Article(id=1256540740411319076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, issueId=1256540735885665031, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13346/j.mycosystema.250218, pmid=null, cstr=32115.14.j.mycosystema.250218, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1752681600000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1753632000000, acceptedDateStr=2025-07-28, onlineDate=1777512257912, onlineDateStr=2026-04-30, pubDate=1769011200000, pubDateStr=2026-01-22, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1777512257912, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1777512257912, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1777512257912, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1256540735885665031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, year='2026', volume='45', issue='1', pageStart='250201', pageEnd='250283', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1777512256833, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1777512529110, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1256541877973693171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, issueId=1256540735885665031, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1256541877973693172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, issueId=1256540735885665031, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=250218, endPage=, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1256540741023687467, articleId=1256540740411319076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, language=EN, title=Biological characteristics and antioxidant activities of the wild medicinal mushroom Inocutis levis, columnId=1256263562373226548, journalTitle=Mycosystema, columnName=Research paper, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Cultivation of the wild Inocutis levis isolated from Populus euphratica in Xiaoguai Town in Karamay of Xinjiang was carried out. It was found that using starch and yeast extract as carbon and nitrogen sources, with the addition of KH2PO4 as inorganic salt, the fungus grew well under pH 9 and 35 ℃ conditions. During liquid cultivation, polysaccharide, polyphenol, flavonoid, ascorbic acid, superoxide dismutase, scavenging abilities for free radicals, and ferric reducing antioxidant power of the fungus were determined. The results provide basic data for the protection, evaluation, development, and utilization of this wild medicinal fungus resources in the future.

, correspAuthors=Yuan YUAN, Jing SI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* YUAN Yuan, ;
SI Jing,
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本研究选取广义桑黄类真菌光核纤孔菌Inocutis levis作为研究对象,针对光核纤孔菌在固体培养过程中的生物学特性指标及在液体发酵过程中分泌的多糖、多酚、黄酮、抗坏血酸、超氧化物歧化酶、清除自由基能力以及铁离子还原能力变化进行了测定,证实分离自新疆克拉玛依市小拐乡胡杨林上的野生光核纤孔菌以淀粉、酵母浸粉、KH2PO4、pH 9、35 ℃作为其最适碳源、氮源、无机盐、pH和温度,且具有显著的抗氧化活性(P<0.01),该研究为今后该种野生药用真菌资源的保护、开发和利用提供了资源储备和基础数据。

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药食兼用真菌松脂皱皮孔菌的生物学特性和抗氧化活性. 菌物学报, 44(2): 97-115, articleTitle=药食兼用真菌松脂皱皮孔菌的生物学特性和抗氧化活性, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256540795927126343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256540740411319076, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=43, issue=2, pageStart=74, pageEnd=89, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[85], rfOrder=84, authorNames=张思瑶, 余盛武, 魏玉莲, journalName=菌物学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张思瑶, 余盛武, 魏玉莲, 2024. 东亚木层孔菌与两种野生桑黄的活性成分及其抗氧化活性比较. 菌物学报, 43(2): 74-89, articleTitle=东亚木层孔菌与两种野生桑黄的活性成分及其抗氧化活性比较, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256540796082315592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256540740411319076, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=39, issue=15, pageStart=2838, pageEnd=2845, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[86], rfOrder=85, authorNames=张维博, 王家国, 李正阔, 杨丽群, 秦俭, 向仲怀, 崔红娟, journalName=中国中药杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张维博, 王家国, 李正阔, 杨丽群, 秦俭, 向仲怀, 崔红娟, 2014. 药用真菌桑黄的研究进展. 中国中药杂志, 39(15): 2838-2845, articleTitle=药用真菌桑黄的研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256540796333973833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256540740411319076, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=42, issue=4, pageStart=973, pageEnd=983, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[87], rfOrder=86, authorNames=张洋洋, 张作法, 宋婷婷, 蔡为明, 吕国英, journalName=菌物学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张洋洋, 张作法, 宋婷婷, 蔡为明, 吕国英, 2023. 瓦尼桑黄多酚类化合物纯化及抗氧化活性. 菌物学报, 42(4): 973-983, articleTitle=瓦尼桑黄多酚类化合物纯化及抗氧化活性, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256540796451414346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256540740411319076, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=36, issue=1, pageStart=98, pageEnd=111, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[88], rfOrder=87, authorNames=郑飞, 孟歌, 安琪, 田雪梅, 司静, journalName=菌物学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=郑飞, 孟歌, 安琪, 田雪梅, 司静, 2017. 药用真菌桑黄液体培养过程中的抗氧化活性研究. 菌物学报, 36(1): 98-111, 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departmentName=null, remark=北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院林木资源高效生产全国重点实验室,北京 100083)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1256540763547099150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256540740411319076, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Wild basidioma and solid plate cultivation of Inocutis levis.

A: A wild basidioma; B: Colony on solid plate medium.

, figureFileSmall=dZCbDBT7BIA84lhEXq+n0g==, figureFileBig=ehaUvcubIUF/FQmjVYXnMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256540763790368786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256540740411319076, language=CN, label=图1, caption=光核纤孔菌野生子实体和固体平板培养菌丝

A:野生子实体;B:固体平板培养菌丝

, figureFileSmall=dZCbDBT7BIA84lhEXq+n0g==, figureFileBig=ehaUvcubIUF/FQmjVYXnMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256540764172050457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256540740411319076, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Preference of Inocutis levis for substrate component, pH and temperature during solid cultivation.

A: Carbon source; B: Nitrogen source; C: Inorganic salt; D: pH; E: Temperature.

, figureFileSmall=g51hhdEjsWRE1M1m0AQ/2A==, figureFileBig=ymJ+8OSdL/+izcEyR8dFhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256540764327239707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256540740411319076, language=CN, label=图2, caption=光核纤孔菌固体培养过程中对基质组分、pH和温度的偏好

A:碳源;B:氮源;C:无机盐;D:pH;E:温度

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A: Polysaccharide; B: Polyphenol; C: Flavonoid; D: Ascorbic acid; E: Superoxide dismutase; F: Scavenging abilities for hydroxyl radical; G: Scavenging abilities for superoxide ion; H: Scavenging abilities for DPPH radical; I: Scavenging abilities for ABTS radical; J: Ferric reducing antioxidant power. Different lowercase and uppercase letters indicate significant (P<0.05) and extremely significant differences (P<0.01) of experimental results, respectively.

, figureFileSmall=XbRPLFjpz20DUW9/Cn0PKQ==, figureFileBig=puXWnznui4U6uYc0hhHwhg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256540764750864416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256540740411319076, language=CN, label=图3, caption=光核纤孔菌液体发酵过程中抗氧化活性的变化

A:多糖;B:多酚;C:黄酮;D:抗坏血酸;E:超氧化物歧化酶;F:清除羟自由基能力;G:清除超氧阴离子能力;H:清除DPPH自由基能力;I:清除ABTS自由基能力;J:铁离子还原能力. 不同小写和大写字母分别代表实验结果差异显著(P<0.05)和差异极显著(P<0.01)

, figureFileSmall=XbRPLFjpz20DUW9/Cn0PKQ==, figureFileBig=puXWnznui4U6uYc0hhHwhg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256540764922830883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256540740411319076, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Correlation between the content of polysaccharide, polyphenol, flavonoid, and ascorbic acid and superoxide dismutase activity (A-D), scavenging efficiencies for hydroxyl radical (E-H), superoxide ion (I-L), DPPH radical (M-P), ABTS radical (Q-T), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (U-X) during liquid fermentation of Inocutis levis., figureFileSmall=8gG3IFxUWK98p04ANGA88A==, figureFileBig=KMTFdSgLPaLAnsUAwIFgCw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256540765174489127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256540740411319076, language=CN, label=图4, caption=光核纤孔菌液体发酵过程中分泌的多糖、多酚、黄酮、抗坏血酸含量与超氧化物歧化酶活性(A-D)、羟自由基清除率(E-H)、超氧阴离子清除率(I-L)、DPPH自由基清除率(M-P)、ABTS自由基清除率(Q-T)、铁离子还原能力(U-X)的相关性分析, figureFileSmall=8gG3IFxUWK98p04ANGA88A==, figureFileBig=KMTFdSgLPaLAnsUAwIFgCw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256540765329678375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256540740411319076, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Factor levels of the orthogonal experiment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平
Level
因子
Factor
碳源:可溶性淀粉
Carbon source: soluble starch/(g/L)
氮源:酵母浸粉
Nitrogen source: yeast extract/(g/L)
无机盐:KH2PO4
Inorganic salt: KH2PO4/(g/L)
pH
1 10 1 0.5 8
2 20 5 1 9
3 30 9 1.5 10
), ArticleFig(id=1256540765493256236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256540740411319076, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

正交试验因子水平

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平
Level
因子
Factor
碳源:可溶性淀粉
Carbon source: soluble starch/(g/L)
氮源:酵母浸粉
Nitrogen source: yeast extract/(g/L)
无机盐:KH2PO4
Inorganic salt: KH2PO4/(g/L)
pH
1 10 1 0.5 8
2 20 5 1 9
3 30 9 1.5 10
), ArticleFig(id=1256540765661028398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256540740411319076, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Preference of Inocutis levis for substrate component, pH and temperature during solid cultivation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基质组分、pH和温度
Substrate component,
pH and temperature
因子
Factor
测定时间
Detection time/d
菌丝生长速率
Mycelial grow rate/(mm/d)
显著性
Significance
0.05 0.01
碳源
Carbon source
可溶性淀粉 Soluble starch 14 4.751±0.023 a A
玉米淀粉 Corn starch 1.851±0.039 b B
麦芽糖 Maltose 1.723±0.028 c C
对照 Control 1.560±0.024 d D
蔗糖 Sucrose 1.347±0.039 e E
果糖 Fructose 1.254±0.071 f F
葡萄糖 Glucose 1.021±0.037 g G
氮源
Nitrogen source
酵母浸粉 Yeast extract 8 7.835±0.053 a A
麦芽浸粉 Malt extract 5.853±0.057 b B
麦麸 Wheat bran 4.900±0.119 c C
蛋白胨 Peptone 4.237±0.048 d D
牛肉膏 Beef extract 4.158±0.078 d D
(NH4)2SO4 3.258±0.064 e E
尿素 Urea 3.247±0.057 e E
对照 Control 1.463±0.041 f F
KNO3 0.958±0.093 g G
无机盐
Inorganic salt
KH2PO4 14 4.570±0.037 a A
MgSO4 2.363±0.091 b B
MnSO4 1.712±0.034 c C
对照 Control 1.575±0.034 d D
pH 9 7 9.385±0.036 a A
8 6.556±0.080 b B
7 6.542±0.092 b B
7.5 6.426±0.067 b B
6.5 6.177±0.089 c C
8.5 5.797±0.157 d D
5.5 4.270±0.064 e E
5 4.217±0.131 e E
6 3.566±0.170 f F
温度
Temperature (℃)
35 10 6.346±0.046 a A
30 5.366±0.055 b B
25 4.114±0.049 c C
20 3.092±0.055 d D
15 1.012±0.047 e E
), ArticleFig(id=1256540765925269554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256540740411319076, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

光核纤孔菌固体培养过程中对基质组分、pH和温度的偏好

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基质组分、pH和温度
Substrate component,
pH and temperature
因子
Factor
测定时间
Detection time/d
菌丝生长速率
Mycelial grow rate/(mm/d)
显著性
Significance
0.05 0.01
碳源
Carbon source
可溶性淀粉 Soluble starch 14 4.751±0.023 a A
玉米淀粉 Corn starch 1.851±0.039 b B
麦芽糖 Maltose 1.723±0.028 c C
对照 Control 1.560±0.024 d D
蔗糖 Sucrose 1.347±0.039 e E
果糖 Fructose 1.254±0.071 f F
葡萄糖 Glucose 1.021±0.037 g G
氮源
Nitrogen source
酵母浸粉 Yeast extract 8 7.835±0.053 a A
麦芽浸粉 Malt extract 5.853±0.057 b B
麦麸 Wheat bran 4.900±0.119 c C
蛋白胨 Peptone 4.237±0.048 d D
牛肉膏 Beef extract 4.158±0.078 d D
(NH4)2SO4 3.258±0.064 e E
尿素 Urea 3.247±0.057 e E
对照 Control 1.463±0.041 f F
KNO3 0.958±0.093 g G
无机盐
Inorganic salt
KH2PO4 14 4.570±0.037 a A
MgSO4 2.363±0.091 b B
MnSO4 1.712±0.034 c C
对照 Control 1.575±0.034 d D
pH 9 7 9.385±0.036 a A
8 6.556±0.080 b B
7 6.542±0.092 b B
7.5 6.426±0.067 b B
6.5 6.177±0.089 c C
8.5 5.797±0.157 d D
5.5 4.270±0.064 e E
5 4.217±0.131 e E
6 3.566±0.170 f F
温度
Temperature (℃)
35 10 6.346±0.046 a A
30 5.366±0.055 b B
25 4.114±0.049 c C
20 3.092±0.055 d D
15 1.012±0.047 e E
), ArticleFig(id=1256540767682682935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256540740411319076, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Results of the orthogonal experiment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
实验
Experiment
因子
Factor
菌丝生长速率
Mycelial grow
rate/(mm/d)
显著性
Significance
碳源:可溶性淀粉
Carbon source:
soluble starch/(g/L)
氮源:酵母浸粉
Nitrogen source:
yeast extract/(g/L)
无机盐:KH2PO4
Inorganic salt:
KH2PO4/(g/L)
pH 0.05 0.01
1 10 1 0.5 8 5.602±0.048 c C
2 10 5 1 9 5.682±0.124 c C
3 10 9 1.5 10 5.551±0.134 cd CD
4 20 1 1 10 6.761±0.116 a A
5 20 5 1.5 8 6.513±0.096 b B
6 20 9 0.5 9 5.627±0.175 c C
7 30 1 1.5 9 5.669±0.167 c C
8 30 5 0.5 10 5.517±0.173 d D
9 30 9 1 8 5.275±0.041 d D
K1 16.835 18.032 16.746 17.390
K2 18.902 17.712 17.719 16.979
K3 16.461 16.453 17.732 17.829
X1 5.612 6.011 5.582 5.797
X2 6.301 5.904 5.906 5.660
X3 5.487 5.484 5.911 5.943
R 0.813 0.526 0.329 0.284
), ArticleFig(id=1256540768110501949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256540740411319076, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

正交试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
实验
Experiment
因子
Factor
菌丝生长速率
Mycelial grow
rate/(mm/d)
显著性
Significance
碳源:可溶性淀粉
Carbon source:
soluble starch/(g/L)
氮源:酵母浸粉
Nitrogen source:
yeast extract/(g/L)
无机盐:KH2PO4
Inorganic salt:
KH2PO4/(g/L)
pH 0.05 0.01
1 10 1 0.5 8 5.602±0.048 c C
2 10 5 1 9 5.682±0.124 c C
3 10 9 1.5 10 5.551±0.134 cd CD
4 20 1 1 10 6.761±0.116 a A
5 20 5 1.5 8 6.513±0.096 b B
6 20 9 0.5 9 5.627±0.175 c C
7 30 1 1.5 9 5.669±0.167 c C
8 30 5 0.5 10 5.517±0.173 d D
9 30 9 1 8 5.275±0.041 d D
K1 16.835 18.032 16.746 17.390
K2 18.902 17.712 17.719 16.979
K3 16.461 16.453 17.732 17.829
X1 5.612 6.011 5.582 5.797
X2 6.301 5.904 5.906 5.660
X3 5.487 5.484 5.911 5.943
R 0.813 0.526 0.329 0.284
), ArticleFig(id=1256540768357965889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256540740411319076, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Analysis of variances for the orthogonal experiment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
来源
Source
Ⅲ类平方和
Type Ⅲ sum of squares
自由度
Degree of freedom
均方
Mean square
F
F value
显著性
Significance
模型
Model
9.751 8 1.219 59.322 0.000
截距
Intercept
1 513.665 1 1 513.665 73 666.573 0.000
碳源
Carbon source
5.759 2 2.880 140.151 0.000
氮源
Nitrogen source
2.322 2 1.161 56.498 0.000
无机盐
Inorganic salt
1.067 2 0.533 25.962 0.000
pH 0.603 2 0.302 14.676 0.000
误差
Error
0.740 36 0.021
总计
Total
1 524.156 45
修正后总计
Corrected total
10.491 44
), ArticleFig(id=1256540768534126662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256540740411319076, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

正交试验方差分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
来源
Source
Ⅲ类平方和
Type Ⅲ sum of squares
自由度
Degree of freedom
均方
Mean square
F
F value
显著性
Significance
模型
Model
9.751 8 1.219 59.322 0.000
截距
Intercept
1 513.665 1 1 513.665 73 666.573 0.000
碳源
Carbon source
5.759 2 2.880 140.151 0.000
氮源
Nitrogen source
2.322 2 1.161 56.498 0.000
无机盐
Inorganic salt
1.067 2 0.533 25.962 0.000
pH 0.603 2 0.302 14.676 0.000
误差
Error
0.740 36 0.021
总计
Total
1 524.156 45
修正后总计
Corrected total
10.491 44
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野生药用真菌光核纤孔菌的生物学特性和抗氧化活性
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唐禄鑫 , 季盈仪 , 刘阳 , 王豪 , 叶奕萱 , 员瑗 * , 司静 *
菌物学报 | 研究论文 2026,45(1): 250218
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菌物学报 | 研究论文 2026, 45(1): 250218
野生药用真菌光核纤孔菌的生物学特性和抗氧化活性
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唐禄鑫, 季盈仪, 刘阳, 王豪, 叶奕萱, 员瑗* , 司静*
作者信息
  • 北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院林木资源高效生产全国重点实验室,北京 100083
Biological characteristics and antioxidant activities of the wild medicinal mushroom Inocutis levis
Luxin TANG, Yingyi JI, Yang LIU, Hao WANG, Yixuan YE, Yuan YUAN* , Jing SI*
Affiliations
  • State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
出版时间: 2026-01-22 doi: 10.13346/j.mycosystema.250218
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本研究选取广义桑黄类真菌光核纤孔菌Inocutis levis作为研究对象,针对光核纤孔菌在固体培养过程中的生物学特性指标及在液体发酵过程中分泌的多糖、多酚、黄酮、抗坏血酸、超氧化物歧化酶、清除自由基能力以及铁离子还原能力变化进行了测定,证实分离自新疆克拉玛依市小拐乡胡杨林上的野生光核纤孔菌以淀粉、酵母浸粉、KH2PO4、pH 9、35 ℃作为其最适碳源、氮源、无机盐、pH和温度,且具有显著的抗氧化活性(P<0.01),该研究为今后该种野生药用真菌资源的保护、开发和利用提供了资源储备和基础数据。

野生药用真菌  /  光核纤孔菌  /  基质偏好性  /  抗氧化活性

Cultivation of the wild Inocutis levis isolated from Populus euphratica in Xiaoguai Town in Karamay of Xinjiang was carried out. It was found that using starch and yeast extract as carbon and nitrogen sources, with the addition of KH2PO4 as inorganic salt, the fungus grew well under pH 9 and 35 ℃ conditions. During liquid cultivation, polysaccharide, polyphenol, flavonoid, ascorbic acid, superoxide dismutase, scavenging abilities for free radicals, and ferric reducing antioxidant power of the fungus were determined. The results provide basic data for the protection, evaluation, development, and utilization of this wild medicinal fungus resources in the future.

wild medicinal mushroom  /  Inocutis levis  /  substrate preference  /  antioxidant ability
唐禄鑫, 季盈仪, 刘阳, 王豪, 叶奕萱, 员瑗, 司静. 野生药用真菌光核纤孔菌的生物学特性和抗氧化活性. 菌物学报, 2026 , 45 (1) : 250218 - . DOI: 10.13346/j.mycosystema.250218
Luxin TANG, Yingyi JI, Yang LIU, Hao WANG, Yixuan YE, Yuan YUAN, Jing SI. Biological characteristics and antioxidant activities of the wild medicinal mushroom Inocutis levis[J]. Mycosystema, 2026 , 45 (1) : 250218 - . DOI: 10.13346/j.mycosystema.250218
光核纤孔菌Inocutis levis (P. Karst.) Y.C. Dai隶属于真菌界Fungi,担子菌门Basidiomycota,蘑菇纲Agaricomycetes,锈革孔菌目Hymenochaetales,锈革孔菌科Hymenochaetaceae (Dai 2010),是一种一年生大型木生真菌,目前在我国主要发现生于胡杨上,是该寄主重要的木材腐朽菌(戴玉成 2012),也是其典型独特的真菌物种(陈万超等 2020;吴声华和戴玉成 2020)。光核纤孔菌作为一种药用真菌,在医药、化工及食品工业中的广泛应用多建立在其抗氧化活性之上(Bjørklund et al. 2017;George et al. 2017;Raffa et al. 2017;王豪等 2021;周苗等 2023)。而目前大多数药用真菌抗氧化活性研究集中于灵芝Ganoderma、桑黄Sanghuangporus、桦纤孔菌Inonotus obliquus和金针菇Flammulina filiformis等物种(莫顺燕等 2003;张维博等 2014;孟歌等 2016, 2018;Si et al. 2019;杨树东等 2019;宋吉玲等 2020, 2022;滕李铭等2021;崔宝凯等 2023;Wang et al. 2023;张洋洋等 2023;雷梦婷等 2025),缺乏对新资源的探索。鉴于光核纤孔菌与桑树桑黄Sanghuangporus sanghuang、粗毛纤孔菌I. hispidus、杨核纤孔菌I. rheades等多种著名药用真菌的系统发育关系十分相近(吴声华等 2016;刘鑫等 2018;戴玉成 2022),因此,深入开展光核纤孔菌抗氧化活性研究,对于揭示光核纤孔菌的药理作用,以及今后该类药用真菌资源的保护、开发和利用具有重要意义。
高等真菌的抗氧化活性与多糖、多酚、黄酮和抗坏血酸含量及超氧化物歧化酶活性关系密切,表现为羟自由基、超氧阴离子、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH)自由基和2,2’-联氮-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸[ABTS]自由基等清除能力及铁离子还原能力(ferric reducing antioxidant power, FRAP)等(Pandey et al. 2016;吴声华等 2016;Russo et al. 2017;郑飞等 2017;陈志娜等 2018;Hou et al. 2019;吕国英等 2021;李志军和包海鹰 2022;周苗等 2023)。在液体发酵过程中,菌株的抗氧化活性与营养代谢强度、次级代谢产物生成水平及胞外酶活性密切相关。菌株对营养物质利用越充分,菌体增殖及生物质积累越旺盛,菌株分泌次级代谢产物和胞外酶的能力也就越强,进而直接增强菌株抵御氧化应激损伤的生理功能(孟歌等 2016)。
已有研究报道了药用真菌的抗氧化活性,孟歌等(2016)通过测定锦带花桑黄S. weigelae在14 d液体发酵过程中菌丝体生物量、pH、还原糖含量、漆酶活性、多酚含量、丙二醛含量、超氧化物歧化酶活性、总抗氧化活性和DPPH自由基清除能力的变化,发现该药用真菌菌株具有较强的抗氧化活性,且这一活性与其对营养物质的利用情况、次级代谢产物的分泌及胞外酶的活性密切相关;钱坤等(2022)针对野生四川灵芝Ganoderma sichuanense液体发酵过程中的羟自由基清除能力变化进行测定,发现其具有一定的抗氧化活性;周苗等(2023)研究发现粗毛纤孔菌在液体发酵的14 d内,多酚和黄酮含量一直处于较高水平,且对羟自由基、DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基清除能力以及铁离子还原能力也较强,说明粗毛纤孔菌具有良好的抗氧化活性,可以作为一类天然抗氧化剂开发使用;王一菲等(2019)发现忍冬桑黄S. lonicericola和栎生桑黄S. quercicola均具有较强的抗氧化活性;郑飞等(2017)对桑树桑黄液体发酵过程中的抗氧化活性进行了评价,结果显示该菌株对羟自由基、超氧阴离子、DPPH自由基和ABTS自由基的清除能力较强,是一种较好的清除自由基天然原料。而关于光核纤孔菌的抗氧化活性研究目前仅针对其丙酮和乙酸乙酯提取物展开,结果表明其真菌提取物对ABTS自由基和DPPH自由基具有较强的清除能力,但对其液体发酵过程中的发酵液抗氧化活性研究仍缺乏(Chaharmiri-Dokhaharani et al. 2024)。
综上所述,目前缺乏对光核纤孔菌抗氧化活性的系统性研究和全面评估。因此,本研究结合已有报道,研究光核纤孔菌的最适固体培养条件,并通过液体发酵培养法测定发酵液中的多糖、多酚、黄酮和抗坏血酸含量、超氧化物歧化酶活性、清除羟自由基、超氧阴离子、DPPH自由基和ABTS自由基能力及铁离子还原能力,全面评价光核纤孔菌的抗氧化活性,以期为该种真菌进一步的药理研究及保护、开发、利用提供资源储备和基础数据。
光核纤孔菌菌株XJ021,分离自中国新疆克拉玛依市小拐乡胡杨林上,现保藏于北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院林木资源高效生产全国重点实验室。
加富PDA培养基(g/L):去皮马铃薯200,葡萄糖20,KNO3 5,KH2PO4 1,琼脂20,VB1 0.01,pH自然。碳源未添加培养基(g/L):KNO3 5,KH2PO4 1,琼脂20,VB1 0.01,pH自然。氮源未添加培养基(g/L):葡萄糖20,KH2PO4 1,琼脂20,VB1 0.01,pH自然。无机盐未添加培养基(g/L):葡萄糖20,KNO3 5,琼脂20,VB1 0.01,pH自然。液体培养基(g/L):除不添加琼脂外,均以优化后的培养基组成成分而定。
制备加富PDA培养基于121 ℃、1×105 Pa灭菌30 min后倒入培养皿制成平板。将保藏的光核纤孔菌从斜面培养基接种至平板中央,置于28 ℃恒温暗培养箱中培养10 d备用。
碳源:碳源未添加培养基中分别添加葡萄糖、果糖、麦芽糖、蔗糖、玉米淀粉、可溶性淀粉(20 g/L)为碳源,以碳源未添加培养基为对照,各5个重复,28 ℃恒温黑暗静置培养。
氮源:氮源未添加培养基中分别添加KNO3、(NH4)2SO4、牛肉膏、蛋白胨、尿素、麦芽浸粉、酵母浸粉、麦麸(5 g/L)为氮源,以氮源未添加培养基为对照,各5个重复,28 ℃恒温黑暗静置培养。
无机盐:无机盐未添加培养基中分别添加KH2PO4、MgSO4、MnSO4 (1 g/L)为无机盐,以无机盐未添加培养基为对照,各5个重复,28 ℃恒温黑暗静置培养。
pH:加富PDA培养基高压蒸汽灭菌后凝固前分别添加经0.22 μm过滤除菌的甘氨酸-盐酸缓冲液、柠檬酸-磷酸缓冲液、2-(N-吗啉基)乙磺酸缓冲液、磷酸缓冲液、Tris-盐酸缓冲液,对应调整培养基pH为5.0、5.5、6.0、6.5、7.0、7.5、8.0、8.5、9.0,各5个重复,28 ℃恒温黑暗静置培养。
温度:仅加富PDA培养基,各5个重复,分别于15、20、25、30、35 ℃恒温黑暗静置培养。
将单因子试验最优结果作为0水平进行正交试验,具体各因子水平见表1,各5个重复,分别于温度单因子试验得到的最适温度水平恒温黑暗静置培养。
采用十字交叉法测量并记录光核纤孔菌固体培养过程中的菌落生长直径。菌丝生长速率(mm/d) = (最后一次测量菌落直径−第一次测量菌落直径)/培养时间。
制备液体培养基于121 ℃、1×105 Pa 灭菌30 min备用。每个250 mL锥形瓶分装100 mL液体培养基,在长满菌丝的平板上用打孔器从边缘取5块直径1 cm的菌块接种于锥形瓶中,置于摇床28 ℃、150 r/min黑暗振荡培养。待菌丝球发酵5 d后,用内切式匀浆机以1 000 r/min将发酵菌液粉碎1 min制成均匀菌悬液,充分振荡后吸取10 mL接种至100 mL液体培养基中,置于摇床28 ℃、150 r/min黑暗振荡培养14 d,设3个重复。每隔2 d取发酵液经4 ℃、12 000 r/min离心20 min,所得上清液进行抗氧化活性测定。
多糖含量:采用总多糖检测试剂盒(北京博奥拓达科技有限公司),通过分光光度法测定。利用水提醇沉法提取多糖,添加苯酚-浓硫酸测定反应体系在490 nm处的吸光值即可计算多糖含量,设3个重复。实验制得标准曲线为:y= 15.963x−0.003 7,相关系数R2=0.999 7。
多酚含量:采用植物总酚检测试剂盒(南京建成生物工程研究所),通过分光光度法测定。在碱性条件下,酚类物质将钨钼酸还原,产生蓝色化合物,在760 nm处有特征吸收峰,测定此处吸光值即可计算多酚含量,设3个重复。实验制得标准曲线为:y=1 101.3x−16.165,相关系数R2=0.998 8。
黄酮含量:采用植物黄酮检测试剂盒(南京建成生物工程研究所),通过分光光度法测定。在碱性NO2-溶液中,黄酮与铝离子形成红色络合物,在502 nm处有特征吸收峰,测定此处吸光值即可计算黄酮含量,设3个重复。实验制得标准曲线为:y=0.110 1x−0.001 5,相关系数R2= 0.999 8。
抗坏血酸含量:采用抗坏血酸测定试剂盒(南京建成生物工程研究所),通过分光光度法测定。抗坏血酸可将Fe3+还原成Fe2+,后者再与菲啰啉发生显色反应,在536 nm处有特征吸收峰,测定此处吸光值即可计算抗坏血酸含量,设3个重复。
超氧化物歧化酶活性:采用超氧化物歧化酶测定试剂盒(南京建成生物工程研究所),通过分光光度法测定。在碱性条件下,邻苯三酚会自氧化并同时生成超氧阴离子,添加超氧化物歧化酶可清除超氧阴离子从而抑制邻苯三酚的自氧化过程,在450 nm处有特征吸收峰,测定此处吸光值即可计算超氧化物歧化酶活性,设3个重复。反应体系中超氧化物歧化酶抑制率达50%时所对应的酶量为一个超氧化物歧化酶活力单位(U)。
清除羟自由基能力:采用羟自由基测定试剂盒(南京建成生物工程研究所),通过分光光度法测定。羟自由基与griess显色剂反应,在550 nm处有特征吸收峰,测定此处吸光值即可计算清除率,设3个重复。反应体系中每mL发酵液在37 ℃条件下反应1 min后降低1 mmol/L反应体系内的H2O2浓度作为1个清除羟自由基能力单位。
清除超氧阴离子能力:采用超氧阴离子测定试剂盒(南京建成生物工程研究所),通过分光光度法测定。黄嘌呤经黄嘌呤氧化酶作用产生超氧阴离子,添加griess显色剂发生显色反应,其呈色与超氧阴离子数量成正比关系,在550 nm处有特征吸收峰,测定此处吸光值即可计算样本对超氧阴离子的清除能力,设3个重复。反应体系中每升发酵液在37 ℃条件下反应40 min后所抑制的超氧阴离子自由基为1个清除超氧阴离子能力单位。
清除DPPH自由基能力:采用DPPH自由基测定试剂盒(南京建成生物工程研究所),通过分光光度法测定。DPPH自由基具单电子,在517 nm处有特征吸收峰,其醇溶液呈紫色。添加抗氧化剂后,由于电子配对而使DPPH自由基特征吸收峰逐渐减小至消失,进而测定反应体系在517 nm处的吸光值即可计算样本对DPPH自由基的清除率,设3个重复。
清除ABTS自由基能力:采用总抗氧化活性测定试剂盒(ABTS法) (南京建成生物工程研究所),通过分光光度法测定。ABTS在适当的氧化剂作用下可被氧化成绿色ABTS+,在405 nm处有特征吸收峰。添加抗氧化剂后,ABTS+的产生会被抑制,测定反应体系在405 nm处的吸光值即可计算样本对ABTS自由基的清除率,设 3个重复。
铁离子还原能力:采用总抗氧化活性测定试剂盒(FRAP法) (南京建成生物工程研究所),通过分光光度法测定。抗氧化剂可在酸性条件下还原Fe3+-氯化三苯四氮唑(2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride, TPTZ)产生蓝色Fe2+-TPTZ,在593 nm处有特征吸收峰,测定此处吸光值即可计算样本的FRAP,设3个重复。实验制得标准曲线为:y=6.032 5x−0.980 5,相关系数R2=0.942 7。
采取多次平行实验设计,数据结果以平均值±标准差表示。通过统计软件对所得数据进行单因素方差分析、Walker-Duncan多重方差检验分析和一元线性回归分析。
光核纤孔菌野生子实体见图1A,固体平板培养菌丝见图1B。菌丝生长初期呈白色,后逐渐呈淡黄色,表明该真菌在生长发育过程中有色素分泌积累,整体长势相较于同期培养的栓孔菌Trametes较缓慢,且在接种块周围呈现先增厚再延展的生长趋势。
在固体培养的14 d内,菌丝生长速率缓慢加快,在第14天,不同碳源下的菌丝生长速率大小排序依次为可溶性淀粉>玉米淀粉>麦芽糖>对照>蔗糖>果糖>葡萄糖(图2A)。方差分析结果见表2,不同碳源条件下的菌丝生长速率呈现显著差异。其中,光核纤孔菌对可溶性淀粉表现出明显的偏好性,在14 d的菌丝生长速率为(4.751±0.023) mm/d,而蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖的菌丝生长速率小于对照组。综合分析表明可溶性淀粉为最适碳源。
不同氮源培养8 d,菌丝生长速率随时间变化呈上升趋势(图2B)。其中以酵母浸粉的菌丝生长速率为最快,在8 d达到(7.835±0.053) mm/d,其次是麦芽浸粉[(5.853±0.057) mm/d] (表2)。以麦麸为氮源的菌丝生长速率变化趋势不同于其他氮源条件,在第5天达到峰值后呈下降趋势。方差分析表明,蛋白胨和牛肉膏为氮源的菌丝生长速率无显著差异,(NH4)2SO4和尿素为氮源的菌丝生长速率也无显著差异,而KNO3条件下的菌丝生长速率显著低于对照组,8 d的菌丝生长速率仅为(0.958±0.093) mm/d (表2)。综合分析表明,酵母浸粉为最适氮源。
14 d光核纤孔菌菌丝生长速率呈上升趋势,在第14天时菌丝生长速率达到最快,3种无机盐条件下的菌丝生长速率均高于对照组,按菌丝生长速率快慢依次为KH2PO4>MgSO4>MnSO4>对照(图2C)。方差分析结果表明,不同无机盐条件下14 d内的平均菌丝生长速率有显著差异,KH2PO4条件下的菌丝生长速率为最快,达到(4.570±0.037) mm/d (表2)。综合分析表明,光核纤孔菌对KH2PO4表现出明显偏好。
在pH 5-9范围内菌丝均可生长,且菌丝生长速率随固体培养时间呈上升趋势(图2D)。方差分析结果表明,pH 9时菌丝生长速率最高且具有显著优势,7 d的菌丝生长速率达到(9.385± 0.036) mm/d (表2)。pH 6时7 d的菌丝生长速率最低,仅为(3.566±0.170) mm/d。综合分析表明,菌丝在偏酸性环境下的生长速率较低,在中性和碱性环境下相对较高,以pH 9为最适。
在15-35 ℃内,菌丝生长速率随温度的升高而变大(图2E)。不同温度下培养10 d的光核纤孔菌菌丝生长速率方差分析见表2,5 ℃的温度差异,菌丝生长速率差异显著。10 d的菌丝生长速率快慢排序依次为35 ℃> 30 ℃>25 ℃> 20 ℃>15 ℃,在35 ℃时菌丝生长速率达到(6.346±0.046) mm/d。综合分析表明,35 ℃为最适培养温度。
根据单因素试验结果进行4因子3水平正交试验,每组设置5个重复(表3)。其中,第4组的菌丝生长速率最快,9 d的生长速率为(6.761± 0.116) mm/d。由极差可知,对光核纤孔菌菌丝生长速率的影响力大小排序为碳源>氮源>无机盐>pH,碳源对菌丝生长速率的影响最大。最佳组合为可溶性淀粉20 g/L、酵母浸粉1 g/L、KH2PO4 1 g/L、pH 10。方差分析结果显示,碳源、氮源、无机盐及pH对光核纤孔菌菌丝生长速率影响极显著(P<0.01),模型能够解释92.95%的菌丝生长速率变异(表4)。
液体发酵过程中光核纤孔菌的多糖含量在2-12 d呈上升趋势,6-8 d上升幅度明显,8-12 d上升幅度变小,在第12天达到峰值[(64.285± 0.489) µg/mL],完成多糖的积累过程(图3A)。第14天的多糖含量较第12天略有降低,但10-14 d多糖含量皆维持在较高水平,均大于60 µg/mL,与2-8 d的多糖含量相比具有显著差异。
光核纤孔菌在液体发酵过程中的多酚含量在前10 d整体呈上升趋势,第2-4天上升幅度最大,在第6天的短暂波动后继续进行多酚的累积且至第10天达到峰值,为(8.239±0.483) mmol/L,随后随着菌丝的逐渐老化多酚含量有所降低,与初始含量相当(图3B)。
在液体发酵过程中,黄酮含量在2-6 d迅速积累,第6天达到峰值,为(104.043±5.401) μg/mL,而后明显下降,在8-10 d有短暂回升,第14天为(58.462±3.407) μg/mL,显著低于初始水平(图3C)。
光核纤孔菌在液体发酵过程中的抗坏血酸含量整体呈上升趋势,2-10 d抗坏血酸含量显著上升,第10天达到较高水平,10-14 d的抗坏血酸含量无显著差异,第14天的抗坏血酸含量相对更高,为(54.750±0.388) μg/mL (图3D)。
超氧化物歧化酶是生物体一类关键的抗氧化酶,通过催化超氧阴离子的歧化反应保护机体免受氧化损伤(Halliwell 2006)。光核纤孔菌在液体发酵过程中的超氧化物歧化酶活性在2-8 d呈上升趋势,第8天时达到峰值,为(87.346±0.800) U/mL(图3E)。第10天的活性下降不显著,仍维持在较高水平,后显著下降,在第14天时高于初始水平。光核纤孔菌液体发酵8 d的超氧化物歧化酶活性是松脂皱皮孔菌Ischnoderma resinosum的1.56倍,表明光核纤孔菌分泌超氧化物歧化酶的能力较强(叶祎璠等 2025)。
羟自由基是活性最强的活性氧之一,极不稳定,具有极高的氧化能力,可快速引发自由基链式反应,将有机物彻底氧化为CO2、H2O和无机盐(邓淑芳等 2004)。光核纤孔菌在液体发酵过程中清除羟自由基的能力随发酵时间表现出较大波动,第2天时较强,羟自由基清除率为(52.950±1.272)%,在第4天短暂下降后迅速提高,并在第6天达到峰值,为(59.136±1.277)%,而后显著下降且至第10天下降至最低值,为(42.798±1.552)%,后期羟自由基清除率变化幅度较小,第12天和第14天分别为(47.351±2.125)%和(43.618±2.429)% (图3F)。表明光核纤孔菌具有一定的羟自由基清除能力。
光核纤孔菌在液体发酵过程中清除超氧阴离子的能力整体呈先上升后下降的趋势(图3G)。2-8 d超氧阴离子清除率显著上升,在第8天时达到峰值,为(99.531±0.324)%,而后显著下降,第14天时的超氧阴离子清除率为(76.467±1.588)%,显著高于初始水平。在液体发酵的14 d内,超氧化物歧化酶活性与超氧阴离子清除能力的变化趋势一致,这与超氧化物歧化酶对超氧阴离子的歧化作用有关。
DPPH 自由基是一种以氮为中心的稳定有机自由基,广泛应用于抗氧化剂活性的评估(熊双丽等 2012)。光核纤孔菌在液体发酵过程中清除DPPH自由基的能力在2-10 d显著上升,并在第10天达到峰值,为(88.662±1.302)%,而后明显下降且至第14天下降至最低值,为(76.741± 2.036)%,仍显著高于初始水平(图3H)。
ABTS自由基是一种广泛应用于测定抗氧化活性的化学探针(Bedlovičová et al. 2020)。光核纤孔菌在液体发酵过程中清除ABTS自由基的能力始终保持较高水平,在第2天已经达到(98.783±0.092)%,此后逐渐提高且在第10天达到(99.147±0.118)%,在第12天短暂波动后继续升高,在第14天达到最大值,为(99.191±0.171)% (图3I)。光核纤孔菌在发酵的14 d内较高的ABTS自由基清除能力也反映了该菌株具有很强的抗氧化活性。
光核纤孔菌在液体发酵过程中FRAP值整体呈上升趋势(图3J)。第2-4天FRAP值大幅提升,第4-10天较为平稳,10-12 d迅速上升并达到峰值,为(5.595±0.062) mmol/L。第14天FRAP值有小幅度下降,但仍保持在较高水平,为(5.474±0.034) mmol/L。
对光核纤孔菌菌株在液体发酵过程中测得的药理成分多糖、多酚、黄酮、抗坏血酸含量与抗氧化活性指标超氧化物歧化酶活性、清除羟自由基、超氧阴离子、DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基能力以及铁离子还原能力进行一元线性回归分析,以探究光核纤孔菌所含药理成分与其抗氧化活性的相关性。P<0.05代表显著相关,P<0.01代表极显著相关,R2>0.775代表线性拟合程度较好。
光核纤孔菌中多糖含量与超氧化物歧化酶活性、清除羟自由基及超氧阴离子能力之间的线性相关关系不显著(P>0.05),与铁离子还原能力的线性相关关系显著(P<0.05),但拟合程度不高(R2<0.775),与清除DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基能力的线性相关关系极为显著(P<0.01)且拟合效果好(R2>0.775) (图4)。而抗坏血酸含量表现出与多糖近似的线性相关关系。多酚含量与超氧化物歧化酶活性的线性相关关系极为显著(P<0.01)且拟合效果好(R2>0.775),与清除超氧阴离子能力呈显著线性相关关系(P<0.05),但拟合程度不高(R2<0.775)。黄酮含量与各抗氧化活性间无显著线性相关关系(P>0.05)。
光核纤孔菌在分类学和系统发育关系上与药用价值高的桑黄孔菌属Sanghuangporus、纤孔菌属Inonotus真菌分类地位较近,目前已有研究揭示光核纤孔菌提取物可缓解胰岛素抵抗、抗氧化和抗菌,具有潜在的药用价值(Ehsanifard et al. 2017;Chaharmiri-Dokhaharani et al. 2024)。但缺乏关于光核纤孔菌生物学特性和抗氧化活性的系统性研究。
本研究对光核纤孔菌的生物学特性进行了单因素实验和正交试验,以探究固体培养的最适条件。单因素实验发现光核纤孔菌在各培养条件下都能进行菌丝生长,对可溶性淀粉、酵母浸粉、KH2PO4具有偏好性,菌丝生长更快,且偏好35 ℃、pH 9环境。正交试验表明,碳源、氮源、无机盐及pH在光核纤孔菌菌丝生长过程中具有极显著影响,其中,碳源对菌丝生长速率的影响最为突出,这与紫色秃马勃Calvatia lilacina、四川灵芝G. sichuanense、松脂皱皮孔菌I. resinosum相似(穆双双等 2020;钱坤等 2022;叶祎璠等 2025),但不同于受氮源影响最大的粗毛纤孔菌(周苗等 2023),不同大型真菌表现出菌丝生长条件偏好差异性。正交实验结果显示固体培养的最佳组合为可溶性淀粉20 g/L、酵母浸粉1 g/L、KH2PO4 1 g/L、pH 10。大部分大型真菌偏好中性或偏酸性环境,如绒柄小皮伞Marasmius confluens、四川灵芝、卷须猴头菌Hericium cirrhatum、松脂皱皮孔菌(柴新义等 2017;钱坤等 2022;潘长漭等 2024;叶祎璠等 2025),而单因素实验和正交试验都表明光核纤孔菌在偏碱性条件下菌丝生长速率更快,与粗毛纤孔菌具有同样的碱性条件偏好(王华等 2022;周苗等 2023)。
多糖、多酚、黄酮等次级代谢产物是大型真菌药用作用的主要活性物质,同时也具有抗氧化作用(李峻志等 2014)。研究发现在液体发酵的14 d内,多糖、多酚和黄酮含量整体上都呈先上升后下降的趋势,可能因为前期摇瓶中O2含量相对较高使得多糖、多酚和黄酮含量迅速增加以抵抗环境氧化作用,而后O2的逐渐消耗使得菌株抗氧化的需求降低,进而多糖、多酚和黄酮含量随之降低(孟歌等 2016)。但抗坏血酸含量仍维持在较高水平,并在发酵后期抗环境氧化胁迫中发挥主要作用。光核纤孔菌的抗坏血酸含量在第14天达到(54.750±0.388) μg/mL,高于四川灵芝(13.97±0.97) μg/mL、松脂皱皮孔菌(24.11±1.59) μg/mL (钱坤等 2022;叶祎璠等 2025)及Wang et al. (2023)研究得到的高山桑黄Sanghuangporus alpinus、鲍姆桑黄Sanghuangporus baumii、忍冬桑黄S. lonicericola、栎生桑黄S. quercicola、瓦尼桑黄S. vaninii在液体发酵14 d内的抗坏血酸含量最高值,但相比桑树桑黄S. sanghuang、锦带花桑黄Sanghuangporus weigelae和环区桑黄Sanghuangporus zonatus略低。在液体发酵的14 d内,光核纤孔菌对羟自由基、超氧阴离子、DPPH自由基的清除能力以及铁离子还原能力较强,对ABTS自由基清除能力极强。且相较于栎生桑黄、忍冬桑黄和粗毛纤孔菌,光核纤孔菌的ABTS自由基清除能力在14 d内更为稳定,波动不显著(王一菲等 2019;周苗等 2023),说明该菌株具有良好的抗氧化活性,能作为天然抗氧化剂开发利用。对于药用真菌的次级代谢产物与抗氧化活性研究较多,在菌株、培养发酵条件、评价方法上有所不同,如张思瑶等(2024)先对东亚木层孔菌Phellinus orientoasiaticus、鲍姆桑黄和忍冬桑黄的粗多糖、总黄酮和总三萜进行提取,再测定提取物的抗氧化活性;王一菲等(2019)、Wang et al. (2023)分别采用Yang et al. (2016)的粗多糖提取方法、苯酚硫酸法对栎生桑黄菌株Wei 7575与忍冬桑黄Dai 17304的多糖含量进行测定,得到的多糖含量差异较大。将各菌株进行相同条件的活化、发酵和抗氧化活性测定有利于系统比较各菌株差异;另外,借助组学手段对次级代谢产物合成基因簇和代谢通路进行研究也是揭示次级代谢产物和抗氧化活性差异性机理的有效方法(Liu et al. 2022;Jin et al. 2024;Ma et al. 2024)。
对光核纤孔菌在液体发酵过程中分泌的药理成分与抗氧化活性进行一元线性回归模型分析,结果显示,多糖、抗坏血酸含量与清除DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基能力的线性相关关系极为显著(P<0.01)且拟合效果好(R2>0.775)。多糖和抗坏血酸可分别通过还原性羟基和烯醇羟基提供强还原性,直接进行单电子转移和氢原子转移,从而终止自由基链式反应(Nemzer et al. 2019;Santos et al. 2022)。多酚含量与超氧化物歧化酶活性的线性相关关系极为显著(P<0.01)且拟合效果好(R2>0.775),与超氧阴离子去除能力呈显著线性相关关系(P<0.05)但拟合程度不高(R2<0.775),推测多酚主要通过增加超氧化物歧化酶活性从而发挥抗氧化作用,其次是对超氧阴离子的直接清除(Yang et al. 2020)。黄酮含量与抗氧化活性之间的相关性较差(P>0.05),推测黄酮需通过多种活性成分的协同作用对抗氧化活性产生影响,这一机制在粗毛纤孔菌中也有报道(周苗等 2023)。清除羟自由基能力与各药理成分含量的线性相关关系同样不显著(P>0.05),羟自由基作为氧化能力极强、寿命极短的活性氧,可与抗氧化剂的电子或氢原子直接中和,或通过多酚等的金属螯合作用减少生成(Lü et al. 2010),易受具抗氧化作用的药理成分的综合影响。
综上所述,本文通过对光核纤孔菌生物学特性和抗氧化活性的研究得到光核纤孔菌固体培养的培养条件偏好及最优方案,并证实了菌株XJ021具有较强的抗氧化活性,为保护、开发和利用光核纤孔菌资源提供了菌株储备和研究数据。
唐禄鑫:论文构思及撰写、实验操作、数据分析和验证、软件使用、图片绘制;季盈仪:论文构思及撰写、实验菌株分离纯化、数据分析、软件使用;刘阳:论文构思及撰写、实验操作、数据分析;王豪:实验菌株纯化、数据管理、图片绘制;叶奕萱:实验操作、数据验证;员瑗:提供实验材料、论文构思、数据管理、项目管理与监督;司静:论文构思、审核与修改、数据分析、管理和验证、项目管理与监督。
该研究不存在任何潜在利益冲突的商业或财务关系。
  • 北京市科技新星计划(20230484322)
  • 第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2021xjkk0505)
  • 北京林业大学“大学生创新创业训练计划”(X202310022316)
  • 北京林业大学“国家级大学生创新创业训练计划”(202310022109)
  • 北京林业大学“国家级大学生创新创业训练计划”(202510022140)
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2026年第45卷第1期
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doi: 10.13346/j.mycosystema.250218
  • 接收时间:2025-07-17
  • 首发时间:2026-04-30
  • 出版时间:2026-01-22
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-17
  • 录用日期:2025-07-28
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Beijing Nova Program(20230484322)
北京市科技新星计划(20230484322)
Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedition Program(2021xjkk0505)
第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2021xjkk0505)
Beijing Forestry University Undergraduate Training Program for Innovation and Entrepreneurship(X202310022316)
北京林业大学“大学生创新创业训练计划”(X202310022316)
National Undergraduate Training Program for Innovation and Entrepreneurship(202310022109)
北京林业大学“国家级大学生创新创业训练计划”(202310022109)
National Undergraduate Training Program for Innovation and Entrepreneurship(202510022140)
北京林业大学“国家级大学生创新创业训练计划”(202510022140)
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    北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院林木资源高效生产全国重点实验室,北京 100083

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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