Article(id=1256263561706390373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, issueId=1256263559323967535, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13346/j.mycosystema.250121, pmid=null, cstr=32115.14.j.mycosystema.250121, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1745424000000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1756224000000, acceptedDateStr=2025-08-27, onlineDate=1777446173358, onlineDateStr=2026-04-29, pubDate=1771689600000, pubDateStr=2026-02-22, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1777446173358, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1777446173358, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1777446173358, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1256263559323967535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, year='2026', volume='45', issue='2', pageStart='250058', pageEnd='250280', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1777446172791, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1777447435276, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1256268854674710546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, issueId=1256263559323967535, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1256268854678904851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, issueId=1256263559323967535, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=250121, endPage=, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1256263564730483567, articleId=1256263561706390373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, language=EN, title=AM fungal community diversity and its relationships with environmental factors in the rhizosphere soil and roots of Allium ramosum in North China, columnId=1256263562373226548, journalTitle=Mycosystema, columnName=Research paper, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) plays crucial roles in terrestrial ecosystems. This study employed high-throughput sequencing to analyze the structure and diversity, ecological distribution patterns, and relationships with soil factors of AM fungal communities in the rhizosphere soil and roots of Allium ramosum at different elevations on Chunkun Mountain in North China. In total, 1 431 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) belonging to 95 AM fungal virtual taxa (VTs) encompassing 7 families and 8 genera were obtained from rhizosphere soil and root samples. Among these, the genus Ambispora was exclusively detected in the rhizosphere soil. The genus with the highest relative abundance was Glomus, and Claroideoglomus was the next. Altitude significantly influenced the diversity of AM fungal communities in the rhizosphere soil and roots of A. ramosum. The Chao1 indices for both roots and rhizosphere soil, together with the root Shannon index, peaked in the middle altitude range, whereas the Shannon index of rhizosphere soil reached its highest value in the high-altitude range. The AM fungal alpha diversity index in the rhizosphere soil was significantly higher than that in the roots (P<0.05), suggesting that roots exhibit selectivity towards symbiotic AM fungi. The results of the redundancy analysis (RDA) and the Monte Carlo permutation test indicated that soil organic carbon is a key driving factor for the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities in the rhizosphere soil and roots of A. ramosum (P<0.001). Total phosphorus also had highly significant influence on the AM fungal community in rhizosphere soil (P<0.001). This study provides reference for the further development and utilization of A. ramosum.

, correspAuthors=Qi WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail:
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ORCID: WANG Yiming (0009-0003-7265-8389)

, authorsList=Yiming WANG, Qi WANG, Guangda LIU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1256263571281986464, articleId=1256263561706390373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, language=CN, title=中国北方春坤山野韭Allium ramosum根际土和根系AM真菌的多样性及其影响因素, columnId=1256263563312771301, journalTitle=菌物学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhiza, AM)在陆地生态系统中发挥着至关重要的作用。本研究采用高通量测序技术分析了中国北方春坤山不同海拔野韭Allium ramosum根际土和根系AM真菌群落的结构和多样性、生态分布规律以及与土壤因子之间关系。从根际土和根系共检测出属于95个AM真菌虚拟分类单元(virtual taxa, VT) 1 431个扩增子序列变体(amplicon sequence variant, ASV),这些物种属于7科,8属。其中Ambispora仅出现在根际土。相对丰度最高属是Glomus,其次为Claroideoglomus。海拔显著影响野韭根际土和根系AM真菌群落多样性。根系和根际土Chao1指数、根系Shannon指数均在中海拔区出现最高值,而根际土Shannon指数最高值在高海拔区。野韭根际土AM真菌α多样性指数显著高于根系(P<0.05),表明根系对共生AM真菌具有选择性。基于冗余分析(RDA)和Monte Carlo检验结果,土壤有机碳(P<0.001)对野韭根际土和根系AM真菌群落有极显著影响,此外,全磷也显著影响根际土AM真菌群落(P<0.001)。本研究探讨了不同海拔野韭根际土和根系AM真菌群落结构、多样性与土壤理化性质之间的关系,为野韭进一步开发利用提供了理论依据。

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articleId=1256263561706390373, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=36, issue=7, pageStart=820, pageEnd=850, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[75], rfOrder=74, authorNames=王幼珊, 刘润进, journalName=菌物学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王幼珊, 刘润进, 2017. 球囊菌门丛枝菌根真菌最新分类系统菌种名录. 菌物学报, 36(7): 820-850, articleTitle=球囊菌门丛枝菌根真菌最新分类系统菌种名录, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256263612113535305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263561706390373, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=42, issue=10, pageStart=2041, pageEnd=2062, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[76], rfOrder=75, authorNames=张从明, 满孝武, 吴芳, 员瑗, 边禄森, journalName=菌物学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张从明, 满孝武, 吴芳, 员瑗, 边禄森, 2023. 北京西山油松Pinus tabuliformis 和樟子松P. sylvestris var. mongolica 人工林土壤-林木连续体微生物群落比较. 菌物学报, 42(10): 2041-2062, articleTitle=mongolica 人工林土壤-林木连续体微生物群落比较, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1256263595567005821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, 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Medical College, Baotou 014040, Inner Mongolia, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1256263572326368174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263561706390373, companyId=1256263572208927660, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=包头医学院药学院,内蒙古 包头 014040)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1256263585169326120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263561706390373, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Hierarchical clustering analysis of AM fungal communities in rhizosphere soil and roots of Allium ramosum along an elevational gradient., figureFileSmall=tFiVj4SEVep88nvQN8QCFg==, figureFileBig=MPDuffjKm2VTrgZiC5/60A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256263585676836912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263561706390373, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同海拔野韭根际土和根系AM真菌群落的层次聚类分析, figureFileSmall=tFiVj4SEVep88nvQN8QCFg==, figureFileBig=MPDuffjKm2VTrgZiC5/60A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256263586498920503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263561706390373, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Petal diagram of AM fungal VTs in rhizosphere soil and roots of Allium ramosum at different elevations.

Each sample has unique and shared VTs.

, figureFileSmall=oGqDPE+9qkA6ulvVg8ykvQ==, figureFileBig=CtNuT98QvkUOrb0w3HI8Bg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256263586930933820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263561706390373, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同海拔野韭根际土和根系AM真菌的花瓣图

每个样品有不同的AM真菌的VTs,也有共同的VTs

, figureFileSmall=oGqDPE+9qkA6ulvVg8ykvQ==, figureFileBig=CtNuT98QvkUOrb0w3HI8Bg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256263587308421183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263561706390373, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Boxplots of the Chao1, Shannon, Simpson, and Pielou indices of AM fungi in the rhizosphere soil and roots of Allium ramosum at different elevations.

Different letters in the same color indicate significant differences at P<0.05.

, figureFileSmall=zcqJoqdFW04u3jg6QHCODQ==, figureFileBig=1/3y3Rk3abDa5uqvk3/HQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256263589007114307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263561706390373, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同海拔野韭根际土和根系AM真菌Chao1指数、Shannon指数、Simpson指数和Pielou指数的箱线图

相同颜色的不同字母表示在P<0.05下的显著性差异

, figureFileSmall=zcqJoqdFW04u3jg6QHCODQ==, figureFileBig=1/3y3Rk3abDa5uqvk3/HQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256263589229412424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263561706390373, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Relative abundances of the top 10 AM fungal virtual taxa (VTs) in rhizosphere soil (A) and roots (B) of Allium ramosum along an elevational gradient., figureFileSmall=yhuNnmQMtf5UHu4nHnBY9Q==, figureFileBig=2g3pcDslq+4aVkBLzEgi4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256263589493653578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263561706390373, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同海拔高度下野韭根际土(A)和根系中(B)丰度最高的10种AM真菌种(虚拟分类单元,VTs)的相对丰度, figureFileSmall=yhuNnmQMtf5UHu4nHnBY9Q==, figureFileBig=2g3pcDslq+4aVkBLzEgi4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256263589770477647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263561706390373, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Hierarchical clustering heatmap of the top 35 AM fungal VTs by relative abundance in the rhizosphere soil and roots of Allium ramosum across an elevational gradient.

Colors from blue to red indicating increasing VT abundance.

, figureFileSmall=YheVQFsPQ3CnB73YXJ+JuA==, figureFileBig=n5dEcFoe2u6G6wHyEefFrQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256263590315737169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263561706390373, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同海拔高度下野韭根际土和根系相对多度前35种AM真菌VTs的分层聚类热图

颜色从蓝色到红色表示VT的丰度逐渐增加

, figureFileSmall=YheVQFsPQ3CnB73YXJ+JuA==, figureFileBig=n5dEcFoe2u6G6wHyEefFrQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256263590441566292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263561706390373, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=RDA ordination of AM fungal communities in the rhizosphere soil (A) and roots (B) of Allium ramosum in relation to soil properties.

SOC, soil organic carbon; TN, total nitrogen; TP, total phosphorus; AN, available nitrogen; AP, available phosphorus. The same below.

, figureFileSmall=hK8NzMWsYVCexuLU4uT61A==, figureFileBig=DZcp+h6IjgJ5e9PMquY5xA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256263590705807447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263561706390373, language=CN, label=图6, caption=土壤性质与野韭根际土(A)和根系(B) AM真菌群落的RDA排序

SOC:土壤有机碳;TN:全氮;TP:全磷;AN:有效氮;AP:有效磷;下同

, figureFileSmall=hK8NzMWsYVCexuLU4uT61A==, figureFileBig=DZcp+h6IjgJ5e9PMquY5xA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256263590848413787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263561706390373, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Correlation analysis between soil environmental factors and the relative abundance of AM fungal communities at different taxonomic levels.

A: Rhizosphere soil, at the genus level; B: Roots, at the genus level; C: Rhizosphere soil, at the species level; D: Roots, at the genus level. * Indicates a significant correlation at P<0.05; ** Indicates a significant correlation at P<0.01.

, figureFileSmall=zE2Fxz296anwN2Q8Ax3eww==, figureFileBig=0tEfN7HGqexiBvoNMD3e4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256263591074906207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263561706390373, language=CN, label=图7, caption=土壤环境因子与不同分类水平AM真菌群落相对丰度的相关性分析

A:根际土属水平;B:根系属水平;C:根际土种水平;D:根系属水平;*表示P<0.05水平的显著相关,**表示P<0.01水平的显著相关

, figureFileSmall=zE2Fxz296anwN2Q8Ax3eww==, figureFileBig=0tEfN7HGqexiBvoNMD3e4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256263591221706849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263561706390373, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Soil physicochemical properties and spore density in sampling sites

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样地
Sites
土壤性质
Soil properties
经纬度
Latitude &
longitude
pH 有机碳
SOC/(g/kg)
全氮
TN/(g/kg)
全磷
TP/(mg/kg)
有效氮
AN/(g/kg)
有效磷
AP/(mg/kg)
孢子密度SD
/(spores/
20 g soil)
S289 41°00′98″N,
110°59′99″E
6.23±0.06 b 86.03±0.55 a 5.07±0.06 b 749.34±1.95 c 0.53±0.22 a 57.95±1.64 a 54±5 a
S340 41°00′14″N,
110°60′83″E
6.40±0.17 ab 63.47±3.33 a 5.10±0.01 b 754.26±7.61 c 0.41±0.01 ab 55.91±0.86 a 33±4 c
S380 41°00′97″N,
110°60′22″E
6.20±0.10 b 84.38±1.26 ab 6.63±0.03 a 864.29±5.23 a 0.45±0.01 ab 70.03±0.63 a 44±6 b
S611 41°00′02″N,
110°60′35″E
6.70±0.00 a 61.03±0.30 b 4.69±0.00 c 672.32±5.50 d 0.42±0.03 ab 101.89±1.45 a 31±5 c
S652 41°00′70″N,
110°60′13″E
6.50±0.10 ab 59.68±0.06 c 6.40±0.01 a 757.82±5.00 c 0.46±0.00 ab 90.67±0.01 a 27±6 c
S749 41°00′73″N,
110°60′35″E
6.10±0.10 b 80.31±0.09 ab 6.85±0.06 a 865.26±4.79 a 0.22±0.01 c 61.59±1.65 a 17±2 d
S846 41°00′56″N,
110°60′33″E
6.30±0.20 b 57.02±0.97 c 2.51±0.00 d 805.58±0.34 b 0.38±0.01 b 70.43±0.71 a 32±4 c
), ArticleFig(id=1256263591662108773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263561706390373, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各样地土壤性质和孢子密度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样地
Sites
土壤性质
Soil properties
经纬度
Latitude &
longitude
pH 有机碳
SOC/(g/kg)
全氮
TN/(g/kg)
全磷
TP/(mg/kg)
有效氮
AN/(g/kg)
有效磷
AP/(mg/kg)
孢子密度SD
/(spores/
20 g soil)
S289 41°00′98″N,
110°59′99″E
6.23±0.06 b 86.03±0.55 a 5.07±0.06 b 749.34±1.95 c 0.53±0.22 a 57.95±1.64 a 54±5 a
S340 41°00′14″N,
110°60′83″E
6.40±0.17 ab 63.47±3.33 a 5.10±0.01 b 754.26±7.61 c 0.41±0.01 ab 55.91±0.86 a 33±4 c
S380 41°00′97″N,
110°60′22″E
6.20±0.10 b 84.38±1.26 ab 6.63±0.03 a 864.29±5.23 a 0.45±0.01 ab 70.03±0.63 a 44±6 b
S611 41°00′02″N,
110°60′35″E
6.70±0.00 a 61.03±0.30 b 4.69±0.00 c 672.32±5.50 d 0.42±0.03 ab 101.89±1.45 a 31±5 c
S652 41°00′70″N,
110°60′13″E
6.50±0.10 ab 59.68±0.06 c 6.40±0.01 a 757.82±5.00 c 0.46±0.00 ab 90.67±0.01 a 27±6 c
S749 41°00′73″N,
110°60′35″E
6.10±0.10 b 80.31±0.09 ab 6.85±0.06 a 865.26±4.79 a 0.22±0.01 c 61.59±1.65 a 17±2 d
S846 41°00′56″N,
110°60′33″E
6.30±0.20 b 57.02±0.97 c 2.51±0.00 d 805.58±0.34 b 0.38±0.01 b 70.43±0.71 a 32±4 c
), ArticleFig(id=1256263591892795496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263561706390373, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

AM fungal colonization rate in Allium ramosum at different elevation on Chunkun mountain

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样地
Sites
菌根侵染率
AM fungal colonization rate (%)
丛枝
Arbuscules
泡囊
Vesicles
菌丝
Hyphae
R289 19.76±2.78 a 65.44±6.01 a 1.08±1.33 b
R340 14.70±5.88 ab 61.05±5.06 ab 4.43±3.38 b
R380 12.70±0.68 b 46.04±2.58 b 8.34±2.88 ab
R611 8.06±4.39 b 50.82±5.02 b 8.56±3.28 ab
R652 6.69±3.65 b 51.93±8.54 b 11.71±2.92 a
R749 19.49±4.31 a 66.57±5.06 a 4.65±1.90 b
R846 16.68±2.56 ab 62.91±4.04 a 6.85±1.05 b
), ArticleFig(id=1256263593612460139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263561706390373, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

春坤山不同海拔野韭AM真菌的侵染率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样地
Sites
菌根侵染率
AM fungal colonization rate (%)
丛枝
Arbuscules
泡囊
Vesicles
菌丝
Hyphae
R289 19.76±2.78 a 65.44±6.01 a 1.08±1.33 b
R340 14.70±5.88 ab 61.05±5.06 ab 4.43±3.38 b
R380 12.70±0.68 b 46.04±2.58 b 8.34±2.88 ab
R611 8.06±4.39 b 50.82±5.02 b 8.56±3.28 ab
R652 6.69±3.65 b 51.93±8.54 b 11.71±2.92 a
R749 19.49±4.31 a 66.57±5.06 a 4.65±1.90 b
R846 16.68±2.56 ab 62.91±4.04 a 6.85±1.05 b
), ArticleFig(id=1256263593914450030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263561706390373, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Correlation between the mycorrhizal colonization rate of Allium ramosum and soil properties on Chunkun mountain

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
pH 有机碳
SOC
全氮
TN
全磷
TP
有效氮
AN
有效磷
AP
丛枝
Arbuscules
/%
泡囊
Vesicles
/%
菌丝
Hyphae
/%
pH 1
有机碳 SOC -0.600** 1
全氮TN -0.230 0.547 1
全磷TP -0.778** 0.492* 0.361 1
有效氮AN 0.274 0.043 -0.105 -0.374 1
有效磷AP 0.710** -0.522* -0.036 -0.537* 0.121 1
丛枝Arbuscules/% -0.687** 0.445* -0.119 0.406 -0.164 -0.738** 1
泡囊Vesicles/% -0.362 0.085 -0.269 0.099 -0.340 -0.554** 0.463* 1
菌丝Hyphae/% 0.449* -0.432 0.125 -0.068 0.055 0.655** -0.587** -0.791** 1
), ArticleFig(id=1256263594254188656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263561706390373, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

春坤山野韭菌根侵染率与土壤性质的相关性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
pH 有机碳
SOC
全氮
TN
全磷
TP
有效氮
AN
有效磷
AP
丛枝
Arbuscules
/%
泡囊
Vesicles
/%
菌丝
Hyphae
/%
pH 1
有机碳 SOC -0.600** 1
全氮TN -0.230 0.547 1
全磷TP -0.778** 0.492* 0.361 1
有效氮AN 0.274 0.043 -0.105 -0.374 1
有效磷AP 0.710** -0.522* -0.036 -0.537* 0.121 1
丛枝Arbuscules/% -0.687** 0.445* -0.119 0.406 -0.164 -0.738** 1
泡囊Vesicles/% -0.362 0.085 -0.269 0.099 -0.340 -0.554** 0.463* 1
菌丝Hyphae/% 0.449* -0.432 0.125 -0.068 0.055 0.655** -0.587** -0.791** 1
), ArticleFig(id=1256263594812031093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263561706390373, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Relative abundance of AM fungal spores in rhizosphere soil along an elevational gradient/%

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
AM真菌种类
AM fungal species
S289 S340 S380 S611 S652 S749 S846
无梗囊霉属 Acaulospora
Acaulospora sp1 3.70 5.88 4.55 3.23
Acaulospora sp2 9.26 5.88 15.91 6.45 7.41 11.76 6.25
近明球囊霉属 Claroideoglomus
C. claroideum 20.37 38.24 6.82 38.71 7.41 11.76 46.87
多孢囊霉属 Diversispora
Dive. spurca 3.70 2.94 11.76
斗管囊霉属 Funneliformis
F. mosseae 9.26 2.94 11.36 11.11 5.88
F. geosporus 18.52 11.36 38.71 40.74 17.65 9.38
球囊霉属 Glomus
G. microaggregatum 22.22 14.71 40.91 12.90 14.81 23.53 18.75
隔球囊霉属 Septoglomus
S. constrictum 12.97 29.41 9.09 18.52 17.65 18.75
), ArticleFig(id=1256263595114020985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263561706390373, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同海拔根际土AM真菌孢子的相对多度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
AM真菌种类
AM fungal species
S289 S340 S380 S611 S652 S749 S846
无梗囊霉属 Acaulospora
Acaulospora sp1 3.70 5.88 4.55 3.23
Acaulospora sp2 9.26 5.88 15.91 6.45 7.41 11.76 6.25
近明球囊霉属 Claroideoglomus
C. claroideum 20.37 38.24 6.82 38.71 7.41 11.76 46.87
多孢囊霉属 Diversispora
Dive. spurca 3.70 2.94 11.76
斗管囊霉属 Funneliformis
F. mosseae 9.26 2.94 11.36 11.11 5.88
F. geosporus 18.52 11.36 38.71 40.74 17.65 9.38
球囊霉属 Glomus
G. microaggregatum 22.22 14.71 40.91 12.90 14.81 23.53 18.75
隔球囊霉属 Septoglomus
S. constrictum 12.97 29.41 9.09 18.52 17.65 18.75
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中国北方春坤山野韭Allium ramosum根际土和根系AM真菌的多样性及其影响因素
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王一鸣 , 王启 * , 刘广达
菌物学报 | 研究论文 2026,45(2): 250121
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菌物学报 | 研究论文 2026, 45(2): 250121
中国北方春坤山野韭Allium ramosum根际土和根系AM真菌的多样性及其影响因素
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王一鸣, 王启* , 刘广达
作者信息
  • 包头医学院药学院,内蒙古 包头 014040
AM fungal community diversity and its relationships with environmental factors in the rhizosphere soil and roots of Allium ramosum in North China
Yiming WANG, Qi WANG* , Guangda LIU
Affiliations
  • School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, Inner Mongolia, China
  • ORCID: WANG Yiming (0009-0003-7265-8389)

出版时间: 2026-02-22 doi: 10.13346/j.mycosystema.250121
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丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhiza, AM)在陆地生态系统中发挥着至关重要的作用。本研究采用高通量测序技术分析了中国北方春坤山不同海拔野韭Allium ramosum根际土和根系AM真菌群落的结构和多样性、生态分布规律以及与土壤因子之间关系。从根际土和根系共检测出属于95个AM真菌虚拟分类单元(virtual taxa, VT) 1 431个扩增子序列变体(amplicon sequence variant, ASV),这些物种属于7科,8属。其中Ambispora仅出现在根际土。相对丰度最高属是Glomus,其次为Claroideoglomus。海拔显著影响野韭根际土和根系AM真菌群落多样性。根系和根际土Chao1指数、根系Shannon指数均在中海拔区出现最高值,而根际土Shannon指数最高值在高海拔区。野韭根际土AM真菌α多样性指数显著高于根系(P<0.05),表明根系对共生AM真菌具有选择性。基于冗余分析(RDA)和Monte Carlo检验结果,土壤有机碳(P<0.001)对野韭根际土和根系AM真菌群落有极显著影响,此外,全磷也显著影响根际土AM真菌群落(P<0.001)。本研究探讨了不同海拔野韭根际土和根系AM真菌群落结构、多样性与土壤理化性质之间的关系,为野韭进一步开发利用提供了理论依据。

丛枝菌根真菌  /  群落结构  /  海拔  /  土壤  /  野韭

Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) plays crucial roles in terrestrial ecosystems. This study employed high-throughput sequencing to analyze the structure and diversity, ecological distribution patterns, and relationships with soil factors of AM fungal communities in the rhizosphere soil and roots of Allium ramosum at different elevations on Chunkun Mountain in North China. In total, 1 431 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) belonging to 95 AM fungal virtual taxa (VTs) encompassing 7 families and 8 genera were obtained from rhizosphere soil and root samples. Among these, the genus Ambispora was exclusively detected in the rhizosphere soil. The genus with the highest relative abundance was Glomus, and Claroideoglomus was the next. Altitude significantly influenced the diversity of AM fungal communities in the rhizosphere soil and roots of A. ramosum. The Chao1 indices for both roots and rhizosphere soil, together with the root Shannon index, peaked in the middle altitude range, whereas the Shannon index of rhizosphere soil reached its highest value in the high-altitude range. The AM fungal alpha diversity index in the rhizosphere soil was significantly higher than that in the roots (P<0.05), suggesting that roots exhibit selectivity towards symbiotic AM fungi. The results of the redundancy analysis (RDA) and the Monte Carlo permutation test indicated that soil organic carbon is a key driving factor for the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities in the rhizosphere soil and roots of A. ramosum (P<0.001). Total phosphorus also had highly significant influence on the AM fungal community in rhizosphere soil (P<0.001). This study provides reference for the further development and utilization of A. ramosum.

arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi  /  community structure  /  altitude  /  soil  /  Allium ramosum
王一鸣, 王启, 刘广达. 中国北方春坤山野韭Allium ramosum根际土和根系AM真菌的多样性及其影响因素. 菌物学报, 2026 , 45 (2) : 250121 - . DOI: 10.13346/j.mycosystema.250121
Yiming WANG, Qi WANG, Guangda LIU. AM fungal community diversity and its relationships with environmental factors in the rhizosphere soil and roots of Allium ramosum in North China[J]. Mycosystema, 2026 , 45 (2) : 250121 - . DOI: 10.13346/j.mycosystema.250121
丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhiza, AM)真菌能与约80%的陆生植物和超过95%的植物科形成共生关系(Smith & Read 2008)。作为地上与地下生态系统之间的重要纽带(Willing et al. 2024),AM真菌帮助植物吸收土壤营养,尤其是磷和氮,提高植物对非生物胁迫(如盐碱、干旱和重金属)和生物胁迫(如土壤病原体,包括真菌、细菌和线虫)的抵抗力,影响植物的生理机能和次生代谢过程(Begum et al. 2019;Diagne et al. 2020;Fall et al. 2022;胡学意等2023;Wu et al. 2023;Wu et al. 2024),作为交换,植物为其提供碳和脂类以维持这种互利关系(Jiang et al. 2017;Roth & Paszkowski 2017)。此外,AM真菌在维持生态系统功能和稳定性方面具有重要意义,如促进土壤团聚体的形成和稳定、碳的固存、为微生物提供更好的栖息地,以及在调节植物群落和生态系统演替中发挥重要作用(Rillig et al. 2003;Powell & Rillig 2018;Ma et al. 2023)。
分析土壤AM真菌沿环境梯度的分布格局和群落结构,对于理解其生态系统功能和稳定性至关重要(Davison et al. 2015;Meyer et al. 2018;张从明等2023)。山地生态系统因其显著的环境梯度,为研究AM真菌多样性提供了独特的环境。研究表明,AM真菌多样性的海拔分布模式复杂多样,包括随海拔单调递减(Zhang et al. 2021)、随海拔升高而增加(Yan et al. 2023)以及在中海拔区域达到最大值(Coutinho et al. 2015)等多种形式。例如,秦岭太白山的研究显示,AM真菌多样性随海拔升高呈现出三次函数的变化趋势(Zhang et al. 2021)。而在热带山地的中高海拔地区,AM真菌物种的多样性更高(Vieira et al. 2019)。这些不同的研究结果表明,沿海拔梯度的生物和非生物因素强烈影响着AM真菌群落结构,且在不同自然生态系统间存在差异。其中海拔变化引起的气候、植被、土壤等因素显著影响AM真菌。例如,在日本中部沿海拔梯度研究发现,AM真菌群落主要受到土壤pH和降水的影响(Liu et al. 2023)。在巴西山地,海拔和土壤因子对AM真菌群落有显著影响(Vieira et al. 2019)。深入研究这些差异有助于我们全面了解AM真菌多样性随海拔变化的规律,探究其群落动态及驱动因素,从而为AM真菌生物功能在各领域的应用提供理论基础。
根际土和根系AM真菌在植物生理和生态中扮演着不同但互补的角色。这两种生境中AM真菌群落在功能分化和生物量分配方面有显著差异。根系AM真菌用于直接的养分交换和抗逆(例如Glomus属在根部占主导地位),而根际AM真菌通常多样性更高,有助于更广泛的功能,如养分获取、土壤结构和微生物互作(例如,Acaulospora偏好出现在根际土) (Chagnon et al. 2013)。研究表明,海拔显著影响了七子花Heptacodium miconioides根系AM真菌的群落多样性,其中α多样性随海拔呈线性下降,而七子花根际土的AM真菌α多样性则未观察到显著海拔相关性(Li et al. 2025)。此外,根际土和根系的AM真菌多样性差异还会随海拔升高而减小(Zhao et al. 2020;Li et al. 2025)。目前,大多数研究仍集中在农田和草地生态系统,对山地生态系统中沿海拔梯度的根际土和根系AM真菌多样性变化的研究十分有限。因此,探究沿海拔的这些模式对于理解驱动海拔相关多样性变化的因素及其生态学意义至关重要。
春坤山位于内蒙古包头市,地处草原与荒漠过渡带,降水丰沛、土壤有机质含量高,孕育了丰富的生物多样性,形成了内蒙古西部独具特色的高山草甸景观。野韭Allium ramosum为百合科葱属植物,具有耐寒、抗旱等特性,广泛分布于我国北方草地。野韭兼具食用和药用价值,有补肾提神、健胃暖胃、散血除湿等多种功效,并因其独特风味而备受青睐。研究表明,野韭富含硫化物和多酚类化合物,具有抑菌、抗氧化作用,是一种具有潜在开发价值的野生植物资源(付常兴等 2022)。已有研究表明,内蒙古中西部草原和荒漠中的野韭表现出较高的菌根侵染率和AM真菌多样性,且随着生存环境变化而改变(包玉英 2004;党学峰 2017;王平 2021)。然而,海拔对野韭AM真菌多样性影响的研究尚未见报道。因此,本研究采用高通量测序技术,研究春坤山不同海拔根际土和根系AM真菌群落的多样性,并分析春坤山土壤因子与野韭AM真菌群落的相关性。这将为野韭的人工种植和进一步开发利用提供理论基础。
春坤山(40°58′34″N,110°37′08″E,海拔2 353 m)位于内蒙古包头市固阳县境内,是包头市辖区的最高点。山势呈东西走向,东高西低,主要地貌为石山区,坡度平缓,沟壑纵横。由于特殊的地理位置,春坤山保护区形成了西部山区独特的气候环境,表现为气温较低,年平均气温为2.0-2.6 ℃,无霜期短,仅为85-95 d。降水相对较多,年降水量为300-600 mm,属于半湿润地区。该区域植物组成以禾本科、菊科、唇形科、豆科和蔷薇科为主,这些科的植物占据了植物物种总数的一半以上,植物生活型以多年生草本为主。同时还生长着柄扁桃Amygdalus pedunculata、蒙古莸Caryopteris mongolica、蒙古黄芪Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus等濒危植物。
样本于2014年9月采集于野韭生长区域。选取7个海拔高度(2 228.9、2 234.0、2 238.0、2 261.1、2 265.2、2 274.9、2 284.6 m) (表1)进行采样。在每个海拔高度,随机设置3个20 m × 20 m的样方。在每个样方内,随机选取3株野韭,采集其根际土壤和根系,混合后作为一个代表该样方的混合样本。每个海拔高度获得3个重复的根际土和根系样品,总计21个土壤样品和21个根系样品。使用无菌毛刷收集附着于根表面的土壤,并过1 mm筛。将每个样本的根际土充分混合后(分别标记为S289、S340、S380、S611、S652、S749、S846),取10 g置于-80 ℃冰箱保存,另取100 g置于-4 ℃冰箱保存。同时,采集野韭根系(分别标记为R289、R340、R380、R611、R652、R749、R846),一部分置于2 mL离心管中,以液氮保存;另一部分装入密封袋,用于侵染率的测定。
采用重铬酸钾水合加热法测定土壤有机碳(soil organic carbon, SOC),凯式半微量定氮法测定土壤全氮(total nitrogen, TN),用钼锑抗比色法测土壤全磷(total phosphorus, TP),碱解扩散法测定有效氮(available nitrogen, AN),碳酸氢钠-钼锑抗比色法测土壤有效磷(available phosphorus, AP),酸度计法测定土壤pH值(鲍士旦 2018)。土壤理化性质测定结果见表1
采用湿筛倾注,蔗糖密度梯度离心法分离土壤孢子(Morton 1995;Smith & Read 1997)。套筛孔径大小分别为800、250和55 μm。在体视显微镜下镜检分离得到的孢子,记录AM真菌孢子的数量及形态。孢子果用解剖针小心分离释放孢子计数。将分离出的孢子用毛细管吸出用polyvinyl alcohol lacto-glycerol (PVLG)和Melzer's试剂制片。将制好的标本在显微镜下观察并根据鉴定手册(Schenck 1990)、INVAM (https://invam.ku.edu)的种类描述以及最新分类系统进行分类鉴定(Redecker et al. 2013;王幼珊和刘润进 2017)。
将植物根用蒸馏水洗净后切成约2 cm长的根段,每个样品随机选取9个根段进行观察,共计观察189个根段。用醋酸墨法染色(Vierheilig et al. 1998),在显微镜下用乳酸-甘油(1:1)将染色后的根段制片。在200倍显微镜下用十字交叉法观察分析(McGonigle et al. 1990)。
采用CTAB法提取根和土壤样品中微生物组的总DNA。通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测DNA的提取质量,并使用紫外分光光度计进行定量。PCR扩增所用的引物为AM真菌特异性引物AMV4.5NF (5′-AAGCTCGTAGTTGAATTTCG-3′)和AMDGR (5′-CCCAACTATCCCTATTAATCAT-3′) (Sato et al. 2005)。PCR反应体系(25 μL)包含:样品基因组DNA 50 ng,引物AMV4.5NF和AMDGR各2.5 μL,Phusion Hot Start Flex 2× Master Mix 2.5 μL,用ddH2O补足至终体积。PCR反应条件为:98 ℃预变性30 s;98 ℃变性10 s,54 ℃退火30 s,72 ℃延伸45 s,35个循环;72 ℃延伸10 min,4 ℃保存。PCR扩增产物通过2%琼脂糖凝胶电泳进行检测,并使用AMPure XT beads (Beckman Coulter Genomics)进行纯化,使用Qubit (Invitrogen)进行定量。纯化后的PCR扩增产物由联川生物公司使用Illumina NovaSeq平台和NovaSeq 6000 SP试剂盒(500个循环)进行2 × 250 bp双端测序。
去除原始数据(Raw Data)中的引物序列和接头序列,将每对双端测序(paired-end reads)序列根据overlap区域拼接成一条更长的序列(tag)。通过QIIME 2平台的DADA2插件(dada2 denoise-paired)进行长度过滤和去噪,共获得3 129个扩增子序列变异(amplicon sequence variant, ASV)特征序列。按照样本的最小总丰度进行抽平,过滤低丰度的ASV。将ASV序列与MaarjAM数据库中的AM真菌虚拟分类单元(virtual taxa, VT)和NCBI数据库进行比对(Öpik et al. 2010),并在97%的相似性水平上对序列进行聚类,获得1 431个ASV,其中土壤和根样分别包含995个和781个ASV。原始测序的SRP号为BioProject ID PRJNA1138506。使用R语言(4.4.2版本)中的ggtree和vegan等程序包进行数据可视化。
调查了春坤山不同海拔野韭的AM真菌侵染率(表 2) (P<0.05)。野韭菌根类型为典型的Arum-type结构。其中泡囊侵染率在46.04%- 66.57%之间,R289、R749和R846的泡囊显著高于R380、R611和R652;R289和R749的丛枝显著高于R380、R611和R652;而R652的菌丝显著高于R289、R340、R749和R846。
相关性分析(表 3)表明,土壤有效磷是影响侵染率的关键因子,其含量与丛枝、泡囊侵染率呈极显著负相关,而与菌丝侵染率呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。同时,土壤pH与丛枝侵染率存在极显著的负相关关系(P<0.01)。
化学分析结果表明,春坤山野韭根际土壤呈酸性(pH范围为6.10-6.70) (表1) (P<0.05)。低海拔区(S289、S340)的SOC显著高于高海拔(S846) (表 1)。低海拔区(S289)的野韭根际土AN显著高于高海拔区(S749和S846)。各海拔区野韭根际土AP无显著差异(表1)。S289的孢子密度最高,而S340、S611、S652和S846之间的孢子密度无显著差异。
调查的野韭根际土孢子形态共发现6个属,8个种(表4),其中无梗囊霉属Acaulospora 2种,近明球囊霉属Claroideoglomus 1种,多孢囊霉属Diversispora 1种,斗管囊霉属Funneliformis 2种,球囊霉属Glomus 1种,隔球囊霉属Septoglomus 1种。在S289检测到最多,共8种;S611和S846最少,均5种。不同海拔的野韭根际土中孢子的组成不同。Acaulospora sp2、Claroideoglomus claroideumGlomus microaggregatum出现在调查的所有海拔。
在野韭根际土和根系中共鉴定7个科(Glomeraceae、Claroideoglomeraceae、Diversis- poraceae、Gigasporaceae、Ambisporaceae、Archaeosporaceae、Paraglomeraceae),8个属(双型囊霉属Ambispora、原囊霉属Archaeospora、近明球囊霉属Claroideoglomus、多孢囊霉属Diversispora、盾巨孢囊霉属Scutellospora、根孢囊霉属Rhizophagus、类球囊霉属Paraglomus、球囊霉属Glomus)的AM真菌(图 1)。其中Ambispora仅出现于根际土中,未在根系找到。所有样本中相对丰度最高的为Glomus,其次是ClaroideoglomusGlomusClaroideoglomusDiversispora存在于所有根系。GlomusClaroi- deoglomusDiversisporaAmbispora 4个属分布于所有根际土。Glomus相对丰度在R846中最高(94.49%),S749中最低(43.02%)。Claroideoglomus相对丰度在R625中最高(17.26%),在R749中最低(0.96%),Paraglomus仅出现在S611和R380。
本研究采用Bray-Curtis距离,并使用非加权组平均法(unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean, UPGMA)进行AM真菌属水平的层次聚类分析(图 1)。结果显示,根系样品R340和R380的AM真菌群落组成具有高度相似性;同样,根际土壤样品S289和S846的AM真菌群落组成也具有高度相似性。然而,同一海拔下,野韭根际土与根系的AM真菌群落组成差异较大,如S749与R749,S289与R289。
基于筛选后的1 431 ASV,在MaarjAM数据库中共鉴定出95个不同的AM真菌VTs (图2)。根际土和根系共有22种VTs。在每个海拔梯度上,根际土中的AM真菌VT种类均多于根系。其中,根际土样品中AM真菌VT种类最少的是S652 (77种),最多的是S611和S380 (均为90种);根系样品中AM真菌VT种类最少的是S340 (57种),最多的是R380 (82种)。
海拔显著影响野韭根际土和根系AM真菌的α多样性(Chao1、Simpson、Shannon和Pielou指数) (图3) (P<0.05)。除S340和R340的Pielou指数外,其他指数均表现出相同海拔下根际土大于根系。根际土中AM真菌群落的Shannon、Simpson指数均在最高海拔(S846)处达到最大值,而根系则在中海拔(R611)达到最大值。S846的Shannon指数显著高于S289、S380和S652,与其他土样无显著差异。R611的Shannon指数显著高于R289、R380、R749和R846,与其他土样无显著差异。最高海拔(S846)的根际土Pielou指数值最高,但与S611和S749无显著性差异。根际土和根系Chao1指数的最高值均出现在中海拔。根系Chao1指数在R289、R380、R611、R652和R846间没有显著性差异。野韭根际土中的AM真菌多样性指数和均匀度指数显著高于根系(P<0.05)。
种水平(图4A)最主要的AM真菌在3个根际土中(S289,S380和S749)均是Glomus sp. VTX00166 (19.59%-23.41%)。在S611和S652中最主要的是Glomus sp. VTX00130 (17.89%和25.66%)。在S340中最主要的是Glomus sp. VTX00143 (21.82%),而在S846中是Glomus sp. VTX00222 (14.10%)。
在根系的种水平上(图4B),R289、R380和R749中Glomus sp. VTX00113占绝对优势(33.11%- 41.96%)。在R340和R652中优势种为Glomus sp. VTX00108 (分别为28.66%和28.19%)。R611中最主要的种是Glomus sp. VTX00130 (16.82%),R846中Glomus sp. VTX00156占比第一(36.78%)。根际土和根系中占比第一的均为Glomus属。
热图显示了相对丰度最高的35种VTs的分布和相对丰度(图5) (P<0.05)。R846中的Glomus sp. VTX00156、Glomus sp. VTX00304和Glomus sp. VTX00301的相对丰度显著高于其他根际土和根系;S846中的Glomus sp. VTX00419和S289中的Claroideoglomus sp. VTX00056的丰度显著最高。S340中的Glomus sp. VTX00143和Glomus sp. VTX00064的相对丰度最高。S380和S749中Claroideoglomus claroideum VTX00279的相对丰度显著高于其他样本,而S380和S749间没有显著性差异。S380中Glomus sp. VTX00186的相对丰度显著最高。R380中Glomus sp. VTX00149和Glomus sp. VTX00247的相对丰度显著高于其他样本。春坤山不同海拔梯度下,野韭根际土AM真菌的组成存在显著差异,且同一海拔下根际土和根系中丰度最高的两种AM真菌种类也各不相同。
AM真菌群落分布采用了去趋势对应分析(detrended correspondence analyses, DCAs)。根际土AM真菌群落组成的第一轴长度为2.161。根据这个结果选择冗余分析(redundancy analysis, RDA)。在RDA中第一轴和第二轴的特征值分别是:19.252和11.568。数据的前两轴的累积百分比90.82%。排序图显示了AM真菌群落与环境因子之间的关系(图6A)。S611和S652的AM真菌群落AP和pH的显示正相关,与SOC和TN显示负相关。S749和S289的AM真菌群落正好相反,与SOC和TN呈正相关,与AP和pH呈负相关。蒙特卡罗置换检验显示野韭根际土AM真菌群落显著相关土壤SOC (P<0.001)、TP (P< 0.001)、AP (P<0.01)和pH (P<0.01),与TN和AN的相关性不显著。
根系AM真菌群落组成的第一轴长度为3.284。选择冗余分析(RDA)。在RDA中第一轴和第二轴的特征值分别是14.867和6.927。种类数据的前两轴的累积百分比为59.30%。排序图显示了根系AM真菌群落与环境因子之间的关系(图6B)。在调查的野韭根系发现R611和R652的AM真菌群落更偏好高土壤pH,低SOC、低TN和低AP;R289和R749的AM真菌群落正好与之相反。蒙特卡罗置换检验显示野韭根系AM真菌群落显著相关土壤SOC (P<0.001)、TN (P<0.01)、TP (P<0.01)和pH (P<0.05),与AN和AP没有显著性。
Mantel检验显示,AN、AP、TP、TN、pH值和SOC含量与野韭的AM真菌群落密切相关(图 7)。土壤SOC和AP含量是影响根际土中Glomus分布的主要因素(Mantel's r ≥ 0.4, P<0.01) (图7A)。SOC显著影响根际土中ClaroideoglomusDiversispora的分布。pH、TP和AP对根际土Scutellospora的分布具有显著性影响。AP含量与Rhizophagus相关性较强。
TN显著影响根系ClaroideoglomusDiversispora的相对多度(Mantel's r≥0.4, P<0.01) (图7B)。pH、TP和AP与根系Scutellospora有强相关性。TP含量显著影响Rhizophagus的相对多度。根系Glomus受土壤TN (Mantel's r≥0.4, P<0.01)影响最强,其次与之呈正相关的是SOC、TP和AN (Mantel's 0.2<r<0.4, P<0.01)。
为了确定影响AM真菌种水平群落组成的关键驱动因素,进行Mantel检验(图7C)。SOC (Mantel's r≥0.4, P<0.01)影响根际土中Glomus sp. VTX00130、Glomus sp. VTX00156、Glomus sp. VTX00304和Glomus sp. VTX00140的分布。TN (Mantel's 0.2<r<0.4, P<0.01)与根际土中Claroideoglomus sp. VTX00193相关性较强。
土壤SOC显著影响根系Glomus sp. VTX00166 (Mantel's 0.2<r<0.4, P<0.01)和Glomus sp. VTX00113 (Mantel's r≥0.4, P<0.01)的出现(图7D)。pH (Mantel's r≥0.4, P<0.01)、TP (Mantel's 0.2<r<0.4, P<0.01)和AP (Mantel's r≥0.4, P<0.01)与根系Glomus sp. VTX00130显著正相关。SOC (Mantel's 0.2<r< 0.4, P<0.01)和TN (Mantel's r≥0.4, P<0.01)与根系Glomus sp. VTX00156相关性较强(图7D)。TP、AP和pH显著影响根系Glomus sp. VTX00143的丰度(Mantel's 0.2<r<0.4, P<0.01) (图 7D)。根系Glomus sp. VTX00108、Claroideoglomus sp. VTX00193和Glomus sp. VTX00222未发现与测定的土壤因子有显著相关性(Mantel's r<0.2, P>0.05) (图7D)。
春坤山野韭具有较高的侵染率,菌根类型为Arum-type,这与前人研究的结果一致(包玉英 2004;党学峰 2017;李繁盛 2022;Zhou et al. 2022)。菌根侵染率会受到多种环境因素的影响。在内蒙古典型草原,野韭菌根侵染率会随着样地和采集时间的不同而变化,且存在大量的丛枝和根内菌丝,数量也因样地不同而表现各异(包玉英 2004;党学峰 2017)。Zhou et al. (2022)研究发现,野韭侵染率会随着降水量减少而显著增加。本研究发现野韭菌根侵染不仅受到海拔的显著调控,更重要的是,在高磷土壤中表现出一种复杂的响应模式。传统观点认为,在高磷条件下,植物通常减少对菌根真菌的碳水化合物和脂类供给,从而削弱真菌与植物间的共生关系(Vosnjak et al. 2021;Ahmed et al. 2025)。然而,本研究观察到高浓度的有效磷抑制了野韭根内丛枝和泡囊的形成,这一过程并不影响已存在丛枝和泡囊的功能,但菌丝却显著增加。土壤养分显著影响着共生结构(Olsson et al. 2014;Liu et al. 2021;Ahmed et al. 2025)。野韭菌丝的生长可能帮助野韭在土壤中更有效地获得其他营养物质,进而维持共生关系。表明野韭菌根共生在高磷环境下的功能和策略可能比我们以往认为的更加多样和灵活,有待进一步研究。
不同生境下,野韭AM真菌群落组成存在差异。基于孢子形态鉴定,内蒙古典型草原野韭根际土AM真菌的常见种为Septoglomus constrictumClaroideoglomus claroideum (党学峰 2017)。而春坤山野韭根际土AM真菌的常见种为Acaulospora sp2、C. claroideumGlomus microaggregatum。分子生物学鉴定表明,在内蒙古典型草原,基于18S rDNA序列的测序,野韭根系出现C. etunicatumC. claroideum;通过ITS序列的高通量测序,野韭根系AM真菌群落结构主要聚类于Septoglomus属(党学峰 2017)。而基于SSU rRNA基因序列高通量测序分析春坤山野韭AM真菌群落表明,无论是在根际土还是在根系中Glomus均为优势属。进一步证明了Glomus属在内蒙古草原具有广泛的适应性和高效的共生能力(Wang et al. 2014, 2020;王平 2021)。
基于rRNA基因测序的分子方法显著推动了AM真菌分类体系的更新,但基本分类单元(如ASVs)与形态鉴定种的对应仍面临挑战(Öpik et al. 2010, 2014;Schüßler & Walker 2010;Kohout et al. 2012;Redecker et al. 2013)。不同核糖体基因区域在物种分辨能力上的差异,既取决于其自身的序列变异水平,也受到公共数据库序列覆盖度和质量的影响(Öpik & Davison 2016)。目前,因SSU rRNA基因覆盖范围广而在AM真菌群落生态研究中应用最为普遍,但分辨率有限(Öpik et al. 2014;Hart et al. 2015);ITS区为真菌的标准条形码,但因种内变异较高而影响不同数据集的比较与整合(Schoch et al. 2012)。尽管如此,部分研究表明两者在AM真菌多样性评估中结果趋于一致,其中SSU rRNA基因在根系与土壤AM真菌群落对比研究中表现出更高的适用性(Berruti et al. 2017)。新兴的PacBio (Pacific Biosciences)单分子实时(real-time, SMRT)测序可一次性获得覆盖SSU-ITS-LSU约2.5 kb的长片段,为整合多标记数据、提升物种鉴定精度提供了可能(Kolaříková et al. 2021)。然而,该方法在PCR扩增过程中可能引入丰度偏差,并易形成嵌合序列,仍需在技术优化和数据质控方面进一步探索。
此外,不同生境下AM真菌优势类群对环境因子的响应存在显著差异。本研究中,春坤山草甸草原环境下,野韭根系中Glomus属与土壤TN呈显著正相关(P<0.01)。而在内蒙古典型草原中,AM真菌的孢子密度主要受TP驱动,如Septoglomus constrictum的出现与TP及碱性磷酸酶活性呈负相关(党学峰 2017)。这些差异表明,不同优势属在氮、磷等关键养分梯度下表现出功能分化与特定适应策略,反映了AM真菌在多样化生态系统中对养分循环与野韭共生关系的调节能力。
在种(VT)水平上,我们发现不同海拔的野韭根系共生了不同的优势AM菌种,表现出高度的特异性和选择性。例如R289、R380和R749根系中最主要种是Glomus sp. VTX00113;R340和R652中是Glomus sp. VTX00108;R611中的优势种是Glomus sp. VTX00130;R846中Glomus sp. VTX00156占比第一。不同的Glomus菌种具有不同的生态功能(Grace et al. 2009;Powell & Rillig 2018),土壤SOC显著影响根系Glomus sp. VTX00113的出现(图7D)。Glomus sp. VTX00108能够在植物生长的早期阶段形成菌根(Kaidzu et al. 2020)。与耕地和森林相比,Glomus sp. VTX00130和Glomus sp. VTX00156是永久性草地的指示种(Moora et al. 2014)。此外,野韭根际土的AM真菌多样性指数和均匀度指数显著高于根系(P<0.05),这进一步表明野韭对AM真菌种类的选择有一定的偏好性(包玉英等 2007;党学峰 2017;Luginbuehl et al. 2017)。在不同生境下,野韭会依据自身的生理状态和生长需求,选择性地与最适宜的AM真菌形成高效共生。这种调节机制可确保植物与AM真菌共生体之间养分的交换平衡,从而在不同条件下实现互利共赢。因此,有效利用菌根共生作用促进野韭生长的关键在于针对其特定生境筛选出与其功能高度匹配的AM真菌菌种。
研究发现,海拔显著影响野韭根际土和根系AM真菌群落多样性,这与Coutinho et al. (2015)和Zhang et al. (2022)的研究结果一致。Zhang et al. (2021)指出,随着海拔升高,物种丰富度呈现下降趋势。我们的研究发现,中海拔区的野韭根系AM真菌群落的Chao1、Shannon和Simpson指数达到最高值,说明这个海拔区域可能是一个最适宜野韭共生AM真菌生存和繁殖的生境。海拔是一个复杂的生态梯度,它不仅代表了高度变化,还伴随温度、湿度、土壤性质和光照等的变化(Barbi et al. 2025)。在不同环境下,AM真菌具有获取不同养分的策略或对土壤养分的适应性。先前的研究强调土壤AP和AN对AM真菌多样性的重要性(Johnson et al. 2010;Camenzind et al. 2014;Guo et al. 2016;Shi et al. 2021)。我们的结果却显示,这些因素对野韭根系的AM真菌群落没有显著影响。土壤有机碳(SOC)是影响春坤山野韭根系AM真菌分布和丰度的关键因子。与内蒙古其他常见野生葱属植物通常适应于养分贫瘠和退化草地不同,野韭更偏好在土壤养分富集的环境中生长。SOC可以通过提供更多的碳源和更好的土壤结构,支持AM真菌的生长和多样性(Yang et al. 2011)。本研究强调海拔对野韭共生AM真菌多样性的重要影响,并揭示土壤SOC的关键驱动作用,为野韭进一步开发利用提供了理论基础。
王一鸣:数据调查、数据管理;王启:实验设计、论文构思、数据调查、数据管理、论文撰写;刘广达:实验设计、数据调查、数据管理。
该研究不存在任何潜在利益冲突的商业或财务关系。
  • 内蒙古自治区自然科学基金(2025MS08129)
  • 内蒙古自治区高等学校科学技术研究项目(NJZY22086)
  • 包头医学院科学研究发展基金(BYJJ-GCJH202504)
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2026年第45卷第2期
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doi: 10.13346/j.mycosystema.250121
  • 接收时间:2025-04-24
  • 首发时间:2026-04-29
  • 出版时间:2026-02-22
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-24
  • 录用日期:2025-08-27
基金
Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China(2025MS08129)
内蒙古自治区自然科学基金(2025MS08129)
Research Program of Science and Technology at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(NJZY22086)
内蒙古自治区高等学校科学技术研究项目(NJZY22086)
Research and Development Funds of Baotou Medical College(BYJJ-GCJH202504)
包头医学院科学研究发展基金(BYJJ-GCJH202504)
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    包头医学院药学院,内蒙古 包头 014040

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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