Article(id=1256518447375201218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, issueId=1256518442379763982, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13346/j.mycosystema.250225, pmid=null, cstr=32115.14.j.mycosystema.250225, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1753027200000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1755878400000, acceptedDateStr=2025-08-23, onlineDate=1777506942838, onlineDateStr=2026-04-30, pubDate=1774108800000, pubDateStr=2026-03-22, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1777506942838, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1777506942838, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1777506942838, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1256518442379763982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, year='2026', volume='45', issue='3', pageStart='240320', pageEnd='250282', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1777506941647, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1777507117568, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1256519180338213460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, issueId=1256518442379763982, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1256519180338213461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, issueId=1256518442379763982, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=250225, endPage=, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1256518451187823570, articleId=1256518447375201218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, language=EN, title=Three new cultivars of Flammulina filiformis, columnId=1256518445122838804, journalTitle=Mycosystema, columnName=New cultivars, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The new Flammulina filiformis cultivar ‘Shangyan 52’ was bred by multi-spore inbreeding using the strain ‘Shangyan 1’ as parent. The basidiospores of the parent strains were mutated by normal atmospheric pressure and room temperature plasma mutagenesis. The fruiting body of ‘Shangyan 52’ is white, with numerous buds; the pileus is buckled and hemispheric, and the stipe is long. The new cultivar ‘Shangyan 76’ was bred by multi-spore inbreeding using the strain ‘T011’ as parent. The basidiospores of the parent strains were also mutated by normal atmospheric pressure and room temperature plasma mutagenesis. The fruiting body of ‘Shangyan 76’ is white; the pileus is small, thick, buckled and hemispheric, and the stipe is short and thin. The new cultivar ‘Shangyan 84’ was bred by single spore crossbreeding using the strains ‘Shangyan 1’ and ‘T011’ as parents. The fruiting body of ‘Shangyan 84’ is white, with numerous buds; the pileus is large, buckled and hemispheric, and the stipe is thick. There is no significant difference in the growth period of ‘Shangyan 52’ and ‘Shangyan 84’ and the main cultivar, and the growth period of ‘Shangyan 76’ is 2-3 days longer than that of the main cultivar.

, correspAuthors=Ruijuan WANG, Huan LU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*WANG Ruijuan, ;
LU Huan,
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ORCID: XU Zhen (0000-0002-4823-467X),

WANG Ruijuan (0000-0003-3357-9445),

LU Huan (0000-0001-7267-6016)

, authorsList=Zhen XU, Jianyu LIU, Xiaodong SHANG, Chunyan SONG, Hui YANG, Ruijuan WANG, Huan LU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1256518456271320040, articleId=1256518447375201218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, language=CN, title=三个金针菇新品种的选育报告, columnId=1256518445550657814, journalTitle=菌物学报, columnName=新品种快报, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

金针菇Flammulina filiformis品种‘上研52’以‘上研1号’菌株为亲本,利用常温室压等离子体对其孢子诱变后,多孢自交选育而得。‘上研52’子实体为白色,芽出数量多,菌盖内卷、半球形,菌柄较长。‘上研76’以‘T011’菌株为亲本,同样利用常温室压等离子体对其孢子诱变后,多孢自交选育而得。‘上研76’子实体为白色,菌盖较小、较厚、内卷、半球形,菌柄较短、较细。‘上研84’以‘上研1号’和‘T011’为亲本,将两个亲本的孢子进行常温室压等离子体诱变后,单孢杂交选育而得。‘上研84’子实体为白色,芽出数量多,菌盖较大、内卷、半球形,菌柄较粗。‘上研52’和‘上研84’的生育周期与主栽品种均无显著差异,‘上研76’的生育周期比主栽品种长2-3 d。

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三个金针菇新品种的选育报告
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徐珍 , 刘建雨 , 尚晓冬 , 宋春艳 , 杨慧 , 王瑞娟 * , 陆欢 *
菌物学报 | 新品种快报 2026,45(3): 250225
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菌物学报 | 新品种快报 2026, 45(3): 250225
三个金针菇新品种的选育报告
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徐珍, 刘建雨, 尚晓冬, 宋春艳, 杨慧, 王瑞娟* , 陆欢*
作者信息
  • 上海市农业科学院食用菌研究所 囯家食用菌工程技术研究中心 上海市农业遗传育种重点实验室,上海 201403
Three new cultivars of Flammulina filiformis
Zhen XU, Jianyu LIU, Xiaodong SHANG, Chunyan SONG, Hui YANG, Ruijuan WANG* , Huan LU*
Affiliations
  • National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
  • ORCID: XU Zhen (0000-0002-4823-467X),

    WANG Ruijuan (0000-0003-3357-9445),

    LU Huan (0000-0001-7267-6016)

出版时间: 2026-03-22 doi: 10.13346/j.mycosystema.250225
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金针菇Flammulina filiformis品种‘上研52’以‘上研1号’菌株为亲本,利用常温室压等离子体对其孢子诱变后,多孢自交选育而得。‘上研52’子实体为白色,芽出数量多,菌盖内卷、半球形,菌柄较长。‘上研76’以‘T011’菌株为亲本,同样利用常温室压等离子体对其孢子诱变后,多孢自交选育而得。‘上研76’子实体为白色,菌盖较小、较厚、内卷、半球形,菌柄较短、较细。‘上研84’以‘上研1号’和‘T011’为亲本,将两个亲本的孢子进行常温室压等离子体诱变后,单孢杂交选育而得。‘上研84’子实体为白色,芽出数量多,菌盖较大、内卷、半球形,菌柄较粗。‘上研52’和‘上研84’的生育周期与主栽品种均无显著差异,‘上研76’的生育周期比主栽品种长2-3 d。

金针菇  /  自交选育  /  杂交选育  /  常温室压等离子体诱变

The new Flammulina filiformis cultivar ‘Shangyan 52’ was bred by multi-spore inbreeding using the strain ‘Shangyan 1’ as parent. The basidiospores of the parent strains were mutated by normal atmospheric pressure and room temperature plasma mutagenesis. The fruiting body of ‘Shangyan 52’ is white, with numerous buds; the pileus is buckled and hemispheric, and the stipe is long. The new cultivar ‘Shangyan 76’ was bred by multi-spore inbreeding using the strain ‘T011’ as parent. The basidiospores of the parent strains were also mutated by normal atmospheric pressure and room temperature plasma mutagenesis. The fruiting body of ‘Shangyan 76’ is white; the pileus is small, thick, buckled and hemispheric, and the stipe is short and thin. The new cultivar ‘Shangyan 84’ was bred by single spore crossbreeding using the strains ‘Shangyan 1’ and ‘T011’ as parents. The fruiting body of ‘Shangyan 84’ is white, with numerous buds; the pileus is large, buckled and hemispheric, and the stipe is thick. There is no significant difference in the growth period of ‘Shangyan 52’ and ‘Shangyan 84’ and the main cultivar, and the growth period of ‘Shangyan 76’ is 2-3 days longer than that of the main cultivar.

Flammulina filiformis  /  inbreeding  /  crossbreeding  /  normal atmospheric pressure and room temperature plasma mutagenesis
徐珍, 刘建雨, 尚晓冬, 宋春艳, 杨慧, 王瑞娟, 陆欢. 三个金针菇新品种的选育报告. 菌物学报, 2026 , 45 (3) : 250225 - . DOI: 10.13346/j.mycosystema.250225
Zhen XU, Jianyu LIU, Xiaodong SHANG, Chunyan SONG, Hui YANG, Ruijuan WANG, Huan LU. Three new cultivars of Flammulina filiformis[J]. Mycosystema, 2026 , 45 (3) : 250225 - . DOI: 10.13346/j.mycosystema.250225
我国食用菌生产方式正逐步实现以资本和技术要素替代劳动要素的规模化、专业化、机械化即工厂化生产方式,工厂化生产方式是最具代表性的农业现代化发展模式之一,能有效推动我国食用菌产业的提质增效。金针菇Flammulina filiformis (Z.W. Ge, X.B. Liu & Zhu L. Yang) P.M. Wang et al.是我国最早实现工厂化生产的食用菌品种(李传华等 2013;戴玉成和杨祝良 2018;戴玉成等 2021),2023年我国年产量达187.38万t (中国食用菌协会 2025),居工厂化生产食用菌品种之首。我国金针菇工厂化生产的技术水平和规模均位于世界前列,对整个食用菌产业的现代化发挥重要的引领作用。金针菇工厂化生产具有高度自动化的特点,属于高投、高效率、高产出的生产方式,对生产稳定性的要求远超传统农法栽培,但还存在菌种适应性、菌种纯度不足或退化、部分生产过程的高度自动化和局部过程的低效率等主要矛盾(李勇等 2021;谭琦 2024)。尤其是优良品种的选育仍然是产业技术洼地,主要依赖对外引进,而进口品种常出现不适应、退化快等现象,导致菌盖易发生开伞、原基发生异常等严重影响正常生产的问题。随着金针菇产业的不断发展,为改良现有金针菇品种的特性,及保障工厂化生产的稳产、优产,课题组育成具有不同特性的3个金针菇新品种。
自2019年起,利用常压室温等离子体对亲本‘上研1号’的孢子诱变后,经多孢自交方式获得自交后代;同样利用常压室温等离子体对亲本‘T011’的孢子诱变后,经多孢自交获得自交后代;以‘上研1号’和‘T011’为亲本,将2个亲本的孢子分别进行常压室温等离子体诱变,再通过单孢杂交方式获得杂交后代(陆欢等 2023, 2024)。‘上研1号’和‘T011’的自交后代在实验室根据菌落形态、生长速度及摇瓶菌丝形态进行了初筛,分别得到137个和155个表现优良的菌株,‘上研1号’和‘T011’的杂交后代经过实验室初筛获得了104个表现优良的菌株。2020年起,在上海雪榕生物技术股份有限公司分别对表现优良的‘上研1号’自交后代、‘T011’自交后代、‘上研1号’和‘T011’杂交后代进行小试栽培,其中分别有83个、104个和73个菌株能形成正常的子实体。在小试初筛的基础上,分别选择生长速度较快、菇型较好、出芽数较多的20个‘上研1号’自交后代菌株,选择菌柄较粗、菌盖较小的35个‘T011’自交后代菌株,选择产量较高、生育周期较短的15个‘上研1号’和‘T011’杂交后代菌株进行小试复筛。根据小试复筛结果,分别挑选产量较高、出芽数较多的8个‘上研1号’自交后代菌株,挑选菌盖较小、产量较高的12个‘T011’自交后代菌株,挑选产量较高、菇型较好的‘上研1号’和‘T011’杂交后代菌株,并以亲本‘上研1号’和‘T011’为对照,2021年,于河北光明九道菇生物科技有限公司和山东德州雪榕生物科技有限公司进行中试试验。结果显示,编号为‘52’的‘上研1号’自交后代、编号为‘76’的‘T011’自交后代和编号为‘84’的‘上研1号’和‘T011’杂交后代表现较优异。2022-2023年,编号为‘52’ ‘76’和‘84’的3个菌株继续在山东德州雪榕生物科技有限公司、上海颂菌生物科技有限公司、福建万辰生物科技股份有限公司和河北光明九道菇生物科技有限公司进行中试栽培及示范栽培。结果表明3个菌株的特异性、一致性和稳定性均较好,其中,菌株‘52’具有芽出数量多和菌盖较小等特征,菌株‘76’具有菌盖小且厚实等特征,菌株‘84’具有芽出数量多和菌柄粗壮等特征。2024年12月,这3个菌株获得中华人民共和国农业农村部授予的植物新品种权,分别定名为‘上研52’ (CNA20231001725)、‘上研76’ (CNA20231002565)、‘上研84’ (CNA20231001723)。
依据《植物品种特异性(可区别性)、一致性和稳定性测试指南 金针菇》(NY/T 3716-2020) (全国植物新品种测试标准化技术委员会 2021)对选育的金针菇品种农艺性状进行测定和描述。
‘上研52’品种菌丝白色、无色素,细绒毛状,气生菌丝发生程度强(浓密),PDA平板上20 ℃避光培养,菌丝生长速度较快(6.29 mm/d)。成熟的子实体菌盖和菌柄的表面颜色均为白色;菌盖纵切面形状为半球形,菌盖边缘内扣,平均直径6.50 mm,平均高度4.22 mm,平均厚度2.27 mm;菌褶排列呈规则、平形;菌柄呈细长柱状、中空,平均直径2.67 mm,平均长度14.31 cm (图1);平均有效茎数达963个(以距离根部10 cm处切根计算),平均产量为474.06 g/瓶(1 100 mL) (陆欢等 2024)。栽培周期46 d (菌丝培养20 d,子实体生育时间26 d,其中原基形成时间7 d)。经测定,‘上研52’氨基酸总量3.33 g/100 g,必需氨基酸总量1.00 g/100 g。其中,‘上研52’比亲本‘上研1号’的菌盖平均直径(8.33 mm)缩小了1.83 mm;菌柄平均直径比‘上研1号’ (2.17 mm)增加了0.60 mm;平均单瓶产量比‘上研1号’ (433.35 g/瓶)提高了9.39%。
‘上研76’品种菌丝白色、无色素,细绒毛状,气生菌丝发生程度强(浓密),PDA平板上20℃避光培养,菌丝生长速度较快(6.21 mm/d)。成熟的子实体菌盖和菌柄的表面颜色均为白色;菌盖纵切面形状为半球形,菌盖边缘内扣,平均直径6.41 mm,平均高度3.36 mm,平均厚度2.61 mm;菌褶排列呈规则、平形;菌柄呈细长柱状、中空,平均直径1.89 mm,平均长度12.37 cm (图2);平均有效茎数为448个(以距离根部10 cm处切根计算),平均产量为423.55 g/瓶(1 100 mL) (陆欢等 2024)。栽培周期51 d (菌丝培养20 d,子实体生育时间31 d,其中原基形成时间11 d)。‘上研76’的氨基酸测定结果显示,氨基酸总量3.24 g/100 g,必需氨基酸总量0.77 g/100 g。其中,‘上研76’比亲本‘T011’的菌盖平均直径(7.30 mm)缩小了0.89 mm;菌盖平均厚度比‘T011’ (2.13 mm)增加了0.48 mm;菌柄平均直径比‘T011’ (2.73 mm)缩小了0.84 mm。
‘上研84’品种菌丝白色、无色素,细绒毛状,气生菌丝发生程度中等(一般浓密),PDA平板上20 ℃避光培养,菌丝生长速度中等偏快(5.82 mm/d)。成熟的子实体菌盖和菌柄的表面颜色均为白色;菌盖纵切面形状为半球形,菌盖边缘内扣,平均直径8.44 mm,平均高度4.71 mm,平均厚度2.54 mm;菌褶排列呈规则、平形;菌柄呈细长柱状、中空,平均直径3.23 mm,平均长度13.26 cm (图3);平均有效茎数达1 122个(以距离根部10 cm处切根计算),平均产量为408.67 g/瓶(1 100 mL) (陆欢等 2024)。栽培周期45 d (菌丝培养20 d,子实体生育时间25 d,其中原基形成时间8 d)。‘上研84’的氨基酸测定结果显示,氨基酸总量2.83 g/100 g,必需氨基酸总量0.76 g/100 g。其中,‘上研84’的菌盖平均直径分别比亲本‘上研1号’ (8.33 mm)和‘T011’的(7.30 mm)增大了0.11 mm和1.14 mm;菌柄平均直径分别比亲本‘上研1号’ (2.17 mm)和‘T011’ (2.73 mm)增大了1.06 mm和0.50 mm。
3个新品种‘上研52’ ‘上研76’和‘上研84’均适用于工厂化周年瓶栽生产。培养料配方为玉米芯40%,米糠30%,麸皮10%,棉籽壳6%,大豆皮3%,啤酒糟5%,豆渣5%,轻质碳酸钙1%,含水量约65%,pH自然。菌丝最适培养温度为19 °C,培养后期的空气相对湿度大于88%,避光培养20 d即可。培养好的菌瓶经搔菌、补水后转入出菇培养室,培养期间保证充分的光刺激,以形成原基。菌丝恢复培养期间最适温度为3-5 ℃,空气相对湿度大于90%。培养第15天套筒,子实体生长最适温度为5-8 ℃,空气相对湿度保持在85%左右。培养第25-31天,子实体成熟、菌盖未开伞时开始采收。
徐珍:论文撰写;刘建雨:数据处理;尚晓冬:育种指导;宋春艳:数据验证;杨慧:数据审核;王瑞娟:论文指导;陆欢:论文构思。
该研究不存在任何潜在利益冲突的商业或财务关系。
  • 上海市农业科学院卓越团队建设(沪农科卓[2022]001)
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2026年第45卷第3期
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doi: 10.13346/j.mycosystema.250225
  • 接收时间:2025-07-21
  • 首发时间:2026-04-30
  • 出版时间:2026-03-22
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-21
  • 录用日期:2025-08-23
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SAAS Program for Excellent Research Team(SPERT[2022]001)
上海市农业科学院卓越团队建设(沪农科卓[2022]001)
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    上海市农业科学院食用菌研究所 囯家食用菌工程技术研究中心 上海市农业遗传育种重点实验室,上海 201403

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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