQM3WeOmXAA==, figureFileBig=rVa9gc5u9ztOm7Va0fb80g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256548266997629502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256548242846826846, language=CN, label=图1, caption=皮肤癣菌菌种鉴定结果, figureFileSmall=pULyGo1HWeDHQM3WeOmXAA==, figureFileBig=rVa9gc5u9ztOm7Va0fb80g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256548267798741576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256548242846826846, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Source of strains isolated., figureFileSmall=B0TOW4f4fyWNph55fcg76Q==, figureFileBig=vLGxrPm3gbPfaUY8Vzs6hw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256548268138480205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256548242846826846, language=CN, label=图2, caption=菌株来源, figureFileSmall=B0TOW4f4fyWNph55fcg76Q==, figureFileBig=vLGxrPm3gbPfaUY8Vzs6hw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256548268700516947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256548242846826846, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Comparison of in vitro activities of local antifungal drugs and systemic antifungal drugs. *** indicates significant difference in MIC values between the local and systemic antifungal drug (P<0.001)., figureFileSmall=q5ZgT8+95m7lSm6iUS/ueg==, figureFileBig=oYrhEdc5R9fScM8wfaM1hg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256548269010895445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256548242846826846, language=CN, label=图3, caption=局部抗真菌药物和全身抗真菌药物的体外活性比较 ***表示局部与全身抗真菌药物组间的MIC值差异显著(P<0.001), figureFileSmall=q5ZgT8+95m7lSm6iUS/ueg==, figureFileBig=oYrhEdc5R9fScM8wfaM1hg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256548269338051163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256548242846826846, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Comparison of MIC values among strains of different species. A: Itraconazole; B: Amphotericin B; C: Griseofulvin; D: Voriconazole; E: Ciclopirox; F: Fluconazole, for strains with MIC values exceeding the maximum tested concentration (64 µg/mL), the values were standardized to 128 µg/mL; G: Terbinafine; H: Luliconazole; I: Amorolfine. Significant differences in MIC values between different strains for the same antifungal drugs: * P<0.05, ** P<0.01, *** P<0.001., figureFileSmall=lgN7USGPmUYy0Qa9g69Tjw==, figureFileBig=pHEGDnqnQdOTj9bxOH0U9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256548269874922079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256548242846826846, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同种属菌株MIC值比较 A:伊曲康唑;B:两性霉素B;C:灰黄霉素;D:伏立康唑;E:环吡酮胺;F:氟康唑,MIC值高于最高测试浓度(64 µg/mL)的菌株,其数值标准化为128 µg/mL;G:特比萘芬;H:卢立康唑;I:阿莫罗芬;同一抗真菌药物不同菌株组别间MIC值有显著差异:* P<0.05, ** P<0.01, *** P<0.001, figureFileSmall=lgN7USGPmUYy0Qa9g69Tjw==, figureFileBig=pHEGDnqnQdOTj9bxOH0U9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256548271602975332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256548242846826846, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

In vitro antifungal activities of 9 antifungal agents against 153 strains of dermatophytes (μg/mL)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Strain
菌株
Itraconazole
伊曲康唑
Amphotericin B
两性霉素B
Voriconazole
伏立康唑
Amorolfine
阿莫罗芬
Terbinafine
特比萘芬
Griseofulvin
灰黄霉素
Luliconazole
卢立康唑
Ciclopirox
环吡酮胺
Fluconazole
氟康唑
红色毛癣菌
Trichophyton
rubrum
(n=59)
G-Mean 0.032 2.121 0.027 0.016 0.006 0.483 0.001 0.295 1.509
MIC50 0.032 2.000 0.032 0.016 0.004 0.500 0.001 0.250 2.000
MIC90 0.075 4.000 0.063 0.063 0.032 1.000 0.001 2 0.500 4.000
Range 0.008-0.500 0.25-4.000 0.008-0.063 0.008-0.063 0.001-0.125 0.125-8.000 0.000 5-0.004 0.063-4.000 0.500-8.000
断发毛癣菌
Trichophyton
tonsurans
(n=9)
G-Mean 0.074 2.939 0.017 0.016 0.007 0.500 0.001 0.214 1.587
MIC50 0.125 4.000 0.008 0.016 0.008 0.500 0.001 0.125 2.000
MIC90 0.250 4.800 0.063 0.038 0.019 1.200 0.002 0.500 4.800
Range 0.008-0.250 1.000-8.000 0.008-0.063 0.008-0.063 0.002-0.032 0.250-2.000 0.000 5-0.002 0.125-0.500 0.250-8.000
疣状毛癣菌
Trichophyton
verrucosum
(n=8)
G-Mean 0.058 3.364 0.032 0.015 0.003 0.177 0.001 0.177 2.378
MIC50 0.094 4.000 0.032 0.012 0.002 0.125 0.001 0.250 4.000
MIC90 0.325 5.200 0.119 0.032 0.0104 0.325 0.001 0.500 7.600
Range 0.008-0.500 1.000-8.000 0.008-0.25 0.008-0.032 0.001-0.016 0.125-0.500 0.000 5-0.001 0.063-0.500 0.25-16.000
犬小孢子菌
Microsporum
canis
(n=19)
G-Mean 0.034 0.962 0.037 0.017 0.011 0.269 0.001 0.448 1.157
MIC50 0.032 1.000 0.032 0.016 0.016 0.125 0.001 0.500 1.000
MIC90 0.125 2.400 0.125 0.0382 0.075 1.200 0.001 2 1.200 8.000
Range 0.008-0.250 0.032-16.000 0.008-0.125 0.008-0.250 0.001-0.125 0.125-16.000 0.000 5-0.004 0.063-4.000 0.125-32.000
紫色毛癣菌
Trichophyton
violaceum
(n=9)
G-Mean 0.108 1.470 0.054 0.037 0.020 1.470 0.001 0.857 5.040
MIC50 0.125 1.000 0.032 0.032 0.016 1.000 0.002 1.000 4.000
MIC90 0.300 4.000 0.200 0.150 0.150 9.600 0.004 2.000 19.200
Range 0.016-0.500 0.500-4.000 0.032-0.500 0.008-0.250 0.004-0.250 0.500-32.000 0.000 5-0.004 0.500-2.000 1.000->64.000
趾间毛癣菌
Trichophyton
interdigitale
(n=17)
G-Mean 0.011 3.398 0.009 0.018 0.002 0.056 0.001 0.130 0.960
MIC50 0.008 4.000 0.008 0.032 0.002 0.063 0.001 0.125 1.000
MIC90 0.069 5.600 0.022 0.063 0.008 0.175 0.002 0.175 4.400
Range 0.004-0.250 2.000-8.000 0.004-0.063 0.004-0.125 0.000 125-0.015 0.016-0.250 0.000 5-0.002 0.063-0.250 0.125-16.000
须癣毛癣菌
Trichophyton
Mentagrophytes
(n=15)
G-Mean 0.022 4.189 0.009 0.026 0.005 0.287 0.001 0.165 0.524
MIC50 0.016 4.000 0.008 0.016 0.008 0.250 0.001 0.125 0.500
MIC90 0.163 8.000 0.013 0.063 0.015 0.500 0.002 0.250 1.000
Range 0.008-0.250 2.000-8.000 0.008-0.032 0.008-0.250 0.001-0.030 0.125-0.500 0.000 5-0.004 0.125-0.250 0.125-32.000
铁锈色
小孢子菌
Microsporum
ferrugineum
(n=14)
G-Mean 0.039 0.338 0.029 0.027 0.013 0.525 0.001 0.453 2.208
MIC50 0.024 0.375 0.024 0.012 0.016 0.250 0.001 0.500 1.000
MIC90 0.425 1.700 0.125 0.3875 0.106 11.800 0.001 0.500 3.800
Range 0.008-1.000 0.032-4.000 0.008-0.250 0.008-1.000 0.001-0.125 0.125-32.000 0.000 5-0.004 0.125-1.000 0.250->64.000
许兰毛癣菌
Trichophyton
schoenleinii
(n=3)
G-Mean 0.100 0.311 0.020 0.020 0.003 0.125 0.001 0.158 0.630
MIC50 0.063 1.000 0.016 0.016 0.004 0.125 0.001 0.125 1.000
MIC90 0.213 1.000 0.027 0.029 0.004 0.125 0.001 0.425 1.800
Range 0.063-0.250 0.030-1.000 0.016-0.032 0.016-0.032 0.001-0.004 0.125-0.125 0.000 5-0.001 0.063-0.500 0.125-2.000
所有菌株
All
isolates
(n=153)
G-Mean 0.033 1.802 0.023 0.019 0.006 0.335 0.001 0.280 1.405
MIC50 0.032 2.000 0.032 0.016 0.004 0.250 0.001 0.250 1.000
MIC90 0.250 4.000 0.063 0.063 0.0568 1.000 0.002 1.000 4.000
Range 0.004-1.000 0.032-16.000 0.004-0.500 0.004-1.000 0.000 125-0.250 0.016-32.000 0.000 5-0.004 0.063-4.000 0.125->64.000
), ArticleFig(id=1256548271967879784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256548242846826846, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

9种抗真菌药物对153株皮肤癣菌体外抗真菌活性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Strain
菌株
Itraconazole
伊曲康唑
Amphotericin B
两性霉素B
Voriconazole
伏立康唑
Amorolfine
阿莫罗芬
Terbinafine
特比萘芬
Griseofulvin
灰黄霉素
Luliconazole
卢立康唑
Ciclopirox
环吡酮胺
Fluconazole
氟康唑
红色毛癣菌
Trichophyton
rubrum
(n=59)
G-Mean 0.032 2.121 0.027 0.016 0.006 0.483 0.001 0.295 1.509
MIC50 0.032 2.000 0.032 0.016 0.004 0.500 0.001 0.250 2.000
MIC90 0.075 4.000 0.063 0.063 0.032 1.000 0.001 2 0.500 4.000
Range 0.008-0.500 0.25-4.000 0.008-0.063 0.008-0.063 0.001-0.125 0.125-8.000 0.000 5-0.004 0.063-4.000 0.500-8.000
断发毛癣菌
Trichophyton
tonsurans
(n=9)
G-Mean 0.074 2.939 0.017 0.016 0.007 0.500 0.001 0.214 1.587
MIC50 0.125 4.000 0.008 0.016 0.008 0.500 0.001 0.125 2.000
MIC90 0.250 4.800 0.063 0.038 0.019 1.200 0.002 0.500 4.800
Range 0.008-0.250 1.000-8.000 0.008-0.063 0.008-0.063 0.002-0.032 0.250-2.000 0.000 5-0.002 0.125-0.500 0.250-8.000
疣状毛癣菌
Trichophyton
verrucosum
(n=8)
G-Mean 0.058 3.364 0.032 0.015 0.003 0.177 0.001 0.177 2.378
MIC50 0.094 4.000 0.032 0.012 0.002 0.125 0.001 0.250 4.000
MIC90 0.325 5.200 0.119 0.032 0.0104 0.325 0.001 0.500 7.600
Range 0.008-0.500 1.000-8.000 0.008-0.25 0.008-0.032 0.001-0.016 0.125-0.500 0.000 5-0.001 0.063-0.500 0.25-16.000
犬小孢子菌
Microsporum
canis
(n=19)
G-Mean 0.034 0.962 0.037 0.017 0.011 0.269 0.001 0.448 1.157
MIC50 0.032 1.000 0.032 0.016 0.016 0.125 0.001 0.500 1.000
MIC90 0.125 2.400 0.125 0.0382 0.075 1.200 0.001 2 1.200 8.000
Range 0.008-0.250 0.032-16.000 0.008-0.125 0.008-0.250 0.001-0.125 0.125-16.000 0.000 5-0.004 0.063-4.000 0.125-32.000
紫色毛癣菌
Trichophyton
violaceum
(n=9)
G-Mean 0.108 1.470 0.054 0.037 0.020 1.470 0.001 0.857 5.040
MIC50 0.125 1.000 0.032 0.032 0.016 1.000 0.002 1.000 4.000
MIC90 0.300 4.000 0.200 0.150 0.150 9.600 0.004 2.000 19.200
Range 0.016-0.500 0.500-4.000 0.032-0.500 0.008-0.250 0.004-0.250 0.500-32.000 0.000 5-0.004 0.500-2.000 1.000->64.000
趾间毛癣菌
Trichophyton
interdigitale
(n=17)
G-Mean 0.011 3.398 0.009 0.018 0.002 0.056 0.001 0.130 0.960
MIC50 0.008 4.000 0.008 0.032 0.002 0.063 0.001 0.125 1.000
MIC90 0.069 5.600 0.022 0.063 0.008 0.175 0.002 0.175 4.400
Range 0.004-0.250 2.000-8.000 0.004-0.063 0.004-0.125 0.000 125-0.015 0.016-0.250 0.000 5-0.002 0.063-0.250 0.125-16.000
须癣毛癣菌
Trichophyton
Mentagrophytes
(n=15)
G-Mean 0.022 4.189 0.009 0.026 0.005 0.287 0.001 0.165 0.524
MIC50 0.016 4.000 0.008 0.016 0.008 0.250 0.001 0.125 0.500
MIC90 0.163 8.000 0.013 0.063 0.015 0.500 0.002 0.250 1.000
Range 0.008-0.250 2.000-8.000 0.008-0.032 0.008-0.250 0.001-0.030 0.125-0.500 0.000 5-0.004 0.125-0.250 0.125-32.000
铁锈色
小孢子菌
Microsporum
ferrugineum
(n=14)
G-Mean 0.039 0.338 0.029 0.027 0.013 0.525 0.001 0.453 2.208
MIC50 0.024 0.375 0.024 0.012 0.016 0.250 0.001 0.500 1.000
MIC90 0.425 1.700 0.125 0.3875 0.106 11.800 0.001 0.500 3.800
Range 0.008-1.000 0.032-4.000 0.008-0.250 0.008-1.000 0.001-0.125 0.125-32.000 0.000 5-0.004 0.125-1.000 0.250->64.000
许兰毛癣菌
Trichophyton
schoenleinii
(n=3)
G-Mean 0.100 0.311 0.020 0.020 0.003 0.125 0.001 0.158 0.630
MIC50 0.063 1.000 0.016 0.016 0.004 0.125 0.001 0.125 1.000
MIC90 0.213 1.000 0.027 0.029 0.004 0.125 0.001 0.425 1.800
Range 0.063-0.250 0.030-1.000 0.016-0.032 0.016-0.032 0.001-0.004 0.125-0.125 0.000 5-0.001 0.063-0.500 0.125-2.000
所有菌株
All
isolates
(n=153)
G-Mean 0.033 1.802 0.023 0.019 0.006 0.335 0.001 0.280 1.405
MIC50 0.032 2.000 0.032 0.016 0.004 0.250 0.001 0.250 1.000
MIC90 0.250 4.000 0.063 0.063 0.0568 1.000 0.002 1.000 4.000
Range 0.004-1.000 0.032-16.000 0.004-0.500 0.004-1.000 0.000 125-0.250 0.016-32.000 0.000 5-0.004 0.063-4.000 0.125->64.000
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新疆地区常见皮肤癣菌种类及其药物敏感性
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刘羿婷 , 帕丽达·阿布利孜 , 西依旦·努尔麦麦提 , 马依热·吾买尔 , 王晓东 *
菌物学报 | 研究论文 2026,45(4): 250253
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菌物学报 | 研究论文 2026, 45(4): 250253
新疆地区常见皮肤癣菌种类及其药物敏感性
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刘羿婷, 帕丽达·阿布利孜, 西依旦·努尔麦麦提, 马依热·吾买尔, 王晓东*
作者信息
  • 新疆医科大学第一附属医院皮肤科, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830054
Species and drug susceptibility of common dermatophytes in Xinjiang
Yiting LIU, Abliz Parida, Nurmamat Xayida, Omar Mayira, Xiaodong WANG*
Affiliations
  • Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang, China
出版时间: 2026-04-22 doi: 10.13346/j.mycosystema.250253
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评估皮肤癣菌对9种抗真菌药的体外抗真菌药物敏感性特征。收集2010年至2023年间保存于新疆医科大学第一附属医院皮肤科真菌实验室的153株皮肤癣菌,菌种鉴定采用形态学结合分子生物学方法,体外抗真菌药敏试验参照微量液基稀释法测定特比萘芬、阿莫罗芬、卢立康唑、两性霉素B、环吡酮胺、伊曲康唑、伏立康唑、灰黄霉素、氟康唑9种抗真菌药物的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)值。共鉴定出9种皮肤癣菌包括红色毛癣菌59株(39%)、趾间毛癣菌17株(11%)、须癣毛癣菌15株(10%)、断发毛癣菌9株(6%)、疣状毛癣菌8株(5%)、紫色毛癣菌9株(6%)、许兰毛癣菌3株(2%)、犬小孢子菌19株(12%)和铁锈色小孢子菌14株(9%)。体外药敏结果显示所有皮肤癣菌对卢立康唑体外抗菌活性最强,MIC值范围为0.000 5-0.004 μg/mL;伊曲康唑(MIC:0.004-1 μg/mL)、伏立康唑(MIC:0.004-0.5 μg/mL)、特比萘芬(MIC:0.000 125-0.25 μg/mL)、阿莫罗芬(MIC:0.004-1 μg/mL)及环吡酮胺(MIC:0.063-4 μg/mL)体外抗菌活性较强。灰黄霉素(MIC:0.016-32 μg/mL)与两性霉素B (MIC:0.032-16 μg/mL)体外抗菌活性较弱;氟康唑体外抗菌活性最弱,MIC范围为0.125-64 μg/mL,其中2株铁锈色小孢子菌与1株紫色毛癣菌对氟康唑的MIC值>64 μg/mL。所有的皮肤癣菌中,卢立康唑、特比萘芬等药物体外抗菌活性很强,氟康唑和两性霉素B活性最弱且出现耐药菌株。

皮肤癣菌  /  微量液基稀释法  /  抗真菌药物  /  最低抑菌浓度

To evaluate the in vitro antifungal susceptibility of dermatophytes to nine antifungal agents, 153 dermatophyte strains deposited in the Dermatological and Mycological Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University between 2010 and 2023 were identified by using morphological and molecular biological methods. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of terbinafine, amorolfine, luliconazole, amphotericin B, ciclopirox, itraconazole, voriconazole, griseofulvin, and fluconazole were determined by the microdilution method. Nine species of dermatophytes were identified, including 59 strains of Trichophyton rubrum (39%), 17 strains of T. interdigitale (11%), 15 strains of T. mentagrophytes (10%), 9 strains of T. tonsurans (6%), 8 strains of T. verrucosum (5%), 9 strains of T. violaceum (6%), 3 strains of T. schoenleinii (2%), 19 strains of Microsporum canis (12%), and 14 strains of M. ferrugineum (9%). In vitro susceptibility test revealed that luliconazole exhibited the strongest antifungal activity, with MIC values ranging from 0.000 5 to 0.004 μg/mL. Terbinafine (MIC: 0.000 125-0.25 μg/mL) itraconazole (MIC: 0.004-1 μg/mL), voriconazole (MIC: 0.004-0.5 μg/mL), amorolfine (MIC: 0.004-1 μg/mL), and ciclopirox (MIC: 0.063-4 μg/mL) also showed potent activity. Griseofulvin (MIC: 0.016-32 μg/mL) and amphotericin B (MIC: 0.032-16 μg/mL) displayed relatively weak antifungal effects. Fluconazole showed the poorest activity, with MIC values ranging from 0.125 to 64 μg/mL; notably, two strains of Microsporum ferrugineum and one strain of Trichophyton violaceum exhibited fluconazole MICs >64 μg/mL. Among all tested antifungal agents, luliconazole and terbinafine demonstrated the strongest in vitro activity against dermatophytes, whereas fluconazole and amphotericin B showed the weakest efficacy, with the emergence of resistant isolates.

Dermatophytes  /  broth microdilution  /  antifungal agents  /  minimum inhibitory concentration
刘羿婷, 帕丽达·阿布利孜, 西依旦·努尔麦麦提, 马依热·吾买尔, 王晓东. 新疆地区常见皮肤癣菌种类及其药物敏感性. 菌物学报, 2026 , 45 (4) : 250253 - . DOI: 10.13346/j.mycosystema.250253
Yiting LIU, Abliz Parida, Nurmamat Xayida, Omar Mayira, Xiaodong WANG. Species and drug susceptibility of common dermatophytes in Xinjiang[J]. Mycosystema, 2026 , 45 (4) : 250253 - . DOI: 10.13346/j.mycosystema.250253
全球有20%-25%的人都曾罹患过皮肤癣菌病,是最常见的浅部真菌感染(Sacheli et al. 2021)。在中国红色毛癣菌和须癣毛癣菌复合体是最常分离的物种(伍福恒等 2020)。近五年来, 一种对特比萘芬具有高耐药性的印度毛癣菌Trichophyton indotineae R. Kano et al.自印度出现并广泛传播,该菌株现已波及全球多个地区,目前中国大陆也监测到了该菌株的出现(Kong et al. 2023)。该菌株的全球流行已导致多地区出现特比萘芬治疗失败率上升的临床报告,然而新疆地区仍缺乏系统的皮肤癣菌药敏基线数据,这关乎当前临床用药的精准性,更是未来实现对输入性耐药菌株进行有效监测与预警的客观前提。治疗皮肤癣菌感染以外用抗真菌药物为主,严重时需口服药物,临床主要采用烯丙胺类、唑类等药物治疗(Durdu & Ilkit 2023),不同种类的皮肤癣菌对药物的敏感性存在差异(Khan et al. 2022)。抗真菌药物的发展为真菌感染治疗提供了更多选择,如三唑类药物卢立康唑、Olorofim等,但皮肤癣菌病患病率依旧居高不下(Rudramurthy et al. 2018)。在中国,皮肤癣菌尚未建立标准的临床临界值,仅有欧洲抗真菌药物敏感性试验委员会(EUCAST)暂定的流行界值(ECOFF)作为参考(Arendrup et al. 2020),因此开展抗真菌药物敏感性试验(ASFT)对皮肤癣菌的治疗具有重要指导意义(Kong et al. 2025)。本研究评估了我院流行的皮肤癣菌对临床常用抗真菌药的体外药敏特征,系统性分析不同皮肤癣菌的抗真菌药敏特征,为指导临床合理用药提供实验依据。
基于皮肤癣菌病的病原谱纳入 2010 年至2023年我院皮肤科真菌菌种库保存的 153 株皮肤癣菌。所有受试菌株均为上述年份间于本院分离,并经形态学与分子生物学鉴定的临床主要致病菌,其中包括红色毛癣菌(59 株)、须癣毛癣菌复合体(33 株)及犬小孢子菌(19 株)等,其具体菌种见图 1。质控菌株为中国医学科学院皮肤病研究所真菌菌种保藏管理中心提供的近平滑念珠菌ATCC-22019和须癣毛癣菌ATCC- MYA-4439。
马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基(PDA),BD公司;二甲基亚砜溶剂(DMSO),北京索莱宝科技有限公司;RPMI-1640粉(含谷氨酰胺,不含酚红),赛默飞世尔科技(Gibco);3-(N-吗啉基)丙磺酸(MOPS),北京兰博利德商贸有限公司;NaOH粉,广东柏社化学试剂有限公司。
选取9种抗真菌药物包括特比萘芬(TBF)、阿莫罗芬(AMF)、卢立康唑(LUL)、两性霉素B (AMB)、环吡酮胺(CPX)、伊曲康唑(ITR)、伏立康唑(VOR)、灰黄霉素(GRI)、氟康唑(FLC),药粉购自北京华中海威公司。
形态学鉴定:菌种传代培养后,采用免疫荧光染色法和小培养显微镜下进行菌种的形态学鉴定。分子鉴定:按照真菌基因组DNA试剂盒说明书提取菌株基因组DNA,采用PCR扩增,引物序列为ITS1:5′-TCCGTAGGTGAAC CTGCG-3′,ITS4:5′-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATA TGC-3′。扩增产物送交测序,将所获得的序列在NCBI (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)中进行BLAST比对,最终鉴定菌种类型。所有菌株经分离纯化后,置于专用液体培养基保存管中,于-80 ℃超低温冰箱中长期保存,试验前将冷冻菌株接种于新鲜的马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂(PDA)平板,于28 ℃下复苏传代培养,确保菌株活性良好后,再进行受试菌株的药敏试验。
1 ×RPMI 1640液体培养基,将10.4 g RPMI- 1640粉末加入900 mL蒸馏水溶解,再加入34.53 g MOPS,加入适量的氢氧化钠粉末,将pH调至7.0,最后用蒸馏水定容至1 L,用0.22 μm过滤器除菌,置于4 ℃冰箱备用。
抗真菌药粉溶于DMSO溶液中,特比萘芬配制成1 600 μg/mL,环吡酮胺、卢立康唑、伏立康唑母液浓度为2 500 μg/mL,两性霉素B和伊曲康唑配制成3 200 μg/mL,灰黄霉素和氟康唑配制成6 400 μg/mL,阿莫罗芬配制成5 000 μg/mL,-80 ℃保存备用。采用美国临床和实验室标准化研究所(Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, CLSI)中CLSIM38-A2推荐的微量液基稀释法制备96孔药敏板。用1×RPMI 1640稀释药物,特比萘芬为0.000 125-0.5 μg/mL,伊曲康唑、阿莫罗芬和伏立康唑均为0.004-4 μg/mL,氟康唑和灰黄霉素均为0.125-64 μg/mL,两性霉素B为0.03-16 μg/mL,卢立康唑:0.000 5-0.25 μg/mL,环吡酮胺:0.063-32 μg/mL。使用移液器将药液加到96孔板的1-10列,每个孔添加100 µL药液。
将皮肤癣菌接于PDA斜面培养基上,在27-30 ℃培养7-14 d。将1 mL无菌生理盐水覆盖菌落,用吸管轻刮菌落使得孢子脱落,将洗脱的菌悬液通过细胞滤网(40 µm)过滤到离心管中,然后使用血细胞计数板计数,使菌悬液浓度为1×103-4×103 CFU/mL。
将配制好的菌悬液使用12道移液枪加入到配制好的药敏板上,每个孔添加100 µL,11列为阳性生长对照孔,12列为阴性对照孔。将药敏板于35 ℃温箱放置4 d,最多不超过7 d,每个菌采用一式两份加入药敏板中,每个菌株的药敏结果均经过两名以上的实验人员独立判读并达成一致。同时,在每一次独立的药敏试验板中均包含质控菌株,确保了每次实验操作的准确性与结果的可比性。
使用spss27.0版(IBM)统计分析。将MIC值经log2转换后,采用Kruskal-Wallis非参数检验进行比较,并通过GraphPad Prism 10.0绘制箱线图。
菌种鉴定结果见图1,红色毛癣菌Trichophyton rubrum (Castell.) Sabour. 59株、趾间毛癣菌T. interdigitale Priestley 17株、须癣毛癣菌T. mentagrophytes (C.P. Robin) R. Blanch. 15株、断发毛癣菌T. tonsurans Malmsten 9株、疣状毛癣菌T. verrucosum E. Bodin 8株、紫色毛癣菌T. violaceum Sabouraud 9株、许兰毛癣菌T. schoenleinii (Lebert) Nannizzi 3株、犬小孢子菌Microsporum canis E. Bodin ex Guég. 19株和铁锈色小孢子菌M. ferrugineum M. Ota 14株。
标本主要包括3种类型:头发,皮屑和甲屑,不同标本中鉴定的菌种分布见图2
153株皮肤癣菌对9种抗真菌药物的体外药物敏感性(MIC范围,几何平均MIC,MIC50和MIC90)见表1。9种药对皮肤癣菌的GM MIC值由高到低分别是两性霉素B (1.802 μg/mL)、氟康唑(1.405 μg/mL)、灰黄霉素(0.335 μg/mL)、环吡酮胺(0.280 μg/mL)、伊曲康唑(0.033 μg/mL)、伏立康唑(0.023 μg/mL)、阿莫罗芬(0.019 μg/mL)、特比萘芬(0.006 μg/mL)和卢立康唑(0.000 9 μg/mL)。9种药物中伊曲康唑、伏立康唑、两性霉素B、氟康唑和灰黄霉素是全身抗真菌药物,阿莫罗芬、环吡酮胺和卢立康唑是局部抗真菌药物,局部抗真菌药物和全身性抗真菌药物MIC值差异有统计学意义(P<0.001) (图3)。测试的抗真菌药物对不同种属皮肤癣菌的MIC值表现出显著差异(图4)。结果显示卢立康唑和阿莫罗芬的MIC值没有显著差异,其他药物不同种属菌株之间存在差异。三唑类药物中,T. interdigitale对伊曲康唑的敏感性显著高于T. tonsuransT. violaceumT. verrucosum (P<0.01-0.05);在伏立康唑中,T. interdigitaleT. mentagrophytes的活性显著高于T. rubrumT. verrucosumM. canis和T. violaceum (P<0.001-0.01);氟康唑对T. mentagrophytes的活性显著高于其他菌种(P<0.001-0.01)。烯丙胺类药物特比萘芬对T. interdigitale的活性显著高于M. canisM. ferrugineum (P<0.05)。非多烯类药物灰黄霉素中,T. interdigitale的敏感性显著高于其他测试菌种(P<0.001-0.01)。环吡酮胺对T. interdigitaleT. mentagrophytes的活性显著高于其他菌种(P<0.001-0.05)。多烯类药物两性霉素B对M. ferrugineumM. canis的活性显著高于其他菌种(P<0.001-0.05)。
在一项对全球皮肤癣菌感染的流行病学调查数据中红色毛癣菌在大多数地区是皮肤及甲真菌感染的主要病原体,但在印度、伊朗及其周边部分国家,须癣毛癣菌复合体中的印度毛癣菌已经成为当地最常见的致病菌种(Zhan & Liu 2017;Shaw et al. 2020)。尽管本研究尚未分离到印度毛癣菌,且研究中本地区流行株仍对特比萘芬敏感,鉴于印度毛癣菌对特比萘芬的耐药率高达70%以上(Gupta et al. 2025),且在多数周边国家流行及中国大陆的发现,使新疆地区面临潜在的输入性风险。此情况提示,对于特比萘芬治疗无效或具有相关接触史的患者,临床应考虑印度毛癣菌感染的可能性。头癣感染致病菌株的分布呈现显著的地域性特征,过去中国嗜人性菌株在东南部和西部分布,但现今新疆头癣的病原体也出现显著变化,既往嗜人性菌株(紫色毛癣菌和许兰毛癣菌)为主导的流行趋势被打破,嗜动物性菌株犬小孢子菌成为主要病原体(Chen et al. 2022;Wang et al. 2023),这种变化可能与经济条件改善和卫生习惯的转变有关。伊曲康唑、特比萘芬和灰黄霉素是用于治疗皮肤癣菌病的常见抗真菌药物(Barac et al. 2024),但近年来耐药性增加,抗真菌药物的规范使用是临床治疗的最大挑战(Cañete-Gibas et al. 2023)。
不同皮肤癣菌对相同药物的敏感性存在显著差异。在本研究测试的所有药物中,卢立康唑的抗菌活性最强,对所有受试菌株均具有强大活性(Badiee et al. 2023)。值得注意的是,阿莫罗芬也表现出强大的抗菌活性,统计分析两者在不同种类菌株间的活性分布均无差异。与之相比,最常用的药物特比萘芬在不同种类菌株间活性有差异,具体表现为其对趾间毛癣菌(GM=0.002 μg/mL)活性优于犬小孢子菌(GM= 0.011 μg/mL)和铁锈色小孢子菌(GM=0.013 μg/mL),这一发现与既往临床对照试验的结论相符(Hamm et al. 1999),即特比萘芬对毛癣菌属的临床疗效通常优于小孢子菌属。关于三唑类药物,伊曲康唑和伏立康唑在所有菌株中表现出良好的活性(Ebert et al. 2020),但在不同种属的菌株间还是存在差异,但二者对须癣毛癣菌和趾间毛癣菌的敏感性比其他菌种高,依据欧洲抗菌药物敏感性试验委员会(EUCAST)制定的流行病学折点(ECOFF)判定标准,所有须癣毛癣菌复合体菌株均属于野生型(WT),但有零星红色毛癣菌对伊曲康唑表现为非野生型(Non-Wild-Type, NWT),这一现象说明它在临床使用有治疗失败的可能性(Jiang et al. 2021)。而另外一种三唑类药物氟康唑则与它们不同,对多数菌株表现普遍较高的MIC值,我们的试验结论与一项评估氟康唑治疗甲癣疗效的研究结论相似(Brown 2009),氟康唑在单药治疗甲癣方面的效果不如特比萘芬和伊曲康唑,然而有研究发现口服氟康唑与外用真菌药物环吡酮胺可提升疗效,它在联合治疗方案中具有辅助价值(Roustan et al. 2025)。与氟康唑表现出的系统局限性不同,我们的体外药敏试验表明两种外用药物环吡酮胺和阿莫罗芬对测试的皮肤癣菌保持良好的抑制活性,尽管在体外试验中这两种药物单药使用MIC值相当,但在临床上阿莫罗芬的使用比环吡酮胺更为广泛,因在与特比萘芬联用时,阿莫罗芬的效果更优(Schaller et al. 2024)。灰黄霉素作为治疗小孢子菌引起的头癣的一线药物,是历史上首个用于皮肤癣菌感染的系统性抗真菌药物,其潜在的耐药性问题值得警惕(Zareshahrabadi et al. 2021)。尽管根据我们的药敏结果显示,灰黄霉素对大部分小孢子菌属仍有效,但还是存在耐药情况,有一株犬小孢子菌的MIC为16 μg/mL,此外,还有一株铁锈色小孢子菌和一株紫色毛癣菌的MIC值更是高达32 μg/mL。鉴于CLSI与EUCAST尚未制定灰黄霉素的正式临床折点(CBP),我们依据一项基于27年MIC数据提出的流行病学界值(ECOFF) (Liang et al. 2025)将UL-WT定义为2 μg/mL,上述菌株因此可被归类为非野生型,即具备潜在的耐药表型。而当面临灰黄霉素治疗无效时,德国临床指南中说明(Mayser et al. 2020)若灰黄霉素治疗后无临床改善(如4周后真菌培养仍阳性),培养后的菌株为小孢子菌属,需优先考虑更换为伊曲康唑;而针对毛癣菌属的感染更推荐特比萘芬。作为多烯类抗真菌药物两性霉素B,广泛用于严重的真菌感染(Dafur et al. 2025),本研究中MIC值显著高于其他类别药物,因其肾毒性等不良反应,在临床较少用于皮肤癣菌感染。
综上所述,本研究证实皮肤癣菌的耐药问题日趋严峻,对临床治疗构成挑战,在临床治疗上ASFT的重要性日益凸显,未来需建立ASFT结果与临床疗效的关联性,为精准用药提供可靠依据。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2504800)
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doi: 10.13346/j.mycosystema.250253
  • 接收时间:2025-08-26
  • 首发时间:2026-04-30
  • 出版时间:2026-04-22
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-26
  • 录用日期:2025-10-21
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National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2504800)
国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2504800)
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    新疆医科大学第一附属医院皮肤科, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830054

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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