Article(id=1256518448369230120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, issueId=1256518442379763982, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13346/j.mycosystema.250215, pmid=null, cstr=32115.14.j.mycosystema.250215, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1752508800000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1755878400000, acceptedDateStr=2025-08-23, onlineDate=1777506943070, onlineDateStr=2026-04-30, pubDate=1774108800000, pubDateStr=2026-03-22, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1777506943070, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1777506943064, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1777506943064, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1256518442379763982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, year='2026', volume='45', issue='3', pageStart='240320', pageEnd='250282', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1777506941647, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1777507117568, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1256519180338213460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, issueId=1256518442379763982, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1256519180338213461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, issueId=1256518442379763982, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=250215, endPage=, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1256518450755789115, articleId=1256518448369230120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, language=EN, title=Exploring the mechanism of Cordyceps chanhua nucleoside extract against solar dermatitis based on network pharmacology, molecular docking and experimental verification, columnId=1256263562373226548, journalTitle=Mycosystema, columnName=Research paper, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to explore the new application and mechanism of action of Cordyceps chanhua nucleoside extracts on solar dermatitis, the targets of C. chanhua nucleoside components treating solar dermatitis were screened by network pharmacology and molecular docking. The results of network pharmacology analysis were verified by mouse animal experiments. The results showed that thymine, adenine, N6-(2 hydroxyethyl) adenosine, inosine and adenosine were the main active nucleoside components of C. chanhua in the treatment of solar dermatitis, and TNF, IL1β, AKT1, IL6, INS, IFNG, EGFR, PTGS2, CTNNB1, and MAPK1 were the core targets of C. chanhua nucleoside components. Enrichment analysis showed that PI3K-Akt, TNF, MAPK and IL-17 signaling pathways were the major biomechanistic pathways of C. chanhua nucleoside components for the treatment of solar dermatitis. Molecular docking analysis showed that there was a strong binding affinity between the main active components of C. chanhua nucleoside components and the core targets. Animal experiments verified that dermal administration of C. chanhua increased collagen content and SOD antioxidant enzyme activity, and decreased PTGS2 content and levels of TNF-ɑ, IL-1β, and IL-17 inflammatory factors in mouse skin tissues. The results of Western blotting showed that C. chanhua nucleoside extracts inhibited the release of p38 MAPK and MMP9, and the molecular mechanism might be related to the MAPK signaling pathway. This study provides a new basis for the development of natural drugs against solar dermatitis.

, correspAuthors=Yuqin WANG, Chunli WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*WANG Chunli, ;
WANG Yuqin,
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ORCID: MA Yuewen (0009-0007-8779-0963),

WANG Chunli (0000-0002-9865-4808)

, authorsList=Yuewen MA, Wei LI, Xianglu YE, Wenjun LONG, Yuqin WANG, Chunli WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1256518472192877078, articleId=1256518448369230120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, language=CN, title=基于网络药理学、分子对接和实验验证探究蝉花核苷提取物治疗日光性皮炎的作用机制, columnId=1256263563312771301, journalTitle=菌物学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为了挖掘蝉花核苷提取物抗日光性皮炎的新应用及机制,我们通过网络药理学以及分子对接来筛选蝉花核苷类成分与日光性皮炎的作用靶点,并且对作用机制进行深入分析。同时通过小鼠动物实验验证网络药理学的分析结果。研究结果表明,胸腺嘧啶、腺嘌呤、N6-(2羟乙基)腺苷、肌苷、腺苷是蝉花治疗日光性皮炎的主要活性核苷类成分。TNF、IL1β、AKT1、IL6、INS、IFNG、EGFR、PTGS2、CTNNB1、MAPK1是蝉花核苷类成分治疗日光性皮炎的核心靶点。富集分析结果显示,PI3K-Akt、TNF、MAPK、IL-17信号通路是蝉花核苷类成分治疗日光性皮炎的主要生物机制通路。分子对接分析表明,蝉花的主要活性核苷成分与核心靶点之间存在较强的结合亲和力。动物实验验证了蝉花核苷皮肤给药提高了小鼠皮肤组织中的胶原蛋白含量、SOD抗氧化酶活力,降低了PTGS2含量和TNF-ɑ、IL-1β、IL-17炎症因子水平。Western blotting结果表明,蝉花核苷提取物抑制了p38 MAPK和MMP9的释放,其分子机制可能与MAPK信号通路有关。研究结果为开发抗日光性皮炎的天然药物提供了新的依据。

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谭为, 顾政一, 2022. 薰衣草总黄酮对小鼠皮肤光损伤的防护作用机制. 中国实验方剂学杂志, 28(2): 112-120, articleTitle=薰衣草总黄酮对小鼠皮肤光损伤的防护作用机制, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256518515201269828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518448369230120, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=28, issue=10, pageStart=661, pageEnd=664, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[50], rfOrder=49, authorNames=张浩, 李春红, 张倩, 李文佳, 钱正明, 杨丰庆, journalName=今日药学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张浩, 李春红, 张倩, 李文佳, 钱正明, 杨丰庆, 2018. 高效液相色谱法定量分析虫草类药材的16个核苷类成分. 今日药学, 28(10): 661-664, 690, articleTitle=高效液相色谱法定量分析虫草类药材的16个核苷类成分, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256518515352264775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518448369230120, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=50, issue=1, pageStart=341, pageEnd=350, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[51], rfOrder=50, authorNames=周思静, 乔宇琛, 刘桂君, journalName=食品与发酵工业, refType=null, unstructuredReference=周思静, 乔宇琛, 刘桂君, 2024. 蝉花的研究现状与分析. 食品与发酵工业, 50(1): 341-350, articleTitle=蝉花的研究现状与分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256518515436150856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518448369230120, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=36, issue=6, pageStart=604, pageEnd=609, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[52], rfOrder=51, authorNames=朱丽娜, 高新华, 张忠, 周帅, 尚晓冬, 唐庆九, journalName=食品与生物技术学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=朱丽娜, 高新华, 张忠, 周帅, 尚晓冬, 唐庆九, 2017. 高效液相色谱分析虫草中核苷类成分. 食品与生物技术学报, 36(6): 604-609, articleTitle=高效液相色谱分析虫草中核苷类成分, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1256518509245359036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518448369230120, awardId=2018ZX09735002, language=EN, fundingSource=National Key Technology Research and Development Program(2018ZX09735002), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1256518509400548288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518448369230120, 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figureFileSmall=jY7NWACBlihVxsYWs5YVyg==, figureFileBig=oHY9r6c2IS3JLJkGegMHmA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256518502924542771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518448369230120, language=CN, label=图1, caption=文章实验设计流程图, figureFileSmall=jY7NWACBlihVxsYWs5YVyg==, figureFileBig=oHY9r6c2IS3JLJkGegMHmA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256518503272670014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518448369230120, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Intersection of active ingredient targets of Cordyceps chanhua nucleoside with those of components of solar dermatitis., figureFileSmall=O4pBm4oeXPG0XCGL9h+Iaw==, figureFileBig=A1AczDditaXkOYODmBXsQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256518503520133956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518448369230120, language=CN, label=图2, caption=蝉花核苷类活性成分靶点与日光性皮炎成分靶点 交集, figureFileSmall=O4pBm4oeXPG0XCGL9h+Iaw==, figureFileBig=A1AczDditaXkOYODmBXsQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256518503658545989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518448369230120, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Protein interaction plots of anti solar dermatitis targets of Cordyceps chanhua. A: PPI interaction map; B: Map of the top 10 core targets., figureFileSmall=HJWeT/jr3iDd3Jnu+Wn69w==, figureFileBig=eF+NTiN8iTF1WvLNKN1PHQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256518503901815628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518448369230120, language=CN, label=图3, caption=蝉花核苷类活性成分抗日光性皮炎靶点的蛋白互作图A:PPI互作图;B:前10核心靶点图, figureFileSmall=HJWeT/jr3iDd3Jnu+Wn69w==, figureFileBig=eF+NTiN8iTF1WvLNKN1PHQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256518504015061838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518448369230120, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=D-C-T-D diagram., figureFileSmall=aWJG8zgwVijZMkJTcE4u3g==, figureFileBig=uCJddXyzW5vyH58AsbCHSw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256518504124113747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518448369230120, language=CN, label=图4, caption=D-C-T-D图, figureFileSmall=aWJG8zgwVijZMkJTcE4u3g==, figureFileBig=uCJddXyzW5vyH58AsbCHSw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256518504346411861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518448369230120, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=GO enrichment analysis. BP: Biological processes; CC: Cellular components; MF: Molecular functions., figureFileSmall=JqhEZJqBnHqZBrGAd2lFIw==, figureFileBig=RdkBLdji6r1dX5vz93IB/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256518504564515674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518448369230120, language=CN, label=图5, caption=GO富集分析, figureFileSmall=JqhEZJqBnHqZBrGAd2lFIw==, figureFileBig=RdkBLdji6r1dX5vz93IB/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256518504665178973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518448369230120, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=KEGG enrichment analysis., figureFileSmall=CJMuOHErfqi9IBPlYbfN0Q==, figureFileBig=Fa8mdNjevj84uaVnfRznVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256518504744870750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518448369230120, language=CN, label=图6, caption=KEGG信号通路富集分析, figureFileSmall=CJMuOHErfqi9IBPlYbfN0Q==, figureFileBig=Fa8mdNjevj84uaVnfRznVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256518504845534051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518448369230120, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Molecular heat map., figureFileSmall=QIfJRS5QvGd9Sn9tYdDqNA==, figureFileBig=Mjp2M5XlIAg4HNTzH0UUeA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256518504925225831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518448369230120, language=CN, label=图7, caption=分子热图, figureFileSmall=QIfJRS5QvGd9Sn9tYdDqNA==, figureFileBig=Mjp2M5XlIAg4HNTzH0UUeA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256518505021694827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518448369230120, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Molecular docking visualization., figureFileSmall=OeJxsUqaraYHTFYKpxuIyQ==, figureFileBig=6XbHMXYeXngE9JlejcBfNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256518505206244208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518448369230120, language=CN, label=图8, caption=分子对接可视化, figureFileSmall=OeJxsUqaraYHTFYKpxuIyQ==, figureFileBig=6XbHMXYeXngE9JlejcBfNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256518505294324595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518448369230120, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Liquid chromatogram of Cordyceps chanhua nucleoside extracts. A: Spectra obtained by method 1; B: Spectra obtained by method 2. Peaks 1-6: Thymidine, adenine, uridine, inosine, adenosine, and HEA, in order., figureFileSmall=C+kmKkDjeOtCyrrtbyDMIg==, figureFileBig=FToQG6Ox41vuFoA40xqTCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256518506535838585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518448369230120, language=CN, label=图9, caption=蝉花核苷提取物液相色谱图A:方法1所得谱图;B:方法2所得谱图;1-6峰依次为胸苷、腺嘌呤、尿苷、肌苷、腺苷、HEA, figureFileSmall=C+kmKkDjeOtCyrrtbyDMIg==, figureFileBig=FToQG6Ox41vuFoA40xqTCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256518506711999356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518448369230120, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=Skin condition of mice suffered from solar dermatitis (SD). Blank: Blank control group; Model: Model group; KFXY: Positive control group; CCL: Low-concentration of Cordyceps chanhua nucleoside extract group; CCH: High-concentration C. chanhua nucleoside extract group. The same below., figureFileSmall=QjxIJhd1+o9dAN30G4fkjA==, figureFileBig=0PD6uZB/CLTwFmmXowO4kQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256518506867188610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518448369230120, language=CN, label=图10, caption=日光性皮炎(SD)小鼠皮肤状态, figureFileSmall=QjxIJhd1+o9dAN30G4fkjA==, figureFileBig=0PD6uZB/CLTwFmmXowO4kQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256518507022377862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518448369230120, language=EN, label=Fig. 11, caption=Cordyceps chanhua nucleoside extracts attenuate UVB damage to the skin of SD mice. A: Mice administered with UVB irradiation timeline. B: HE and Masson stained tissue sections (200×). C: Epidermal thickness of solarized dermatitis mice. D: Proportion of collagen in skin tissues of solar dermatitis mice. **P<0.01, ****P<0.000 1., figureFileSmall=rogo00yiui8Qnl1eWrDuag==, figureFileBig=hr4yudV6yQmF/ijrS0tMzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256518507144012682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518448369230120, language=CN, label=图11, caption=蝉花核苷提取物减轻UVB对SD小鼠皮肤的损伤 A:小鼠给药,UVB照射时间轴;B:HE和Masson染色组织切片(200×);C:日光性皮炎小鼠表皮厚度;D:日光性皮炎小鼠皮肤组织中胶原蛋白比例;**P<0.01,****P<0.000 1, figureFileSmall=rogo00yiui8Qnl1eWrDuag==, figureFileBig=hr4yudV6yQmF/ijrS0tMzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256518507244675981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518448369230120, language=EN, label=Fig. 12, caption=Protective effects of Cordyceps chanhua nucleoside extracts against oxidative stress and inflammation in SD mice. The levels of SOD (A), PTGS2 (B), TNF-α (C), IL-1β (D) and IL-17 (E) were detected using ELISA kits and biochemical assays. ns were non-significant, *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001, ****P<0.000 1. The same below., figureFileSmall=Fcigic8scbbaz7EkMUPBow==, figureFileBig=yiaKwAwGN1VCw8JJcpa07Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256518507336950671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518448369230120, language=CN, label=图12, caption=蝉花核苷提取物对SD小鼠氧化应激和炎症的保护作用 采用ELISA试剂盒和生化检测SOD (A)、PTGS2 (B)、TNF-α (C)、IL-1β (D)和IL-17 (E)的水平;ns为无显著性,*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001,****P<0.000 1;下同, figureFileSmall=Fcigic8scbbaz7EkMUPBow==, figureFileBig=yiaKwAwGN1VCw8JJcpa07Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256518507454391187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518448369230120, language=EN, label=Fig. 13, caption=Cordyceps chanhua nucleoside extracts inhibit the MAPK signaling pathway in SD mice. A: Immunoblotting of p-p38, p38 and β-Actin. B: Quantification of p-p38/β-Actin according to the Western blotting image in figure A. C: Quantification of p-p38/p38 according to the Western blotting image in figure A. D: Quantification of MMP9/β-Actin according to the Western blotting image in figure A., figureFileSmall=t+qgzIETckwWzcdCp8Tczw==, figureFileBig=apV4OqllYxdWCoy06zH7Pg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256518507613774741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518448369230120, language=CN, label=图13, caption=蝉花核苷提取物抑制SD小鼠的MAPK信号通路 A:p-p38、p38和β-Actin的免疫印迹;B:根据图A中的Western blotting图像对p-p38/β-Actin进行定量;C:根据图A中的Western blotting图像对p-p38/p38进行定量;D:根据图A中的Western blotting图像对MMP9/β-Actin进行定量, figureFileSmall=t+qgzIETckwWzcdCp8Tczw==, figureFileBig=apV4OqllYxdWCoy06zH7Pg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256518507676689303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518448369230120, language=EN, label=Fig. 14, caption=Molecular mechanism diagram. A: Molecular mechanism of UVB-induced skin damage in mice. B: Molecular mechanism of Cordyceps chanhua nucleoside extracts in the treatment of solar dermatitis mice., figureFileSmall=6eJcPLkzWHJ5PeoEApqUOw==, figureFileBig=KhbFpHpu+qZ8zchZQTzrBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256518507785741209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518448369230120, language=CN, label=图14, caption=分子机制图A:UVB诱导小鼠皮肤损伤的分子机制;B:蝉花核苷提取物治疗日光性皮炎小鼠的分子机制, figureFileSmall=6eJcPLkzWHJ5PeoEApqUOw==, figureFileBig=KhbFpHpu+qZ8zchZQTzrBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256518507911570333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518448369230120, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Method 1 gradient elution conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间
Time/min
ϕ (流动相A)
ϕ (Mobile phase A)/%
0→10 1→5
10→15 5→15
15→20 15→20
20→30 20
30→35 20→35
35→40 35→1
0→10 1→5
), ArticleFig(id=1256518508070953888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518448369230120, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

方法1梯度洗脱条件

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间
Time/min
ϕ (流动相A)
ϕ (Mobile phase A)/%
0→10 1→5
10→15 5→15
15→20 15→20
20→30 20
30→35 20→35
35→40 35→1
0→10 1→5
), ArticleFig(id=1256518508175811491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518448369230120, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Method 2 gradient elution conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间
t/min
ϕ (流动相B)/%
ϕ (Mobile phase B)/%
0→12 2→5
12→20 5→15
20→25 15→20
25→30 20→35
), ArticleFig(id=1256518508268086183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518448369230120, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

方法2梯度洗脱条件

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间
t/min
ϕ (流动相B)/%
ϕ (Mobile phase B)/%
0→12 2→5
12→20 5→15
20→25 15→20
25→30 20→35
), ArticleFig(id=1256518508377138090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518448369230120, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Cordyceps chanhua active nucleoside ingredients

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号
No
化学名
Chemical name
Cas号
Cas number
Pubchem号
Pubchem ID
ADME“YES”数量
ADME “YES” number
1 胞嘧啶Cytosine 71-30-7 597 3
2 腺嘌呤Adenine 73-24-5 190 3
3 鸟嘌呤Guanine 73-40-5 135398634 3
4 N6-(2羟乙基)腺嘌呤N6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2'-deoxyadenosine 137058-94-7 15168256 4
5 脱氧胞苷2ʹ,3ʹ-Dideoxycytidinene 7481-88-1 64683 4
6 次黄嘌呤Hypoxanthine 68-94-0 135398638 3
7 尿苷Uridine 58-96-8 6029 4
8 脱氧尿苷Deoxyuridine 951-78-0 13712 4
9 肌苷Inosine 58-63-9 135398641 3
10 腺苷Adenosine 58-61-7 60961 3
11 N6-(2羟乙基)腺苷 N6-(2-hydroxyethyl) adenosine 4338-48-1 96124 2
12 虫草素Cordycepin 73-03-0 6303 4
13 胸苷Thymidine 50-89-5 5789 4
14 尿嘧啶Uracil 66-22-8 1174 3
15 2ʹ-脱氧腺苷2ʹ-Deoxyadenosine 958-09-8 13730 4
16 胸腺嘧啶Thymine 65-71-4 1135 3
), ArticleFig(id=1256518508498772908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518448369230120, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

蝉花核苷类活性成分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号
No
化学名
Chemical name
Cas号
Cas number
Pubchem号
Pubchem ID
ADME“YES”数量
ADME “YES” number
1 胞嘧啶Cytosine 71-30-7 597 3
2 腺嘌呤Adenine 73-24-5 190 3
3 鸟嘌呤Guanine 73-40-5 135398634 3
4 N6-(2羟乙基)腺嘌呤N6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2'-deoxyadenosine 137058-94-7 15168256 4
5 脱氧胞苷2ʹ,3ʹ-Dideoxycytidinene 7481-88-1 64683 4
6 次黄嘌呤Hypoxanthine 68-94-0 135398638 3
7 尿苷Uridine 58-96-8 6029 4
8 脱氧尿苷Deoxyuridine 951-78-0 13712 4
9 肌苷Inosine 58-63-9 135398641 3
10 腺苷Adenosine 58-61-7 60961 3
11 N6-(2羟乙基)腺苷 N6-(2-hydroxyethyl) adenosine 4338-48-1 96124 2
12 虫草素Cordycepin 73-03-0 6303 4
13 胸苷Thymidine 50-89-5 5789 4
14 尿嘧啶Uracil 66-22-8 1174 3
15 2ʹ-脱氧腺苷2ʹ-Deoxyadenosine 958-09-8 13730 4
16 胸腺嘧啶Thymine 65-71-4 1135 3
), ArticleFig(id=1256518508641379248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518448369230120, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Nucleoside content of Cordyceps chanhua nucleoside extracts

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称
Name
胸苷
Thymidine
/(mg/kg)
腺嘌呤
Adenine
/(mg/kg)
尿苷
Uridine
/(mg/kg)
肌苷
Inosine
/(mg/kg)
腺苷
Adenosine
/(mg/kg)
HEA
/(mg/kg)
核苷总量
Total
nucleosides/%
含量
Content
2 451.91 241.06 5 967.65 8 140.17 2 491.31 1 341.13 2.06
), ArticleFig(id=1256518508922397619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518448369230120, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

蝉花核苷提取物的核苷成分含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称
Name
胸苷
Thymidine
/(mg/kg)
腺嘌呤
Adenine
/(mg/kg)
尿苷
Uridine
/(mg/kg)
肌苷
Inosine
/(mg/kg)
腺苷
Adenosine
/(mg/kg)
HEA
/(mg/kg)
核苷总量
Total
nucleosides/%
含量
Content
2 451.91 241.06 5 967.65 8 140.17 2 491.31 1 341.13 2.06
), ArticleFig(id=1256518509006283701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518448369230120, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Effects of Cordyceps chanhua nucleoside extracts on local skin tissue apparent indicators in mice modeled with solar dermatitis (n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别
Groups
动物只数/只
Number of animals/pc
- + ++ +++
空白对照组Blank control group 6 0 0 0
模型对照组Model control group 0 0 2 4
阳性对照组Kangfuxin liquid (KFXY) 3 3 0 0
蝉花核苷提取物低浓度组Cordyceps chanhua nucleoside low concentration (CCL) 3 3 0 0
蝉花核苷提取物高浓度组Cordyceps chanhua nucleoside high concentration (CCH) 4 2 0 0
), ArticleFig(id=1256518509081781176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256518448369230120, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

蝉花核苷提取物对日光性皮炎模型小鼠局部皮肤组织表观指标的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别
Groups
动物只数/只
Number of animals/pc
- + ++ +++
空白对照组Blank control group 6 0 0 0
模型对照组Model control group 0 0 2 4
阳性对照组Kangfuxin liquid (KFXY) 3 3 0 0
蝉花核苷提取物低浓度组Cordyceps chanhua nucleoside low concentration (CCL) 3 3 0 0
蝉花核苷提取物高浓度组Cordyceps chanhua nucleoside high concentration (CCH) 4 2 0 0
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基于网络药理学、分子对接和实验验证探究蝉花核苷提取物治疗日光性皮炎的作用机制
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马悦文 1 , 李薇 1 , 叶向露 2, 3 , 龙文君 2, 3 , 王玉芹 2, 3, * , 王春丽 1, *
菌物学报 | 研究论文 2026,45(3): 250215
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菌物学报 | 研究论文 2026, 45(3): 250215
基于网络药理学、分子对接和实验验证探究蝉花核苷提取物治疗日光性皮炎的作用机制
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马悦文1, 李薇1, 叶向露2, 3, 龙文君2, 3, 王玉芹2, 3, * , 王春丽1, *
作者信息
  • 1 华东理工大学药学院 制药工程与过程化学教育部工程研究中心 上海市新药设计重点实验室,上海 200237
  • 2 泛亚生物医药股份有限公司 浙江泛亚生命科学研究院,浙江 平湖 314200
  • 3 上海泛亚生命科学研究院,上海 200237
Exploring the mechanism of Cordyceps chanhua nucleoside extract against solar dermatitis based on network pharmacology, molecular docking and experimental verification
Yuewen MA1, Wei LI1, Xianglu YE2, 3, Wenjun LONG2, 3, Yuqin WANG2, 3, * , Chunli WANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
  • 2 Bioasia Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Bioasia Life Science Institute, Pinghu 314200, Zhejiang, China
  • 3 Shanghai Bioasia Life Science Institute, Shanghai 200237, China
  • ORCID: MA Yuewen (0009-0007-8779-0963),

    WANG Chunli (0000-0002-9865-4808)

出版时间: 2026-03-22 doi: 10.13346/j.mycosystema.250215
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为了挖掘蝉花核苷提取物抗日光性皮炎的新应用及机制,我们通过网络药理学以及分子对接来筛选蝉花核苷类成分与日光性皮炎的作用靶点,并且对作用机制进行深入分析。同时通过小鼠动物实验验证网络药理学的分析结果。研究结果表明,胸腺嘧啶、腺嘌呤、N6-(2羟乙基)腺苷、肌苷、腺苷是蝉花治疗日光性皮炎的主要活性核苷类成分。TNF、IL1β、AKT1、IL6、INS、IFNG、EGFR、PTGS2、CTNNB1、MAPK1是蝉花核苷类成分治疗日光性皮炎的核心靶点。富集分析结果显示,PI3K-Akt、TNF、MAPK、IL-17信号通路是蝉花核苷类成分治疗日光性皮炎的主要生物机制通路。分子对接分析表明,蝉花的主要活性核苷成分与核心靶点之间存在较强的结合亲和力。动物实验验证了蝉花核苷皮肤给药提高了小鼠皮肤组织中的胶原蛋白含量、SOD抗氧化酶活力,降低了PTGS2含量和TNF-ɑ、IL-1β、IL-17炎症因子水平。Western blotting结果表明,蝉花核苷提取物抑制了p38 MAPK和MMP9的释放,其分子机制可能与MAPK信号通路有关。研究结果为开发抗日光性皮炎的天然药物提供了新的依据。

网络药理学  /  分子对接  /  小鼠实验  /  蝉花核苷  /  日光性皮炎

In order to explore the new application and mechanism of action of Cordyceps chanhua nucleoside extracts on solar dermatitis, the targets of C. chanhua nucleoside components treating solar dermatitis were screened by network pharmacology and molecular docking. The results of network pharmacology analysis were verified by mouse animal experiments. The results showed that thymine, adenine, N6-(2 hydroxyethyl) adenosine, inosine and adenosine were the main active nucleoside components of C. chanhua in the treatment of solar dermatitis, and TNF, IL1β, AKT1, IL6, INS, IFNG, EGFR, PTGS2, CTNNB1, and MAPK1 were the core targets of C. chanhua nucleoside components. Enrichment analysis showed that PI3K-Akt, TNF, MAPK and IL-17 signaling pathways were the major biomechanistic pathways of C. chanhua nucleoside components for the treatment of solar dermatitis. Molecular docking analysis showed that there was a strong binding affinity between the main active components of C. chanhua nucleoside components and the core targets. Animal experiments verified that dermal administration of C. chanhua increased collagen content and SOD antioxidant enzyme activity, and decreased PTGS2 content and levels of TNF-ɑ, IL-1β, and IL-17 inflammatory factors in mouse skin tissues. The results of Western blotting showed that C. chanhua nucleoside extracts inhibited the release of p38 MAPK and MMP9, and the molecular mechanism might be related to the MAPK signaling pathway. This study provides a new basis for the development of natural drugs against solar dermatitis.

network pharmacology  /  molecular docking  /  murine experiment  /  Cordyceps chanhua nucleosides  /  solar dermatitis
马悦文, 李薇, 叶向露, 龙文君, 王玉芹, 王春丽. 基于网络药理学、分子对接和实验验证探究蝉花核苷提取物治疗日光性皮炎的作用机制. 菌物学报, 2026 , 45 (3) : 250215 - . DOI: 10.13346/j.mycosystema.250215
Yuewen MA, Wei LI, Xianglu YE, Wenjun LONG, Yuqin WANG, Chunli WANG. Exploring the mechanism of Cordyceps chanhua nucleoside extract against solar dermatitis based on network pharmacology, molecular docking and experimental verification[J]. Mycosystema, 2026 , 45 (3) : 250215 - . DOI: 10.13346/j.mycosystema.250215
日光性皮炎(solar dermatitis, SD)是一种由日光中紫外线辐射引发的急性皮肤损伤(Deng et al. 2024)。紫外线UVB (280-320 nm)通过直接诱导DNA损伤、激活氧化应激及促炎因子释放等机制参与皮肤光损伤(Kawashima et al. 2018)。目前主要防护措施包括防晒霜使用和物理遮蔽,临床治疗以糖皮质激素类药物为主(Rosenthal et al. 2019),但长期应用可能引发皮肤刺激、药物耐受等不良反应。
蝉花Cordyceps chanhua Z.Z. Li et al.是寄生山蝉等若虫后形成的菌虫复合体,与冬虫夏草同属虫草科(李增智等 2021)。蝉花是中国传统中药,其服用一直有历史记载(周思静等 2024),最早记录于《雷公炮炙论》,用于治疗小儿夜惊啼哭(李增智等 2022)。蝉花活性成分主要包括核苷、环肽、多糖、醇类、甾醇和有机酸这六大类,有抗衰老、抗氧化、降血糖、抗炎、抑菌、治疗肾病、抗肿瘤等药理作用(Wu et al. 2019;解思友等 2020;李思迪等 2020;孙长胜等 2022)。
2021 年,中国国家卫生健康委员会批准人工培育的蝉花子实体可作为新食品原料使用,将蝉花的应用领域从传统中药拓展到食品领域,这有助于未来大规模、多方面开发蝉花价值。由于中药复杂的成分和探寻机制的工作量,我们使用网络药理学这一工具进行前期的筛选。网络药理学(network pharmacology, NP)是一门以系统生物学和多向药理学为理论基础,以计算机技术贯穿其中,对中药的作用靶点以及分子机制进行探究的交叉学科(廖韵诺等 2024)。NP提供了一种新的范式来揭示和可视化中药治疗多因素疾病的潜在相互作用网络,成功应用于中药的药效物质基础和有效机制的研究中,促进了中药安全性、有效性和作用机制研究的发展(Li et al. 2023)。
本研究前期通过网络药理学来筛选蝉花中的核苷类活性成分及治疗日光性皮炎的靶点、机制,并且进行分子对接考察蝉花核苷活性成分与靶点的结合作用,然后通过小鼠动物实验来验证筛选的结果,实验设计流程图见图1
蝉花核苷提取物由中国肽益生命科学研究院提供,批号:20240801;康复新液(阳性对照),购自四川好医生攀西药业有限责任公司,批号:231104;苏木素-伊红(HE)高清恒染试剂盒,马森(Masson)染液套装,SOD、IL-17、IL-1β、TNF-ɑ的试剂盒购自武汉赛维尔公司;PTGS2试剂盒购自百盈利创生物科技(北京)有限公司;实验所需抗体购自武汉赛维尔公司和上海卡蒙生物科技有限公司,其他试剂均为分析纯。
311 nm紫外光疗仪(Sigma-SS01B),西格玛奥德里奇上海贸易有限公司;分析天平(AC104),梅特勒-托利多公司;高效液相色谱仪,DAD检测器(1100),安捷伦科技有限公司;超声清洗仪(KQ-500E),昆山市超声仪器有限公司;紫外分光光度计(UV-754N,上海奥谱勒仪器有限公司);台式高速冷冻离心机(D3024R),北京大龙兴创实验仪器股份公司。
根据文献确定蝉花核苷类的已知活性成分(朱丽娜等 2017;葛琦等 2019;周思静等 2024),并在化源网(https://www.chemsrc.com/)找到对应Cas号,在Pubchem (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)下载对应成分的2D结构,sdf格式文件。随后对得到的核苷活性成分在Swissadme (http://www.swissadme.ch/)进行选择性筛选(Daina et al. 2017),筛选具有良好ADME性质的活性成分的标准为:5类药性预测(Lipinski、Ghose、Veber、Egan、Muegge)结果中有2个及2个以上为“Yes”,表明药物相似性数据定性评估活性成分成为药物的可能性(冯思婷等 2024)。
将筛选得到的活性成分在swisstargetprediction (http://www.swisstargetprediction.ch/)以“Probability≥ 0.1”的要求筛选靶点,在Batman (http://bionet.ncpsb.org.cn/batman-tcm/index.php)以“Score_ cutoff≥20”的要求筛选靶点,在TCMSP (https://www.tcmsp-e.com/#/home)获取靶点,对以上获得的靶点进行去重,所得即为蝉花核苷类活性成分的靶基因集。
在genecards (https://www.genecards.org/)、OMIM (https://www.omim.org/),以“Solar Dermatitis”为关键词搜索靶点基因,去重后得到日光性皮炎的疾病靶点。
在venny 2.1.0 (https://bioinfogp.cnb.csic.es/tools/venny/index.html)平台对蝉花核苷类成分的靶点以及日光性皮炎的靶点进行韦恩交集,交集基因则为蝉花核苷类成分抗日光性皮炎的靶点,绘制韦恩图。
将交集靶点上传至STRING (https://cn.string-db.org/)数据库,构建PPI网络图。将物种设置为“HUMAN”,导出文件于Cytoscape 3.9.1软件作图进一步优化分析PPI网络模型。使用Cytoscape的cytoHubba插件评分MCC,得到核心靶点,导出核心靶点图。
利用Network Analysis对Cytoscape 3.9.1中的“degree”以及“betweeness”进行分析,构建调控网络,形成“药物-成分-靶点-疾病”网络图,得到蝉花核苷类核心活性成分。
将蝉花核苷活性成分抗日光性皮炎交集靶点提交至Metascape (https://metascape.org/gp/)数据库进行GO和KEGG富集分析,识别显著富集的生物过程和代谢通路。以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义,保存数据,通过微生信平台(https://www.bioinformatics.com.cn/)进行可视化分析(Tang et al. 2023)。
将核心靶点在Uniprot (https://www.uniprot.org/)找到对应的Entry ID,在PDB (https://www.rcsb.org/)下载带有配体的蛋白,pdb格式的文件。在PyMOL 2.5软件中对蛋白受体进行去氢去配体,使用Chem 3D软件对核心活性成分进行优化。对接前使用ProteinsPlus (https://proteins.plus/pdb_files/rcsbsearch)确定蛋白对接的口袋盒子,然后使用autodock vina 1.5.7对接得出20个构象,选择最小结合能的构象进行对接,最后用PyMOL 2.5软件进行可视化3D作图,使用Origin 2022根据Affinity数值作出分子热图。
蝉花核苷提取物为蝉花子实体(人工培植)经粉碎,水提取,酶解,过滤,浓缩、干燥而得,收率30%。采用两种方法对蝉花核苷提取物中核苷类成分进行测定,方法1测定胸苷、腺嘌呤含量,方法2测定尿苷、肌苷、腺苷、HEA含量。
方法1参考吕慧慧等(2015)的方法制备供试品溶液,具体步骤如下:精密称取蝉花提取物粉末0.2 g于锥形瓶中,加入25 mL 20%乙醇,超声处理30 min,取出,放置室温后,过0.22 μm滤膜,作为供试品溶液。对照品溶液制备:精密称取适量对照品胸苷、腺嘌呤,加甲醇制成浓度分别为0.104 6 mg/mL、0.101 4 mg/mL的对照品溶液。精密吸取对照品溶液依次稀释成系列浓度:胸苷6.5、13.1、26.2、52.3和104.6 μg/mL;腺嘌呤6.3、12.7、25.4、50.7和101.4 μg/mL。
色谱柱:Waters Symmetry C18柱(4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 µm);流动相:甲醇(A);检测波长:260 nm;流速:1.0 mL/min;柱温:25 ℃;进样量:10 μL。具体梯度洗脱条件见表1
方法2参考牛聪聪等(2016)、钱正明等(2016)和张浩等(2018)的方法制备供试品溶液,具体步骤如下:精密称取蝉花提取物粉末0.2 g于锥形瓶中,加入5 mL 10%甲醇,超声处理30 min,取出,放置室温后,过0.22 μm滤膜,作为供试品溶液。
对照品溶液制备:精密称取对照品腺苷、HEA、尿苷、肌苷适量,加甲醇制成浓度分别为0.10、0.10、0.104、0.106 4 mg/mL的对照品溶液。精密吸取对照品溶液以此稀释成系列浓度:腺苷1.0、5.0、10.0、20.0和40.0 μg/mL;HEA 10.0、20.0和40.0 μg/mL;尿苷6.5、13.0、26.0、52.0和104 μg/mL;肌苷6.7、13.3、26.6、53.2和106.4 μg/mL。
色谱柱:Waters Symmetry C18柱(4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 µm);流动相:水(B);检测波长:260 nm;流速:1.0 mL/min;柱温:35 ℃;进样量:10 μL。具体梯度洗脱条件见表2
6周龄雄性BALB/c小鼠30只购自上海杰思捷实验动物有限公司,许可证编号:SCXK (沪) 2023-0004,饲养在温度20-26 ℃、湿度40%-70%的实验动物房中,12 h光照/黑暗环境下,可以自由进食饮水。所有动物实验过程都符合华东理工大学生物伦理委员会标准,编号:ECUST-2023-001,并遵守其相关规定。
UVB辐射使用Sigma-SS01B紫外光疗仪(311 nm)。模型建立参考Ge et al. (2024)和杨雅等(2022)的方法,实验小鼠经过7 d的适应性喂养后,使用薇婷脱毛膏以及脱毛器对小鼠背部皮肤进行脱毛,使背部裸露面积约为3 cm × 2 cm。第二天,将光疗仪固定在距离鼠背10 cm处,UVB照射剂量为36 J/cm2,照射后1 h进行皮肤给药。将30只BALB/c小鼠随机分组,分别为空白对照组(Blank)、模型对照组(Model)、阳性对照组(KFXY)、蝉花核苷提取物低浓度组(CCL, 2 mg/mL)、蝉花核苷提取物高浓度组(CCH, 4 mg/mL),空白对照组和模型对照组不予给药,其余组每只老鼠给予0.2 mL,使用医用敷料平铺在小鼠背部,停留5 min,辅以指腹按摩吸收。每天固定时间给药一次,连续7 d。
观察对比拍照记录的照片,参考李孟艳等(2019)的方法,对皮肤损伤状态进行评分。局部皮肤组织表观指标的评价标准,“-”皮肤正常,无红肿;“+”皮肤有红褐色斑点出现;“++”皮肤红肿,无渗出,浅皱纹;“+++”皮肤红肿,有渗出结痂,深皱纹。将采集的小鼠皮肤组织样本在4%的多聚甲醛溶液中固定24 h,然后进行脱水、石蜡包埋和切片,切片分别进行苏木精-伊红(HE)染色评价组织形态,马森(Masson)染色评价胶原纤维状态。
将小鼠皮肤组织匀浆离心,取上清液进行测定,样本收集后,若不立即检测,应冻存于-80 ℃冰箱。按照生化试剂盒说明书测定皮肤组织中氧化应激指标SOD,以平均光密度为单位;根据ELISA试剂盒说明书测定小鼠皮肤组织中PTGS2、TNF-ɑ、IL-1β、IL-17的含量。
小鼠皮肤组织在RIPA裂解缓冲液中匀浆,并在4 ℃、12 000 r/min离心10 min,收集上清液。使用BCA试剂盒测定蛋白质浓度。蛋白质在10% PAGE彩色(红色)凝胶上分离,并转移到PVDF膜上。将膜在室温下用5%脱脂牛奶封闭30 min后,在4 ℃下加入1:10 000稀释的一抗p-p38、p-38、1:1 000稀释的一抗MMP9、1:5 000稀释的一抗β-Actin摇床过夜孵育,然后在室温下与1:3 000稀释的HRP-山羊抗兔孵育30 min,使用 ECL试剂显影,用Image J软件分析灰度值。
实验数据采用GraphPad prism 10.3.1软件分析,各组数据以均数±标准差(¯x±s)表示,组间比较采用One-way ANOVA分布。ns为无显著性差异,*P<0.05为差异有统计学意义,**P<0.01为极显著。
根据文献以及Pubchem数据库,找到24个蝉花核苷类活性成分,根据ADME原则筛选出16个活性成分(表3),通过swisstarget、Batman、TCMSP数据库筛选对应靶点,去掉重复基因后,得到593个活性成分的靶基因。
整合从genecards、OMIM数据库得到的关于“solar dermatitis”的靶点,去掉重复序列后,共403个日光性皮炎相关靶点,与蝉花核苷类活性成分进行交集,得到57个蝉花核苷类活性成分治疗日光性皮炎的靶点(图2)。
使用Cytoscape软件优化从STRING数据库导出的蛋白-蛋白相互作用网络图,标签字体大小以及圆形形状大小对应“degree”的高低,使用其中的cytoHubba插件评分MCC,得到前10个核心靶点,分别为TNF、IL1β、AKT1、IL6、INS、IFNG、EGFR、PTGS2、CTNNB1、MAPK1,导出核心靶点图(图3)。
在此基础上,利用Network Analysis的“degree”以及“betweeness”进行深度分析,构建“药物-成分-靶点-疾病”网络图(图4),得到核心活性成分主要为胸腺嘧啶、腺嘌呤、N6-(2羟乙基)腺苷、肌苷、腺苷。胸腺嘧啶有16个相关靶点,腺嘌呤有15个,N6-(2羟乙基)腺苷有14个,肌苷、腺苷分别有11个、8个相关靶点。
对蝉花核苷类活性成分抗日光性皮炎的靶点进行GO和KEGG富集分析,并对结果进行可视化。我们获得了1 066条生物过程(biological processes, BP)、55条分子功能(molecular functions, MF)、51条细胞组分(cellular components, CC) (P<0.05),分别选取前10位进行可视化作图(图5)。发现蝉花核苷抗日光性皮炎作用的BP主要富集于磷酸化、蛋白质修饰过程的正向调节,对氧含量降低、异生物刺激的反应等;CC主要富集于膜筏、膜微域、内质网腔、细胞-基质交界处等等;MF主要富集于信号受体激活剂活性、受体配体活性、细胞因子活性、生长因子活性、氧化还原酶活性等方面。KEGG信号通路富集分析得到150条相关条目(P<0.05),选择排名前20的信号通路进行可视化作图(图6)。蝉花核苷类成分治疗日光性皮炎的信号通路主要富集于PI3K-Akt、TNF、MAPK信号通路。结果说明,GO分析中BP与蛋白质磷酸化有关,推测蝉花是通过影响特定位点的磷酸化起作用的,CC与膜筏、膜微域有关,这可能是起调节作用的特定位点的位置,MF表明分子功能的变化与信号受体、细胞因子活性相关,这可能也是一条蝉花核苷治疗日光性皮炎的路径,结合KEGG信号通路分析,蝉花核苷抗日光性皮炎的机制——PI3K-Akt、MAPK信号通路与蛋白质磷酸化、细胞因子活性、氧化还原酶有关。
将筛选出来的十大核心靶点(TNF、IL1β、AKT1、IL6、INS、IFNG、EGFR、PTGS2、CTNNB1、MAPK1)与五大核心活性成分[胸腺嘧啶、腺嘌呤、N6-(2羟乙基)腺苷、肌苷、腺苷]进行分子对接以验证网络药理学的预测结果。通常情况下,当对接结合自由能低于4 kcal/mol时,可以认为两者结合得较紧密(Mu et al. 2025)。根据autodock vina所得亲和力结果绘制出对应的分子热图(图7),可见蝉花核苷类活性成分与日光性皮炎靶点结合较好,其中PTGS2、EGFR、MAPK1与活性成分结合能最低,为了进一步了解蝉花与靶点的对接残基和位点,我们使用PyMOL软件将相应的蛋白残基进行可视化,选择前8对集合能最低的对接结果进行绘图分析(图8)。综合来看PTGS2、MAPK1结合能力更强,因此后续动物实验选择这2个指标进行检测分析,探究作用机制。
1.3.1中的方法测得蝉花核苷提取物中核苷成分含量(表4图9),可见蝉花核苷提取物中主要有胸苷、腺嘌呤、尿苷、肌苷、腺苷和HEA成分,核苷总量达2.06%。网络药理学推测出的五大核心活性成分中,此蝉花核苷提取物包括4种(腺嘌呤、HEA、肌苷、腺苷),推测有较强的抗日光性皮炎的活性。
通过第一天照射,连续7 d给药的模型,并且每天给药前进行拍照记录(图10图11A表5)。模型对照组与空白对照组对比,可见明显的红斑起皮、皮肤增厚、皮革状痂块。经过蝉花核苷提取物的给药(CCL+CCH),与模型对照组对比有明显的改善,红斑减少,愈合速度快。
HE染色结果(图11B-11D)可知,模型对照组视野内皮肤组织表皮可见小范围角化过度,局灶性颗粒层增厚,较大范围棘层肥厚;真皮层结缔组织排列较紧密,可见少量淋巴细胞散在浸润,并偶见坏死细胞碎片;皮肤附属器毛囊及皮脂腺等散在分布,数量少,偶见毛囊坏死,结构不清,与空白对照组对比明显表皮厚度增厚;经过给药后有明显的皮肤改善,CCH组视野内皮肤组织表皮表面可见大范围坏死物,较大范围角化不全;真皮层结缔组织排列紧密,可见少量淋巴细胞散在浸润;皮肤附属器毛囊及皮脂腺等散在分布,数量丰富,且表皮厚度明显改善。Masson染色结果可知,模型对照组小鼠在UVB照射后明显胶原纤维减少,皮肤松弛,经过给药后,KFXY、CCL和CCH组有明显的改善,皮肤胶原纤维增多皱纹不明显。总的结果来看,蝉花核苷提取物明显改善了UVB诱导小鼠的皮肤损伤。
为了研究蝉花核苷提取物对日光性皮炎小鼠的氧化应激和炎症的保护作用,对小鼠皮肤组织进行生化和ELISA检测(图12)。与空白对照组相比,模型对照组小鼠皮肤组织中SOD含量显著降低,PTGS2的含量显著升高,TNF-ɑ、IL-1β、IL-17等炎症因子的含量显著升高。这说明UVB照射会导致小鼠氧化应激失衡以及炎症反应的发生。给药组经过给药后有明显的改善。CCL和CCH组与模型对照组相比,可以发现给药后SOD的活性升高,PTGS2的含量显著降低,TNF-ɑ、IL-1β、IL-17等炎症因子的含量显著降低,同时呈剂量依赖性,高剂量的治疗效果更好,优于阳性药的疗效。这说明蝉花核苷提取物可以保护日光性皮炎小鼠的UVB光损伤。
为了进一步探讨蝉花核苷提取物抗日光性皮炎是否通过MAPK信号通路作用,通过Western blotting检测p38的磷酸化水平。结果显示UVB照射后小鼠皮肤组织内的p38蛋白磷酸化水平与空白对照组对比显著升高,经过蝉花核苷提取物给药后,有明显的降低(P<0.000 1)。这说明蝉花核苷提取物抗日光性皮炎是通过抑制MAPK信号通路进行作用的,这与先前的网络药理学筛选结果一致。UVB照射模型对照组的MMP9相比空白对照组有明显的含量增多,给药后有显著的降低(P<0.000 1),并且具有剂量依赖性,这与Masson染色的结果相一致(图13)。
研究发现在虫草类真菌治疗紫外线诱导的皮肤损伤中,虫草提取物可以抑制UVB诱导的角质形成细胞水通道3 (aquaporin-3, AQP3)和基质金属蛋白酶-9 (matrix metalloproteinase-9, MMP-9)的表达,从而减少胶原蛋白降解来保护皮肤(He et al. 2020);Tang et al. (2019)发现虫草提取物增强了皮肤抗光老化的能力,提高了UVB照射后的超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)的活性,并降低了UVB照射导致的丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)含量。多项研究证明虫草类中药具有成为治疗日光性皮炎药物的潜力。
研究表明虫草属中的核苷类成分主要包括尿苷、腺嘌呤、鸟苷、虫草素、肌苷、N6-(2羟乙基)腺苷等(葛琦等 2019),网络药理学发现蝉花中抗日光性皮炎的核苷类活性成分主要是胸腺嘧啶、腺嘌呤、N6-(2羟乙基)腺苷、肌苷、腺苷。分子对接主要是腺苷、肌苷、HEA与日光性皮炎靶点PTGS2、MAPK1结合紧密。HEA又称虫草菌素,是第一个生物来源的钙离子拮抗剂,具有抗紫外辐射的功效(刘宽博等 2017)。蝉花提取出的N6-(2羟乙基)腺苷(HEA)可以通过抑制TLR4介导的NF-κB信号通路来减弱脂多糖刺激的促炎反应,起到抗炎作用(Lu et al. 2015)。蝉花核苷提取物包括HEA、腺苷、尿苷,可以降低损伤睾丸组织中的炎症因子水平,提高抗氧化能力(Wang et al. 2020)。
通过网络药理学的富集分析,发现蝉花核苷类成分作用的信号通路主要富集于MAPK和PI3K-Akt信号通路。丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinases, MAPK)家族包括细胞外信号调节激酶(extracellular signal- regulated kinase, ERK)、c-Jun氨基末端激酶(c-Jun N-terminal kinase, JNK)和p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, p38 MAPK),参与调节细胞增殖、分化、凋亡和炎症反应。p38也被称为MAPK1,是MAPKs家族的亚类之一,在细胞凋亡和炎症中发挥重要作用,影响细胞死亡信号以及促凋亡(Bax)和抗凋亡(Bcl-2) (Cui et al. 2022)。Xu et al. (2024)研究发现杭白菊花蕾提取物可通过调节MAPK和Nrf2/ARE通路缓解UVB诱导的皮肤光老化。因此,后续体内小鼠实验主要围绕MAPK通路进行探究。
UVB照射皮肤导致DNA损伤,MAPK信号通路被激活(Lee et al. 2018),从而通过炎症反应,促进多种炎症细胞因子的分泌,如IL-17、TNF-α、IL-1β是体内广泛分布的促炎因子,介导炎症、细胞凋亡和免疫反应等各种生理生化反应,并进一步促进细胞炎症因子IL-6的合成,使日光性皮炎愈加严重。与此同时,UVB照射皮肤会产生大量的活性氧ROS,导致氧化应激,加重炎症反应。过量的ROS积累会激活细胞内部的程序性细胞死亡或细胞凋亡,也会诱导MAPK信号通路的激活(Xu et al. 2024)。MAPK信号通路的激活直接诱发基质金属蛋白酶分解胶原蛋白,从而导致皮肤松垮产生皱纹,这也是日光性皮炎的一大特征,所以通过马森染色测定皮肤中胶原蛋白的含量,以及测定相关指标MMP-9的蛋白水平来追踪小鼠皮肤中胶原蛋白的含量。炎症介质的释放会促进真皮成纤维细胞凋亡,增强MMP-9的表达,阻止胶原蛋白的表达,从而进一步诱导胶原降解,使皮肤光损伤。
诱导型前列腺素内过氧化物合成酶2 (PTGS2),又称环氧化酶-2 (COX-2)在与炎症信号相关的病理过程中发挥着重要作用,其表达和激活直接由激活细胞内炎症相关途径的促炎症细胞因子和生长因子诱导,包括内皮、上皮和免疫细胞(Tanaka et al. 2024)。内皮PTGS2通过增强发热、疼痛和血管生成,促进炎症性疾病的发展,包括关节炎和肿瘤大部分类型的细胞都会通过激活前列腺素内过氧化物合成酶来产生前列腺素(Alexanian & Sorokin 2017)。PTGS2定位于核膜和内质网,这与网络药理学的富集分析是一致的。
人体内储存多种抗氧化酶,如超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(glutathione S-transferase, GST)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase, GSH-Px),它们通过清除过量的ROS来维持细胞氧化还原平衡。但经过UVB照射后,抗氧化酶活性会被降低,从而破坏细胞抗氧化防御系统。活性氧的大量存在,过氧化反应的产物丙二醛间接反映了体内的活性氧含量(Kawashima et al. 2018)。
本研究的主要目的是揭示蝉花核苷提取物在细胞信号通路中的调节作用,并通过一系列实验验证其通过抑制MAPK信号通路发挥其抗日光性皮炎的作用(图14)。
蝉花核苷提取物通过多种生物学过程在日光性皮炎小鼠中发挥抗炎抗氧化作用,体现了蝉花核苷提取物多途径、多靶点的作用机制,证实了网络药理学是推动中药发展,阐明药物作用机制的一关键工具。本研究为蝉花核苷提取物在日光性皮炎治疗中的临床应用及其抗炎机制提供了科学依据。本研究还存在一些局限性,未来还将对蝉花核苷提取物皮肤毒理学以及用于治疗其他炎性皮肤病的效果和机制进行进一步的探究。
马悦文:实验、数据处理和论文撰写;李薇:数据整理、论文撰写,协助实验;叶向露:液相测试;龙文君:数据整理;王玉芹:指导实验设计;王春丽:指导实验构思、论文修改。
该研究不存在任何潜在利益冲突的商业或财务关系。
  • 国家科技重大专项(2018ZX09735002)
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2026年第45卷第3期
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doi: 10.13346/j.mycosystema.250215
  • 接收时间:2025-07-15
  • 首发时间:2026-04-30
  • 出版时间:2026-03-22
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-15
  • 录用日期:2025-08-23
基金
National Key Technology Research and Development Program(2018ZX09735002)
国家科技重大专项(2018ZX09735002)
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    1 华东理工大学药学院 制药工程与过程化学教育部工程研究中心 上海市新药设计重点实验室,上海 200237
    2 泛亚生物医药股份有限公司 浙江泛亚生命科学研究院,浙江 平湖 314200
    3 上海泛亚生命科学研究院,上海 200237

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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