Article(id=1256540739689918606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, issueId=1256540735885665031, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13346/j.mycosystema.250204, pmid=null, cstr=32115.14.j.mycosystema.250204, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1751817600000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1757433600000, acceptedDateStr=2025-09-10, onlineDate=1777512257740, onlineDateStr=2026-04-30, pubDate=1769011200000, pubDateStr=2026-01-22, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1777512257740, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1777512257740, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1777512257740, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1256540735885665031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, year='2026', volume='45', issue='1', pageStart='250201', pageEnd='250283', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1777512256833, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1777512529110, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1256541877973693171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, issueId=1256540735885665031, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1256541877973693172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, issueId=1256540735885665031, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=250204, endPage=, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1256540740381978778, articleId=1256540739689918606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, language=EN, title=Chemical constituents and anti-allergic activities of Inonotus obliquus, columnId=1256263562373226548, journalTitle=Mycosystema, columnName=Research paper, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Inonotus obliquus is a medicinal and edible fungus traditionally used for treating diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hepatitis, and related disorders. In this study, by use of solvent extraction and chromatographic techniques (reversed-phase silica gel, normal-phase silica gel, and Sephadex LH-20), eight compounds were isolated from I. obliquus. Based on nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic data, these compounds were identified as gallic acid (1), syringic acid (2), caffeic acid (3), 4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-buten-2-one (4), inotodiol (5), cortinellin (6), lanosterol (7), and peroxide ergosterol (8). Anti-allergic activity assays demonstrated that inotodiol (5) significantly inhibited mast cell degranulation at concentrations of 4.96, 9.92, and 15.50 μmol/L, with inhibition rates of 51.03%, 30.53%, and 23.07%, respectively, indicating potent anti-allergic efficacy. Notably, inotodiol (5) exhibited unobserved cytotoxicity at concentrations up to 15.50 μmol/L, highlighting its potential as a candidate for novel anti-allergic drug development.

, correspAuthors=Yongbiao ZHENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* E-mail:
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ORCID: LI Haiyan (0009-0003-5846-4684);

ZHENG Yongbiao (0000-0003-1557-7542)

, authorsList=Haiyan LI, Huimin ZHANG, Xuanzhu CHEN, Feng WU, Weiguang CHEN, Yongbiao ZHENG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1256540743544484020, articleId=1256540739689918606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, language=CN, title=桦褐孔菌的化学成分及抗过敏活性, columnId=1256263563312771301, journalTitle=菌物学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

桦褐孔菌Inonotus obliquus是一种珍贵的食药用真菌,传统医学中常用于治疗糖尿病、高血脂、肝炎等疾病。为进一步开发桦褐孔菌的功效,作者综合采用溶剂萃取和各种色谱技术(反相硅胶、正相硅胶及凝胶LH-20等),从桦褐孔菌中分离得到8个化合物,并根据核磁波谱数据,将这些化合物分别鉴定为原儿茶酸(1)、丁香酸(2)、咖啡酸(3)、4-(3,4-二羟苯基)-3-丁烯-2-酮(4)、桦褐孔菌醇(5)、栓菌酸(6)、羊毛甾醇(7)和过氧麦角甾醇(8)。抗过敏活性实验显示,桦褐孔菌醇(5)在4.96、9.92和15.50 μmol/L浓度的脱颗粒率分别为51.03%、30.53%和23.07%,均能显著抑制肥大细胞脱颗粒,具有明显的抗敏舒缓效果。此外,桦褐孔菌醇(5)在15.50 μmol/L浓度以下未表现出明显的细胞毒性,有望用于开发新型抗敏药物。本文研究结果为桦褐孔菌功能性产品开发提供了重要参考。

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BC: Black control; NC: Negative control; PC: Positive control. For the comparison between the NC group and the BC group, # indicates P<0.05 and ## indicates P<0.01. For the comparisons between the sample groups, PC group and the NC group, * indicates P<0.05 and **indicates P<0.01.

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BC:空白对照;NC:阴性对照;PC:阳性对照;NC组与BC组相比,#表示P<0.05,##表示P<0.01;样品组、PC组与NC组相比, *表示P<0.05,**表示P<0.01

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A: Blank group; B: Negative control group; C: Positive control group; D: 4.96 μmol/L; E: 9.92 μmol/L; F: 15.50 μmol/L.

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A:空白组;B:阴性对照组;C:阳性对照组;D:4.96 μmol/L;E:9.92 μmol/L;F:15.50 μmol/L

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桦褐孔菌的化学成分及抗过敏活性
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李海燕 1 , 张慧敏 1 , 陈烜著 1 , 吴峰 2 , 陈维广 2 , 郑永标 1, *
菌物学报 | 研究论文 2026,45(1): 250204
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菌物学报 | 研究论文 2026, 45(1): 250204
桦褐孔菌的化学成分及抗过敏活性
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李海燕1, 张慧敏1, 陈烜著1, 吴峰2, 陈维广2, 郑永标1, *
作者信息
  • 1 福建师范大学生命科学学院,福建 福州 350117
  • 2 福州碧昂缇生物科技有限公司,福建 福州 350108
Chemical constituents and anti-allergic activities of Inonotus obliquus
Haiyan LI1, Huimin ZHANG1, Xuanzhu CHEN1, Feng WU2, Weiguang CHEN2, Yongbiao ZHENG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, Fujian, China
  • 2 Fuzhou Beyonte Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
  • ORCID: LI Haiyan (0009-0003-5846-4684);

    ZHENG Yongbiao (0000-0003-1557-7542)

出版时间: 2026-01-22 doi: 10.13346/j.mycosystema.250204
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桦褐孔菌Inonotus obliquus是一种珍贵的食药用真菌,传统医学中常用于治疗糖尿病、高血脂、肝炎等疾病。为进一步开发桦褐孔菌的功效,作者综合采用溶剂萃取和各种色谱技术(反相硅胶、正相硅胶及凝胶LH-20等),从桦褐孔菌中分离得到8个化合物,并根据核磁波谱数据,将这些化合物分别鉴定为原儿茶酸(1)、丁香酸(2)、咖啡酸(3)、4-(3,4-二羟苯基)-3-丁烯-2-酮(4)、桦褐孔菌醇(5)、栓菌酸(6)、羊毛甾醇(7)和过氧麦角甾醇(8)。抗过敏活性实验显示,桦褐孔菌醇(5)在4.96、9.92和15.50 μmol/L浓度的脱颗粒率分别为51.03%、30.53%和23.07%,均能显著抑制肥大细胞脱颗粒,具有明显的抗敏舒缓效果。此外,桦褐孔菌醇(5)在15.50 μmol/L浓度以下未表现出明显的细胞毒性,有望用于开发新型抗敏药物。本文研究结果为桦褐孔菌功能性产品开发提供了重要参考。

桦褐孔菌  /  桦褐孔菌醇  /  羊毛甾醇  /  抗过敏活性

Inonotus obliquus is a medicinal and edible fungus traditionally used for treating diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hepatitis, and related disorders. In this study, by use of solvent extraction and chromatographic techniques (reversed-phase silica gel, normal-phase silica gel, and Sephadex LH-20), eight compounds were isolated from I. obliquus. Based on nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic data, these compounds were identified as gallic acid (1), syringic acid (2), caffeic acid (3), 4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-buten-2-one (4), inotodiol (5), cortinellin (6), lanosterol (7), and peroxide ergosterol (8). Anti-allergic activity assays demonstrated that inotodiol (5) significantly inhibited mast cell degranulation at concentrations of 4.96, 9.92, and 15.50 μmol/L, with inhibition rates of 51.03%, 30.53%, and 23.07%, respectively, indicating potent anti-allergic efficacy. Notably, inotodiol (5) exhibited unobserved cytotoxicity at concentrations up to 15.50 μmol/L, highlighting its potential as a candidate for novel anti-allergic drug development.

Inonotus obliquus  /  inotodiol  /  lanosterol  /  anti-allergic activity
李海燕, 张慧敏, 陈烜著, 吴峰, 陈维广, 郑永标. 桦褐孔菌的化学成分及抗过敏活性. 菌物学报, 2026 , 45 (1) : 250204 - . DOI: 10.13346/j.mycosystema.250204
Haiyan LI, Huimin ZHANG, Xuanzhu CHEN, Feng WU, Weiguang CHEN, Yongbiao ZHENG. Chemical constituents and anti-allergic activities of Inonotus obliquus[J]. Mycosystema, 2026 , 45 (1) : 250204 - . DOI: 10.13346/j.mycosystema.250204
桦褐孔菌Inonotus obliquus (Fr.) Pilát俗称为白桦茸(姜李红等 2022;Ern et al. 2024),属于真菌界Fungi、担子菌门Basidiomycota、蘑菇纲Agaricomycetes、锈革孔菌目Hymenochaetales、锈革孔菌科Hymenochaetaceae、纤孔菌属Inonotus真菌(戴玉成和李玉 2011;Wu et al. 2022;孙勇等 2023),主要分布于亚洲、欧洲以及北美地区(Yang et al. 2021)。桦褐孔菌含多糖(Lu et al. 2021)、多酚(郝瑞林等 2023)、甾醇类化合物(Szychowski et al. 2021)、萜类化合物(Zou et al. 2020)、黑色素(Burmasova et al. 2019)等多种活性物质,具有抗菌(Garádi et al. 2021)、抗炎(Kou et al. 2021)、抗癌(魏艳梅等 2020)、抗氧化(张博川 2020)、抗过敏(Tian et al. 2022)、降血脂(Ding et al. 2024)等多种药理作用,已广泛用于治疗炎症、心血管疾病、糖尿病和癌症等(Szychowski et al. 2018;Anwaier et al. 2021)。如Yang et al. (2021)通过建立油酸诱导的HepG2 (人肝癌细胞)细胞模型和高脂肪饮食诱导的小鼠模型发现了桦褐孔菌多糖在体内和体外均具有一定的降脂作用;Park et al. (2021)从桦褐孔菌中分离出两种羊毛甾烷型三萜化合物(inotodiol和inonotsutriols A),在BV2细胞中评估了它们对脂多糖诱导的NO产生的抑制活性,结果显示,在30 μmol/L浓度下这两种化合物可以显著抑制NO的产生,表现出一定的抗炎活性。Wang et al. (2021)以DPPH和羟自由基清除率为指标,评价了桦褐孔菌多酚的抗氧化活性,结果表明其具有较强的铁离子还原抗氧化能力。Cui et al. (2005)使用HaCaT细胞(人永生化角质形成细胞)构建了过氧化氢诱导的氧化应激模型,发现桦褐孔菌多酚类提取物可以有效防护过氧化氢所诱导的氧化损伤;Niu et al. (2016)从桦褐孔菌碱提取物中分离得到了3种木质素复合物,在体外均表现出显著的还原能力,对DPPH和羟基自由基也具有较强的清除活性,这些研究都表明,桦褐孔菌多酚具有开发天然抗氧化剂的潜力。桦褐孔菌提取物能有效降低 2 型糖尿病小鼠模型的血糖水平,改善脂质代谢紊乱与氧化应激水平(马传贵等 2022)。刘超楠和周晓霜(2024)通过建立小鼠糖尿病肾病模型发现,桦褐孔菌黄酮可以改善糖尿病肾病小鼠的免疫功能。乔羽等(2023)通过动物模型及细胞学实验发现,桦褐孔菌醇提取物对胃癌模型呈现出显著的抑制效果。Wold et al. (2020)从桦褐孔菌菌核中获得的水溶性黑色素可以抑制脂多糖和干扰素γ诱导的C57BL/6原代巨噬细胞中NO产生,同时在人补体实验中也表现出了一定的活性,这表明桦褐孔菌黑色素具有抗炎和免疫调节作用。由此可见,桦褐孔菌的活性成分具有广阔的应用前景。
本文采用溶剂萃取和多种色谱技术对桦褐孔菌主要的小分子化学成分进行系统分离和鉴定,为桦褐孔菌的功能性产品研发提供化学物质基础,并开展相关的生物活性测试。
桦褐孔菌菌核由福州碧昂缇生物科技有限公司提供。
氘代甲醇、氘代DMSO (二甲基亚砜)、氘代氯仿、氘代水(青岛腾龙微波科技有限公司)、核磁管(Norell ST500-7)、高糖DMEM培养液(VivaCell)、胎牛血清(Gibco)、PBS (VivaCell)、CCK-8 (碧云天)、胰蛋白酶(Gibco)。
核磁共振(JNM-ECZ600R/S1)、中压制备色谱(QuikSepP0050D-Ⅱ)、高效液相色谱仪(Thermo UltiMate 3000)、超净工作台(ZHJH-C1112B)、离心浓缩仪(Centri Vap,Labconco公司)、旋转蒸发仪(Buchi)、高压灭菌锅(Autoclave G154DW)、自动收集器(BS-100N,上海沪西)、电子天平(BSA224S,Sartorius)、生化培养箱(SHP-150,精宏实验设备有限公司)、恒温摇床(ZEIWY- 2112B,青岛腾龙)、纯水仪(RODI-220A1,厦门锐思捷纯化技术公司)、CO2培养箱(160i,Thermo)、生物安全柜(BSC-1604ⅡA2,苏净安泰)、倒置显微镜(DMi8, 徕卡)、酶标仪(Tecan, Spark)。耗材包括:反相柱层析硅胶RP C-18(青岛海洋化工有限公司)、正相柱层析硅胶(200-300目,青岛海洋化工有限公司)、凝胶柱层析Sephadex LH-20 (GE Life Science生物制药有限公司)、薄层层析硅胶板(HSGF254,烟台江友硅胶开发有限公司)。
将200 g桦褐孔菌菌核粉末用1 L甲醇超声辅助提取30 min,静置过夜后,使用旋转蒸发仪浓缩至膏状,得到7.50 g甲醇提取物。然后加入等量的纯水和乙酸乙酯萃取3次,有机相用无水硫酸钠脱水过滤后,浓缩至膏状,得到4.90 g桦褐孔菌粗提物。
将4.90 g粗提物通过反相硅胶柱层析(RP-18, 170g)分离,使用不同浓度的甲醇水(0、30%、50%、70%和100%)作为洗脱剂进行梯度洗脱,每个梯度洗脱1.5 L,根据TLC分析结果,将相似组分合并。以纯水为洗脱剂,获得组分Fr.1 (100.3 mg)和Fr.2 (27.0 mg);以30%甲醇为洗脱剂,获得组分Fr.3 (385.6 mg)和Fr.4 (346.4 mg);以50%甲醇为洗脱剂,获得组分Fr.5 (1 002.9 mg);以70%甲醇为洗脱剂,获得组分Fr.6 (770.6 mg);以100%甲醇为洗脱剂,获得组分Fr.7 (1 716.3 mg)和Fr.8 (250.5mg)。
组分Fr.2 (27.0 mg)通过液相制备柱(HYPRRGLD, 250 mm × 10 mm, 5 μm)进行分离纯化,流动相为10%甲醇,流速5.0 mL/min,进样量100 μL,温度25 ℃,检测波长220、254、280和365 nm,收集保留时间为20 min的洗脱峰,获得化合物1 (7.5 mg)。组分Fr.3 (385.6 mg)采用Sephadex LH-20凝胶层析作进一步纯化,分离得到6个亚组分(Fr.3.1-Fr.3.6),将Fr.3.3进行正相硅胶柱层析,然后进行HPLC制备(甲醇-水20:80,5.0 mL/min,tR=14.5 min),获得化合物2 (3.9 mg)。将Fr.3.5进行正相硅胶柱层析,以不同比例的氯仿-甲醇为洗脱液,当氯仿:甲醇为200:1时,洗脱得到化合物3 (2.5 mg)。组分Fr.4 (346.4 mg)使用Sephadex LH-20凝胶层析进行分离纯化,得到8个亚组分(Fr.4.1-Fr.4.8),将Fr.4.6使用反相硅胶柱层析进行分离,以不同浓度的甲醇水为洗脱剂,当以30%甲醇为洗脱剂时,获得组分Fr.4.6.3 (37.3 mg),然后继续使用正相硅胶柱层析,当氯仿:甲醇为100:1时,洗脱得到化合物4 (5.0 mg)。组分Fr.7 (1 716.3 mg)与Fr.8 (250.5 mg)合并为Fr.9 (1 966.8 mg),经反相硅胶柱层析(甲醇-水,体积比,70:30、85:15、100:1),得到了6个亚组分(Fr.9.1-Fr.9.4)。将Fr.9.3与Fr.9.4合并为Fr.9.7,Fr.9.7继续使用Sephadex LH-20凝胶层析,得到了Fr.9.7.2,然后进行HPLC制备,当甲醇:水=90:10,流速为5.0 mL/min,tR=16.0 min,获得了化合物5 (14.2 mg);当甲醇:水=95:5,流速为5.0 mL/min,tR=23.0 min,获得了化合物6 (5.3 mg)。组分Fr.9.5继续进行正相硅胶柱层析,当石油醚:乙酸乙酯=500:1获得Fr.9.5.1、石油醚:乙酸乙酯=15:1获得Fr.9.5.2,Fr.9.5.1进行HPLC制备(甲醇-水100:0,5.0 mL/min,tR=6.5 min)获得化合物7 (4.2 mg),Fr.9.5.2进行HPLC制备(甲醇-水 100:0,5.0 mL/min,tR=5.0 min)获得化合物8 (3.4 mg)。
将分离所得的化合物选择合适的氘代试剂充分溶解之后,进行1H-NMR和13C-NMR波谱检测分析。
化合物5是桦褐孔菌特有的、含量较为丰富的化合物之一,因此选用其进行抗过敏活性实验,本文抗过敏活性实验采用Hawk et al. (1980)的方法并稍作修改,先以CCK-8法来检测细胞毒性,通过细胞存活率检测化合物对小鼠肥大细胞瘤细胞(P815)的毒性。采用C48/80刺激肥大细胞建立脱颗粒模型,通过细胞形态学观察和脱颗粒率来评价化合物的舒缓功效。
细胞毒性实验:将P815细胞接种至96孔板,过夜培养(37 ℃、5% CO2),实验设样品组、对照组、阳性对照组、凋零组(吸光值校正)。样品组设置8个浓度梯度,初始浓度为1.24 mmol/L,使用PBS依次稀释为124.00、62.00、31.00、15.50、7.75、3.88、1.94、0.97 μmol/L。待细胞铺板率达到40%-60%时,样品组加入200 μL含有相应浓度样品的培养液;对照组加入200 μL 10%的PBS;阳性对照组加入200 μL 10%的DMSO;凋零组无细胞仅加入200 μL细胞培养液,然后培养2 h (37 ℃、5% CO2),弃去上清,加入CCK-8工作液,避光培养2 h (37 ℃),最后在450 nm处测量OD值,细胞相对活力依据公式(1)计算。
P815细胞脱颗粒实验:将P815细胞接种至24孔板,过夜培养(37 ℃、5% CO2),实验设空白对照组(BC)、阴性对照组(NC)、阳性对照组(PC)和样品组,其中样品组设3个浓度:15.50、9.92和4.96 μmol/L,每组设有3个重复。待细胞铺板率达到40%-50%时,空白组加入1 mL无血清高糖DMEM培养液;阴性对照组加入1 mL含C48/80 (100 μg/mL)的无血清高糖DMEM培养液;阳性对照组添加1 mL含有C48/80和色甘酸钠(1 mg/mL)的无血清高糖DMEM培养液;样品组加入1 mL含C48/80和相应样品给药浓度的无血清高糖DMEM培养液。培养2 h (37 ℃、5% CO2),弃液。再加入C48/80刺激45 min,用冰浴终止反应,然后在显微镜下观察各组细胞的脱颗粒情况,并拍照记录,脱颗粒率依据公式(2)计算。
$\text { 细胞相对活力 }=\frac{O D_{\text {样品孔 }}-O D_{\text {调電孔 }}}{O D_{\text {溶剂对照孔 }}-O D_{\text {淍零孔 }}}$
$\begin{array}{l}\text { 脱颗粒率 }(100 \%)=\\\frac{\text { 脱颗粒细胞总数 }}{\text { 脱颗粒细胞总数 }+ \text { 未脱颗粒细胞总数 }} \times 100 \%\end{array}$
化合物1 (7.5 mg),白色粉末状,易溶于水。1H NMR (600 MHz, D2O): δH 7.45 (1H, d, J=9.7 Hz, H-2), 7.44 (1H, s, H-6), 6.90 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz, H-5); 13C NMR (151 MHz, D2O): δC 122.08 (C-1), 117.19 (C-2), 143.67 (C-3), 149.44 (C-4), 115.59 (C-5), 123.72 (C-6), 170.60 (C-7)。根据1H NMR和13C NMR数据,化合物1被鉴定为原儿茶酸(图1) (Lv et al. 2014)。膳食补充原儿茶酸可以抑制肠道粪肠球菌Enterococcus faecalis介导的肉碱棕榈酰转移酶-1α (CPT1α)和成纤维细胞生长因子1 (Fgf1)表达下调,对预防代谢相关脂肪性肝病具有一定的作用(Tan et al. 2023)。此外,在抗皱或抗皮肤衰老治疗中也显示出潜力(Shin et al. 2020)。
化合物2 (3.9 mg),白色粉末状,可溶于甲醇。1H NMR (600 MHz, CD3OD): δH 7.33 (2H, s, H-2, H-6), 3.89 (6H, s, 3, 5-OCH3); 13C NMR (151 MHz, CD3OD): δC 121.84 (C-1), 108.31 (C-2, C-6), 148.82 (C-3, C-5), 141.54 (C-4), 170.46 (C-7), 56.76 (3, 5-OCH3)。根据1H NMR和13C NMR数据,化合物2被鉴定为丁香酸(图1) (Phadungkit & Luanratana 2006)。丁香酸可通过弱化DEP-1/PTP1B/αIIbβ3激酶通路,抑制纤维蛋白凝块形成、凝血因子活化和血小板刺激,从而减轻血栓形成及血栓栓塞的发展(Choi & Kim 2018)。
化合物3 (2.5 mg),黄色粉末状,可溶于甲醇。1H NMR (600 MHz, CD3OD): δH 7.53 (1H, d, J=15.8 Hz, H-7), 7.03 (1H, d, J=2.1 Hz, H-5), 6.93 (1H, dd, J=8.2, 2.1 Hz, H-6), 6.78 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz, H-2), 6.22 (1H, d, J=15.8 Hz, H-8); 13C NMR (151 MHz, CD3OD): δC 127.82 (C-1), 115.58 (C-2), 146.83 (C-3), 149.47 (C-4), 115.09 (C-5), 122.83 (C-6), 147.01 (C-7), 116.49 (C-8), 171.03 (-COOH)。根据1H NMR和13C NMR数据,化合物3被鉴定为咖啡酸(图1) (Zhou et al. 2007)。咖啡酸可通过抑制PI3K/Akt通路、MAPK通路和NF-κB信号传导,进而抑制血管内皮生长因子(VEGF),显示抑制癌细胞生长的作用(Pavlíková 2023)。
化合物4 (5.0 mg),黄色粉末状,溶于甲醇。1H NMR (600 MHz, CD3OD): δH 7.47 (1H, d, J=16.2 Hz, H-7), 7.05-7.03 (2H, m, H-2), 6.95 (1H, ddd, J=8.1, 2.1, 0.5 Hz, H-6), 6.75 (1H, d, J=8.2 Hz, H-5), 6.51 (1H, d, J=16.2 Hz, H-8), 2.29 (3H, s, H3-10); 13C NMR (151 MHz, CD3OD): δC 127.75 (C-1), 115.33 (C-2), 146.89 (C-3), 149.96 (C-4), 116.57 (C-5), 123.52 (C-6), 146.83 (C-7), 124.72 (C-8), 201.62 (C-9), 26.99 (C-10)。根据1H NMR和13C NMR数据,化合物4被鉴定为4-(3,4-二羟苯基)-3-丁烯-2-酮(图1) (Ohmura et al. 1989)。4-(3,4-二羟苯基)-3-丁烯-2-酮可通过抑制脂质过氧化和激活自由基清除酶来对抗NAP诱导的胃窦溃疡(Kim et al. 2016)。
化合物5 (14.2 mg),白色粉末状,溶于氯仿。1H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3): δH 5.18 (1H, d, J=7.3 Hz, H-24), 3.66 (1H, dd, J=8.4, 4.2 Hz,H-22), 3.23 (1H, dd, J=11.7, 4.4 Hz, H-3), 2.05 (1H, s, H-23), 2.02 (1H, s, H-7), 1.81 (1H, s, H-11), 1.78 (1H, d, J=9.4 Hz, H-16), 1.74 (3H, s, H3-27), 1.72 (1H, s, H-2), 1.69 (1H, d, J=2.6 Hz, H-1), 1.65 (3H, s, H3-26), 1.62 (1H, d, J=7.6 Hz, H-12), 1.58-1.55 (1H, m, H-6), 1.45-1.38 (1H, m, H-15), 1.20 (1H, d, J=8.3 Hz, H-20), 1.06 (1H, s, H-17), 1.03 (1H, s, H-5), 0.99 (3H, s, H3-29), 0.97 (3H, s, H3-19), 0.94 (3H, d, J=6.7 Hz, H3-21), 0.87 (3H, s, H3-30), 0.80 (3H, s, H-18), 0.72 (3H, s, H3-28); 13C NMR (151 MHz, CDCl3): δC 35.68 (C-1), 28.08 (C-2), 79.09 (C-3), 39.01 (C-4), 50.48 (C-5), 19.26 (C-6), 29.19 (C-7), 134.67 (C-8), 134.30 (C-9), 37.13 (C-10), 21.11 (C-11), 26.62 (C-12), 44.96 (C-13), 49.51 (C-14), 31.07 (C-15), 31.05 (C-16), 47.36 (C-17), 15.80 (C-18), 18.35 (C-19), 41.76 (C-20), 12.74 (C-21), 73.47 (C-22), 27.35 (C-23), 121.47 (C-24), 135.36 (C-25), 26.14 (C-26), 17.91 (C-27), 27.94 (C-28), 15.55 (C-29), 24.43 (C-30)。根据1H NMR和13C NMR数据,化合物5被鉴定为桦褐孔菌醇(图1) (Yan et al. 2014)。桦褐孔菌醇在25-100 μg/mL浓度范围内,可以使Ki-67抗原表达下调,并呈浓度依赖效应,表明桦褐孔菌醇具有抗人卵巢癌SKOV3细胞增殖和诱导细胞凋亡的作用(白杨等 2013);桦褐孔菌醇还能显著抑制二甲苯诱导的小鼠耳肿胀,并可显著降低血管通透性,具有良好的抗炎活性,它还可以防止基因突变,从基因水平上预防肿瘤的发生(赵卓卓等 2018)。此外,桦褐孔菌醇提取物还具有抗氧化和降血脂功能(梁丽雅等 2012)。
化合物6 (5.3 mg),白色粉末状,溶于氯仿。1H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO): δH 5.07 (1H, d, J=7.3 Hz, H-24), 4.02 (1H, d, J=7.2 Hz, H-3), 2.99 (1H, d, J=6.5 Hz, H-3a), 2.07 (1H, d, J=3.6 Hz, H-20), 1.91 (1H, s, H-7), 1.88 (1H, s, H-11), 1.85 (1H, s, H-24), 1.84 (1H, s, H-16), 1.63 (3H, s, H3-27), 1.56 (1H, s, H-6), 1.54 (1H, s, H-22), 1.53 (3H, s, H3-26), 1.48 (1H, s, H-17), 1.45 (1H, s, H-2), 1.40 (1H, s, H-1), 1.38 (1H, s, H-12), 1.28 (1H, s, H-15), 1.23 (1H, s, H-5), 1.17 (3H, s, H3-29), 0.90 (3H, s, H3-30), 0.82 (3H, s, H3-28), 0.69 (3H, s, H3-18), 0.68 (3H, s, H3-19); 13C NMR (151 MHz, DMSO): δC 35.25 (C-1), 28.40 (C-2), 76.79 (C-3), 43.82 (C-4), 50.07 (C-5), 19.00 (C-6), 28.14 (C-7), 134.31 (C-8), 133.42 (C-9), 36.60 (C-10), 20.79 (C-11), 25.98 (C-12), 46.61 (C-13), 49.01 (C-14), 32.31 (C-15), 30.05 (C-16), 48.63 (C-17), 15.86 (C-18), 17.89 (C-19), 47.66 (C-20), 177.18 (C-21), 26.50 (C-22), 25.61 (C-23), 123.95 (C-24), 131.12 (C-25), 25.50 (C-26), 17.48 (C-27), 15.66 (C-28), 27.60 (C-29), 24.09 (C-30)。根据1H NMR和13C NMR数据,化合物6被鉴定为栓菌酸(图1) (Zhao et al. 2016)。栓菌酸可通过激活Nrf2/HO-1通路增强抗氧化能力,同时抑制NF-κB通路减少炎症因子释放,从而改善肾功能和肾纤维化(Duan et al. 2022)。
化合物7 (4.2 mg),白色粉末,溶于氯仿。1H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3): δH 5.10 (1H, d, J=7.2 Hz, H-24), 3.23 (1H. dd, J=11.5, 4.5 Hz, H-3), 2.03 (1H, s, H-7), 2.01 (1H, s, H-11), 2.00 (1H, s, H-23), 1.92 (1H, s, H-16), 1.85 (1H, s, H-2), 1.68 (3H, s, H3-26), 1.60 (3H, s, H3-27), 1.58 (1H, s, H-1), 1.56 (1H, s, H-12), 1.52 (1H, s, H-6), 1.50 (1H, s, H-22), 1.49 (1H, s, H-15), 1.30 (1H, s, H-20), 1.17 (1H, s, H-17), 1.06 (1H, s, H-5), 1.00 (1H, s, H3-28), 0.98 (3H, s, H3-19), 0.91 (3H, d, J=6.3 Hz, H3-21), 0.87 (3H, s, H3-30), 0.81 (3H, s, H3-29), 0.69 (3H, s, H3-18); 13C NMR (151 MHz, CDCl3): δC 35.71 (C-1), 26.63 (C-2), 79.14 (C-3), 39.02 (C-4), 50.52 (C-5), 18.77 (C-6), 27.98 (C-7), 134.52 (C-8), 134.54 (C-9), 37.15 (C-10), 21.13 (C-11), 28.34 (C-12), 44.60 (C-13), 49.94 (C-14), 31.11 (C-15), 30.98 (C-16), 53.58 (C-17), 15.88 (C-18), 19.28(C-19), 36.40 (C-20), 18.38 (C-21), 36.49 (C-22), 25.05 (C-23), 125.39 (C-24), 131.09 (C-25), 25.88 (C-26), 17.78 (C-27), 28.09 (C-28), 15.56 (C-29), 24.39 (C-30)。根据1H NMR和13C NMR数据,化合物7被鉴定为羊毛甾醇(图1) (Leong & Harrison 1999)。羊毛甾醇可通过诱导线粒体解偶联,减少活性氧生成,保护多巴胺能神经元免受氧化损伤,在构建的帕金森病小鼠模型中表现出了一定的神经保护作用(Lim et al. 2012)。
化合物8 (3.4 mg),白色粉末,溶于氯仿。1H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3): δH 6.50 (1H, d, J=8.3 Hz, H-7), 6.24 (1H, d, J=8.5 Hz, H-6), 5.22 (1H, dd, J=15.4, 7.6 Hz, H-23), 5.14 (1H, dd, J=15.5, 8.1 Hz, H-22), 3.97 (1H, dt, J=11.5, 7.3 Hz, H-3), 2.11 (1H, dd, J=13.9, 4.9 Hz, H-20), 2.01 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz, H-24), 1.95 (1H, d, J=5.4 Hz, H-15), 1.90 (1H, d, J=13.3 Hz, H-16), 1.85 (1H, d, J=7.0 Hz, H-4), 1.70 (1H, s, H-2), 1.68 (1H, s, H-25), 1.59 (1H, s, H-11), 1.55 (1H, s, H-12), 1.50 (1H, s, H-1), 1.24 (1H, s, H-17), 1.22 (2H, s, H-9, H-14), 1.00 (3H, d, J=6.0 Hz, H3-21), 0.92-0.89 (3H, m, H3-28), 0.88 (3H, s, H3-19), 0.83(3H, s, H3-26), 0.82 (3H, s, H3-18), 0.81 (3H, s, H3-27); 13C NMR (151 MHz, CDCl3): δC 34.82 (C-1), 30.25 (C-2), 66.62 (C-3), 37.09 (C-4), 82.30 (C-5), 135.56 (C-6), 130.89 (C-7), 79.57 (C-8), 51.20 (C-9), 37.06 (C-10), 23.53 (C-11), 39.47 (C-12), 44.69 (C-13), 51.81 (C-14), 20.76 (C-15), 28.79 (C-16), 56.32 (C-17), 13.00 (C-18), 18.31 (C-19), 39.88 (C-20), 21.01 (C-21), 135.35 (C-22), 132.45 (C-23), 42.90 (C-24), 33.20 (C-25), 19.78 (C-26), 20.09 (C-27), 17.69 (C-28)。根据1H NMR和13C NMR数据,化合物8被鉴定为过氧麦角甾醇(图1) (姜李红等 2022)。过氧麦角甾醇具有促进肿瘤细胞凋亡、抗氧化、抗动脉粥样硬化等广泛药理作用(黄花芳 2020)。
细胞毒性实验是通过细胞的存活率来评价化合物5对P815细胞的毒害作用,结果显示,对照组细胞活率为(100±3.05)%;阳性对照组细胞活率为(20.30±5.59)%;样品组在124.00、62.00、31.00、15.50、7.75、3.88、1.94、0.97 μmol/L浓度下的细胞活率分别为(17.33±0.93)%、(45.94± 2.64)%、(69.22±1.93)%、(95.86±1.76)%、(103.75± 0.30)%、(102.43±0.90)%、(108.38±4.87)%、(124.62± 1.52)%。实验结果表明样品在15.50 μmol/L浓度范围内未表现出P815细胞毒性,在该浓度内设置3个浓度梯度,进行下一步肥大细胞脱颗粒实验。
细胞脱颗粒实验是以C48/80为刺激剂,刺激肥大细胞从而建立脱颗粒模型,以可以稳定肥大细胞膜抑制脱颗粒的色甘酸钠为阳性对照,脱颗粒率与抗过敏活性成反比。空白对照组(BC)细胞形态完整,胞质内颗粒密集且分布均匀,几乎无颗粒释放现象,脱颗粒率均值为(0.63±0.26)%;阴性对照组(NC)细胞肿胀破裂,边界模糊,胞质内颗粒减少或出现空泡,细胞周边可见有大量颗粒物质,脱颗粒率为(79.08±2.85)%,与BC组相比脱颗粒率显著提高(P<0.01) (图2图3),说明本实验脱颗粒模型建立成功;阳性对照组(PC)细胞形态接近空白对照组,细胞膜边界清晰,胞质内颗粒完整,几乎无颗粒向外释放,脱颗粒率为(2.79±0.43)%,显著低于阴性对照组(P<0.01),表明阳性对照检测有效。当样品浓度为4.96 μmol/L时,部分细胞出现肿胀破裂,颗粒物质释放,脱颗粒率为(51.03±3.54)%;浓度为9.92 μmol/L时,多数细胞形态完整,少数细胞周围可见颗粒物质释放,脱颗粒率为(30.53±1.16)%;浓度为15.50 μmol/L时,多数细胞形态完整,胞质内颗粒清晰可见,脱颗粒率为(23.07±1.40)%。结果表明,桦褐孔菌醇(5)在4.96、9.92和15.50 μmol/L浓度下,均能显著抑制肥大细胞脱颗粒(P<0.01),且呈现明显的剂量-效应关系。
本文从桦褐孔菌菌核分离得到8个化合物。其中3个为酚酸类化合物:原儿茶酸(1)、丁香酸(2)、咖啡酸(3)。这些化合物是中药中常见的次生代谢产物,广泛分布于植物界中,许多酚酸及其衍生物已被用于药物研发,如阿司匹林通过不可逆抑制环氧化酶的活性,减少炎性介质和血管活性物质的产生(王学蕾 2025)。1个为多酚类化合物:4-(3,4-二羟苯基)-3-丁烯-2-酮(4),该化合物对人肺癌细胞系H526、人前列腺癌细胞系DU145和白血病细胞系HEL具有明显抑制效果,且对正常仓鼠细胞无明显毒性(丁云云等 2016),具有抗癌药物的研发潜力。3个为三萜类化合物:桦褐孔菌醇(5)、栓菌酸(6)、羊毛甾醇(7),对各种癌细胞都具有一定的抑制作用(Kim et al. 2020),对d-半乳糖胺诱导的WB-F344细胞损伤有保肝作用(Liu et al. 2014),其衍生物还具有抗肿瘤、抗炎、免疫调节及脏器保护等多种药理活性(Taji et al. 2008;邓丽颖等 2018)。1个为甾醇类化合物:过氧麦角甾醇(8),桦褐孔菌甾醇以羊毛甾烷型三萜类化合物为主,具有抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗炎活性等活性(向超 2012;赵芬琴等 2012;鞠春梅 2022)。
过敏是人体接触过敏原后引起的一系列超敏反应(潘金晓等 2024)。当机体首次接触过敏原时,会产生IgE,它会与肥大细胞表面的高亲和力受体(FceRI)结合,使机体致敏。再次接触相同过敏原时,过敏原会与肥大细胞表面的IgE特异性结合,释放一系列过敏介质至细胞外。随后,肥大细胞会产生血小板活化因子(PAF)和细胞因子,维持过敏反应。因此,常见的抗过敏策略是抑制肥大细胞活化(傅斯琪等 2025)。本研究的抗过敏活性实验显示,桦褐孔菌醇(5)在15.50 μmol/L浓度内无明显细胞毒性,且能显著抑制肥大细胞脱颗粒,具有一定的抗敏舒缓效果。抗过敏活性可以抑制免疫细胞异常活化,调节Th1/Th2免疫失衡,阻断炎症信号通路,缓解过敏性疾病引发的组织损伤与功能障碍。一些天然化合物具有抗过敏作用,如黄连多糖可缓解IgE介导的过敏症状,减少炎症标志物,恢复肠道微生物群的丰富性和多样性(Yin et al. 2025);槲皮素可通过稳定肥大细胞的细胞膜,抑制组胺及其他过敏介质的产生(Mlcek et al. 2016);人参皂苷对免疫调节有显著影响,也具有一定的抗过敏作用(Liu et al. 2018)。桦褐孔菌醇作为天然来源的三萜类化合物,具有低毒性、多靶点等优势,有望开发为新型抗敏药物。本文研究进一步揭示了桦褐孔菌的药用价值,其活性成分在医疗、生物防治、食品、保健等领域具有较大的开发潜力。
李海燕:论文构思与撰写、实验数据整理;张慧敏:论文构思、实验与数据管理;陈烜著:实验数据整理;吴峰、陈维广:提供实验材料与部分实验;郑永标:论文指导、审核与修改。
该研究不存在任何潜在利益冲突的商业或财务关系。
  • 福建省高校产学合作计划(2024N5005)
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2026年第45卷第1期
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doi: 10.13346/j.mycosystema.250204
  • 接收时间:2025-07-07
  • 首发时间:2026-04-30
  • 出版时间:2026-01-22
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-07
  • 录用日期:2025-09-10
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Fujian Provincial University-Industry Collaboration Program(2024N5005)
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    1 福建师范大学生命科学学院,福建 福州 350117
    2 福州碧昂缇生物科技有限公司,福建 福州 350108

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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