Article(id=1256263562989847400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, issueId=1256263559323967535, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13346/j.mycosystema.250151, pmid=null, cstr=32115.14.j.mycosystema.250151, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1747497600000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1751990400000, acceptedDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineDate=1777446173664, onlineDateStr=2026-04-29, pubDate=1771689600000, pubDateStr=2026-02-22, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1777446173664, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1777446173664, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1777446173664, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1256263559323967535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, year='2026', volume='45', issue='2', pageStart='250058', pageEnd='250280', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1777446172791, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1777447435276, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1256268854674710546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, issueId=1256263559323967535, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1256268854678904851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, issueId=1256263559323967535, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=250151, endPage=, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1256263563774182250, articleId=1256263562989847400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, language=EN, title=Preventive effects of Hericium coralloides crude polysaccharides on DSS-induced chronic colitis in mice, columnId=1256263562373226548, journalTitle=Mycosystema, columnName=Research paper, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The prevention effects of Hericium coralloides polysaccharides (HCP) on chronic colitis and the impact of HCP on gut microbial communities in mice were investigated. Sixty mices were randomly divided into six groups: blank control (CK), model control (MC), positive control (PC), low-dose HCP (L-HCP), medium-dose HCP (M-HCP), and high-dose HCP (H-HCP). Biochemical indicators of serum, colonic tissue and histopathological sections were compared among these groups, and 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the relative abundance and the diversity of the intestinal microflora at the phyla and class levels. Results showed that HCP significantly reduced the levels of serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β), serum interleukin-2 (IL-2), serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the serum, and decreased the levels of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), cysteine protease 1 (Casp-1), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC) and phosphorylated p65 protein (pp65) in colonic tissue. The 16S rRNA sequencing showed that HCP significantly increased the α-diversity indices Chao1, Shannon, and observed species, reduced the Simpson index, and regulated the abundance of Bacteroides and Firmicutes, thereby reducing colonic tissue damage. In conclusion, HCP can prevent DSS-induced chronic colitis and possesses potential utilization value in the field of functional food.

, correspAuthors=Yuji JIANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail:
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ORCID: YANG Juan (0000-0002-9010-9362)

, authorsList=Juan YANG, Hongyu WANG, Jieting CHEN, Lulu CHU, Yuji JIANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1256263571944686503, articleId=1256263562989847400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, language=CN, title=珊瑚猴头菌粗多糖对DSS诱导的小鼠慢性肠炎的预防作用, columnId=1256263563312771301, journalTitle=菌物学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为研究珊瑚猴头菌子实体粗多糖(Hericium coralloides polysaccharides, HCP)对小鼠慢性肠炎的预防效果及其对肠道微生物群落的影响,将60只实验小鼠随机分为6个处理组,即空白对照(CK)、模型对照(MC)、阳性对照组(PC)以及HCP低(L-HCP)、中(M-HCP)、高(H-HCP) 3个剂量组。对比各组小鼠血清、结肠组织生化指标和结肠组织病理切片,采用16S rRNA基因高通量测序技术剖析样本微生物在门和纲分类水平上的相对丰度和群落多样性。研究发现,与模型组(MC)相比,HCP剂量组显著下调血清中白细胞介素1β (IL-1β)、白细胞介素2 (IL-2)、白细胞介素6 (IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子α (TNF-α)等炎症因子水平,并减少了结肠组织中的Toll样受体4 (TLR4)、半胱氨酸蛋白酶1 (Casp-1)、凋亡相关斑点样蛋白(ASC)和磷酸化P65蛋白(pp65)等因子含量。16S rRNA高通量测序分析显示,HCP能显著提升小鼠肠道菌群的Chao1、Shannon和observed-species多样性指数,降低Simpson指数,并通过调节拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门的丰度,有效预防小鼠结肠组织的损伤。因此,HCP能够预防DSS引发的慢性肠炎,研究结果为珊瑚猴头菇多糖在功能性食品中的应用提供科学依据。

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journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263562989847400, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Effects of HCP on weight of mice.

CK: Blank control group; MC: Model group; PC: Positive control group; L-HCP: Polysaccharide low dose; M-HCP: Polysaccharide medium dose; H-HCP: Polysaccharide high dose. The same below.

, figureFileSmall=mIx/iUUHVJw4cZeJuv7K6g==, figureFileBig=7cfojqAKWx7WHt71v+WTyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256263590382846035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263562989847400, language=CN, label=图1, caption=HCP对小鼠体重的影响

CK:空白组;MC:模型组;PC:阳性组;L-HCP:低剂量组;M-HCP:中剂量组;H-HCP:高剂量组. 下同

, figureFileSmall=mIx/iUUHVJw4cZeJuv7K6g==, figureFileBig=7cfojqAKWx7WHt71v+WTyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256263590819053657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263562989847400, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Effects of HCP on colon length of mice.

CK, blank control group; MC, model group; PC, positive control group; L-HCP, polysaccharide low dose; M-HCP, polysaccharide medium dose; H-HCP, polysaccharide high dose; Comparison with blank group, *P<0.05, **P<0.01; Comparison with model group, #P<0.05, ##P<0.01. The same below.

, figureFileSmall=oL0XbNK5EgkKeickp3UJaA==, figureFileBig=GJo+iCNibEoRPpqLPL6SWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256263591049740381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263562989847400, language=CN, label=图2, caption=HCP对小鼠结肠长度的影响

与空白组比较,*表示P<0.05,**表示P<0.01;与模型组比较,#表示P<0.05,##表示P<0.01. 下同

, figureFileSmall=oL0XbNK5EgkKeickp3UJaA==, figureFileBig=GJo+iCNibEoRPpqLPL6SWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256263591217512544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263562989847400, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Effects of HCP on inflammatory factors in mice., figureFileSmall=5xJjOTli30eIlCDtHUdIpQ==, figureFileBig=sbufLOojtMhcZhdxxK/0zg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256263591657914468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263562989847400, language=CN, label=图3, caption=HCP对小鼠血清炎症因子影响, figureFileSmall=5xJjOTli30eIlCDtHUdIpQ==, figureFileBig=sbufLOojtMhcZhdxxK/0zg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256263591876018279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263562989847400, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Effects of HCP on inflammatory factors in mice colonic tissue., figureFileSmall=T15Vp2CZORSTiF8d7wELgw==, figureFileBig=JEFyynV1VAqGGN4EGpcPcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256263593629237356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263562989847400, language=CN, label=图4, caption=HCP对小鼠结肠组织炎症因子的影响, figureFileSmall=T15Vp2CZORSTiF8d7wELgw==, figureFileBig=JEFyynV1VAqGGN4EGpcPcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256263594069639279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263562989847400, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=H&E staining of mouse colon tissue.

A: Blank control group; B: Model group; C: Positive control group; D: Polysaccharide low dose (L-HCP); E: Polysaccharide medium dose (M-HCP); F: Polysaccharide high dose (H-HCP). The rectangular red marker designates pathological involvement.

, figureFileSmall=n0tggLsmlNYBQ2NSWTLRAw==, figureFileBig=SFyqmcHenx9XIh91ciWspA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256263594279354482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263562989847400, language=CN, label=图5, caption=小鼠结肠组织H&E染色

A:空白组;B:模型组;C:阳性对照;D:多糖低剂量(L-HCP);E:多糖中剂量(M-HCP);F:多糖高剂量(H-HCP);红框区域表示病理特征

, figureFileSmall=n0tggLsmlNYBQ2NSWTLRAw==, figureFileBig=SFyqmcHenx9XIh91ciWspA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256263594761699444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263562989847400, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Effects of HCP on intestinal microbiota parameters in mice., figureFileSmall=G5eRlYgXt66MBn2xRzWdfg==, figureFileBig=frkzF+j7sZ5EeSrptijaTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256263595193712762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263562989847400, language=CN, label=图6, caption=HCP对小鼠肠道菌群指数影响, figureFileSmall=G5eRlYgXt66MBn2xRzWdfg==, figureFileBig=frkzF+j7sZ5EeSrptijaTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256263595499896955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263562989847400, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Comparative venn diagram of OTU among intestinal microbiota groups., figureFileSmall=F9hXlE4Rc17VQ72r0OIQVQ==, figureFileBig=Ufa/VC5j4QzDd2LqdH7Bzg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256263595663474815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263562989847400, language=CN, label=图7, caption=各组肠道菌群物种OTU韦恩图, figureFileSmall=F9hXlE4Rc17VQ72r0OIQVQ==, figureFileBig=Ufa/VC5j4QzDd2LqdH7Bzg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256263595785109634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263562989847400, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Composition of gut microbiota in mice of each experimental group., figureFileSmall=xRnFqeGJUACxUAiYLvrNvQ==, figureFileBig=Pvez0zAIzPJ+HpeKfX1+/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256263596053545093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263562989847400, language=CN, label=图8, caption=各组小鼠肠道微生物菌群组成, figureFileSmall=xRnFqeGJUACxUAiYLvrNvQ==, figureFileBig=Pvez0zAIzPJ+HpeKfX1+/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256263596309397640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263562989847400, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Composition of gut microbiota in mice of each experimental group., figureFileSmall=ZhTIJDuloaBadFxSiexehw==, figureFileBig=IF9iXKlIRxWT+8G5qT4wPw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256263598083588237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263562989847400, language=CN, label=图9, caption=各组小鼠肠道微生物菌群组成, figureFileSmall=ZhTIJDuloaBadFxSiexehw==, figureFileBig=IF9iXKlIRxWT+8G5qT4wPw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256263598289109137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263562989847400, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Statistical analysis of effective sequences in murine intestinal microbiota

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别
Groups
原始序
列数据
Raw sequence
data
去除低质量
序列数据
Filtered low
quality sequences
有效数据率
Valid data
rate/%
组别
Groups
原始序
列数据
Raw sequence
data
去除低质量
序列数据
Filtered low
quality sequences
有效数据率
Valid data
rate/%
CK1 97 683 91 737 93.91 L_HCP1 93 568 88 447 94.53
CK2 99 721 93 729 93.99 L_HCP2 95 306 89 874 94.30
CK3 95 036 88 939 93.58 L_HCP3 93 267 88 021 94.38
CK4 100 732 94 262 93.58 L_HCP4 92 905 87 868 94.58
CK5 98 519 92 223 93.61 L_HCP5 94 898 90 406 95.27
CK6 107 890 101 063 93.67 L_HCP6 90 408 84 576 93.55
MC1 100 436 94 882 94.47 M_HCP1 91 150 86 543 94.95
MC2 91 722 86 534 94.34 M_HCP2 98 968 93 624 94.60
MC3 98 387 92 554 94.07 M_HCP3 82 850 78 830 95.15
MC4 84 598 80 376 95.01 M_HCP4 82 152 77 193 93.96
MC5 89 636 84 905 94.72 M_HCP5 78 588 74 242 94.47
MC6 94 079 88 069 93.61 M_HCP6 84 522 79 983 94.63
PC1 104 173 98 116 94.19 H_HCP1 89 539 85 021 94.95
PC2 105 275 99 581 94.59 H_HCP2 78 716 74 128 94.17
PC3 103 417 98 525 95.27 H_HCP3 78 239 73 666 94.16
PC4 96 600 91 066 94.27 H_HCP4 77 479 73 126 94.38
PC5 105 415 99 697 94.58 H_HCP5 83 586 78 837 94.32
PC6 91 244 87 073 95.43
), ArticleFig(id=1256263598490435733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263562989847400, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

小鼠肠道菌群有效序列统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别
Groups
原始序
列数据
Raw sequence
data
去除低质量
序列数据
Filtered low
quality sequences
有效数据率
Valid data
rate/%
组别
Groups
原始序
列数据
Raw sequence
data
去除低质量
序列数据
Filtered low
quality sequences
有效数据率
Valid data
rate/%
CK1 97 683 91 737 93.91 L_HCP1 93 568 88 447 94.53
CK2 99 721 93 729 93.99 L_HCP2 95 306 89 874 94.30
CK3 95 036 88 939 93.58 L_HCP3 93 267 88 021 94.38
CK4 100 732 94 262 93.58 L_HCP4 92 905 87 868 94.58
CK5 98 519 92 223 93.61 L_HCP5 94 898 90 406 95.27
CK6 107 890 101 063 93.67 L_HCP6 90 408 84 576 93.55
MC1 100 436 94 882 94.47 M_HCP1 91 150 86 543 94.95
MC2 91 722 86 534 94.34 M_HCP2 98 968 93 624 94.60
MC3 98 387 92 554 94.07 M_HCP3 82 850 78 830 95.15
MC4 84 598 80 376 95.01 M_HCP4 82 152 77 193 93.96
MC5 89 636 84 905 94.72 M_HCP5 78 588 74 242 94.47
MC6 94 079 88 069 93.61 M_HCP6 84 522 79 983 94.63
PC1 104 173 98 116 94.19 H_HCP1 89 539 85 021 94.95
PC2 105 275 99 581 94.59 H_HCP2 78 716 74 128 94.17
PC3 103 417 98 525 95.27 H_HCP3 78 239 73 666 94.16
PC4 96 600 91 066 94.27 H_HCP4 77 479 73 126 94.38
PC5 105 415 99 697 94.58 H_HCP5 83 586 78 837 94.32
PC6 91 244 87 073 95.43
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珊瑚猴头菌粗多糖对DSS诱导的小鼠慢性肠炎的预防作用
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杨娟 1, 2 , 王宏雨 4 , 陈婕婷 2 , 褚路路 2 , 江玉姬 2, 3, *
菌物学报 | 研究论文 2026,45(2): 250151
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菌物学报 | 研究论文 2026, 45(2): 250151
珊瑚猴头菌粗多糖对DSS诱导的小鼠慢性肠炎的预防作用
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杨娟1, 2, 王宏雨4, 陈婕婷2, 褚路路2, 江玉姬2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1 安顺职业技术学院,贵州 安顺 561000
  • 2 福建农林大学食品科学学院,福建 福州 350002
  • 3 福建农林大学菌物研究中心,福建 福州 350002
  • 4 福建省农业科学院食用菌研究所,福建 福州 350012
Preventive effects of Hericium coralloides crude polysaccharides on DSS-induced chronic colitis in mice
Juan YANG1, 2, Hongyu WANG4, Jieting CHEN2, Lulu CHU2, Yuji JIANG2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Anshun Vocational and Technical College, Anshun 561000, Guizhou, China
  • 2 College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
  • 3 Mycological Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
  • 4 The Institute of Edible Fungi, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350012, Fujian, China
  • ORCID: YANG Juan (0000-0002-9010-9362)

出版时间: 2026-02-22 doi: 10.13346/j.mycosystema.250151
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为研究珊瑚猴头菌子实体粗多糖(Hericium coralloides polysaccharides, HCP)对小鼠慢性肠炎的预防效果及其对肠道微生物群落的影响,将60只实验小鼠随机分为6个处理组,即空白对照(CK)、模型对照(MC)、阳性对照组(PC)以及HCP低(L-HCP)、中(M-HCP)、高(H-HCP) 3个剂量组。对比各组小鼠血清、结肠组织生化指标和结肠组织病理切片,采用16S rRNA基因高通量测序技术剖析样本微生物在门和纲分类水平上的相对丰度和群落多样性。研究发现,与模型组(MC)相比,HCP剂量组显著下调血清中白细胞介素1β (IL-1β)、白细胞介素2 (IL-2)、白细胞介素6 (IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子α (TNF-α)等炎症因子水平,并减少了结肠组织中的Toll样受体4 (TLR4)、半胱氨酸蛋白酶1 (Casp-1)、凋亡相关斑点样蛋白(ASC)和磷酸化P65蛋白(pp65)等因子含量。16S rRNA高通量测序分析显示,HCP能显著提升小鼠肠道菌群的Chao1、Shannon和observed-species多样性指数,降低Simpson指数,并通过调节拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门的丰度,有效预防小鼠结肠组织的损伤。因此,HCP能够预防DSS引发的慢性肠炎,研究结果为珊瑚猴头菇多糖在功能性食品中的应用提供科学依据。

珊瑚猴头菌子实体粗多糖  /  慢性肠炎  /  高通量测序  /  肠道菌群

The prevention effects of Hericium coralloides polysaccharides (HCP) on chronic colitis and the impact of HCP on gut microbial communities in mice were investigated. Sixty mices were randomly divided into six groups: blank control (CK), model control (MC), positive control (PC), low-dose HCP (L-HCP), medium-dose HCP (M-HCP), and high-dose HCP (H-HCP). Biochemical indicators of serum, colonic tissue and histopathological sections were compared among these groups, and 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the relative abundance and the diversity of the intestinal microflora at the phyla and class levels. Results showed that HCP significantly reduced the levels of serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β), serum interleukin-2 (IL-2), serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the serum, and decreased the levels of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), cysteine protease 1 (Casp-1), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC) and phosphorylated p65 protein (pp65) in colonic tissue. The 16S rRNA sequencing showed that HCP significantly increased the α-diversity indices Chao1, Shannon, and observed species, reduced the Simpson index, and regulated the abundance of Bacteroides and Firmicutes, thereby reducing colonic tissue damage. In conclusion, HCP can prevent DSS-induced chronic colitis and possesses potential utilization value in the field of functional food.

Hericium coralloides fruiting body polysaccharide  /  chronic enteritis  /  high-throughput sequencing  /  intestinal microbiota
杨娟, 王宏雨, 陈婕婷, 褚路路, 江玉姬. 珊瑚猴头菌粗多糖对DSS诱导的小鼠慢性肠炎的预防作用. 菌物学报, 2026 , 45 (2) : 250151 - . DOI: 10.13346/j.mycosystema.250151
Juan YANG, Hongyu WANG, Jieting CHEN, Lulu CHU, Yuji JIANG. Preventive effects of Hericium coralloides crude polysaccharides on DSS-induced chronic colitis in mice[J]. Mycosystema, 2026 , 45 (2) : 250151 - . DOI: 10.13346/j.mycosystema.250151
珊瑚猴头菌Hericium coralloides (Scop.) Pers.是一种食药用菌,属于担子菌门Basidiomycota、蘑菇菌纲Agaricomycetes、红菇目Russulales和猴头菌科Hericiaceae (戴玉成和杨祝良2008;戴玉成等 2010;Xie et al. 2022;涂晓媛等 2023)。珊瑚猴头菌富含多糖、酚类、甾体和吡喃酮等活性物质(田敏等 2015;余金岂等 2024)。多糖是珊瑚猴头菌主要活性成分之一,具有抑制幽门螺旋杆菌、降血压、抗氧化、改善神经衰弱,促进消化(Wu et al. 2019;Pallua et al. 2021)、抗炎和抗肿瘤(Tabibzadeh et al. 2022)等功效。目前,食用菌的研究主要集中在灵芝、黑木耳、银耳、羊肚菌、香菇等品种(李梁等 2024;王林春等 2025),关于珊瑚猴头菌活性物质的研究较少(庄磊等 2024),大大限制了其应用。
慢性肠炎是一种非特异性的肠道炎症性疾病,由回肠和结肠炎症因子过度表达介导的复杂肠道疾病,常表现为腹痛、腹泻及血便等临床症状。肠道环境的稳定性是维持肠道正常生理活动的基础。相反,混乱的动态过程导致慢性炎症和病理疾病。发病机制涉及环境、遗传易感性、免疫失调和肠道菌群紊乱等因素,患者可能长期面临疾病复发风险(Jeon et al. 2020)。慢性肠炎干预方法可分为药物疗法和非药物疗法两大类。当前,治疗肠炎的药物主要有美沙拉嗪(氨基水杨酸类药物)、布地奈德(糖皮质激素)、硫唑嘌呤(免疫调节剂)和抗TNF-α单克隆抗体(生物制剂),这些药物在一定程度上能改善和控制患者的临床症状,但很难控制疾病复发(贾丽萍 2023)。因此,开发新型治疗药物已成为当前慢性肠炎治疗研究的重点方向(陈晓芬等 2023)。
研究发现,黄酮、甾醇、多糖和多酚等(赵盈等 2023)天然活性物质可缓解慢性肠炎症状,天然活性物质在治疗慢性肠炎方面比常规药物更安全,副作用小,因此大量研究都集中在天然活性物质对肠炎的影响。目前珊瑚猴头菌研究主要集中在分离纯化(Liu et al. 2024)、神经保护(Szucko-Kociuba et al. 2023)、抑郁症治疗(Chong et al. 2019)等方面,对慢性肠炎的预防治疗鲜见报道。本文研究了天然提取物珊瑚猴头菌多糖对慢性肠炎的预防作用,为食用菌产品的开发提供一定理论依据。
珊瑚猴头菌子实体由国家食用菌品种改良中心福建分中心提供。C57BL小鼠60只(北京华阜康生物科技股份有限公司),雄性,体重(18±2) g,许可证编号:SCXK (京) 2024-0003。本实验所涉及的动物实验经福建农林大学实验动物福利与伦理委员会的批准(动物实验伦理号:FS- 2024-048),并遵守其相关规定。
白细胞介素1β (IL-1β)、白细胞介素2 (IL-2)、白细胞介素6 (IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子α (TNF-α),Toll样受体4 (TLR4)、半胱氨酸蛋白酶1 (Casp-1)、凋亡相关斑点样蛋白(ASC)和磷酸化P65蛋白(pp65)检测试剂盒(江苏酶免实业有限公司);无水乙醇(天津乐丰化工产品有限公司);葡聚糖硫酸钠(dex-transodiumsulfate DSS) (MPBIO),美沙拉嗪(哈尔滨市利民经济技术开发区四平路)。
水浴锅(HH-M6,江苏新春兰科学仪器有限公司),旋转蒸发仪(RE52‐99,上海亚荣生化仪器厂),冷冻干燥机(LGJ-18S,河南兄弟仪器设备有限公司),超声波(KQ-500VDE,昆山超声仪器有限公司),离心机(DL-5-B,厦门精艺兴业科技有限公司)。
珊瑚猴头菌子实体置于80 ℃恒温烘箱中烘干,磨成粉,过60目筛备用。
珊瑚猴头菌子实体粗多糖(H. coralloides polysaccharide, HCP)采用超声波提取,取50 g珊瑚猴头菌子实体,按料液比1:40 (质量体积比)加入蒸馏水,超声波638 W,提取温度90 ℃,提取次数2次,合并提取液,离心,浓缩至原料体积1/3,然后加入无水乙醇,在4 ℃静置12 h,离心,收集沉淀物,冷冻干燥,即为粗多糖。采用苯酚硫酸法测定多糖得率。
多糖得取率(%)=m/M×100
其中m为多糖质量(g),M为珊瑚猴头菌子实体粉末质量(g),多糖得率为5.48%。
C57BL雄性小鼠60只,同室分笼饲养,12 h光照、12 h黑暗,自由饮食,温度(23±2) ℃,相对湿度(50±10)%,以基础饲料饲喂一周,适应实验环境。60只C57BL小鼠随机分为6组,分别为:空白对照(CK)、模型对照(MC)、阳性对照组(PC)、HCP低剂量组(L-HCP)、HCP中剂量组(M-HCP)和HCP高剂量组(H-HCP),每组10只。
C57BL小鼠适应性饲养1周后进行实验,MC、PC和HCP剂量组在第7天、第13天、第19天、第25天、第31天分别自由饮用4%的DSS溶液,建立预防型慢性肠炎模型。此外,每天早上9:00,CK组每只小鼠灌胃0.2 mL蒸馏水(1次),阳性药组灌胃美沙拉嗪溶液0.2 mL (200 mg/kg,1次),L-HCP、M-HCP和H-HCP组分别灌胃0.2 mL多糖溶液(剂量分别为:100、200和400 mg/kg·bw),其余时间所有组均自由饮水,共31 d。末次给药处理后,对小鼠禁食12 h,未禁水,第2天,眼球取血,3 000 ×g离心10 min,获取上清液,颈椎脱臼处死后解剖,迅速收集结肠组织和盲肠内容物,结肠组织进行HE染色,ELISA检测炎症因子含量。
血清促炎症因子(IL-1β、IL-2、IL-6和TNF-α)的检测,分别按对应试剂盒操作说明进行测定。
准确称取结肠组织0.1 g,按1:9 (质量体积比)加入0.9%生理盐水,冰水浴条件下充分研磨至匀浆,随后于4 ℃、3 000 r/min离心10 min,收集上清液备用。根据试剂盒说明测定小鼠结肠中TLR4、Casp-1、ASC、pp65的含量。
结肠组织经中性缓冲福尔马林(10%)固定24 h后,采用自动化组织系统依次经70%、80%、90%、100%乙醇梯度处理,二甲苯洗脱,石蜡包埋、切片。采用苏木精-伊红(HE)染色法对切片进行染色,中性树胶封片后,光学显微镜观察结肠组织结构。
小鼠盲肠内容物16S rRNA测序委托上海派森诺有限公司完成,测序数据通过QIIME2 (2019.4)软件进行分析处理,利用Mothur软件分析α多样性数据,使用R语言软件绘制物种累积图和α多样性指数箱形图。通过LEfSe (linear discriminant analysis effect size)分析,识别不同组的肠道菌群在门和纲水平上有显著差异的微生物物种。
采用GraphPad Prism 10软件统计处理数据和方差分析。与空白对照组比较,*表示P<0.05,**表示P<0.01;与模型组比较,#表示P<0.05,##表示P<0.01。
小鼠从第6天开始,模型组(MC)与空白组(CK)相比,随着时间的延长,体重下降情况愈发严重,小鼠出现了精神状态不佳、毛发逐渐失去光泽、消瘦等症状,小鼠健康状态逐渐变差,体重显著减轻(图1),说明4% DSS诱导小鼠急性肠炎模型建立成功实验期间CK、PC以及不同剂量HCP组的小鼠体质量均无显著差异,说明HCP对小鼠无毒性作用。
结肠炎可能导致肠道屏障功能受损,并引起肠道长度缩短(Yildirim et al. 2024)。与CK组比较,MC组结肠长度显著缩短(P<0.01),慢性炎症导致结肠上皮细胞凋亡增加(如杯状细胞丢失),黏膜屏障完整性破坏,引发持续免疫细胞浸润,这些也可以说明MC建模成功(图2)。与MC组比较,PC、L-HCP、M-HCP和H-HCP组显著恢复了结肠长度(#P<0.05),可能与其抑制IL-6/STAT3通路介导的纤维化过程有关。结肠长度缩短,表明小鼠肠道屏障受到阻碍,抑制促纤维化因子释放,暗示HCP对慢性肠炎有一定的预防效果。
小鼠摄入DSS后,可破坏小鼠结肠上皮细胞,诱发结肠炎,进而引起小鼠血液中炎症因子水平变化。与CK组比,MC组中IL-1β、IL-2、IL-6、TNF-α水平升高,具有极显著性差异(**P<0.01),表明促炎反应过度激活,这与结肠组织肠上皮屏障损伤有关;与MC组比,PC、M-HCP、H-HCP组中IL-1β、IL-2、IL-6、TNF-α水平降低,呈极显著性差异(##P<0.01),L-HCP组中TNF-α水平降低,呈显著性差异(#P<0.05,图3)。通过灌胃HCP后,HCP剂量组炎症因子水平得以恢复,可能通过抑制NLRP3炎症小体组装(如降低Caspase-1活性)或阻断TLR4信号传导实现。IL-1β、IL-2、IL-6、TNF-α水平升高与炎症发生有关,结果表明HCP对慢性肠炎有预防作用。
与CK组相比,MC组TLR4、ASC、Caspase-1、pp65含量显著上升,呈现极显著性差异(P<0.01),提示TLR4/NF-κB轴与NLRP3炎症小体协同驱动炎症级联反应;PC组呈显著性差异(P<0.05)、L-HCP组中TLR4和Caspase-1含量呈显著性差异(P<0.05),M-HCP、H-HCP组中TLR4、ASC、Caspase-1、pp65呈极显著性差异(P<0.01);与MC组比较,PC、L-HCP、M-HCP、H-HCP组TLR4、ASC、Caspase-1、pp65呈极显著降低(P<0.01,图4)。HCP干预后,可降低TLR4、ASC、Caspase-1和pp65因子水平,其机制可能与抑制MyD88依赖的信号转导和炎症小体组装有关,从而缓解DSS诱导的慢性肠炎发生。
结肠组织切片能够清晰呈现结肠组织的形态学特征和微观结构,为病理诊断提供重要依据,对组织病理变化的评估具有临床意义。与CK组比较,MC组小鼠结肠形态不规则,隐窝和杯状细胞排列紊乱、形态不清晰,出现炎症因子(图5B红框区域);与MC组比较,CK、PC、L-HCP、M-HCP、H-HCP组小鼠结肠组织形态完整,隐窝排列紧密规整,杯状细胞分布均匀且形态特征明显,整体呈现良好的组织学特征(图 5)。HE染色结果表明,HCP干预可显著促进结肠绒毛结构的发育。
深度分析小鼠盲肠内容物的肠道菌群测序数据,各组平均有效数据比率达到了94.37% (表 1),表明肠道菌群的测序数据具有较高的可靠性,可满足后续分析。
α多样性分析是衡量样本生物多样性丰富度的量化指标,一般用Chao1、Shannon、Simpson及Observed_species指数评估物种多样性。Shannon指数反映肠道微生物的多样性和均匀度,Shannon指数值越大,肠道微生物种类越多。Simpson指数反映物种的多样性,指数越大说明样本的物种丰富度越低(刘天浩等 2024)。通过不同剂量HCP灌胃后,模型组Chao1、Shannon、Observed_species指数均低于其他剂量组,模型组Simpson指数低于空白对照组,高于其他剂量组(图6)。说明DSS能引起小鼠肠道菌群紊乱,模型组肠道菌群丰度降低,通过HCP干预后,HCP剂量组增加了肠道菌群丰度。
通过HCP干涉后,6组小鼠肠道菌群内容物物种发生变化,CK组独有的肠道菌群数量为3 220个,MC组949个,PC组1 643个,L-HCP组2 362个,M-HCP组1 918个,H-HCP组1 560个,6组共有的肠道微生物物种281个 (图7)。结果表明,DSS引起小鼠肠道菌群紊乱,降低MC组肠道菌群数量,通过HCP干预后,HCP剂量组增加了小鼠肠道菌群数量,L-HCP组最接近CK组,说明,HCP能预防小鼠慢性肠炎发生,进一步选择L-HCP作后续分析。
选择排列前10的菌群丰度进行分析,CK、MC、PC、L-HCP、M-HCP、H-HCP的厚壁菌门Firmicutes相对丰度分别为47.42%、71.90%、55.14%、51.69%、49.46%、52.62%,与CK组比较,MC组丰度增加明显,有极显著性差异(**P<0.01);与MC组比较,PC组丰度下降明显,有显著性差异(#P<0.05),而L-HCP组丰度的下降幅度更大,有极显著性差异(##P<0.01) (图 8)。疣微菌门Verrucomicrobia占比分别为14.06%、24.52%、15.14%、15.68%、16.47%和15.12%,CK、MC、PC、L-HCP、M-HCP、H-HCP组拟杆菌门菌群的相对丰度分别为9.83%、6.78%、9.21%、10.18%、11.45%和10.89%,与CK组比较,MC组丰度显著降低(*P<0.05),与MC组比较,PC、L-HCP组丰度显著增加(#P<0.05)。结果说明,通过HCP干预后,HCP剂量组能降低厚壁菌门丰度,增加拟杆菌门丰度,调节肠道菌群结构丰度,改善小鼠慢性肠炎的发生,与吕国英等(2024)研究的猴头菇多糖能降低厚壁菌门丰度,增加拟杆菌门丰度结果一致。
在纲水平上,选择排列前10的菌群丰度进行分析,各组小鼠中的梭菌纲Clostridia、疣微菌纲Verrucomicrobiae占比较多(图9)。在梭菌纲菌群中,与CK组比较,MC组的丰度降低,有极显著性差异(**P<0.01);与MC组比较,PC、L-HCP组丰度增加,有极显著性差异(##P<0.01)。在疣微菌纲菌群中,与CK组比较,MC组的丰度升高,有极显著性差异(**P<0.01),与MC组比较,PC、L-HCP组丰度有极显著性差异(##P<0.01)。上述结果表明,通过DSS诱导小鼠慢性肠炎,会导致MC组菌群发生变化,经HCP干预后,L-HCP能提升菌群丰度,说明HCP能改善肠炎的发生。
慢性肠炎患者常表现出消化不良、腹痛、腹泻等多种临床症状,经肠镜检查可见其存在炎症病变特征,且病情迁延难愈,对患者的正常生活和工作造成不利影响(Zabana et al. 2017)。目前,临床多主张饮食、手术介入和药物治疗等基础治疗手段。
研究表明,慢性肠炎患者病理症状与菌群失调严重程度存在正相关性,故监测疾病患者菌群失调情况尤为重要(Vizuete et al. 2022)。目前临床采用美沙拉嗪、柳氮磺吡啶等药物治疗慢性肠炎,但存在大量的副作用。Yan et al. (2023)的研究显示,食用菌多糖有良好的药理功能,能预防慢性肠炎的发生。本实验采用DSS建立慢性肠炎模型,探究HCP对慢性肠炎的预防作用。结果显示,空白组、阳性对照组以及不同剂量HCP组小鼠体重均无显著性差异,说明HCP无毒副作用。
细胞因子在血清中的水平变化可作为炎症和免疫反应的生物标志物。白细胞介素(IL)和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)在调节肠道炎症免疫反应中起关键作用,各种因子功能、数量异常或者两类因子之间的失衡,都可导致慢性肠炎发生。肠道屏障功能受损可导致其完整性降低,进而诱导炎症因子表达上调、炎症细胞浸润及代谢稳态失衡等病理生理改变。IL-1β、IL-2、IL-6、TNF-α作为常见的促炎因子,参与炎症性肠炎的发生(Mueller 2016;Guo et al. 2023)。Xu et al. (2023)发现通过DSS诱导的肠炎血清中IL-1β、IL-2、IL-6、TNF-α含量上升,引起肠道屏障受到损害,代谢出现紊乱。Mo et al. (2024)研究发现,经DSS诱导的小鼠慢性肠炎,侧耳菌丝体多糖能降低血清中IL-1β、IL-2、IL-6、TNF-α的水平,改善结肠炎引起的临床症状和肠组织损伤,抑制促炎细胞因子的分泌。本研究结果也显示,HCP能极显著降低血清中炎症因子IL-1β、IL-2、IL-6、TNF-α水平(P<0.01),说明HCP能改善慢性肠炎的发生。
结肠组织中研究TLR4、Casp-1、ASC和pp65的含量变化对于研究慢性肠炎(如溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病)的发病机制、炎症程度以及寻找潜在治疗靶点至关重要,因此选择这4个指标作为观察指标。其中Toll样受体4 (TLR4)和Caspase-1因子是构成氧化应激与炎症反应调控路径的重要因子(李希等 2024)。ASC (凋亡相关斑点样蛋白)参与炎症小体组装和激活,Caspase-1促进IL-1β和IL-18成熟,诱导细胞凋亡。Qi et al. (2024)研究显示,核桃活性肽对硫酸葡聚糖钠诱导的小鼠结肠炎有保护作用。TLR4、ASC、Caspase-1和pp65调控炎症因子,影响炎症和细胞存活率(Gruber et al. 2024;Ma et al. 2024)。本研究结果显示,与CK组比较,MC组中TLR4、ASC、Caspase-1和pp65含量上升,表明它们在肠上皮细胞和浸润的免疫细胞中显著升高,促进大量促炎介质的释放,造成细胞组织损伤,导致肠道菌群失调。与MC组相比,HCP剂量组能够极显著降低TLR4、ASC、Casp-1和pp65含量(P<0.01),证明HCP可以减轻DSS诱导引起的慢性肠炎,结肠隐窝正常,从而防止DSS对结肠的损害。TLR4、Caspase-1、ASC和pp65这4个指标含量异常直接反映肠道屏障完整性、免疫平衡及感染风险程度,通过HCP干预后能恢复正常值,维持这些分子处于生理性低活性状态,阻断炎症级联反应,结肠组织病理切片也进一步证明了对结肠的保护作用。
通过16S rRNA高通量测序技术,研究了HCP对DSS诱导的慢性肠炎小鼠肠道菌群结构的影响。研究发现,在HCP剂量处理的组别中,拟杆菌门的菌群丰度上升,厚壁菌门的菌群丰度下降。杨克铃等(2024)通过高通量测序分析发现,冬荪多糖提高了拟杆菌门丰度,降低了厚壁菌门菌群丰度,促进短链脂肪酸的形成。Alioui et al. (2024)研究了金蘑菇多糖对硫酸葡聚糖钠诱导的小鼠结肠炎的影响,结果表明多糖可通过增强肠道屏障、调节炎症反应和重塑DSS诱导的结肠炎模型中的肠道菌群失调来改善结肠炎。疣微菌纲和梭菌纲菌群丰度的变化对调节肠道菌群有显著作用,可通过破坏黏液层完整性、导致丁酸盐缺乏、削弱肠道屏障功能以及干扰免疫调节等多种机制,共同促进肠道炎症的发生。Zhang et al. (2024)研究羊肚菌多糖对小鼠肠道菌群的影响,结果说明,羊肚菌多糖能降低疣微菌丰度;Nakahara et al. (2020)发现刺芹侧耳多糖能调节肥胖小鼠肠道菌群丰度,结果表明疣微菌丰度降低。Li et al. (2020)研究认为姬松茸多糖可改善高脂血症大鼠肠道菌群结构,提高梭菌纲菌群丰度。本研究结果表明,HCP能够调节DSS小鼠肠道菌群。
综上所述,HCP能极显著降低血清中IL-1β、IL-2、IL-6、TNF-α水平和结肠组织中TLR4、ASC、Caspase-1和pp65水平,此外,HCP可通过调节拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门丰度,改善小鼠结肠组织损伤程度。本研究结果可为珊瑚状猴头多糖以及其他食用菌多糖在功能食品领域的应用奠定理论依据。
杨娟、江玉姬:数据处理、软件作图,论文撰写及修改;王宏雨、陈婕婷、褚璐璐:论文构思、实验操作。
该研究不存在任何潜在利益冲突的商业或财务关系。
  • 安顺职业技术学院重点基金(N202304)
  • 安顺市科技计划(安市科农[2025]17号)
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2026年第45卷第2期
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doi: 10.13346/j.mycosystema.250151
  • 接收时间:2025-05-18
  • 首发时间:2026-04-29
  • 出版时间:2026-02-22
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-18
  • 录用日期:2025-07-09
基金
Key Fund of Anshun Vocational College(N202304)
安顺职业技术学院重点基金(N202304)
Science and Technology Plan of Anshun City(安市科农[2025]17号)
安顺市科技计划(安市科农[2025]17号)
作者信息
    1 安顺职业技术学院,贵州 安顺 561000
    2 福建农林大学食品科学学院,福建 福州 350002
    3 福建农林大学菌物研究中心,福建 福州 350002
    4 福建省农业科学院食用菌研究所,福建 福州 350012

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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