菌物学报

基因 Gene	引物名称 Primer	引物序列 Primer sequence (5′→3′)	来源 Reference
ITS	ITS5	GGAAGTAAAAGTCGTAACAAGG	White et al. 1990
ITS4	TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC
nrSSU	CSSU3F	TCTCAAAGATTAAGCCATGC	Chen et al. 2013
CSSU18R	TCACCAACGGAGACCTTG
nrLSU	LR5	ATCCTGAGGGAAACTTC	Vilgalys & Hester 1990
LR0R	GTACCCGCTGAACTTAAGC
tef-1α	EF1α-EF	GCTCCYGGHCAYCGTGAYTTYAT	Bischoff et al. 2006; Sung et al. 2007b
EF1α-ER	ATGACACCRACRGCRACRGTYTG
rpb1	rpb1-5'F	CAYCCWGGYTTYATCAAGAA
rpb1-5'R	CCNGCDATNTCRTTRTCCATRTA
rpb2	rpb2-5'F	CCCATRGCTTGTYYRCCCAT
rpb2-5'R	GAYGAYMGWGATCAYTTYGG

基因 Gene	引物名称 Primer	引物序列 Primer sequence (5′→3′)	来源 Reference
ITS	ITS5	GGAAGTAAAAGTCGTAACAAGG	White et al. 1990
ITS4	TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC
nrSSU	CSSU3F	TCTCAAAGATTAAGCCATGC	Chen et al. 2013
CSSU18R	TCACCAACGGAGACCTTG
nrLSU	LR5	ATCCTGAGGGAAACTTC	Vilgalys & Hester 1990
LR0R	GTACCCGCTGAACTTAAGC
tef-1α	EF1α-EF	GCTCCYGGHCAYCGTGAYTTYAT	Bischoff et al. 2006; Sung et al. 2007b
EF1α-ER	ATGACACCRACRGCRACRGTYTG
rpb1	rpb1-5'F	CAYCCWGGYTTYATCAAGAA
rpb1-5'R	CCNGCDATNTCRTTRTCCATRTA
rpb2	rpb2-5'F	CCCATRGCTTGTYYRCCCAT
rpb2-5'R	GAYGAYMGWGATCAYTTYGG

物种 Species	菌株 Voucher	寄主 Host	GenBank登录号 GenBank accession number	文献引证 References
O. borealis	GACPR_16002	Coleoptera	MK863045	MK863052	MK860190	-	-	Zha et al. 2021
O. borealis	MFLU_18_0163	Coleoptera	MK863044	MK863051	MK860189	-	-	Zha et al. 2021
O. clavata	BCC_95653	Coleoptera	-	-	OR855796	OR855816	OR855838	Mongkolsamrit et al. 2024
O. clavata	BUO_545	Coleoptera	-	MH879601	MH879672	MH885450	-
O. clavata	CEM_1762	Coleoptera	KJ878916	KJ878882	KJ878963	KJ878996	-	Quandt et al. 2014
O. clavata	NBRC_106961	Coleoptera	-	JN941414	AB968586	JN992461	AB968547	Ban et al. 2015
O. clavata	NBRC_106962	Coleoptera	JN941726	JN941415	AB968587	JN992460	AB968548	Ban et al. 2015
O. entomorrhiza	KEW_53484	Coleoptera	EF468954	EF468809	EF468749	EF468857	EF468911	Sung et al. 2007a
O. formosana	MFLU:15-3888	Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea	KU854951	-	KU854949	KU854947	-	Li et al. 2016
O. formosana	NTU_00035	Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea	-	-	KT275192	KT275190	KT275191	Wang YW et al. 2015
O. formosana	TNMF_13893	Coleoptera	KJ878908	-	KJ878956	KJ878988	KJ878943	Wang YW et al. 2015
O. highlandensis	HKAS83207	Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea	KM581284	-	-	KM581274	KM581278	Yang et al. 2015
O. hignlandensis	YHH_OH1301	Coleoptera: Melolonthidae	KR479869	-	KR479870	KR479872	KR479874	Wang YB et al. 2015
O. konnoana	EFCC_7295	Coleoptera	EF468958	-	-	EF468862	EF468915	Sung et al. 2007a
O. konnoana	EFCC_7315	Coleoptera	EF468959	-	EF468753	EF468861	EF468916	Sung et al. 2007a
O. krachonicola	BCC_79666	Coleoptera	-	MK632080	MK632054	MK632161	MK632132	Thanakitpipattana et al. 2020
O. krachonicola	BCC_79667	Coleoptera	-	MK632081	MK632055	MK632162	MK632133	Thanakitpipattana et al. 2020
O. kuchinaraiensis	BCC_95830	Coleoptera	-	OQ627397	OQ625474	-	OQ625475	Crous et al. 2023
O. melolonthae	OSC_110993	Coleoptera	DQ522548	DQ518762	DQ522331	DQ522376	-	Sung et al. 2007a
O. melolonthae	Ophgrc_679	Coleoptera	-	KC610768	KC610744	KF658666	-	Sanjuan et al. 2015
O. neovolkiana	OSC_151903	Coleoptera	KJ878930	KJ878896	KJ878976	KJ879010	-	Sung et al. 2007a
O. nigrella	EFCC_9247	Coleoptera	EF468963	EF468818	EF468758	EF468866	EF468920	Sung et al. 2007a
O. paraisariaoidea	GZY_OPNJ2023-1	Lepidoptara	PV890077	PV890078	PV897478	PV897480	-	本研究This study
O. paraisariaoidea	GZY_OPNJ2023-2	Lepidoptara	PX105295	PV890079	PV897479	PV897481	-	本研究This study
O. pseudovariabilis	BCC_88311	Coleoptera	-	-	OR855800	OR855824	OR855844	Mongkolsamrit et al. 2024
O. purpureostromata	TNS_F18430	Coleoptera	KJ878931	KJ878897	KJ878977	KJ879011	-	Quandt et al. 2014
O. ravenelii	OSC_110995	Coleoptera: Beetle larva	DQ522550	DQ518764	DQ522334	DQ522379	DQ522430	Sung et al. 2007a
O. ravenelii	OSC_151914	Coleoptera	KJ878932	-	KJ878978	KJ879012	KJ878950	Sung et al. 2007a
O. spicatus	MFLU18-0164	Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea	MK863047	MK863054	MK860192	-	-	Zha et al. 2021
O. variabilis	ARSEF_5365	Diptera: Xylophagidae	DQ522555	DQ518769	DQ522340	DQ522386	DQ522437	Spatafora et al. 2007
O. variabilis	OSC_111003	Diptera: Xylophagidae	EF468985	EF468839	EF468779	EF468885	EF468933	Mongkolsamrit et al. 2019
Parisaria alba	HKAS_102484	Orthoptera	MN943843	MN943839	MN929085	MN929078	MN929082	Wei et al. 2021
Par. amazonica	HUA_186094	Orthoptera	KJ917565	-	KM411986	KP212906	-	Sanjuan et al. 2015
Par. amazonica	HUA_186100	Orthoptera	KJ917564	-	KM411987	KP212907	-	Sanjuan et al. 2015
Par. amazonica	HUA_186101	Orthoptera	-	-	KM411988	KP212908	KM411981	Sanjuan et al. 2015
Par. amazonica	HUA_186113	Orthoptera	KJ917566	KJ917572	-	KP212903	KM411980	Sanjuan et al. 2015
Par. amazonica	HUA_186136	Orthoptera	KJ917560	-	KM411991	KP212905	-	Sanjuan et al. 2015
Par. amazonica	Ophama2026	Orthoptera	KJ917562	KJ917571	KM411989	KP212902	KM411982	Sanjuan et al. 2015
Par. arcta	HKAS 102552	Lepidoptera	MN943844	MN943840	MN929086	MN929079	MN929083	Wei et al. 2021
Par. arcta	HKAS_102553	Lepidoptera	MN943845	MN943841	MN929087	MN929080	-	Wei et al. 2021
Par. blattarioides	HUA_186108	Blattodea, Dyctioptera	KJ917558	KJ917569	-	KP212912	KM411984	Sanjuan et al. 2015
Par. blattarioides	HUA_186093	Blattodea, cockroach	KJ917559	KJ917570	KM411992	KP212910	-	Sanjuan et al. 2015
Par. cascadensis	OSC-M-052010	Orthoptera	OQ800918	OQ708931	OR199814	OR199828	OR199838	Tehan et al. 2023
Par. cascadensis	OSC-M-052012	Orthoptera	OQ800920	OQ708933	OR199816	OR199830	-	Tehan et al. 2023
Par. cascadensis	OSC-M-052017	Orthoptera	OQ800921	OQ708934	OR199817	OR199831	-	Tehan et al. 2023
Par. coenomyiae	NBRC_108993	Diptera: Coenomyia	AB968384	AB968412	AB968570	-	AB968532	Ban et al. 2015
Par. coenomyiae	NBRC_106964	Diptera: Coenomyiidae	AB968385	AB968413	AB968571	-	AB968533	Ban et al. 2015
Par. gracilioides	Ophgrc934	Coleoptera (Elateridae larva)	KJ917556	-	KM411994	KP212914	-	Sanjuan et al. 2015
Par. gracilioides	HUA 186092	Coleoptera	KJ917555	KJ130992	-	KP212915	-	Sanjuan et al. 2015
Par. cf. gracilis	EFCC_3101	Lepidoptera	EF468955	EF468810	EF468750	EF468858	EF468913	Sung et al. 2007a
Par. gracilis	EFCC_8572	Lepidoptera	EF468956	EF468811	EF468751	EF468859	EF468912	Sung et al. 2007a
Par. heteropoda	EFCC 10125	Hemiptera: Cicada	EF468957	EF468812	EF468752	EF468860	EF468914	Quandt et al. 2014
Par. heteropoda	NBRC 100642	Hemiptera	JN941720	JN941421	AB968594	JN992454	AB968555	Ban et al. 2015
Par. heteropoda	NBRC 100643	Hemiptera	JN941719	JN941422	AB968595	JN992453	AB968556	Ban et al. 2015
Par. heteropoda	NBRC_100644	Hemiptera	JN941718	JN941423	AB968596	JN992452	AB968557	Ban et al. 2015
Par. heteropoda	NBRC 33060	Hemiptera	AB113352	-	MK214083	MK214087	-	Mongkolsamrit et al. 2019
Par. heteropoda	OSC_106404	Hemiptera	AY489690	AY489722	AY489617	AY489651	-	Sung et al. 2007a
Par. insignis	OSC.164134	Coleoptera	OQ800911	OQ708924	OR199807	OR199822	-	Tehan et al. 2023
Par. insignis	OSC.164135	Coleoptera	OQ800912	OQ708925	OR199808	OR199823	-	Tehan et al. 2023
Par. insignis	OSC.164137	Coleoptera	OQ800913	OQ708926	OR199809	OR199824	-	Tehan et al. 2023
Par. insignis	OSC-M-052004	Coleoptera	OQ800914	OQ708927	OR199810	-	-	Tehan et al. 2023
Par. insignis	OSC-M-052008	Coleoptera	OQ800917	OQ708930	OR199813	OR199827	-	Tehan et al. 2023
Par. insignis	OSC-M-052013	Coleoptera	OQ800924	OQ708938	OR199820	OR199834	-	Tehan et al. 2023
Par. orthopterorum	BBC88305	Orthoptera	-	MK332583	MK214080	MK214084	-	Mongkolsamrit et al. 2019
Par. orthopterorum	TBRC 9710	Orthoptera	-	MK332582	MK214081	MK214085	-	Mongkolsamrit et al. 2019
Par. phuwiangensis	BBH 43492	Coleoptera	-	MH201169	MH211355	MH211352	-	Mongkolsamrit et al. 2019
Par. phuwiangensis	TBRC9709	Coleoptera: Elateridae	-	MK192057	MK214082	MK214086	-	Mongkolsamrit et al. 2019
Par. pseudoheteropoda	OSC-M-052005	Hemiptera	OQ800915	OQ708928	OR199811	OR199825	OR199836	Tehan et al. 2023
Par. pseudoheteropoda	OSC-M-052007	Hemiptera	OQ800916	OQ708929	OR199812	OR199826	OR199837	Tehan et al. 2023
Par. pseudoheteropoda	OSC-M-052009	Hemiptera	OQ800922	OQ708935	OR199818	OR199832	OR199840	Tehan et al. 2023
Par. pseudoheteropoda	OSC-M-052020	Hemiptera	OQ800923	OQ708937	OR199819	OR199833	-	Tehan et al. 2023
Par. pseudoheteropoda	OSC-M-052022	Hemiptera	OQ800925	OQ708939	OR199821	OR199835	OR199841	Tehan et al. 2023
Par. rosea	HKAS_102546	Coleoptera	MN943846	MN943842	MN929088	MN929081	MN929084	Wei et al. 2021
Par. tettigonia	GZUHCS14062709	Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae	KT345955	-	KT375440	KT375441	-	Wen et al. 2016
Par. yodhathaii	BBH43163	Coleoptera: Elateridae	-	MK332584	MH211353	MH211349	-	Mongkolsamrit et al. 2019
Par. yodhathaii	TBRC 8502	Coleoptera	-	MH201168	MH211354	MH211350	-	Mongkolsamrit et al. 2019
Tilachlidiopsis nigra	TNS_16252	Coleoptera	KJ878941	KJ878906	KJ878986	-	-	Quandt et al. 2014
Tilachlidiopsis nigra	TNS_16250	Coleoptera	KJ878942	-	KJ878987	KJ879021	-	Quandt et al. 2014

物种 Species	菌株 Voucher	寄主 Host	GenBank登录号 GenBank accession number	文献引证 References
O. borealis	GACPR_16002	Coleoptera	MK863045	MK863052	MK860190	-	-	Zha et al. 2021
O. borealis	MFLU_18_0163	Coleoptera	MK863044	MK863051	MK860189	-	-	Zha et al. 2021
O. clavata	BCC_95653	Coleoptera	-	-	OR855796	OR855816	OR855838	Mongkolsamrit et al. 2024
O. clavata	BUO_545	Coleoptera	-	MH879601	MH879672	MH885450	-
O. clavata	CEM_1762	Coleoptera	KJ878916	KJ878882	KJ878963	KJ878996	-	Quandt et al. 2014
O. clavata	NBRC_106961	Coleoptera	-	JN941414	AB968586	JN992461	AB968547	Ban et al. 2015
O. clavata	NBRC_106962	Coleoptera	JN941726	JN941415	AB968587	JN992460	AB968548	Ban et al. 2015
O. entomorrhiza	KEW_53484	Coleoptera	EF468954	EF468809	EF468749	EF468857	EF468911	Sung et al. 2007a
O. formosana	MFLU:15-3888	Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea	KU854951	-	KU854949	KU854947	-	Li et al. 2016
O. formosana	NTU_00035	Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea	-	-	KT275192	KT275190	KT275191	Wang YW et al. 2015
O. formosana	TNMF_13893	Coleoptera	KJ878908	-	KJ878956	KJ878988	KJ878943	Wang YW et al. 2015
O. highlandensis	HKAS83207	Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea	KM581284	-	-	KM581274	KM581278	Yang et al. 2015
O. hignlandensis	YHH_OH1301	Coleoptera: Melolonthidae	KR479869	-	KR479870	KR479872	KR479874	Wang YB et al. 2015
O. konnoana	EFCC_7295	Coleoptera	EF468958	-	-	EF468862	EF468915	Sung et al. 2007a
O. konnoana	EFCC_7315	Coleoptera	EF468959	-	EF468753	EF468861	EF468916	Sung et al. 2007a
O. krachonicola	BCC_79666	Coleoptera	-	MK632080	MK632054	MK632161	MK632132	Thanakitpipattana et al. 2020
O. krachonicola	BCC_79667	Coleoptera	-	MK632081	MK632055	MK632162	MK632133	Thanakitpipattana et al. 2020
O. kuchinaraiensis	BCC_95830	Coleoptera	-	OQ627397	OQ625474	-	OQ625475	Crous et al. 2023
O. melolonthae	OSC_110993	Coleoptera	DQ522548	DQ518762	DQ522331	DQ522376	-	Sung et al. 2007a
O. melolonthae	Ophgrc_679	Coleoptera	-	KC610768	KC610744	KF658666	-	Sanjuan et al. 2015
O. neovolkiana	OSC_151903	Coleoptera	KJ878930	KJ878896	KJ878976	KJ879010	-	Sung et al. 2007a
O. nigrella	EFCC_9247	Coleoptera	EF468963	EF468818	EF468758	EF468866	EF468920	Sung et al. 2007a
O. paraisariaoidea	GZY_OPNJ2023-1	Lepidoptara	PV890077	PV890078	PV897478	PV897480	-	本研究This study
O. paraisariaoidea	GZY_OPNJ2023-2	Lepidoptara	PX105295	PV890079	PV897479	PV897481	-	本研究This study
O. pseudovariabilis	BCC_88311	Coleoptera	-	-	OR855800	OR855824	OR855844	Mongkolsamrit et al. 2024
O. purpureostromata	TNS_F18430	Coleoptera	KJ878931	KJ878897	KJ878977	KJ879011	-	Quandt et al. 2014
O. ravenelii	OSC_110995	Coleoptera: Beetle larva	DQ522550	DQ518764	DQ522334	DQ522379	DQ522430	Sung et al. 2007a
O. ravenelii	OSC_151914	Coleoptera	KJ878932	-	KJ878978	KJ879012	KJ878950	Sung et al. 2007a
O. spicatus	MFLU18-0164	Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea	MK863047	MK863054	MK860192	-	-	Zha et al. 2021
O. variabilis	ARSEF_5365	Diptera: Xylophagidae	DQ522555	DQ518769	DQ522340	DQ522386	DQ522437	Spatafora et al. 2007
O. variabilis	OSC_111003	Diptera: Xylophagidae	EF468985	EF468839	EF468779	EF468885	EF468933	Mongkolsamrit et al. 2019
Parisaria alba	HKAS_102484	Orthoptera	MN943843	MN943839	MN929085	MN929078	MN929082	Wei et al. 2021
Par. amazonica	HUA_186094	Orthoptera	KJ917565	-	KM411986	KP212906	-	Sanjuan et al. 2015
Par. amazonica	HUA_186100	Orthoptera	KJ917564	-	KM411987	KP212907	-	Sanjuan et al. 2015
Par. amazonica	HUA_186101	Orthoptera	-	-	KM411988	KP212908	KM411981	Sanjuan et al. 2015
Par. amazonica	HUA_186113	Orthoptera	KJ917566	KJ917572	-	KP212903	KM411980	Sanjuan et al. 2015
Par. amazonica	HUA_186136	Orthoptera	KJ917560	-	KM411991	KP212905	-	Sanjuan et al. 2015
Par. amazonica	Ophama2026	Orthoptera	KJ917562	KJ917571	KM411989	KP212902	KM411982	Sanjuan et al. 2015
Par. arcta	HKAS 102552	Lepidoptera	MN943844	MN943840	MN929086	MN929079	MN929083	Wei et al. 2021
Par. arcta	HKAS_102553	Lepidoptera	MN943845	MN943841	MN929087	MN929080	-	Wei et al. 2021
Par. blattarioides	HUA_186108	Blattodea, Dyctioptera	KJ917558	KJ917569	-	KP212912	KM411984	Sanjuan et al. 2015
Par. blattarioides	HUA_186093	Blattodea, cockroach	KJ917559	KJ917570	KM411992	KP212910	-	Sanjuan et al. 2015
Par. cascadensis	OSC-M-052010	Orthoptera	OQ800918	OQ708931	OR199814	OR199828	OR199838	Tehan et al. 2023
Par. cascadensis	OSC-M-052012	Orthoptera	OQ800920	OQ708933	OR199816	OR199830	-	Tehan et al. 2023
Par. cascadensis	OSC-M-052017	Orthoptera	OQ800921	OQ708934	OR199817	OR199831	-	Tehan et al. 2023
Par. coenomyiae	NBRC_108993	Diptera: Coenomyia	AB968384	AB968412	AB968570	-	AB968532	Ban et al. 2015
Par. coenomyiae	NBRC_106964	Diptera: Coenomyiidae	AB968385	AB968413	AB968571	-	AB968533	Ban et al. 2015
Par. gracilioides	Ophgrc934	Coleoptera (Elateridae larva)	KJ917556	-	KM411994	KP212914	-	Sanjuan et al. 2015
Par. gracilioides	HUA 186092	Coleoptera	KJ917555	KJ130992	-	KP212915	-	Sanjuan et al. 2015
Par. cf. gracilis	EFCC_3101	Lepidoptera	EF468955	EF468810	EF468750	EF468858	EF468913	Sung et al. 2007a
Par. gracilis	EFCC_8572	Lepidoptera	EF468956	EF468811	EF468751	EF468859	EF468912	Sung et al. 2007a
Par. heteropoda	EFCC 10125	Hemiptera: Cicada	EF468957	EF468812	EF468752	EF468860	EF468914	Quandt et al. 2014
Par. heteropoda	NBRC 100642	Hemiptera	JN941720	JN941421	AB968594	JN992454	AB968555	Ban et al. 2015
Par. heteropoda	NBRC 100643	Hemiptera	JN941719	JN941422	AB968595	JN992453	AB968556	Ban et al. 2015
Par. heteropoda	NBRC_100644	Hemiptera	JN941718	JN941423	AB968596	JN992452	AB968557	Ban et al. 2015
Par. heteropoda	NBRC 33060	Hemiptera	AB113352	-	MK214083	MK214087	-	Mongkolsamrit et al. 2019
Par. heteropoda	OSC_106404	Hemiptera	AY489690	AY489722	AY489617	AY489651	-	Sung et al. 2007a
Par. insignis	OSC.164134	Coleoptera	OQ800911	OQ708924	OR199807	OR199822	-	Tehan et al. 2023
Par. insignis	OSC.164135	Coleoptera	OQ800912	OQ708925	OR199808	OR199823	-	Tehan et al. 2023
Par. insignis	OSC.164137	Coleoptera	OQ800913	OQ708926	OR199809	OR199824	-	Tehan et al. 2023
Par. insignis	OSC-M-052004	Coleoptera	OQ800914	OQ708927	OR199810	-	-	Tehan et al. 2023
Par. insignis	OSC-M-052008	Coleoptera	OQ800917	OQ708930	OR199813	OR199827	-	Tehan et al. 2023
Par. insignis	OSC-M-052013	Coleoptera	OQ800924	OQ708938	OR199820	OR199834	-	Tehan et al. 2023
Par. orthopterorum	BBC88305	Orthoptera	-	MK332583	MK214080	MK214084	-	Mongkolsamrit et al. 2019
Par. orthopterorum	TBRC 9710	Orthoptera	-	MK332582	MK214081	MK214085	-	Mongkolsamrit et al. 2019
Par. phuwiangensis	BBH 43492	Coleoptera	-	MH201169	MH211355	MH211352	-	Mongkolsamrit et al. 2019
Par. phuwiangensis	TBRC9709	Coleoptera: Elateridae	-	MK192057	MK214082	MK214086	-	Mongkolsamrit et al. 2019
Par. pseudoheteropoda	OSC-M-052005	Hemiptera	OQ800915	OQ708928	OR199811	OR199825	OR199836	Tehan et al. 2023
Par. pseudoheteropoda	OSC-M-052007	Hemiptera	OQ800916	OQ708929	OR199812	OR199826	OR199837	Tehan et al. 2023
Par. pseudoheteropoda	OSC-M-052009	Hemiptera	OQ800922	OQ708935	OR199818	OR199832	OR199840	Tehan et al. 2023
Par. pseudoheteropoda	OSC-M-052020	Hemiptera	OQ800923	OQ708937	OR199819	OR199833	-	Tehan et al. 2023
Par. pseudoheteropoda	OSC-M-052022	Hemiptera	OQ800925	OQ708939	OR199821	OR199835	OR199841	Tehan et al. 2023
Par. rosea	HKAS_102546	Coleoptera	MN943846	MN943842	MN929088	MN929081	MN929084	Wei et al. 2021
Par. tettigonia	GZUHCS14062709	Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae	KT345955	-	KT375440	KT375441	-	Wen et al. 2016
Par. yodhathaii	BBH43163	Coleoptera: Elateridae	-	MK332584	MH211353	MH211349	-	Mongkolsamrit et al. 2019
Par. yodhathaii	TBRC 8502	Coleoptera	-	MH201168	MH211354	MH211350	-	Mongkolsamrit et al. 2019
Tilachlidiopsis nigra	TNS_16252	Coleoptera	KJ878941	KJ878906	KJ878986	-	-	Quandt et al. 2014
Tilachlidiopsis nigra	TNS_16250	Coleoptera	KJ878942	-	KJ878987	KJ879021	-	Quandt et al. 2014

物种 Species	寄主 Host	分布 Distribution	子座 Stromata	可孕部 Fertile part	子囊壳 Perithecium/μm	子囊 Asci	子囊孢子 Ascospore	文献引证 Reference
O. paraisarioidea	Larva of Lepidoptera	Yunnan, China	5.0-9.0 cm	Globose to ellipsoidal, at the tip of stromata, 5-8 mm × 2-4 mm	Immersed, ellipsoid to cylindrical, 550-710 × 150-230 μm	150-375 × 3.0-4.75 μm	Filiform, non-disarticulating, 150-178 × 1.8-3.3 μm	本研究 This study
O. entomorrhiza	Tenebrionidae, Lampyridae (Coleoptera)	Asia, Europe	3.5-6.2 cm	Globose, at the tip of stromata, 2-3 mm × 2 mm	Immersed, 600-950 × 230-400 µm	300-600 × 4-6 µm	Filiform, non-disarticulating septa, 6-8 (10) × 1.5-2 µm	Kiyoshi 2000
Paraisaria dubia (=O. gracilis)	Larva of Hepialidae (Lepidoptera)	Africa, America, Asia, Europe	4.0-9.0 cm	Globose to ellipsoidal, red ochreous to pale orange, 4-9 mm × 4-7 mm	Immersed, elongate to oviform, (320-)560-840 × 200-360 μm	(200-)400-530 × 5-8 μm	Filiform, disarticulating, second ascospore, 5-9 × 1.5-2 µm	梁宗琦等 1995 Liang et al. 1995
Par. gracilioides	Larva of Elateridae (Coleoptera)	Bolivia, China, Colombia, Japan and Mexico	2.0-9.0 cm	Spherical, pale rufous, 4-5.5 mm	Immersed, ellipsoidal to naviform, 680-900 × 200-280 μm	450-700 × 5-6.5 μm	Filiform, disarticulating, second ascospore, 7-12 × 1-2 µm	樊美珍等 2001 Fan et al. 2001
Par. arcta	Larva of Lepidoptera	Guizhou, China	1.6 cm	Subglobose with constriction at center, white, 2 mm× 3 mm	Immersed, ampulliform to ellipsoidal, 230-530 × 70-180 μm	100-180 × 2-4 μm	Filiform, disarticulating, second ascospore, 2.6-4.2 ×0.5-1.3 µm	Wei et al. 2021

物种 Species	寄主 Host	分布 Distribution	子座 Stromata	可孕部 Fertile part	子囊壳 Perithecium/μm	子囊 Asci	子囊孢子 Ascospore	文献引证 Reference
O. paraisarioidea	Larva of Lepidoptera	Yunnan, China	5.0-9.0 cm	Globose to ellipsoidal, at the tip of stromata, 5-8 mm × 2-4 mm	Immersed, ellipsoid to cylindrical, 550-710 × 150-230 μm	150-375 × 3.0-4.75 μm	Filiform, non-disarticulating, 150-178 × 1.8-3.3 μm	本研究 This study
O. entomorrhiza	Tenebrionidae, Lampyridae (Coleoptera)	Asia, Europe	3.5-6.2 cm	Globose, at the tip of stromata, 2-3 mm × 2 mm	Immersed, 600-950 × 230-400 µm	300-600 × 4-6 µm	Filiform, non-disarticulating septa, 6-8 (10) × 1.5-2 µm	Kiyoshi 2000
Paraisaria dubia (=O. gracilis)	Larva of Hepialidae (Lepidoptera)	Africa, America, Asia, Europe	4.0-9.0 cm	Globose to ellipsoidal, red ochreous to pale orange, 4-9 mm × 4-7 mm	Immersed, elongate to oviform, (320-)560-840 × 200-360 μm	(200-)400-530 × 5-8 μm	Filiform, disarticulating, second ascospore, 5-9 × 1.5-2 µm	梁宗琦等 1995 Liang et al. 1995
Par. gracilioides	Larva of Elateridae (Coleoptera)	Bolivia, China, Colombia, Japan and Mexico	2.0-9.0 cm	Spherical, pale rufous, 4-5.5 mm	Immersed, ellipsoidal to naviform, 680-900 × 200-280 μm	450-700 × 5-6.5 μm	Filiform, disarticulating, second ascospore, 7-12 × 1-2 µm	樊美珍等 2001 Fan et al. 2001
Par. arcta	Larva of Lepidoptera	Guizhou, China	1.6 cm	Subglobose with constriction at center, white, 2 mm× 3 mm	Immersed, ampulliform to ellipsoidal, 230-530 × 70-180 μm	100-180 × 2-4 μm	Filiform, disarticulating, second ascospore, 2.6-4.2 ×0.5-1.3 µm	Wei et al. 2021

寄生鳞翅目幼虫的线虫草属一新种: 羽束梗孢状线虫草

PDF下载

常衬心 ¹ , 张忠霞 ² , 邓丽萍 ² , 梁建东 ¹ , 俞琦 ¹^,^* , 代永东 ¹^,²^,^*

菌物学报 | 研究论文 2026,45(1): 250213

收起

菌物学报 | 研究论文 2026, 45(1): 250213

寄生鳞翅目幼虫的线虫草属一新种: 羽束梗孢状线虫草

全屏

常衬心¹, 张忠霞², 邓丽萍², 梁建东¹, 俞琦¹^,^*, 代永东¹^,²^,^*

作者信息

1 贵州中医药大学基础医学院/菌物药研究中心，贵州贵阳 550025

2 贵州中医药大学药学院，贵州贵阳 550025

Ophiocordyceps paraisarioidea sp. nov. (Hypocreales, Ophiocordycipitaceae), a novel species of Ophiocordyceps parasitizing lepidopteran larvae

Chenxin CHANG¹, Zhongxia ZHANG², Liping DENG², Jiandong LIANG¹, Qi YU¹^,^*, Yongdong DAI¹^,²^,^*

Affiliations

1 Fungus Medicine Research Center/ School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China

2 School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China

出版时间: 2026-01-22 doi: 10.13346/j.mycosystema.250213

文章导航

摘要

收起

线虫草属Ophiocordyceps是虫草类真菌中一个物种丰富、分布广泛、寄主多样的重要大属，目前已报道物种超过400种。中国西南的云南横断山区是生物多样性热点地区，也是该属多样性的重要集中分布区。本研究在云南兰坪县采集到一线虫草标本，结合形态特征、ITS序列及联合5基因(nrSSU、nrLSU、tef-1α、rpb1和rpb2)系统发育分析，确定该物种为线虫草属一新种，命名为羽束梗孢状线虫草Ophiocordyceps paraisarioidea sp. nov.。该种子座结构容易被误认为是Paraisaria属物种，但表现出更深的子座色泽、顶端具小突起的球形可孕部，以及不断裂的多隔梭形子囊孢子。5基因系统发育结果显示，该种与虫根线虫草Ophiocordyceps entomorrhiza 聚为一支，位于线虫草属的进化枝基部(basal clade)，但二者在形态和寄主选择上存在显著差异：O. paraisarioidea 子座深棕色，顶端灰白，寄主为鳞翅目蛾类幼虫；而 O. entomorrhiza 子座偏黑，寄主为鞘翅目步甲属幼虫及成虫。形态比较和5基因系统发育结果表明本文报道的O. paraisarioidea 是线虫草属进化枝基部类群的一新物种，丰富了该分支物种多样性。此外，O. paraisarioidea 以鳞翅目昆虫为寄主的特征，拓宽了线虫草属基部类群物种寄主范畴，提示“线虫草属以鞘翅目为祖先寄主”这一观点或需进一步探讨，暗示该属在早期演化过程中可能经历了寄主转换。O. paraisarioidea 的发现对深入理解线虫草属的起源与早期辐射具有重要意义。

关键词

横断山区 / 多基因系统发育 / 线虫草属基部分支 / 球形可孕部 / 寄主转换 / 新种

Abstract

收起

Ophiocordyceps is a diverse, widely distributed, and host-rich genus of entomogenous fungi, with over 400 species reported to date. The Hengduan Mountains in Yunnan of southwestern China, recognized as a global biodiversity hotspot, represent a major center of diversity for this genus. In this study, we describe a new species of Ophiocordyceps from Hengduan Mountains in Yunnan, designated Ophiocordyceps paraisarioidea sp. nov., based on morphological observations and phylogenetic analyses using both single ITS sequences and a combined dataset of five loci (nrSSU, nrLSU, tef-1α, rpb1 and rpb2). Morphologically, this species is prone to misclassification as Paraisaria in virtue of stromatal structure, but it differs by having darker stromata, a spherical fertile part with apical protuberances, and multiseptate non-disarticulating ascospores. Five-gene phylogenetic analyses place O. paraisarioidea in the basal clade of Ophiocordyceps, clustering with Ophiocordyceps entomorrhiza. Nevertheless, the two species exhibit notable differences in morphology and host preference: O. paraisarioidea has dark brown stroma with grayish-white tips and parasitizes lepidopteran larvae, whereas O. entomorrhiza forms nearly black stromata and infects both larvae and adults of coleopteran insects (Carabus sp.). Notably, the lepidopteran host of O. paraisarioidea challenges the prevailing hypothesis that Coleopterans represent the ancestral hosts of Ophiocordyceps, implying the occurrence of multiple host shifts during the early evolutionary history. The discovery of O. paraisarioidea may provide valuable insight into the origin and early diversification of this genus.

Key words

Hengduan Mountains / multigene phylogeny / the basal clade of Ophiocordyceps / spherical fertile part / host shift / new species

引用本文

常衬心, 张忠霞, 邓丽萍, 梁建东, 俞琦, 代永东. 寄生鳞翅目幼虫的线虫草属一新种: 羽束梗孢状线虫草. 菌物学报, 2026 , 45 (1) : 250213 - . DOI: 10.13346/j.mycosystema.250213

Chenxin CHANG, Zhongxia ZHANG, Liping DENG, Jiandong LIANG, Qi YU, Yongdong DAI. Ophiocordyceps paraisarioidea sp. nov. (Hypocreales, Ophiocordycipitaceae), a novel species of Ophiocordyceps parasitizing lepidopteran larvae[J]. Mycosystema, 2026 , 45 (1) : 250213 - . DOI: 10.13346/j.mycosystema.250213

正文

收起

线虫草属Ophiocordyceps Petch是虫草类真菌(cordycepitoid fungi)中关注度非常高的大属。目前已报道400余种(含Hirsutella Pat.、Hymenostilbe Petch和Paraisaria Samson & B.L. Brady) (http://www.indexfungorum.org)。线虫草属最初是Petch (1931)根据Ophiocordyceps blattae (Petch) Petch、O. unilateralis (Tul. & C. Tul.) Petch、O. peltata (Wakef.) Petch和O. rhizoidea (Höhn.) Petch这4个物种而创建，定义其主要特征为不断裂的子囊孢子，以及顶端加厚的棒状子囊等。但Kobayasi (1941, 1982)、Mains (1958)、臧穆等(1982)均将Ophiocordyceps作为亚属处理(Cordyceps subg. Ophiocordyceps)。Sung et al. (2007a)基于nrSSU、nrLSU、tef-1α等7基因分子系统学研究，在线虫草科Ophiocordycipitaceae G.H. Sung, J.M. Sung, Hywel-Jones & Spatafora内重新确认线虫草属作为一个独立属的分类群特征，并强调该属区别于其他类群的显著特征是子座颜色较深或鲜艳，其质地柔韧或坚硬，细丝状或纤维状，并将其定为线虫草科的模式属。

线虫草物种分布广泛，在亚洲、欧洲、大洋洲、北美洲和南美洲等地均有大量报道，是一个世界性的广布属。它们的寄主范围丰富，包括鳞翅目、膜翅目、鞘翅目、半翅目、双翅目、蜚蠊目、脉翅目和蜻蜓目等，从幼虫、蛹、若虫到成虫的不同生命周期阶段，呈现出极其丰富的物种多样性和寄主多样性(Kobayasi 1982；Sung et al. 2007a；Evans et al. 2011a；Sanjuan et al. 2015；Shrestha et al. 2016；Luangsa-Ard et al. 2018; Araújo & Hughes 2019；Zha et al. 2020；Tang et al. 2023；Dai et al. 2024；Fan et al. 2024；Xu et al. 2025)。

线虫草属物种具有丰富的应用价值。该属中冬虫夏草Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Berk.) G.H. Sung et al.是中国著名的传统中药材，在营养、保健和疾病治疗中有重要应用价值(梁宗琦 2007；董彩虹等 2016)。此外，雪峰线虫草Ophiocordyceps xuefengensis T.C. Wen et al.、凉山线虫草O. liangshanensis (M. Zang, D.Q. Liu & R.Y. Hu) Hong Yu et al.、兰坪线虫草O. lanpingensis Hong Yu & Zi H. Chen、细虫草O. gracilis (Grev.) G.H. Sung et al.等，均具有良好的抗菌、抗肿瘤和抗病毒药理活性(喻东等 2010；叶星等 2015；郑兵等 2015；Wu et al. 2019；周树波 2021)。该属单侧生虫草复合群Ophiocordyceps unilateralis sensu lato感染蚂蚁后可操纵寄主，使蚂蚁失去自主行为如同“僵尸”一般，亦称为“僵尸蚂蚁真菌”(Evans et al. 2011b)。该类群是一类极具“操纵模型”代表的真菌资源，他们对蚂蚁特异性的操纵能力使其成为研究寄主特异性的良好模型(Will et al. 2020)。另外，线虫草属中Hirsutella minnesotensis Sen Y. Chen, Xing Z. Liu & F.J. Chen、H. rhossiliensis Minter & Brady和H. vermicola M.C. Xiang & Xing Z. Liu是大豆线虫主要生防真菌(刘淑芬 2004)，是农业害虫白蚁潜在的生防菌(Rath 2000)。

中国云南省拥有多样的生态环境和丰富的植被类型，是名副其实的“生物多样性王国”。该地区报道大量线虫草物种(代永东 2018；陈思琪 2021；邹维秋 2022；杨涛 2023；Dai et al. 2024；周云 2024)，有“虫草王国”的美誉(虞泓 2016)。而云南西北部横断山区，是潜在的虫草多样性中心，近年来还报道了若干与冬虫夏草有亲缘关系的线虫草新物种(Chen et al. 2011；Chen et al. 2013；Wang et al. 2021；Dai et al. 2024；Sun et al. 2022, 2024)，是研究冬虫夏草系统发育支系系统演化的重要区域。2023年 7月，我们在云南兰坪县中药材集市上发现一未知线虫草物种，寄主清晰可见为鳞翅目蛾类幼虫，其子座深色，可孕部呈球状位于子座顶端，子囊壳埋生等，有类似羽束梗孢Paraisaria相关特征，但与已知种均有差异。因此，对其开展详细的形态鉴定和系统发育分析，以期明确该物种分类及系统归属，以便更好地对线虫草属资源进行保护和利用。

1 材料与方法

收起

1.1 标本来源

标本发现于云南省怒江傈僳族自治州兰坪县金顶镇集市(99°32′E, 26°41′N)，时间：2023年7月。标本生长地理位置为兰坪县，属于云南横断山地区。

1.2 虫草标本形态及显微形态观察

观察标本子座、可孕部及菌核的形态及质地、寄主特征并拍照。使用体视显微镜(SZ61, Olympus)和倒置显微镜(Olympus CX40)对可孕部分切片，对标本的有性阶段进行观察。记录并描述子囊壳形状、大小和着生方式、子囊和子囊孢子等显微形态特征(代永东 2018)。

1.3 标本DNA提取、序列PCR扩增及测序

对标本开展DNA提取和基因片段PCR扩增及测序。分别使用真菌基因组DNA提取试剂盒(离心柱型，TransGen Biotech)提取标本菌核和子座部分的DNA。DNA提取完成后，利用PCR扩增其ITS (internal transcribed spacer)、nrSSU (small subunit ribosomal RNA)、nrLSU (large subunit ribosomal RNA)、tef-1α (transcription elongationfactor-1 alpha)、rpb1 (largest subunits of RNA polymeraseⅡ)和rpb2 (second largest subunits of RNA polymeraseⅡ)序列，所用引物见表1。所有PCR反应的总体积为25 µL，其中含有12.5 µL 2× Taq PCR Master Mix (TransGen Biotech)，每种引物1.25 µL (10 µmol/L)，基因组DNA 1 µL，RNase-Free water 9 µL。扩增程序参考试剂盒说明。使用1.5%琼脂糖胶检测PCR产物，使用EasyPureTM Quick Gel Extraction Kit (TransGen Biotech)进行纯化，在生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司利用ABI 3700自动测序仪进行测序。

1.4 多基因分子系统发育分析

测序结果首先使用MEGA 5 (Tamura et al. 2011)检查测序序列的AB1峰图，查看测序文件是否为单峰，若存在双峰、套峰等情况，重新优化程序进行PCR扩增及测序。基于广泛的文献收集及整理，本研究汇总了线虫草属已发表的多基因测序数据，建立了涵盖该属已报道物种的5基因序列数据库(附表1，国家微生物科学教据中心编号NMDCX0002185)，并进一步突出与本研究物种相关的近缘类群分类与序列信息(表2)。在不同基因序列的比对中，nrSSU和nrLSU比对参数默认，tef-1α、rpb1和rpb2去掉内含子区，且比对后利用codon模式查看序列是否能正常翻译成蛋白质，并避免出现终止子等情况，必要时进行人工纠错。构建该数据库后，我们直接将本研究标本扩增的5基因序列加入已构建的线虫草属序列库中，形成5基因(nrSSU、nrLSU、tef-1α、rpb1和rpb2)数据集合。设置线虫草属近缘属Drechmeria 物种为外类群。比对拼接完成的5基因序列总长度为4 536 bp，其中nrSSU 1 104 bp、nrLSU 1 011 bp、tef-1α 933 bp、rpb1 552 bp，以及rpb2 936 bp。将5基因序列分为11个区，分别是Partition 1：nrSSU；Partition 2：nrLSU；Partition 3-5：tef-1α密码子1-3位；Partition 6-8：rpb1密码子1-3位；Partition 9-11：rpb2密码子1-3位。考虑各基因各位点选择压力，以及不同基因最佳模型差异，使用PartitionFinder 2 (Lanfear et al. 2017)进行分区优化，并获得优化分区及适用模型。运算结果为：Partition 1—nrSSU；Partition 2—nrLSU；Partition 3—tef-1α codon1；Partition 4—tef-1α codon2；Partition 5—tef-1α codon3；Partition 6—rpb1 codon1、rpb2 codon1；Partition 7—rpb1 codon2；Partition 8—rpb1 codon3、rpb2 codon3；Partition 9—rpb2 codon2。

使用最大似然法(maximum likelihood, ML)和贝叶斯推论运算(Bayesian inference, BI)进行系统发育运算。ML运算使用RAxML-HPC BlackBox (8.2.12) (Stamatakis 2006)软件，设置Use a mixed/partitioned model为9，bootstrap= 1 000开展运算，各区替代模型从PartitionFinder 2中自动输出。BI运算使用软件Mrbayes 3.2 (Ronquist et al. 2012)，各分区模型和相关先验参数由PartitionFinder 2运算获得、自动调取并生成nex文件。设置mcmc ngen=3×10⁸，以确保系统发育结构的可靠性。

以上两种运算均在系统发育分析平台CIPRES Science Gateway (https://www.phylo.org/portal2/)完成。Raxml运行结束后获得的一致树(bipartitions tree)和mrbayes运算完成获得的tre文件使用Figtree 1.6 (http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/)查看并编辑。在分析平台(https://www.chiplot.online)进一步优化系统树。将ML的bootstrap支持率(bootstrap support, BS)和BI的后验概率(posterior probability, PP)同时标注在系统发育树分支上。由于ITS在线虫草属不同物种中差异较大，考虑到替代饱和及长枝吸引问题，不适宜将ITS与5基因数据集进行联合分析，但ITS对于物种亲缘关系判别特别是近缘物种有较高的分辨率(Dai et al. 2024)，因此我们单独利用IT序列开展系统发育分析。基于BLAST在线比对，下载相关物种的序列，尤其是在5基因数据集中与本研究物种有较近亲缘关系的物种。使用软件Mrbayes 3.2 (Ronquist et al. 2012)进行运算。我们在运行程序中加入mcmc stoprule=yes stopval=0.005 (通常设置为0.01)，以确保系统发育结果更加稳定可靠。

2 结果与分析

收起

2.1 5基因(nrSSU、nrLSU、tef-1α、rpb1和rpb2)系统发育分析

我们构建了线虫草属439个标本的包含210个已知物种的5基因系统发育树。结果显示本研究构建的线虫草属系统发育框架与之前的研究结果基本保持一致(Sanjuan et al. 2015；Dai et al. 2024；Xu et al. 2025)，但系统发育整体结构框架更加明显，主要形成5个支系：Ophiocordyceps ravenelii clade、O. sinensis clade、O. unilateralis clade、O. sphecocephala clade和O. soblifera clade (图1A)。

本研究报道的羽束梗孢状线虫草Ophiocor- dyceps paraisarioidea系统位置位于线虫草属基部，基于其特殊的系统发育位置，我们定义该分支为基部分支(basal clade)，包含O. paraisarioidea、虫根线虫草O. entomorrhiza (Dicks.) G.H. Sung et al.和黑拟多头束霉Tilachlidiopsis nigra Yakush. & Kumaz.。在该分支内，羽束梗孢状线虫草与另2个物种系统位置差异显著，支持其作为独立的物种(BS=100, PP=1.0)。

基于BLAST相似性搜索，利用ITS序列构建了O. paraisarioidea及其近缘物种的系统树(图2)，结果显示O. paraisarioidea与其近缘种的关系与5基因系统树有一定差异，这可能与二者进化速率不一致有关。O. paraisarioidea与O. entomorrhiza仍处于线虫草属末端，但O. paraisarioidea与O. entomorrhiza并不在同一个分支。O. paraisarioidea与O. ravenelii clade有较近的亲缘关系，而O. entomorrhiza则与弯颈霉属Tolypocladium更近。这种分子层面的接近关系也提示O. paraisarioidea与O. entomorrhiza可能代表线虫草属中一个较为原始的类群，且可能是线虫草属和弯颈霉属之间的过渡物种。

此外，我们将线虫草物种寄主种类映射至线虫草属系统发育关系中，结果显示，线虫草属不同系统发育分支与寄主类群(节肢动物)形成较为一致的对应关系(图1B)，提示线虫草属物种与寄主之间可能存在显著的协同进化模式。

O. paraisarioidea所在基部分支(basal clade)及近缘分支O. ravenelii clade寄主为鞘翅目昆虫(仅O. variabilis例外，寄主为Diptera)，本研究描述的O. paraisarioidea寄主为鳞翅目蛾类幼虫，为线虫草属，尤其是基部类群物种的寄主多样性提供了实例。

2.2 物种分类

羽束梗孢状线虫草 图3 新种

Ophiocordyceps paraisarioidea Y.D. Dai & Ch. X. Chang sp. nov. Fig. 3

MycoBank: MB 859746

Etymology: Paraisaria+oidea, refers to several characters of this species similar to the Paraisaria species.

Holotype: GZY_OPNJ2023-1, China. Yunnan Province: Lanping county, Jinding town (99°32ʹE, 26°41ʹN), on the larva of species of Lepidoptera. July 2023, collected by Yongdong Dai and Dehua Hou (Fig. 3A, 3B). Preserved in the Miao Medicine Museum of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

Host: the larvae of Lepidoptera, 2.6-4.0 cm × 0.3-0.4 cm.

Stromata: arising from the head of host, 5.0- 10.0 cm long, clavate, solid, lignified, usually single, a few with branches (2 to 5) from the middle part, dark brown, with the apex being off-white.

Fertile part: The apex of stromata enlarges into a globose fertile part when mature. 0.5-1.0 cm × 0.2-0.5 cm.

Perithecia: densely arranged on ascocarp, nearly vertically embedded, ellipsoid to cylindrical. 550-710 × 150-230 μm.

Asci: cylindrical, tail slender, some with a narrower neck, thickened in the middle, multi-spored, 150-375 × 3.0-4.75 μm.

Ascus cap: hemispherical, 3.0-4.8 × 1.5-3.4 μm.

Ascospores: filiform, non-disarticulating. 150-278 × 1.8-3.3 μm. Septa fusiform, 6.2-13.8 × 1.8-2.5 μm.

Distribution and Habitat: the forest of Lanping in Henduan Mountains, Yunnan, southwest of China.

Additional specimens examined: GZY_OPNJ2023-2,-3...-8 (7 samples) (Fig. 3A). Yunnan Province: Lanping county, on larva of species of Lepidoptera, burried in soil, July 2023, collected by Yongdong Dai and Dehua Hou. GZY_OPNJ2025-1...-10 (10 samples), collected by Chenxin Chang and Yongdong Dai in Lanping, August 2025.

寄生于鳞翅目昆虫幼虫，寄主体长2.6- 4.0 cm × 0.3-0.4 cm。子座从寄主头部生出，长5.0-10.0 cm，呈棍棒状，实心，木质化，通常单生，少数自中部分枝2-5个，整体深褐色，顶端灰白。成熟时子座顶端膨大形成球形可孕部，大小为0.5-1.0 cm × 0.2-0.5 cm。子囊壳密集排列于子实体表面，近乎垂直埋生，椭圆至圆柱形，550-710 × 150-230 μm。子囊圆柱形，尾部细长，部分具细颈，中部稍增厚，内含多个子囊孢子，150-375 × 3.0-4.75 μm，顶端具半球形子囊帽，3.0-4.8 × 1.5-3.4 μm。子囊孢子丝状，分隔不断裂，隔细胞呈梭形，6.2-13.8 × 1.8-2.5 μm。

羽束梗孢状线虫草与虫根线虫草在系统发育位置中接近，二者均产生类似于Parisaria-like的球形可孕部顶端，且子囊壳均为埋生，在子座形态上与Paraisaria属物种相似。但Paraisaria的子座颜色较浅，而羽束梗孢状线虫草与虫根线虫草子座偏深褐色，且在球形可孕部上的子囊壳顶端形成小突起，而Paraisaria相对平整无明显突起。另一个显著区别在于Paraisaria属物种子囊孢子断裂成10 μm左右的小节，而羽束梗孢状线虫草与虫根线虫草，子囊孢子分隔不断裂(表3)。

羽束梗孢状线虫草与虫根线虫草相比，最显著的差异是前者寄主为鳞翅目一种蛾类幼虫，而后者寄主为鞘翅目幼虫及成虫。此外，O. entomorrhiza子座偏黑，且容易产生Tilachlidiopsis- like孢梗束(Kobayasi 1937；Bałazy 1982)，而O. paraisarioidea子座偏褐色，未观察到Tilachlidiopsis-like孢梗束(表3)。

3 讨论

收起

本文报道了一个线虫草属新物种，命名为羽束梗孢状线虫草，其与虫根线虫草在子座形态上均与Paraisaria属物种相似，均在子座顶端产生球形可孕部，且子囊壳均为埋生(表3)，容易误将羽束梗孢类群错误当成虫根线虫草(Kobayasi 1937；Pérez-Villamares et al. 2017)。从形态特征来看，Paraisaria属物种子座颜色较浅，而羽束梗孢状线虫草与虫根线虫草通常子座偏深褐色，在球形可孕部上的子囊壳顶端通常形成小突起，而Paraisaria相对平整。本物种与虫根线虫草相比，寄主类型、子座颜色和质地等均有显著区别。从5基因系统发育树看，O. paraisarioidea、O. entomorrhiza与Tilachlidiopsis nigra位于线虫草属基部，形成一个独立的分支(basal clade)。另外，ITS序列的系统发育结果也显示O. paraisarioidea和O. entomorrhiza与O.ravenelii clade有紧密的亲缘关系。我们的研究较好地补充了线虫草属基部分支类群的物种多样性。该类群可能代表了线虫草属早期演化过程中一类形态与寄主特征多样、系统位置关键类型，对深入理解线虫草属的起源与早期辐射具有重要意义。从地理分布看，O. entomorrhiza分布于日本和欧洲，而本文报道的O. paraisarioidea目前仅见分布于中国西南生物多样性热点地区——横断山区，可能横断山区复杂的地形地貌和多样的生态环境为线虫草属基部类群的分化和O. paraisarioidea的物种形成提供了生态位基础，显示该区域在物种形成与适应中的重要作用。

分子系统发育已成为当下物种识别鉴定及系统发育重要的研究手段(James et al. 2006；Spatafora et al. 2006；Sung et al. 2007a；Yang & Rannala 2012)，因此序列的有效性和完整性尤为关键。近年来，多基因系统发育逐渐取代单基因分析，成为线虫草属分类与系统发育研究的主流方法(Chen et al. 2013；Sanjuan et al. 2015；代永东 2018；Araújo & Hughes 2019；邹维秋 2022；Tang et al. 2023；杨涛 2023；Dai et al. 2024；周云 2024；Xu et al. 2025)。与单基因相比，多基因系统发育具备一定的容错能力，即允许部分基因缺失而不显著影响结果。本研究对多系统发育分析所用5个基因的序列情况进行统计发现，不同基因存在不同程度的缺失(有效数据量：nrSSU 337、nrLSU 388、tef-1α 426、rpb1 401、rpb2 257)，其中rpb2缺失最为严重，达到46% (202/439)。本研究在开展O. paraisarioidea的分子测序过程中，成功扩增了ITS、nrSSU、nrLSU、tef-1α和rpb1基因，但rpb2基因可能由于引物特异性不足或与目标物种序列匹配度较低等原因，经过多标本多次扩增，仍未获得目标序列。在系统树构建过程中，我们将O. paraisarioidea的rpb2基因标注为“missing data”，所得结果在主要分支上的支持度依然较高，且ML和BI两种分析方法所得拓扑结构一致，能够有效解析 O. paraisarioidea 的系统发育位置，并为其分类地位提供可靠的分子证据。但是需要注意的是，数据缺失不可避免地会对系统发育分析结果产生影响，应尽量减少此类情况的发生。后续应该设计更具有针对性的特异性引物，以补充相关数据。

本研究在构建线虫草属系统发育关系时，将寄主类型映射至线虫草属系统发育树上(图1A)，发现O. paraisarioidea所属的线虫草属基部分支(Basel clade)及其近缘的O. ravenelii clade的已知寄主均为鞘翅目昆虫[虽O. variabilis寄主为双翅目食木虻幼虫，但与鞘翅目幼虫习性相似(Hodge et al. 1998)]，而本研究报道的O. paraisarioidea却以鳞翅目为寄主。这一“特例”打破了该分支对寄主类型的传统一致性，为Araújo & Hughes (2019)提出的“线虫草属以鞘翅目为祖先寄主”的假说提供了新的视角，提示这一观点或需进一步探讨。这一发现暗示线虫草属在早期演化过程中可能存在更为复杂或多次发生的寄主转换事件，或在特定生态环境下形成了对非典型寄主的适应能力。尤其是在中国横断山区这一生态多样性极高的区域，宿主可获得性和环境选择压力可能促成了物种对鳞翅目等其他昆虫类群的利用，进而推动其生态位扩展和系统发育分化。

Paraisaria是Samson & Brady (1983)根据Ophiocordyceps gracilis的无性阶段特征即白色松散的束状孢梗束，轮生分枝的分生孢子梗，梗上具瓶状、以顶端增生方式繁殖的瓶梗，形成易聚集成孢子头状的单个透明的分生孢子而建立。Sung et al. (2007a)基于多基因系统发育研究将该属并入Ophiocordyceps 属中。随后，Mongkolsamrit et al. (2019)认为Paraisaria在形态学上具有明显区别，且系统发育上形成一个相对独立且支持率较高的单系类群，因而将其从Ophiocordyceps中恢复为独立属。然而，尽管Paraisaria 的形态特征具有较强的识别性，其属级地位在系统发育上仍缺乏充分支持，从本研究的结果来看，该类群位于O. ravenelii clade分支内，且嵌套于Ophiocordyceps属的系统发育框架之中(非单独分支)。因此目前尚不足以支持其作为一个独立属。当前Ophiocordyceps 属内界限与谱系关系仍存在争议，亟须依托更全面深入的数据、形态特征及生态信息进行综合解析，以推动该属系统分类的进一步厘清和优化。

作者贡献

收起

常衬心：标本采集、实验设计与实施、数据分析、论文撰写；张忠霞：实验、数据分析；邓丽萍：数据分析、论文撰写、图片制作；梁建东：实验设计、数据分析、论文修改；俞琦：数据分析，论文审核与修改；代永东：论文构思、实验设计、数据分析、论文审核与修改。

利益冲突声明

收起

该研究不存在任何潜在利益冲突的商业或财务关系。

基金

收起

国家自然科学基金(32160005)
贵州省微生物组与传染性疾病防控重点实验室(ZDSYS[2023]004)

参考文献

收起

文献

收起

参考文献引证文献

排序方式：

[1]

Araújo

JPM

, Hughes

, 2019. Zombie-ant fungi emerged from non-manipulating, beetle-infecting ancestors. Current Biology, 29(21): 3735-3738

[2]

Bałazy

, 1982. Supplementary notes to the biology of Cordyceps entomorrhiza (Dicks. ex Fr.) Link and the morphology of its conidial stages. Acta Mycologica, 18(2): 231-238

[3]

Ban

, Sakane

, Nakagiri

, 2015. Three new species of Ophiocordyceps and overview of anamorph types in the genus and the family Ophiocordyceptaceae. Mycological Progress, 14(1): 1017-1028

[4]

Bischoff

, Refiner

, Humher

, 2006. Metarhizium frigidum sp. nov.: a cryptic species of M. anisopliae and a member of the M. flavoviride complex. Mycologia, 98(5): 73-745

[5]

Chen

, Cao

, Yang

, Li

, 2011. A new species of Ophiocordyceps (Clavicipitaceae, Ascomycota) from southwestern China. Mycotaxon, 115: 1-4

[6]

Chen

, 2021. Phylogeny and comparative genomics of Ophiocordyceps crinalis and its relatives. PhD Dissertation, Yunnan University, Kunming. 1-176 (in Chinese)

[7]

Chen

, Dai

, Yu

, Yang

, Yuan

, Zeng

, 2013. Systematic analyses of Ophiocordyceps lanpingensis sp. nov. a new species of Ophiocordyceps in China. Microbiological Research, 168: 525-532

[8]

Crous

, Osieck

, Shivas

, et al. (more than 20 authors), 2023. Fungal Planet description sheets: 1478-1549. Persoonia, 50: 158-310

[9]

Dai

, 2018. Taxonomy and biogeography of Ophiocordyceps sinensis and its allies in southeastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. PhD Dissertation, Yunnan University, Kunming. 1-159 (in Chinese)

[10]

Dai

, Chen

, Wang

, Yang

, Yu

, 2024. Molecular phylogenetics of the Ophiocordyceps sinensis- species complex lineage (Ascomycota, Hypocreales), with the discovery of new species and predictions of species distribution. IMA Fungus, 15: 2

[11]

Dong

, Liu

, Li

, Yan

, Li

, 2016. Cordyceps industry in China: current status, challenges and perspectives — Jinhu declaration for Cordyceps industry development. Mycosystema, 35(1): 1-15 (in Chinese)

[12]

Evans

, Elliot

, Hughes

, 2011a. Ophiocordyceps unilateralis: a keystone species for unraveling ecosystem functioning and biodiversity of fungi in tropical forests? Communicative & Integrative Biology, 4: 598-602

[13]

Evans

, Elliot

, Hughes

, 2011b. Hidden diversity behind the zombie-ant fungus, Ophiocordyceps unilateralis: four new species described from carpenter ants in Minas Gerais, Brazil. PLoS One, 6(3): e17024

[14]

Fan

, Li

, Chen

, Li

, 2001. Cordyceps gracilioides, a new record for China. Mycosystema, 20(2): 273-274 (in Chinese)

[15]

Fan

, Yang

, Li

, Wang

, Liao

, Shen

, Yang

, Zeng

, Wang

, 2024. Molecular phylogeny and morphology reveal two new entomopathogenic species of Ophiocordyceps (Ophiocordycipitaceae, Hypocreales) parasitic on termites from China. MycoKeys, 103: 1-24

[16]

Hodge

, Humber

, Wozniak

, 1998. Cordyceps variabilis and the genus Syngliocladium. Mycologia, 90(5): 743-753

[17]

James

, Kauff

, Schoch

, et al. (more than 20 authors), 2006. Reconstructing the early evolution of Fungi using a six-gene phylogeny. Nature, 443: 818-822

[18]

Kiyoshi

, 2000. Several additional occurrences of a rare entomogenous fungus Cordyceps entomorrhiza from Tokyo. Natural Environmental Science Research, 13: 121-125

[19]

Kobayasi

, 1937. On the specific connection of Cordyceps entomorrhiza and Tilachlidiopsis nigra. The Botanical Magazine, 51(603): 97-102

[20]

Kobayasi

, 1941. The genus Cordyceps and its allies. Science Reports, 5(1): 53-260

[21]

Kobayasi

, 1982. Keys to the taxa of the genera Cordyceps and Torrubiella. Transactions of the Mycological Society of Japan, 23: 329-364

[22]

Lanfear

, Frandsen

, Wright

, Senfeld

, Calcott

, 2017. PartitionFinder 2: new methods for selecting partitioned models of evolution for molecular and morphological phylogenetic analyses. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 34(3): 772-773

[23]

, Hyde

, Zhao

, et al. (more than 20 authors), 2016. Fungal diversity notes 253-366: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa. Fungal Diversity, 78(1): 1-237

[24]

Liang

, 2007. Flora fungorun sinicorun: Vol 32. Cordyceps. Science Press, Beijing. 1-190 (in Chinese)

[25]

Liang

, Liu

, Fan

, Guo

, 1995. Several species of Cordyceps in northwest area, China. Acta Mycologica Sinica, 14(3): 237-240 (in Chinese)

[26]

Liu

, 2004. Ecological studies on the nematophagous fungi Hirsutella minnesotensis and Hirsutella rhossiliensis. PhD Dissertation, Hebei Agricaltural University, Baoding. 1-145 (in Chinese)

[27]

Luangsa-Ard

, Tasanathai

, Thanakitpipattana

, Khonsanit

, Stadler

, 2018. Novel and interesting Ophiocordyceps spp. (Ophiocordycipitaceae, Hypocreales) with superficial perithecia from Thailand. Studies in Mycology, 89: 125-142

[28]

Mains

, 1958. North American entomogenous species of Cordyceps. Mycologia, 50(2): 169-222

[29]

Mongkolsamrit

, Noisripoom

, Arnamnart

, Lamlertthon

, Himaman

, Jangsantear

, Samson

, Luangsa-ard

, 2019. Resurrection of Paraisaria in the Ophiocordycipitaceae with three new species from Thailand. Mycological Progress, 18(9): 1213-1230

[30]

Mongkolsamrit

, Noisripoom

, Tasanathai

, Khonsanit

, Thanakitpipattana

, Lamlertthon

, Himaman

, Crous

, Stadler

, Luangsa-Ard

, 2024. Uncovering cryptic species diversity of Ophiocordyceps (Ophiocordycipitaceae) associated with Coleoptera from Thailand. Fungal Systematics and Evolution, 14: 223-250

[31]

Pérez-Villamares

, Burrola-Aguilar

, Aguilar-Miguel

, Sanjuan

, Jiménez-Sánchez

, 2017. New records of entomopathogenous fungi of the genus Cordyceps s. l. (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) from the State of México. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 88(4): 773-783

[32]

Petch

, 1931. Notes on entomogenous fungi. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 16: 55-75

[33]

Quandt

, Kepler

, Gams

, Araújo

JPM

, Ban

, Evans

, Hughes

, Humber

, Hywel-Jones

, Li

, Luangsa-ard

, Rehner

, Sanjuan

, Sato

, Shrestha

, Sung

, Yao

, Zare

, Spatafora

, 2014. Phylogenetic-based nomenclatural proposals for Ophiocordycipitaceae (Hypocreales) with new combinations in Tolypocladium. IMA Fungus, 5(1): 121-134

[34]

Rath

, 2000. The use of entomopathogenic fungi for control of termites. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 10(5): 563-581

[35]

Ronquist

, Teslenko

, van der

Mark ADL

, Darling

, Höhna

, Larget

, Liu

, Suchard

, Huelsenbeck

, 2012. MrBayes 3.2: efficient bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic Biology, 61: 539-542

[36]

Samson

, Brady

, 1983. Paraisaria, a new genus for Isaria dubia, the anamorph of Cordyceps gracilis. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 81(2): 285-290

[37]

Sanjuan

, Francomolano

, Kepler

, Spatafora

, Tabima

, Vasco-Palacios

, Restrepo

, 2015. Five new species of entomopathogenic fungi from the Amazon and evolution of neotropical Ophiocordyceps. Fungal Biology, 119(10): 901-916

[38]

Shrestha

, Tanaka

, Hyun

, Han

, Kim

, Jo

, Han

, Oh

, Sung

, 2016. Coleopteran and Lepidopteran hosts of the entomopathogenic genus Cordyceps sensu lato. Journal of Mycology, 2: 1-14

[39]

Spatafora

, Sung

, Johnson

, et al. (more than 20 authors), 2006. A five-gene phylogeny of Pezizomycotina. Mycologia, 98(6): 1018-1028

[40]

Spatafora

, Sung

, Hywel-Jones

, White

, 2007. Phylogenetic evidence for an animal pathogen origin of ergot and the grass endophytes. Molecular Ecology, 16(8): 1701-1711

[41]

Stamatakis

, 2006. RAxML-VI-HPC: maximum likelihood- based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models. Bioinformatics, 22(21): 2688-2690

[42]

Sun

, Chen

, Wang

, Dai

, Zou

, Luo

, Dong

, Yu

, 2024. Mitogenomics, phylogeny and morphology reveal two new entomopathogenic species of Ophiocordyceps (Ophiocordycipitaceae, Hypocreales) from south-western China. MycoKeys, 109: 49-72

[43]

Sun

, Zou

, Dong

, Huang

, Tang

, Yu

, 2022. Morphology, phylogeny, mitogenomics and metagenomics reveal a new entomopathogenic fungus Ophiocordyceps nujiangensis (Hypocreales, Ophiocordycipitaceae) from southwestern China. MycoKeys, 94: 91-108

[44]

Sung

, Hywel-Jones

, Sung

, Luangsa-Ard

, Shrestha

, Spatafora

, 2007a. Phylogenetic classification of Cordyceps and the clavicipitaceous fungi. Studies in Mycology, 57: 5-59

[45]

Sung

, Sung

, Hywel-Jones

, Spatafora

, 2007b. A multi-gene phylogeny of Clavicipitaceae (Ascomycota, Fungi): identification of localized incongruence using a combinational bootstrap approach. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 44(3): 1204-1223

[46]

Tamura

, Peterson

, Stecher

, Nei

, Kumar

, 2011. MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 28: 2731-2739

[47]

Tang

, Huang

, Zou

, Wang

, Dong

, Sun

, Yang

, Yu

, 2023. Six new species of zombie-ant fungi from Yunnan in China. IMA Fungus, 14(1): 9

[48]

Tehan

, Dooley

, Barge

, McPhail

, Spatafora

, 2023. New species and new combinations in the genus Paraisaria (Hypocreales, Ophiocordycipitaceae) from the U.S.A, supported by polyphasic analysis. MycoKeys, 100: 69-94

[49]

Thanakitpipattana

, Tasanathai

, Mongkolsamrit

, Khonsanit

, Lamlertthon

, Luangsa-Ard

, 2020. Fungal pathogens occurring on Orthopterida in Thailand. Persoonia, 44: 140-160

[50]

Vilgalys

, Hester

, 1990. Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species. Journal of Bacteriology, 172(8): 4238-4246

[51]

Wang

, Dai

, Yang

, Guo

, Wang

, Zhu

, Ding

, Yu

, 2021. Morphological and molecular phylogenetic data of the Chinese medicinal fungus Cordyceps liangshanensis reveal its new systematic position in the family Ophiocordycipitaceae. Mycobiology, 9: 1-11

[52]

Wang

, Yu

, Dai

, Wu

, Zeng

, Yuan

, Liang

, 2015. Polycephalomyces agaricus, a new hyperparasite of Ophiocordyceps sp. infecting melolonthid larvae in southwestern China. Mycological Progress, 14: 70

[53]

Wang

, Hong

, Tai

, Wang

, Tsai

, Lien

, Chou

, Lai

, Chu

, Ding

, Irie

, Li

, Tzean

, Shen

, 2015. Evaluation of an Epitypified Ophiocordyceps formosana (Cordyceps s.l.) for its pharmacological potential. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2015: 189891

[54]

Wei

, Wanasinghe

, Xu

, To-Anun

, Mortimer

, Hyde

, Elgorban

, Madawala

, Suwannarach

, Karunarathna

, Tibpromma

, Lumyong

, 2021. Three novel entomopathogenic fungi from China and Thailand. Frontiers in Microbiology, 11: 608991

[55]

Wen

, Xiao

, Zha

, Hyde

, Kang

, 2016. Multigene phylogeny and morphology reveal a new species, Ophiocordyceps tettigonia, from Guizhou Province, China. Phytotaxa, 280(2): 141

[56]

White

, Bruns

, Lee

, Taylor

, 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis MA, Gelfand DH, Sninsky JJ, White TJ (eds.) PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications. Academic Press, New York. 315-322

[57]

Will

, Das

, Trinh

, Brachmann

, Ohm

, de Bekker

, 2020. Genetic underpinnings of host manipulation by Ophiocordyceps as revealed by comparative transcriptomics. Genes Genomes Genetics, 10: 2275-2296

[58]

, Zhou

, Yang

, Bau

, Li

, Dai

, 2019. Resource diversity of Chinese macrofungi: edible, medicinal and poisonous species. Fungal Diversity, 98: 1-76

[59]

, Deng

, Wang

, Tian

, Qu

, Dai

, Zou

, 2025. Description of two new species of Ophiocordyceps: O. sinocampes and O. cystidiata (Ophiocordycipitaceae, Hypocreales) from typical karst landform forests in Guizhou, China. Mycokeys, 114: 1-27

[60]

Yang

, 2023. Taxonomy and multigene phylogeny of Ophiocordyceps from China. MS Thesis, Yunnan University, Kunming. 1-175 (in Chinese)

[61]

Yang

, Rannala

, 2012. Molecular phylogenetics: principles and practice. Nature Reviews Genetics, 13: 303-314

[62]

Yang

, Qin

, Xia

, Hu

, Li

, 2015. Ophiocordyceps highlandensis, a new entomopathogenic fungus from Yunnan, China. Phytotaxa, 204(4): 287-295

[63]

, Suo

, Lu

, Wang

, 2015. Effect of Ophiocordyceps gracilis extract on the proliferation of AGS gastric cancer cells. Acta Edulis Fungi, 22(2): 51-54 (in Chinese)

[64]

, Chen

, Guo

, 2010. A review of research on Cordyceps liangshanensis. Lishizhen Medicine and Materia Medica Research, 21(8): 2024-2025, 2027 (in Chinese)

[65]

, 2016. Cordyceps resources and utilization in Yunnan — the kingdom of Cordyceps in Yunnan. Nanhua (China) Wild Mushroom Conference, Nanhua. 21-22 (in Chinese)

[66]

Zang

, Liu

, Hu

, 1982. Notes concerning the subdivisions of Cordyceps and a new species from China. Acta Botanica Yunanica, 4(2): 173-176 (in Chinese)

[67]

Zha

, Kryukov

, Ding

, Jeewon

, Chomnunti

, 2021. Novel taxa and species diversity of cordyceps sensu lato (hypocreales, ascomycota) developing on wireworms (elateroidea and tenebrionoidea, coleoptera). MycoKeys, 78(2): 79-117

[68]

Zha

, Ye

, Huang

, Boonmee

, Eungwanichayapant

, Hyde

, Wen

, 2020. Species diversity and host associations of Cordyceps (Hypocreales) parasitic on Orthoptera insects. Mycosystema, 39(4): 707-722

[69]

Zheng

, Xie

, Cai

, Zhu

, Li

, Gao

, Tan

, Hao

, Qin

, 2015. Effects of Ophiocordyceps xuefengensis on proliferation of DC-CIK cells and activity of killing HepG-2 cells by DC-CIK cells. Chinese Journal of Immunology, 31(2): 189-192 (in Chinese)

[70]

Zhou

, 2021. Ophiocordyceps lanpingensis polysaccharides combined with cisplatin to enhance the antitumor activity of Lewis tumor-bearing mice. MS Thesis, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming. 1-75 (in Chinese)

[71]

Zhou

, 2024. Species diversity of Ophiocordycipitaceae in Yunnan and bioactive compounds of Tolypocladium tengchongensis. MS Thesis, Guizhou University, Guiyang. 1-105 (in Chinese)

[72]

Zou

, 2022. Taxonomy and multigene phylogeny of Ophiocordyceps from Yunnan. MS Thesis, Yunnan University, Kunming. 1-122 (in Chinese)

[73]

陈思琪, 2021. 发丝线虫草及其近缘种系统发育与比较基因组学研究. 云南大学博士论文,昆明. 1-176

[74]

代永东, 2018. 青藏高原东南部冬虫夏草及其近缘种分类与谱系地理研究. 云南大学博士论文,昆明. 1-159

[75]

董彩虹, 刘杏忠, 李增智, 闫文娟, 李泰辉, 2016. 我国虫草产业发展现状、问题及展望—虫草产业发展金湖宣言. 菌物学报, 35(1): 1-15

[76]

樊美珍, 李春如, 陈远友, 李增智, 2001. 虫草属一新纪录种—拟细虫草. 菌物系统, 20(2): 273-274

[77]

梁宗琦, 2007. 中国真菌志. 第三十二卷,虫草属. 北京: 科学出版社. 1-190

[78]

梁宗琦, 刘爱英, 樊美珍, 郭超, 1995. 西北地区的几种虫草. 真菌学报, 14(3): 237-240

[79]

刘淑芬, 2004. 食线虫真菌Hirsutella minnesotensis和Hirsutella rhossiliensis的生态学研究. 河北农业大学博士论文,保定. 1-145

[80]

杨涛, 2023. 中国线虫草属物种分类与多基因系统发育研究. 云南大学硕士论文,昆明. 1-175

[81]

叶星, 索菲娅, 卢帅, 王卓, 2015. 新疆细虫草提取物对胃癌AGS细胞增殖的影响. 食用菌学报, 22(2): 51-54

[82]

喻东, 陈璐, 国锦琳, 2010. 凉山虫草的研究综述. 时珍国医国药, 21(8): 2024-2025, 2027

[83]

虞泓, 2016. 云南虫草资源及利用——虫草王国在云南. 2016中国南华野生菌大会资料汇编,南华. 21-22

[84]

臧穆, 刘道庆, 胡若英, 1982. 中国虫草属亚属的划分及新种报道. 云南植物研究, 4(2): 173-176

[85]

郑兵, 谢芳一, 蔡国辉, 朱如彩, 李柯, 高守泉, 谭电波, 郝晓勇, 秦裕辉, 2015. 雪峰虫草对DC-CIK增殖及HepG-2细胞杀伤作用的实验研究. 中国免疫学杂志, 31(2): 189-192

[86]

周树波, 2021. 兰坪虫草多糖联合顺铂增强Lewis荷瘤小鼠的抗肿瘤活性研究. 昆明理工大学硕士论文,昆明. 1-75

[87]

周云, 2024. 云南线虫草科物种多样性及Tolypocladium tengchongensis活性成分研究. 贵州大学硕士论文,贵阳. 1-105

[88]

邹维秋, 2022. 云南线虫草属物种分类与系统发育研究. 云南大学硕士论文,昆明. 1-122

2026年第45卷第1期

PDF下载

引用本文

BibTeX

文章信息

doi: 10.13346/j.mycosystema.250213

接收时间：2025-07-14
首发时间：2026-04-30
出版时间：2026-01-22

补充材料

相关文章

文章信息

作者

出版历史

收稿日期：2025-07-14
录用日期：2025-08-19

基金

National Natural Science Foundation of China(32160005)

国家自然科学基金(32160005)

Guizhou Key Laboratory of Microbiome and Infectious Disease Prevention & Control(ZDSYS[2023]004)

贵州省微生物组与传染性疾病防控重点实验室(ZDSYS[2023]004)

作者信息

1 贵州中医药大学基础医学院/菌物药研究中心，贵州贵阳 550025

2 贵州中医药大学药学院，贵州贵阳 550025

通讯作者:

参考文献

分享链接

https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/jwxb/CN/10.13346/j.mycosystema.250213

分享至

全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文

BibTeX

本文的引用情况

2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

关闭全屏

BibTeX
EndNote
RefWorks
TxT

基因 Gene	引物名称 Primer	引物序列 Primer sequence (5′→3′)	来源 Reference
ITS	ITS5	GGAAGTAAAAGTCGTAACAAGG	White et al. 1990
ITS4	TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC
nrSSU	CSSU3F	TCTCAAAGATTAAGCCATGC	Chen et al. 2013
CSSU18R	TCACCAACGGAGACCTTG
nrLSU	LR5	ATCCTGAGGGAAACTTC	Vilgalys & Hester 1990
LR0R	GTACCCGCTGAACTTAAGC
tef-1α	EF1α-EF	GCTCCYGGHCAYCGTGAYTTYAT	Bischoff et al. 2006; Sung et al. 2007b
EF1α-ER	ATGACACCRACRGCRACRGTYTG
rpb1	rpb1-5'F	CAYCCWGGYTTYATCAAGAA
rpb1-5'R	CCNGCDATNTCRTTRTCCATRTA
rpb2	rpb2-5'F	CCCATRGCTTGTYYRCCCAT
rpb2-5'R	GAYGAYMGWGATCAYTTYGG

基因
Gene

引物名称
Primer

引物序列
Primer sequence (5′→3′)

来源
Reference

ITS

ITS5

GGAAGTAAAAGTCGTAACAAGG

White et al. 1990

ITS4

TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC

nrSSU

CSSU3F

TCTCAAAGATTAAGCCATGC

Chen et al. 2013

CSSU18R

TCACCAACGGAGACCTTG

nrLSU

LR5

ATCCTGAGGGAAACTTC

Vilgalys & Hester 1990

LR0R

GTACCCGCTGAACTTAAGC

tef-1α

EF1α-EF

GCTCCYGGHCAYCGTGAYTTYAT

Bischoff et al. 2006;
Sung et al. 2007b

EF1α-ER

ATGACACCRACRGCRACRGTYTG

rpb1

rpb1-5'F

CAYCCWGGYTTYATCAAGAA

rpb1-5'R

CCNGCDATNTCRTTRTCCATRTA

rpb2

rpb2-5'F

CCCATRGCTTGTYYRCCCAT

rpb2-5'R

GAYGAYMGWGATCAYTTYGG

物种 Species	菌株 Voucher	寄主 Host	GenBank登录号 GenBank accession number	文献引证 References
O. borealis	GACPR_16002	Coleoptera	MK863045	MK863052	MK860190	-	-	Zha et al. 2021
O. borealis	MFLU_18_0163	Coleoptera	MK863044	MK863051	MK860189	-	-	Zha et al. 2021
O. clavata	BCC_95653	Coleoptera	-	-	OR855796	OR855816	OR855838	Mongkolsamrit et al. 2024
O. clavata	BUO_545	Coleoptera	-	MH879601	MH879672	MH885450	-
O. clavata	CEM_1762	Coleoptera	KJ878916	KJ878882	KJ878963	KJ878996	-	Quandt et al. 2014
O. clavata	NBRC_106961	Coleoptera	-	JN941414	AB968586	JN992461	AB968547	Ban et al. 2015
O. clavata	NBRC_106962	Coleoptera	JN941726	JN941415	AB968587	JN992460	AB968548	Ban et al. 2015
O. entomorrhiza	KEW_53484	Coleoptera	EF468954	EF468809	EF468749	EF468857	EF468911	Sung et al. 2007a
O. formosana	MFLU:15-3888	Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea	KU854951	-	KU854949	KU854947	-	Li et al. 2016
O. formosana	NTU_00035	Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea	-	-	KT275192	KT275190	KT275191	Wang YW et al. 2015
O. formosana	TNMF_13893	Coleoptera	KJ878908	-	KJ878956	KJ878988	KJ878943	Wang YW et al. 2015
O. highlandensis	HKAS83207	Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea	KM581284	-	-	KM581274	KM581278	Yang et al. 2015
O. hignlandensis	YHH_OH1301	Coleoptera: Melolonthidae	KR479869	-	KR479870	KR479872	KR479874	Wang YB et al. 2015
O. konnoana	EFCC_7295	Coleoptera	EF468958	-	-	EF468862	EF468915	Sung et al. 2007a
O. konnoana	EFCC_7315	Coleoptera	EF468959	-	EF468753	EF468861	EF468916	Sung et al. 2007a
O. krachonicola	BCC_79666	Coleoptera	-	MK632080	MK632054	MK632161	MK632132	Thanakitpipattana et al. 2020
O. krachonicola	BCC_79667	Coleoptera	-	MK632081	MK632055	MK632162	MK632133	Thanakitpipattana et al. 2020
O. kuchinaraiensis	BCC_95830	Coleoptera	-	OQ627397	OQ625474	-	OQ625475	Crous et al. 2023
O. melolonthae	OSC_110993	Coleoptera	DQ522548	DQ518762	DQ522331	DQ522376	-	Sung et al. 2007a
O. melolonthae	Ophgrc_679	Coleoptera	-	KC610768	KC610744	KF658666	-	Sanjuan et al. 2015
O. neovolkiana	OSC_151903	Coleoptera	KJ878930	KJ878896	KJ878976	KJ879010	-	Sung et al. 2007a
O. nigrella	EFCC_9247	Coleoptera	EF468963	EF468818	EF468758	EF468866	EF468920	Sung et al. 2007a
O. paraisariaoidea	GZY_OPNJ2023-1	Lepidoptara	PV890077	PV890078	PV897478	PV897480	-	本研究This study
O. paraisariaoidea	GZY_OPNJ2023-2	Lepidoptara	PX105295	PV890079	PV897479	PV897481	-	本研究This study
O. pseudovariabilis	BCC_88311	Coleoptera	-	-	OR855800	OR855824	OR855844	Mongkolsamrit et al. 2024
O. purpureostromata	TNS_F18430	Coleoptera	KJ878931	KJ878897	KJ878977	KJ879011	-	Quandt et al. 2014
O. ravenelii	OSC_110995	Coleoptera: Beetle larva	DQ522550	DQ518764	DQ522334	DQ522379	DQ522430	Sung et al. 2007a
O. ravenelii	OSC_151914	Coleoptera	KJ878932	-	KJ878978	KJ879012	KJ878950	Sung et al. 2007a
O. spicatus	MFLU18-0164	Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea	MK863047	MK863054	MK860192	-	-	Zha et al. 2021
O. variabilis	ARSEF_5365	Diptera: Xylophagidae	DQ522555	DQ518769	DQ522340	DQ522386	DQ522437	Spatafora et al. 2007
O. variabilis	OSC_111003	Diptera: Xylophagidae	EF468985	EF468839	EF468779	EF468885	EF468933	Mongkolsamrit et al. 2019
Parisaria alba	HKAS_102484	Orthoptera	MN943843	MN943839	MN929085	MN929078	MN929082	Wei et al. 2021
Par. amazonica	HUA_186094	Orthoptera	KJ917565	-	KM411986	KP212906	-	Sanjuan et al. 2015
Par. amazonica	HUA_186100	Orthoptera	KJ917564	-	KM411987	KP212907	-	Sanjuan et al. 2015
Par. amazonica	HUA_186101	Orthoptera	-	-	KM411988	KP212908	KM411981	Sanjuan et al. 2015
Par. amazonica	HUA_186113	Orthoptera	KJ917566	KJ917572	-	KP212903	KM411980	Sanjuan et al. 2015
Par. amazonica	HUA_186136	Orthoptera	KJ917560	-	KM411991	KP212905	-	Sanjuan et al. 2015
Par. amazonica	Ophama2026	Orthoptera	KJ917562	KJ917571	KM411989	KP212902	KM411982	Sanjuan et al. 2015
Par. arcta	HKAS 102552	Lepidoptera	MN943844	MN943840	MN929086	MN929079	MN929083	Wei et al. 2021
Par. arcta	HKAS_102553	Lepidoptera	MN943845	MN943841	MN929087	MN929080	-	Wei et al. 2021
Par. blattarioides	HUA_186108	Blattodea, Dyctioptera	KJ917558	KJ917569	-	KP212912	KM411984	Sanjuan et al. 2015
Par. blattarioides	HUA_186093	Blattodea, cockroach	KJ917559	KJ917570	KM411992	KP212910	-	Sanjuan et al. 2015
Par. cascadensis	OSC-M-052010	Orthoptera	OQ800918	OQ708931	OR199814	OR199828	OR199838	Tehan et al. 2023
Par. cascadensis	OSC-M-052012	Orthoptera	OQ800920	OQ708933	OR199816	OR199830	-	Tehan et al. 2023
Par. cascadensis	OSC-M-052017	Orthoptera	OQ800921	OQ708934	OR199817	OR199831	-	Tehan et al. 2023
Par. coenomyiae	NBRC_108993	Diptera: Coenomyia	AB968384	AB968412	AB968570	-	AB968532	Ban et al. 2015
Par. coenomyiae	NBRC_106964	Diptera: Coenomyiidae	AB968385	AB968413	AB968571	-	AB968533	Ban et al. 2015
Par. gracilioides	Ophgrc934	Coleoptera (Elateridae larva)	KJ917556	-	KM411994	KP212914	-	Sanjuan et al. 2015
Par. gracilioides	HUA 186092	Coleoptera	KJ917555	KJ130992	-	KP212915	-	Sanjuan et al. 2015
Par. cf. gracilis	EFCC_3101	Lepidoptera	EF468955	EF468810	EF468750	EF468858	EF468913	Sung et al. 2007a
Par. gracilis	EFCC_8572	Lepidoptera	EF468956	EF468811	EF468751	EF468859	EF468912	Sung et al. 2007a
Par. heteropoda	EFCC 10125	Hemiptera: Cicada	EF468957	EF468812	EF468752	EF468860	EF468914	Quandt et al. 2014
Par. heteropoda	NBRC 100642	Hemiptera	JN941720	JN941421	AB968594	JN992454	AB968555	Ban et al. 2015
Par. heteropoda	NBRC 100643	Hemiptera	JN941719	JN941422	AB968595	JN992453	AB968556	Ban et al. 2015
Par. heteropoda	NBRC_100644	Hemiptera	JN941718	JN941423	AB968596	JN992452	AB968557	Ban et al. 2015
Par. heteropoda	NBRC 33060	Hemiptera	AB113352	-	MK214083	MK214087	-	Mongkolsamrit et al. 2019
Par. heteropoda	OSC_106404	Hemiptera	AY489690	AY489722	AY489617	AY489651	-	Sung et al. 2007a
Par. insignis	OSC.164134	Coleoptera	OQ800911	OQ708924	OR199807	OR199822	-	Tehan et al. 2023
Par. insignis	OSC.164135	Coleoptera	OQ800912	OQ708925	OR199808	OR199823	-	Tehan et al. 2023
Par. insignis	OSC.164137	Coleoptera	OQ800913	OQ708926	OR199809	OR199824	-	Tehan et al. 2023
Par. insignis	OSC-M-052004	Coleoptera	OQ800914	OQ708927	OR199810	-	-	Tehan et al. 2023
Par. insignis	OSC-M-052008	Coleoptera	OQ800917	OQ708930	OR199813	OR199827	-	Tehan et al. 2023
Par. insignis	OSC-M-052013	Coleoptera	OQ800924	OQ708938	OR199820	OR199834	-	Tehan et al. 2023
Par. orthopterorum	BBC88305	Orthoptera	-	MK332583	MK214080	MK214084	-	Mongkolsamrit et al. 2019
Par. orthopterorum	TBRC 9710	Orthoptera	-	MK332582	MK214081	MK214085	-	Mongkolsamrit et al. 2019
Par. phuwiangensis	BBH 43492	Coleoptera	-	MH201169	MH211355	MH211352	-	Mongkolsamrit et al. 2019
Par. phuwiangensis	TBRC9709	Coleoptera: Elateridae	-	MK192057	MK214082	MK214086	-	Mongkolsamrit et al. 2019
Par. pseudoheteropoda	OSC-M-052005	Hemiptera	OQ800915	OQ708928	OR199811	OR199825	OR199836	Tehan et al. 2023
Par. pseudoheteropoda	OSC-M-052007	Hemiptera	OQ800916	OQ708929	OR199812	OR199826	OR199837	Tehan et al. 2023
Par. pseudoheteropoda	OSC-M-052009	Hemiptera	OQ800922	OQ708935	OR199818	OR199832	OR199840	Tehan et al. 2023
Par. pseudoheteropoda	OSC-M-052020	Hemiptera	OQ800923	OQ708937	OR199819	OR199833	-	Tehan et al. 2023
Par. pseudoheteropoda	OSC-M-052022	Hemiptera	OQ800925	OQ708939	OR199821	OR199835	OR199841	Tehan et al. 2023
Par. rosea	HKAS_102546	Coleoptera	MN943846	MN943842	MN929088	MN929081	MN929084	Wei et al. 2021
Par. tettigonia	GZUHCS14062709	Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae	KT345955	-	KT375440	KT375441	-	Wen et al. 2016
Par. yodhathaii	BBH43163	Coleoptera: Elateridae	-	MK332584	MH211353	MH211349	-	Mongkolsamrit et al. 2019
Par. yodhathaii	TBRC 8502	Coleoptera	-	MH201168	MH211354	MH211350	-	Mongkolsamrit et al. 2019
Tilachlidiopsis nigra	TNS_16252	Coleoptera	KJ878941	KJ878906	KJ878986	-	-	Quandt et al. 2014
Tilachlidiopsis nigra	TNS_16250	Coleoptera	KJ878942	-	KJ878987	KJ879021	-	Quandt et al. 2014

物种
Species

菌株
Voucher

寄主
Host

GenBank登录号
GenBank accession number

文献引证
References

nrSSU

nrLSU

tef-1α

rpb1

rpb2

O. borealis

GACPR_16002

Coleoptera

MK863045

MK863052

MK860190

Zha et al. 2021

O. borealis

MFLU_18_0163

Coleoptera

MK863044

MK863051

MK860189

Zha et al. 2021

O. clavata

BCC_95653

Coleoptera

OR855796

OR855816

OR855838

Mongkolsamrit et al. 2024

O. clavata

BUO_545

Coleoptera

MH879601

MH879672

MH885450

O. clavata

CEM_1762

Coleoptera

KJ878916

KJ878882

KJ878963

KJ878996

Quandt et al. 2014

O. clavata

NBRC_106961

Coleoptera

JN941414

AB968586

JN992461

AB968547

Ban et al. 2015

O. clavata

NBRC_106962

Coleoptera

JN941726

JN941415

AB968587

JN992460

AB968548

Ban et al. 2015

O. entomorrhiza

KEW_53484

Coleoptera

EF468954

EF468809

EF468749

EF468857

EF468911

Sung et al. 2007a

O. formosana

MFLU:15-3888

Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea

KU854951

KU854949

KU854947

Li et al. 2016

O. formosana

NTU_00035

Coleoptera:
Tenebrionoidea

KT275192

KT275190

KT275191

Wang YW et al. 2015

O. formosana

TNMF_13893

Coleoptera

KJ878908

KJ878956

KJ878988

KJ878943

Wang YW et al. 2015

O. highlandensis

HKAS83207

Coleoptera:
Scarabaeoidea

KM581284

KM581274

KM581278

Yang et al. 2015

O. hignlandensis

YHH_OH1301

Coleoptera:
Melolonthidae

KR479869

KR479870

KR479872

KR479874

Wang YB et al. 2015

O. konnoana

EFCC_7295

Coleoptera

EF468958

EF468862

EF468915

Sung et al. 2007a

O. konnoana

EFCC_7315

Coleoptera

EF468959

EF468753

EF468861

EF468916

Sung et al. 2007a

O. krachonicola

BCC_79666

Coleoptera

MK632080

MK632054

MK632161

MK632132

Thanakitpipattana et al. 2020

O. krachonicola

BCC_79667

Coleoptera

MK632081

MK632055

MK632162

MK632133

Thanakitpipattana et al. 2020

O. kuchinaraiensis

BCC_95830

Coleoptera

OQ627397

OQ625474

OQ625475

Crous et al. 2023

O. melolonthae

OSC_110993

Coleoptera

DQ522548

DQ518762

DQ522331

DQ522376

Sung et al. 2007a

O. melolonthae

Ophgrc_679

Coleoptera

KC610768

KC610744

KF658666

Sanjuan et al. 2015

O. neovolkiana

OSC_151903

Coleoptera

KJ878930

KJ878896

KJ878976

KJ879010

Sung et al. 2007a

O. nigrella

EFCC_9247

Coleoptera

EF468963

EF468818

EF468758

EF468866

EF468920

Sung et al. 2007a

O. paraisariaoidea

GZY_OPNJ2023-1

Lepidoptara

PV890077

PV890078

PV897478

PV897480

本研究This study

O. paraisariaoidea

GZY_OPNJ2023-2

Lepidoptara

PX105295

PV890079

PV897479

PV897481

本研究This study

O. pseudovariabilis

BCC_88311

Coleoptera

OR855800

OR855824

OR855844

Mongkolsamrit et al. 2024

O. purpureostromata

TNS_F18430

Coleoptera

KJ878931

KJ878897

KJ878977

KJ879011

Quandt et al. 2014

O. ravenelii

OSC_110995

Coleoptera:
Beetle larva

DQ522550

DQ518764

DQ522334

DQ522379

DQ522430

Sung et al. 2007a

O. ravenelii

OSC_151914

Coleoptera

KJ878932

KJ878978

KJ879012

KJ878950

Sung et al. 2007a

O. spicatus

MFLU18-0164

Coleoptera:
Tenebrionoidea

MK863047

MK863054

MK860192

Zha et al. 2021

O. variabilis

ARSEF_5365

Diptera: Xylophagidae

DQ522555

DQ518769

DQ522340

DQ522386

DQ522437

Spatafora et al. 2007

O. variabilis

OSC_111003

Diptera:
Xylophagidae

EF468985

EF468839

EF468779

EF468885

EF468933

Mongkolsamrit et al. 2019

Parisaria alba

HKAS_102484

Orthoptera

MN943843

MN943839

MN929085

MN929078

MN929082

Wei et al. 2021

Par. amazonica

HUA_186094

Orthoptera

KJ917565

KM411986

KP212906

Sanjuan et al. 2015

Par. amazonica

HUA_186100

Orthoptera

KJ917564

KM411987

KP212907

Sanjuan et al. 2015

Par. amazonica

HUA_186101

Orthoptera

KM411988

KP212908

KM411981

Sanjuan et al. 2015

Par. amazonica

HUA_186113

Orthoptera

KJ917566

KJ917572

KP212903

KM411980

Sanjuan et al. 2015

Par. amazonica

HUA_186136

Orthoptera

KJ917560

KM411991

KP212905

Sanjuan et al. 2015

Par. amazonica

Ophama2026

Orthoptera

KJ917562

KJ917571

KM411989

KP212902

KM411982

Sanjuan et al. 2015

Par. arcta

HKAS 102552

Lepidoptera

MN943844

MN943840

MN929086

MN929079

MN929083

Wei et al. 2021

Par. arcta

HKAS_102553

Lepidoptera

MN943845

MN943841

MN929087

MN929080

Wei et al. 2021

Par. blattarioides

HUA_186108

Blattodea, Dyctioptera

KJ917558

KJ917569

KP212912

KM411984

Sanjuan et al. 2015

Par. blattarioides

HUA_186093

Blattodea, cockroach

KJ917559

KJ917570

KM411992

KP212910

Sanjuan et al. 2015

Par. cascadensis

OSC-M-052010

Orthoptera

OQ800918

OQ708931

OR199814

OR199828

OR199838

Tehan et al. 2023

Par. cascadensis

OSC-M-052012

Orthoptera

OQ800920

OQ708933

OR199816

OR199830

Tehan et al. 2023

Par. cascadensis

OSC-M-052017

Orthoptera

OQ800921

OQ708934

OR199817

OR199831

Tehan et al. 2023

Par. coenomyiae

NBRC_108993

Diptera: Coenomyia

AB968384

AB968412

AB968570

AB968532

Ban et al. 2015

Par. coenomyiae

NBRC_106964

Diptera: Coenomyiidae

AB968385

AB968413

AB968571

AB968533

Ban et al. 2015

Par. gracilioides

Ophgrc934

Coleoptera
(Elateridae larva)

KJ917556

KM411994

KP212914

Sanjuan et al. 2015

Par. gracilioides

HUA 186092

Coleoptera

KJ917555

KJ130992

KP212915

Sanjuan et al. 2015

Par. cf. gracilis

EFCC_3101

Lepidoptera

EF468955

EF468810

EF468750

EF468858

EF468913

Sung et al. 2007a

Par. gracilis

EFCC_8572

Lepidoptera

EF468956

EF468811

EF468751

EF468859

EF468912

Sung et al. 2007a

Par. heteropoda

EFCC 10125

Hemiptera: Cicada

EF468957

EF468812

EF468752

EF468860

EF468914

Quandt et al. 2014

Par. heteropoda

NBRC 100642

Hemiptera

JN941720

JN941421

AB968594

JN992454

AB968555

Ban et al. 2015

Par. heteropoda

NBRC 100643

Hemiptera

JN941719

JN941422

AB968595

JN992453

AB968556

Ban et al. 2015

Par. heteropoda

NBRC_100644

Hemiptera

JN941718

JN941423

AB968596

JN992452

AB968557

Ban et al. 2015

Par. heteropoda

NBRC 33060

Hemiptera

AB113352

MK214083

MK214087

Mongkolsamrit et al. 2019

Par. heteropoda

OSC_106404

Hemiptera

AY489690

AY489722

AY489617

AY489651

Sung et al. 2007a

Par. insignis

OSC.164134

Coleoptera

OQ800911

OQ708924

OR199807

OR199822

Tehan et al. 2023

Par. insignis

OSC.164135

Coleoptera

OQ800912

OQ708925

OR199808

OR199823

Tehan et al. 2023

Par. insignis

OSC.164137

Coleoptera

OQ800913

OQ708926

OR199809

OR199824

Tehan et al. 2023

Par. insignis

OSC-M-052004

Coleoptera

OQ800914

OQ708927

OR199810

Tehan et al. 2023

Par. insignis

OSC-M-052008

Coleoptera

OQ800917

OQ708930

OR199813

OR199827

Tehan et al. 2023

Par. insignis

OSC-M-052013

Coleoptera

OQ800924

OQ708938

OR199820

OR199834

Tehan et al. 2023

Par. orthopterorum

BBC88305

Orthoptera

MK332583

MK214080

MK214084

Mongkolsamrit et al. 2019

Par. orthopterorum

TBRC 9710

Orthoptera

MK332582

MK214081

MK214085

Mongkolsamrit et al. 2019

Par. phuwiangensis

BBH 43492

Coleoptera

MH201169

MH211355

MH211352

Mongkolsamrit et al. 2019

Par. phuwiangensis

TBRC9709

Coleoptera:
Elateridae

MK192057

MK214082

MK214086

Mongkolsamrit et al. 2019

Par. pseudoheteropoda

OSC-M-052005

Hemiptera

OQ800915

OQ708928

OR199811

OR199825

OR199836

Tehan et al. 2023

Par. pseudoheteropoda

OSC-M-052007

Hemiptera

OQ800916

OQ708929

OR199812

OR199826

OR199837

Tehan et al. 2023

Par. pseudoheteropoda

OSC-M-052009

Hemiptera

OQ800922

OQ708935

OR199818

OR199832

OR199840

Tehan et al. 2023

Par. pseudoheteropoda

OSC-M-052020

Hemiptera

OQ800923

OQ708937

OR199819

OR199833

Tehan et al. 2023

Par. pseudoheteropoda

OSC-M-052022

Hemiptera

OQ800925

OQ708939

OR199821

OR199835

OR199841

Tehan et al. 2023

Par. rosea

HKAS_102546

Coleoptera

MN943846

MN943842

MN929088

MN929081

MN929084

Wei et al. 2021

Par. tettigonia

GZUHCS14062709

Orthoptera:
Tettigoniidae

KT345955

KT375440

KT375441

Wen et al. 2016

Par. yodhathaii

BBH43163

Coleoptera: Elateridae

MK332584

MH211353

MH211349

Mongkolsamrit et al. 2019

Par. yodhathaii

TBRC 8502

Coleoptera

MH201168

MH211354

MH211350

Mongkolsamrit et al. 2019

Tilachlidiopsis nigra

TNS_16252

Coleoptera

KJ878941

KJ878906

KJ878986

Quandt et al. 2014

Tilachlidiopsis nigra

TNS_16250

Coleoptera

KJ878942

KJ878987

KJ879021

Quandt et al. 2014

物种 Species	寄主 Host	分布 Distribution	子座 Stromata	可孕部 Fertile part	子囊壳 Perithecium/μm	子囊 Asci	子囊孢子 Ascospore	文献引证 Reference
O. paraisarioidea	Larva of Lepidoptera	Yunnan, China	5.0-9.0 cm	Globose to ellipsoidal, at the tip of stromata, 5-8 mm × 2-4 mm	Immersed, ellipsoid to cylindrical, 550-710 × 150-230 μm	150-375 × 3.0-4.75 μm	Filiform, non-disarticulating, 150-178 × 1.8-3.3 μm	本研究 This study
O. entomorrhiza	Tenebrionidae, Lampyridae (Coleoptera)	Asia, Europe	3.5-6.2 cm	Globose, at the tip of stromata, 2-3 mm × 2 mm	Immersed, 600-950 × 230-400 µm	300-600 × 4-6 µm	Filiform, non-disarticulating septa, 6-8 (10) × 1.5-2 µm	Kiyoshi 2000
Paraisaria dubia (=O. gracilis)	Larva of Hepialidae (Lepidoptera)	Africa, America, Asia, Europe	4.0-9.0 cm	Globose to ellipsoidal, red ochreous to pale orange, 4-9 mm × 4-7 mm	Immersed, elongate to oviform, (320-)560-840 × 200-360 μm	(200-)400-530 × 5-8 μm	Filiform, disarticulating, second ascospore, 5-9 × 1.5-2 µm	梁宗琦等 1995 Liang et al. 1995
Par. gracilioides	Larva of Elateridae (Coleoptera)	Bolivia, China, Colombia, Japan and Mexico	2.0-9.0 cm	Spherical, pale rufous, 4-5.5 mm	Immersed, ellipsoidal to naviform, 680-900 × 200-280 μm	450-700 × 5-6.5 μm	Filiform, disarticulating, second ascospore, 7-12 × 1-2 µm	樊美珍等 2001 Fan et al. 2001
Par. arcta	Larva of Lepidoptera	Guizhou, China	1.6 cm	Subglobose with constriction at center, white, 2 mm× 3 mm	Immersed, ampulliform to ellipsoidal, 230-530 × 70-180 μm	100-180 × 2-4 μm	Filiform, disarticulating, second ascospore, 2.6-4.2 ×0.5-1.3 µm	Wei et al. 2021

物种
Species

寄主
Host

分布
Distribution

子座
Stromata

可孕部
Fertile part

子囊壳
Perithecium/μm

子囊
Asci

子囊孢子
Ascospore

文献引证
Reference

O. paraisarioidea

Larva of
Lepidoptera

Yunnan,
China

5.0-9.0 cm

Globose to
ellipsoidal,
at the tip of
stromata,
5-8 mm ×
2-4 mm

Immersed,
ellipsoid to
cylindrical,
550-710 ×
150-230 μm

150-375 ×
3.0-4.75 μm

Filiform,
non-disarticulating,
150-178 × 1.8-3.3 μm

本研究
This study

O. entomorrhiza

Tenebrionidae,
Lampyridae
(Coleoptera)

Asia,
Europe

3.5-6.2 cm

Globose,
at the tip
of stromata,
2-3 mm ×
2 mm

Immersed,
600-950 ×
230-400 µm

300-600 ×
4-6 µm

Filiform,
non-disarticulating
septa,
6-8 (10) × 1.5-2 µm

Kiyoshi 2000

Paraisaria dubia
(=O. gracilis)

Larva of
Hepialidae
(Lepidoptera)

Africa,
America,
Asia,
Europe

4.0-9.0 cm

Globose to
ellipsoidal,
red ochreous
to pale orange,
4-9 mm ×
4-7 mm

Immersed,
elongate to
oviform,
(320-)560-840 ×
200-360 μm

(200-)400-530 ×
5-8 μm

Filiform,
disarticulating,
second ascospore,
5-9 × 1.5-2 µm

梁宗琦等 1995
Liang et al.
1995

Par. gracilioides

Larva of
Elateridae
(Coleoptera)

Bolivia,
China,
Colombia,
Japan and
Mexico

2.0-9.0 cm

Spherical,
pale rufous,
4-5.5 mm

Immersed,
ellipsoidal to
naviform,
680-900 ×
200-280 μm

450-700 ×
5-6.5 μm

Filiform,
disarticulating,
second ascospore,
7-12 × 1-2 µm

樊美珍等 2001
Fan et al. 2001

Par. arcta

Larva of
Lepidoptera

Guizhou,
China

1.6 cm

Subglobose with
constriction at
center, white,
2 mm× 3 mm

Immersed,
ampulliform to
ellipsoidal,
230-530 ×
70-180 μm

100-180 ×
2-4 μm

Filiform,
disarticulating,
second ascospore,
2.6-4.2 ×0.5-1.3 µm

Wei et al. 2021