Article(id=1256518450508346319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, issueId=1256518442379763982, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13346/j.mycosystema.250269, pmid=null, cstr=32115.14.j.mycosystema.250269, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1757433600000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1760889600000, acceptedDateStr=2025-10-20, onlineDate=1777506943585, onlineDateStr=2026-04-30, pubDate=1774108800000, pubDateStr=2026-03-22, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1777506943585, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1777506943585, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1777506943585, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1256518442379763982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, year='2026', volume='45', issue='3', pageStart='240320', pageEnd='250282', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1777506941647, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1777507117568, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1256519180338213460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, issueId=1256518442379763982, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1256519180338213461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, issueId=1256518442379763982, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=250269, endPage=, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1256518452517417947, articleId=1256518450508346319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, language=EN, title=Research advance in the chemical modification methods and the biological activities of
Hericium erinaceus polysaccharides: a review, columnId=1256263566726934769, journalTitle=Mycosystema, columnName=Review, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Hericium erinaceus polysaccharides as the main active component extracted from H. erinaceus have many biological activities such as anti-oxidation, anti-tumor, and immune regulation. However, there are some limitations in solubility, bioavailability and activity intensity of natural H. erinaceus polysaccharides. In recent years, certain progress has been made in the studies of chemical modification, and structural features, having effects on the biological activities of H. erinaceus polysaccharides. In this paper, the recent advances in the study of chemical modification and biological activities of H. erinaceus polysaccharides are summarized, and the chemical modification methods of H. erinaceus polysaccharides through introducing new functional groups to substitute hydroxyl groups on the polysaccharide chains are elucidated. The changes in the structure and physicochemical properties of the chemically modified H erinaceus polysaccharides are introduced, and the alterations in biological activities and the underlying mechanisms of the chemically modified H. erinaceus polysaccharides are analyzed and discussed. It is expected that this work might provide a theoretical basis for further exploration of modification of H. erinaceus polysaccharides.
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猴头菇多糖是猴头菇中的主要活性成分,具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、调节免疫等多种生物活性。然而,天然猴头菇多糖存在溶解性、生物利用度和活性强度等局限,因此常通过化学修饰优化其性能。近年来有关猴头菇多糖的化学修饰、结构特征及其对生物活性的影响研究已有不少报道,但未见有相关综述性论文。本文通过系统梳理与整合分析现有文献,归纳了近年来猴头菇多糖化学修饰和生物活性方面的研究进展,阐述了包括硫酸化、乙酰化、磷酸化、硒化、羟乙基化等猴头菇多糖的化学修饰方法通过引入新的官能团取代多糖链上的羟基等基团,概括了猴头菇多糖化学修饰后的结构变化以及对猴头菇多糖的溶解性、电荷与稳定性、黏度与流变性、乳化性等理化性质的影响,分析了猴头菇多糖经化学修饰的生物活性变化及其机理。本文明确了猴头菇多糖的结构修饰与生物活性变化的相关性,为猴头菇及其他食用菌多糖修饰的进一步研究和应用提供参考。
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2024. Extraction and properties of
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2023. 基于网络药理学及分子对接技术探究猴头菇治疗慢性胃炎的潜在作用机制.
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2022. 硒化猴头菇多糖的制备、结构表征及抗增殖活性.
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2023. 模拟胃肠消化过程中猴头菌多酚类物质及其抗氧化活性的变化规律.
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2016. 不同来源猴头菌营养成分及其多糖化学组成和抗氧化活性比较.
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2023. 硒化猴头菇多糖PLGA纳米粒的制备及其免疫增强作用的研究.
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2023. 松口蘑的活性成分及其研究进展.
菌物学报,
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2021. 珍稀名贵食药用真菌块菌属的化学成分及药理活性研究进展.
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40(4): 873-894, articleTitle=珍稀名贵食药用真菌块菌属的化学成分及药理活性研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256518509572534769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518450508346319, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=104, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[85], rfOrder=84, authorNames=廖兵武, journalName=华南理工大学博士论文,广州, refType=null, unstructuredReference=廖兵武,
2023. 猴头菇多糖及其磷酸化衍生物对GES-1细胞损伤的保护作用研究.
华南理工大学博士论文,广州. 1-104, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256518509660615155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518450508346319, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=35, issue=23, pageStart=297, pageEnd=302, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[86], rfOrder=85, authorNames=卢可可, 张月巧, 袁娅, 明建, journalName=食品科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=卢可可, 张月巧, 袁娅, 明建,
2014. 硫酸化修饰多糖抗肿瘤活性构效关系及分子机制研究进展.
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2014. 多糖的化学修饰对其生物活性影响研究进展.
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2018. 猴头菇多糖的肿瘤免疫治疗功效研究.
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2020. 羟乙基化猴头菇多糖对小鼠树突状细胞和自然杀伤细胞相互作用的影响.
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2011. 小刺猴头菌硫酸化多糖的制备与活性研究.
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2018. 猴头菇多糖的乙酰化修饰及其抗氧化活性研究.
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2009. 硫酸酯化猴头菌多糖的结构与构象分析.
食品与发酵工业,
35(3): 64-67, articleTitle=硫酸酯化猴头菌多糖的结构与构象分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256518510444950016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518450508346319, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=44, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[93], rfOrder=92, authorNames=周艳, journalName=黑龙江大学硕士论文,哈尔滨, refType=null, unstructuredReference=周艳,
2021. 猴头菌多糖的硫酸化修饰及生物活性研究.
黑龙江大学硕士论文,哈尔滨. 1-44, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1256518494384959775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518450508346319, awardId=2025C01101, language=EN, fundingSource=Zhejiang Provincial Key Research and Development Program(2025C01101), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1256518494473040162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518450508346319, awardId=2025C01101, language=CN, fundingSource=浙江省“尖兵领雁+X”科技计划项目(2025C01101), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1256518494556926244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518450508346319, awardId=LLSSZ25C200001, language=EN, fundingSource=Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(LLSSZ25C200001), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1256518494653395239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518450508346319, awardId=LLSSZ25C200001, language=CN, fundingSource=浙江省自然科学基金(LLSSZ25C200001), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1256518467537219646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518450508346319, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1256518467667243073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518450508346319, companyId=1256518467537219646, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1256518467692408899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518450508346319, companyId=1256518467537219646, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 浙江工业大学食品科学与工程学院,浙江 杭州 310014)]), AuthorCompany(id=1256518468015370313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518450508346319, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1256518468086673483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518450508346319, companyId=1256518468015370313, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Zhejiang Wiseplus Health Technology Co. Ltd., Lishui 323006, Zhejiang, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1256518468371886157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518450508346319, companyId=1256518468015370313, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 浙江慧和健康科技有限公司,浙江 丽水 323006)]), AuthorCompany(id=1256518468837453908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518450508346319, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1256518468854231126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518450508346319, companyId=1256518468837453908, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui 323000, Zhejiang, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1256518468879396953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518450508346319, companyId=1256518468837453908, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 丽水市农林科学研究院,浙江 丽水 323000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1256518489502789870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518450508346319, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=
The biological activities of chemically modified Hericium erinaceus polysaccharides (HEP)., figureFileSmall=GddQm9zGgxdq+OpWx48edQ==, figureFileBig=M3zNUgd64v2ncxAi+a+xMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256518490131935474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518450508346319, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
化学修饰猴头菇多糖的生物活性, figureFileSmall=GddQm9zGgxdq+OpWx48edQ==, figureFileBig=M3zNUgd64v2ncxAi+a+xMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256518490819801336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518450508346319, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=
Biological activity mechanism of polysaccharides. A: Antioxidative activity (Zhan et al. 2022); B: Immunomodulatory activity (Yang et al. 2022); C: Antitumor activity (Xie et al. 2020); D: Gastroprotective activity (Wang et al. 2018)., figureFileSmall=Nwp38NEGeQy87pird3cQkA==, figureFileBig=OgBOCy+qcOUssMMar9AEHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256518491256008956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518450508346319, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
多糖的生物活性机制 A:抗氧化活性(Zhan et al. 2022);B:免疫调节活性(Yang et al. 2022);C:抗肿瘤活性(Xie et al. 2020);D:保护胃黏膜(Wang et al. 2018), figureFileSmall=Nwp38NEGeQy87pird3cQkA==, figureFileBig=OgBOCy+qcOUssMMar9AEHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256518491637690626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518450508346319, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Structural characteristics of Hericium erinaceus polysaccharides
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
来源 Sources | 提取方法 Extraction methods | 单糖组成 Monosaccharide composition | 分子量 Molecular weight /kDa | 糖苷键 Glycosidic bond | 参考文献 References |
子实体 Fruiting body | 热水提取 Hot water extraction | Fuc/Glc-HCl/Gal/ Glc/Xyl/Man= 0.098/0.009/0.476/ 0.369/0.004/0.043 | 16.3 | - | Li et al. 2024 |
| 热水提取 Hot water extraction | Rha/Fuc/Man/Glc/ Gal = 1.47/0.93/ 1.36/8.68/4.08 | 18.3 | (1→)-α-D-Glc, (1→3,4)-α-D-Glc, (1→6)-α-D-Gal, (1→3,4)-β-D-Man, (1→3)-α-Rha, (1→2)-β-L-Fuc | Wu et al. 2018; 古佩娴等 2022 Wu et al. 2018; Gu et al. 2022 |
| 热水提取 Hot water extraction | Man (5.13%), Glc (43.02%), Gal (51.85%) | 12.713 | - | 廖兵武 2023 Liao 2023 |
| 热水提取 Hot water extraction | Glc/Man/Gal= 1.47:0.21:1.00 | - | - | 周艳 2021 Zhou 2021 |
| 热水提取 Hot water extraction | Glc/Gal/Man/Ara= 50.80/42.30/4.58/2.29 | 16.15 | - | Luo et al. 2020; Qin et al. 2017; Ren et al. 2017 |
| 热水提取 Hot water extraction | - | - | - | 徐兵等 2018 Xu et al. 2018 |
| 碱提取 Alkali extraction | Glc (67.0 g/100 g) | 5 400, 290 | (1→)-β-D-Glc, (1→3)-β-D-Glc, (1→3,6)-β-D-Glc, (1→6)-β-D-Glc | Wang et al. 2019b |
| 碱提取 Alkali extraction | Glc | 538 | (1→)-Glc, (1→3)-Glc, (1→3,6)-Glc | 张安强等 2009 Zhang et al. 2009 |
| 酶辅助提取 Enzyme assisted extraction | Glc (53.5%), Rha (10.0%), Man (1.2%) and Gal (0.4%) | 5.6 | (1→)-α-L-Rha, (1→)-β-D-Glc, (1→6)-β-D-Glc, (1→3, 6)-β-D-Glc | Liu et al. 2021 |
| 酶-微波辅助提取 Enzyme-microwave assisted extraction | Glc/Gal/Fuc = 12.07/6.23/0.02; 18.79/10.22/0.49; 14.52/13.91/0.52; 20.84/19.07/1.57; 9.14/8.79/1.19 (HEP from different geographical origins) | - | - | 何晋浙等 2016 He et al. 2016 |
发酵菌丝体 Fermented mycelium | 热水提取 Hot water extraction | Gal, Glc, Man, Glc-UA | 36.1 | (1→3)-β-D-Glc, (1→6)-β-D-Glc, (1→3,6)-β-D-Glc, (1→6)-α-D-Gal, (1→)-β-D-Man, (1→2)-α-D-Man | Hu et al. 2021 |
| 酶-微波辅助提取 Enzyme-microwave assisted extraction | Glc:Gal:Fuc = 2.21: 7.71:1.39 | - | - | 何晋浙等 2016 He et al. 2016 |
液体深层 发酵浸膏 Liquid submerged fermentation extract | 热水提取 Hot water extraction | - | 43.3 | - | 王新宇 2011 Wang 2011 |
), ArticleFig(id=1256518491801268485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518450508346319, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
猴头菇多糖的结构特征
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
来源 Sources | 提取方法 Extraction methods | 单糖组成 Monosaccharide composition | 分子量 Molecular weight /kDa | 糖苷键 Glycosidic bond | 参考文献 References |
子实体 Fruiting body | 热水提取 Hot water extraction | Fuc/Glc-HCl/Gal/ Glc/Xyl/Man= 0.098/0.009/0.476/ 0.369/0.004/0.043 | 16.3 | - | Li et al. 2024 |
| 热水提取 Hot water extraction | Rha/Fuc/Man/Glc/ Gal = 1.47/0.93/ 1.36/8.68/4.08 | 18.3 | (1→)-α-D-Glc, (1→3,4)-α-D-Glc, (1→6)-α-D-Gal, (1→3,4)-β-D-Man, (1→3)-α-Rha, (1→2)-β-L-Fuc | Wu et al. 2018; 古佩娴等 2022 Wu et al. 2018; Gu et al. 2022 |
| 热水提取 Hot water extraction | Man (5.13%), Glc (43.02%), Gal (51.85%) | 12.713 | - | 廖兵武 2023 Liao 2023 |
| 热水提取 Hot water extraction | Glc/Man/Gal= 1.47:0.21:1.00 | - | - | 周艳 2021 Zhou 2021 |
| 热水提取 Hot water extraction | Glc/Gal/Man/Ara= 50.80/42.30/4.58/2.29 | 16.15 | - | Luo et al. 2020; Qin et al. 2017; Ren et al. 2017 |
| 热水提取 Hot water extraction | - | - | - | 徐兵等 2018 Xu et al. 2018 |
| 碱提取 Alkali extraction | Glc (67.0 g/100 g) | 5 400, 290 | (1→)-β-D-Glc, (1→3)-β-D-Glc, (1→3,6)-β-D-Glc, (1→6)-β-D-Glc | Wang et al. 2019b |
| 碱提取 Alkali extraction | Glc | 538 | (1→)-Glc, (1→3)-Glc, (1→3,6)-Glc | 张安强等 2009 Zhang et al. 2009 |
| 酶辅助提取 Enzyme assisted extraction | Glc (53.5%), Rha (10.0%), Man (1.2%) and Gal (0.4%) | 5.6 | (1→)-α-L-Rha, (1→)-β-D-Glc, (1→6)-β-D-Glc, (1→3, 6)-β-D-Glc | Liu et al. 2021 |
| 酶-微波辅助提取 Enzyme-microwave assisted extraction | Glc/Gal/Fuc = 12.07/6.23/0.02; 18.79/10.22/0.49; 14.52/13.91/0.52; 20.84/19.07/1.57; 9.14/8.79/1.19 (HEP from different geographical origins) | - | - | 何晋浙等 2016 He et al. 2016 |
发酵菌丝体 Fermented mycelium | 热水提取 Hot water extraction | Gal, Glc, Man, Glc-UA | 36.1 | (1→3)-β-D-Glc, (1→6)-β-D-Glc, (1→3,6)-β-D-Glc, (1→6)-α-D-Gal, (1→)-β-D-Man, (1→2)-α-D-Man | Hu et al. 2021 |
| 酶-微波辅助提取 Enzyme-microwave assisted extraction | Glc:Gal:Fuc = 2.21: 7.71:1.39 | - | - | 何晋浙等 2016 He et al. 2016 |
液体深层 发酵浸膏 Liquid submerged fermentation extract | 热水提取 Hot water extraction | - | 43.3 | - | 王新宇 2011 Wang 2011 |
), ArticleFig(id=1256518491897737481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518450508346319, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Classification and reaction path of chemical modification of Hericium erinaceus polysaccharides
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化学修饰 Chemical modification | 反应路径 Reaction path | 典型取代度范围 Typical degree of substitution range | 参考文献 References |
硫酸化 Sulfation |  | 0.4-2.0 | Huang et al. 2019 |
乙酰化 Acetylation |  | 0.1-3.0 | Wang X et al. 2022; Li et al. 2023 |
磷酸化 Phosphorylation |  | 0.01-0.20 | Xia et al. 2021; Zhu et al. 2024 |
硒化 Selenium |  | 0.01-0.30 | Yang et al. 2020; Zhan et al. 2022 |
羟乙基化 Hydroxyethylation |  | 0.05-0.20 | Ren et al. 2017; 宋玉龙 2020 Ren et al. 2017; Song 2020 |
羧甲基化 Carboxymethylation |  | 0.1-2.2 | Xie et al. 2021; Wei et al. 2024 |
巯基化 Sulfhydrylation |  | 0.1-0.5 | Stengel et al. 2024; Kosaka et al. 2025 |
), ArticleFig(id=1256518492010983693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518450508346319, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
猴头菇多糖化学修饰方法分类及反应路径
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化学修饰 Chemical modification | 反应路径 Reaction path | 典型取代度范围 Typical degree of substitution range | 参考文献 References |
硫酸化 Sulfation |  | 0.4-2.0 | Huang et al. 2019 |
乙酰化 Acetylation |  | 0.1-3.0 | Wang X et al. 2022; Li et al. 2023 |
磷酸化 Phosphorylation |  | 0.01-0.20 | Xia et al. 2021; Zhu et al. 2024 |
硒化 Selenium |  | 0.01-0.30 | Yang et al. 2020; Zhan et al. 2022 |
羟乙基化 Hydroxyethylation |  | 0.05-0.20 | Ren et al. 2017; 宋玉龙 2020 Ren et al. 2017; Song 2020 |
羧甲基化 Carboxymethylation |  | 0.1-2.2 | Xie et al. 2021; Wei et al. 2024 |
巯基化 Sulfhydrylation |  | 0.1-0.5 | Stengel et al. 2024; Kosaka et al. 2025 |
), ArticleFig(id=1256518493743231247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518450508346319, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Spectral characteristics of chemical modification of Hericium erinaceus polysaccharides
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化学修饰 Chemical modification | 取代度 Degree of substitution | 特征吸收峰 Characteristic absorption peaks | 参考文献 References |
硫酸化 Sulfation | 0.457 | S=O键1 270 cm-1和C-O-S键834 cm-1 The S=O bond at 1 270 cm-1 and the C-O-S bond at 834 cm-1 | 周艳 2021 Zhou 2021 |
| 0.94 | S=O键1 259 cm-1和C-O-S键808 cm-1 The S=O bond at 1 259 cm-1 and the C-O-S bond at 808 cm-1 | 王新宇 2011 Wang 2011 |
| 2.61 | 1 237 cm-1的OSO3-的S=O的伸缩振动,820 cm-1的C-O-S的伸缩振动 The S=O stretching of OSO₃⁻ at 1 237 cm-1 and the C-O-S stretching at 820 cm-1 | 张安强等 2009 Zhang et al. 2009 |
乙酰化 Acetylation | 0.609 | 1 640.28 cm-1的C=O双键的伸缩振动,1 398.14 cm-1的C-O单键的伸缩振动 The C=O stretching vibration at 1 640.28 cm-1 and the C-O stretching vibration at 1 398.14 cm-1 | 徐兵等 2018 Xu et al. 2018 |
磷酸化 Phosphorylation | 0.079 5 | - | 廖兵武 2023 Liao 2023 |
硒化 Selenium | 0.139 8 | 1 078.35 cm-1的O-Se-O拉伸振动和617.31 cm-1的Se-O-C拉伸振动 The O-Se-O stretching vibration at 1 078.35 cm-1 and the Se-O-C stretching vibration at 617.31 cm-1 | Qin et al. 2017 |
| 0.000 481 79 | 多糖纳米硒表面的OH伸缩振动峰发生蓝移现象(从3 326.12 cm-1移位至3 400.39 cm-1),且C=O伸缩振动峰从1 641.36 cm-1移位至1 620.15 cm-1 The O-H stretching vibration peak of polysaccharide nano-selenium exhibited a blue shift from 3 326.12 cm-1 to 3 400.39 cm-1, with a concomitant red shift of the C=O stretching vibration peak from 1 641.36 cm-1 to 1 620.15 cm-1. | 古佩娴等 2022 Gu et al. 2022 |
羟乙基化 Hydroxyethylation | - | 1 363 cm-1描述对称的-CH2-拉伸振动 The symmetric -CH₂- stretching vibration at 1 363 cm-1 | Ren et al. 2017 |
), ArticleFig(id=1256518493898420497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518450508346319, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
猴头菇多糖化学修饰的光谱特征
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化学修饰 Chemical modification | 取代度 Degree of substitution | 特征吸收峰 Characteristic absorption peaks | 参考文献 References |
硫酸化 Sulfation | 0.457 | S=O键1 270 cm-1和C-O-S键834 cm-1 The S=O bond at 1 270 cm-1 and the C-O-S bond at 834 cm-1 | 周艳 2021 Zhou 2021 |
| 0.94 | S=O键1 259 cm-1和C-O-S键808 cm-1 The S=O bond at 1 259 cm-1 and the C-O-S bond at 808 cm-1 | 王新宇 2011 Wang 2011 |
| 2.61 | 1 237 cm-1的OSO3-的S=O的伸缩振动,820 cm-1的C-O-S的伸缩振动 The S=O stretching of OSO₃⁻ at 1 237 cm-1 and the C-O-S stretching at 820 cm-1 | 张安强等 2009 Zhang et al. 2009 |
乙酰化 Acetylation | 0.609 | 1 640.28 cm-1的C=O双键的伸缩振动,1 398.14 cm-1的C-O单键的伸缩振动 The C=O stretching vibration at 1 640.28 cm-1 and the C-O stretching vibration at 1 398.14 cm-1 | 徐兵等 2018 Xu et al. 2018 |
磷酸化 Phosphorylation | 0.079 5 | - | 廖兵武 2023 Liao 2023 |
硒化 Selenium | 0.139 8 | 1 078.35 cm-1的O-Se-O拉伸振动和617.31 cm-1的Se-O-C拉伸振动 The O-Se-O stretching vibration at 1 078.35 cm-1 and the Se-O-C stretching vibration at 617.31 cm-1 | Qin et al. 2017 |
| 0.000 481 79 | 多糖纳米硒表面的OH伸缩振动峰发生蓝移现象(从3 326.12 cm-1移位至3 400.39 cm-1),且C=O伸缩振动峰从1 641.36 cm-1移位至1 620.15 cm-1 The O-H stretching vibration peak of polysaccharide nano-selenium exhibited a blue shift from 3 326.12 cm-1 to 3 400.39 cm-1, with a concomitant red shift of the C=O stretching vibration peak from 1 641.36 cm-1 to 1 620.15 cm-1. | 古佩娴等 2022 Gu et al. 2022 |
羟乙基化 Hydroxyethylation | - | 1 363 cm-1描述对称的-CH2-拉伸振动 The symmetric -CH₂- stretching vibration at 1 363 cm-1 | Ren et al. 2017 |
), ArticleFig(id=1256518493973917972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518450508346319, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=
Higher-order conformation and bioactivity of chemical modification of Hericium erinaceus polysaccharides
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化学修饰 Chemical modification | 高级构象变化 Higher-order conformational transition | 生物活性影响 Effect on bioactivity | 参考文献 References |
硫酸化 Sulfation | 螺旋结构松散或解旋;分子链伸展性增加 The helical structure loosens or unwinds; the extensibility of the molecular chains increases | 免疫调节活性↑,抗病毒活性↑ Immunomodulatory activity ↑; antiviral activity ↑ | Huang et al. 2019 |
乙酰化 Acetylation | 氢键减弱,有序度降低;柔性增加 Hydrogen bonding weakens, molecular order decreases; flexibility is enhanced | 抗氧化活性↑,免疫调节活性↑ Antioxidative activity ↑; immunomodulatory activity ↑ | Long et al. 2022 |
磷酸化 Phosphorylation | 分子链电荷密度增大;构象刚性增强 The charge density of molecular chains increases; conformational rigidity increases | 抗肿瘤活性↑,免疫调节活性↑ Antitumor activity ↑; immunomodulatory activity ↑ | Xia et al. 2021; Laffargue et al. 2023 |
硒化 Selenium | 构象变化复杂,取决于硒的结合方式和位置;可形成纳米颗粒负载 The conformational changes are complex, depending on the binding modes and sites of selenium; these compounds can enable nanoparticle loading | 抗氧化活性↑↑,抗肿瘤活性↑,免疫调节活性↑ Antioxidative activity ↑↑; antitumor activity ↑; immunomodulatory activity ↑ | Yang et al. 2020; Zhan et al. 2022; Cheng et al. 2023 |
羟乙基化 Hydroxyethylation | 亲水性增强;螺旋结构保持较好 Hydrophilicity enhanced; helical structure well preserved | 水溶性↑,免疫调节活性↑ Solubility ↑; immunomodulatory ↑ | Ren et al. 2017; 宋玉龙 2020 Ren et al. 2017; Song 2020 |
羧甲基化 Carboxymethylation | 分子链伸展;结晶度显著下降;溶液黏度增加 Molecular chain extension; significantly decreased crystallinity; solution viscosity increased | 免疫调节活性↑,抗肿瘤活性↑ Immunomodulatory activity ↑; antitumor activity ↑ | Xie et al. 2021; Zhang et al. 2024 |
巯基化 Sulfhydrylation | 疏水区域形成;可能自组装成胶束 Hydrophobic domain formation; potential spontaneous self-assembly into micelles | 粘膜粘附性↑ Mucoadhesive ↑ | Stengel et al. 2024; Kosaka et al. 2025 |
), ArticleFig(id=1256518494061998359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518450508346319, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
化学修饰猴头菇多糖的高级构象及生物活性
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化学修饰 Chemical modification | 高级构象变化 Higher-order conformational transition | 生物活性影响 Effect on bioactivity | 参考文献 References |
硫酸化 Sulfation | 螺旋结构松散或解旋;分子链伸展性增加 The helical structure loosens or unwinds; the extensibility of the molecular chains increases | 免疫调节活性↑,抗病毒活性↑ Immunomodulatory activity ↑; antiviral activity ↑ | Huang et al. 2019 |
乙酰化 Acetylation | 氢键减弱,有序度降低;柔性增加 Hydrogen bonding weakens, molecular order decreases; flexibility is enhanced | 抗氧化活性↑,免疫调节活性↑ Antioxidative activity ↑; immunomodulatory activity ↑ | Long et al. 2022 |
磷酸化 Phosphorylation | 分子链电荷密度增大;构象刚性增强 The charge density of molecular chains increases; conformational rigidity increases | 抗肿瘤活性↑,免疫调节活性↑ Antitumor activity ↑; immunomodulatory activity ↑ | Xia et al. 2021; Laffargue et al. 2023 |
硒化 Selenium | 构象变化复杂,取决于硒的结合方式和位置;可形成纳米颗粒负载 The conformational changes are complex, depending on the binding modes and sites of selenium; these compounds can enable nanoparticle loading | 抗氧化活性↑↑,抗肿瘤活性↑,免疫调节活性↑ Antioxidative activity ↑↑; antitumor activity ↑; immunomodulatory activity ↑ | Yang et al. 2020; Zhan et al. 2022; Cheng et al. 2023 |
羟乙基化 Hydroxyethylation | 亲水性增强;螺旋结构保持较好 Hydrophilicity enhanced; helical structure well preserved | 水溶性↑,免疫调节活性↑ Solubility ↑; immunomodulatory ↑ | Ren et al. 2017; 宋玉龙 2020 Ren et al. 2017; Song 2020 |
羧甲基化 Carboxymethylation | 分子链伸展;结晶度显著下降;溶液黏度增加 Molecular chain extension; significantly decreased crystallinity; solution viscosity increased | 免疫调节活性↑,抗肿瘤活性↑ Immunomodulatory activity ↑; antitumor activity ↑ | Xie et al. 2021; Zhang et al. 2024 |
巯基化 Sulfhydrylation | 疏水区域形成;可能自组装成胶束 Hydrophobic domain formation; potential spontaneous self-assembly into micelles | 粘膜粘附性↑ Mucoadhesive ↑ | Stengel et al. 2024; Kosaka et al. 2025 |
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Spectral characteristics of chemical modification of Hericium erinaceus polysaccharides
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免疫活性 Immune activity | 硫酸化 Sulfation | 硒化 Selenium | 羟乙基化 Hydroxyethylation |
主要增强作用 Major enhancements | 直接、强烈的免疫激活 Direct and robust immune activation | 抗氧化协同免疫调节 Antioxidant-mediated synergistic immune regulation | 温和持续的免疫激活 Sustained mild immune stimulation |
核心机制 Core mechanism | ①增强多糖与免疫细胞表面受体的静电相互作用,巨噬细胞吞噬活性↑↑、NO释放↑↑ ②激活MAPK和NF-κB信号通路 ① Enhanced electrostatic interactions between polysaccharides and immune cell surface receptors, significantly increased macrophage phagocytic activity and NO release ② Activation of the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways | ① 具有较强的抗氧化性和电子传递能力,巨噬细胞吞噬活性↑,NO↑ ② 增强MAPK和NF-κB信号通路,刺激DCs产生p-p38、p-ERK和p-JNK蛋白的表达,增加IκBα和IκBβ蛋白降解,并促进DCs表达p50和p65蛋白 ① It exhibits strong antioxidant activity and electron transfer capacity, enhances macrophage phagocytic activity, and increases NO production ② It enhances the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, stimulates dendritic cells (DCs) to express p-p38, p-ERK, and p-JNK proteins, increases the degradation of IκBα and IκBβ proteins, and promotes the expression of p50 and p65 proteins in DCs | ① 巨噬细胞吞噬活性↑、NO↑ ② 促进树突状细胞与自然杀伤细胞间的相互作用,提高树突状细胞对IL-12、IL-15、IL-18、NF-κB的mRNA表达 ① Increased macrophage phagocytic activity and NO production ② Promotes interactions between dendritic cells and natural killer cells and upregulates dendritic cell mRNA expression of IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, and NF-κB |
独特优势 Distinctive advantages | 免疫激活迅速、强度高 Rapid and potent immune activation | 强抗氧化性和硒依赖性免疫 Strong antioxidant capacity and selenium-dependent immunity | 溶解性和稳定性提升 Enhanced solubility and stability |
潜在风险 Potential risks | 可能破坏多糖主链 Potential cleavage of polysaccharide backbone | 硒中毒风险 Risk of selenium intoxication | 过度修饰掩蔽活性基团 Over-modification may mask active functional groups |
参考文献 References | Huang et al. 2019; Chen X et al. 2023 | Qin et al. 2017; Cheng et al. 2018 | Ren et al. 2017;宋玉龙 2020 Ren et al. 2017; Song 2020 |
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化学修饰猴头菇多糖的免疫调节活性
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免疫活性 Immune activity | 硫酸化 Sulfation | 硒化 Selenium | 羟乙基化 Hydroxyethylation |
主要增强作用 Major enhancements | 直接、强烈的免疫激活 Direct and robust immune activation | 抗氧化协同免疫调节 Antioxidant-mediated synergistic immune regulation | 温和持续的免疫激活 Sustained mild immune stimulation |
核心机制 Core mechanism | ①增强多糖与免疫细胞表面受体的静电相互作用,巨噬细胞吞噬活性↑↑、NO释放↑↑ ②激活MAPK和NF-κB信号通路 ① Enhanced electrostatic interactions between polysaccharides and immune cell surface receptors, significantly increased macrophage phagocytic activity and NO release ② Activation of the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways | ① 具有较强的抗氧化性和电子传递能力,巨噬细胞吞噬活性↑,NO↑ ② 增强MAPK和NF-κB信号通路,刺激DCs产生p-p38、p-ERK和p-JNK蛋白的表达,增加IκBα和IκBβ蛋白降解,并促进DCs表达p50和p65蛋白 ① It exhibits strong antioxidant activity and electron transfer capacity, enhances macrophage phagocytic activity, and increases NO production ② It enhances the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, stimulates dendritic cells (DCs) to express p-p38, p-ERK, and p-JNK proteins, increases the degradation of IκBα and IκBβ proteins, and promotes the expression of p50 and p65 proteins in DCs | ① 巨噬细胞吞噬活性↑、NO↑ ② 促进树突状细胞与自然杀伤细胞间的相互作用,提高树突状细胞对IL-12、IL-15、IL-18、NF-κB的mRNA表达 ① Increased macrophage phagocytic activity and NO production ② Promotes interactions between dendritic cells and natural killer cells and upregulates dendritic cell mRNA expression of IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, and NF-κB |
独特优势 Distinctive advantages | 免疫激活迅速、强度高 Rapid and potent immune activation | 强抗氧化性和硒依赖性免疫 Strong antioxidant capacity and selenium-dependent immunity | 溶解性和稳定性提升 Enhanced solubility and stability |
潜在风险 Potential risks | 可能破坏多糖主链 Potential cleavage of polysaccharide backbone | 硒中毒风险 Risk of selenium intoxication | 过度修饰掩蔽活性基团 Over-modification may mask active functional groups |
参考文献 References | Huang et al. 2019; Chen X et al. 2023 | Qin et al. 2017; Cheng et al. 2018 | Ren et al. 2017;宋玉龙 2020 Ren et al. 2017; Song 2020 |
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