Article(id=1256263560452235311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, issueId=1256263559323967535, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13346/j.mycosystema.250058, pmid=null, cstr=32115.14.j.mycosystema.250058, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1741536000000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1758556800000, acceptedDateStr=2025-09-23, onlineDate=1777446173059, onlineDateStr=2026-04-29, pubDate=1771689600000, pubDateStr=2026-02-22, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1777446173059, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1777446173059, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1777446173059, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1256263559323967535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, year='2026', volume='45', issue='2', pageStart='250058', pageEnd='250280', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1777446172791, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1777447435276, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1256268854674710546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, issueId=1256263559323967535, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1256268854678904851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, issueId=1256263559323967535, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=250058, endPage=, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1256263562603913272, articleId=1256263560452235311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, language=EN, title=Expression profiling and functional prediction of Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6-type transcription factors in Pleurotus giganteus under cadmium stress, columnId=1256263562373226548, journalTitle=Mycosystema, columnName=Research paper, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6-type transcription factors play pivotal regulatory roles in various biological processes in fungi, including primary and secondary metabolism, stress responses, and cell division. In this study, a hidden Markov model (HMM) was employed to screen the whole genome of Pleurotus giganteus, and 67 genes belonging to the Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6-type transcription factor family were identified. Motif analysis revealed distinct sequence features among the family members. Phylogenetic analysis further classified these 67 genes into four major clades. Based on transcriptomic data, 53 family genes with differential expression were identified under 10 μmol/L Cd2+ stress for 3 h, 6 h, and 12 h, as well as under 100 μmol/L Cd2+stress for 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h. By using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), gene co-expression network topological analysis, and GO/KEGG enrichment analysis of co-expressed genes, the regulatory functions of some differentially expressed family genes were predicted. This study provides a scientific basis for further understanding of the role of Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6-type transcription factor family in the response mechanisms of P. giganteus to cadmium stress.

, correspAuthors=Shude YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*E-mail:
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ORCID: YANG Shude (0000-0003-4482-8937)

, authorsList=Yue LIU, Xuechao SONG, Na ZHANG, Rui ZHANG, Weihuan LI, Xianhao CHENG, Shude YANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1256263573110644884, articleId=1256263560452235311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, language=CN, title=巨大侧耳Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子在Cd2+胁迫下的表达模式及其功能预测, columnId=1256263563312771301, journalTitle=菌物学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子在真菌的初级与次级代谢、应激反应及细胞分裂等生命过程中发挥着关键的调控作用。本研究通过运用隐马尔可夫模型对巨大侧耳Pleurotus giganteus全基因组进行筛选,鉴定出67个基因属于Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子基因家族。通过Motif分析,揭示了巨大侧耳 Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子家族成员具有显著的序列结构特征。系统发育分析将这67个家族基因划分为4个主要分支。基于转录组数据,筛选出53个在10 μmol/L Cd2+胁迫3、6、12 h及100 μmol/L Cd2+胁迫处理3、6、12、24 h下差异表达的家族基因。利用加权基因共表达网络分析(WGCNA)、基因共表达网络拓扑分析和共表达基因的GO、KEGG富集分析,预测了部分差异表达的家族基因的调控功能。本研究为阐明 Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子家族在巨大侧耳应对Cd2+胁迫响应机制中的作用提供了科学依据。

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ORCID: YANG Shude (0000-0003-4482-8937)

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ORCID: YANG Shude (0000-0003-4482-8937)

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articleTitle=金针菇Zn2Cys6型锌指转录因子家族分析及其对蓝光的响应, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256263609919857156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263560452235311, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=20, issue=1, pageStart=131, pageEnd=134, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=39, authorNames=赵楠, 赵飞, 李玉花, journalName=生物技术通讯, refType=null, unstructuredReference=赵楠, 赵飞, 李玉花, 2009. 锌指蛋白结构及功能研究进展. 生物技术通讯, 20(1): 131-134, articleTitle=锌指蛋白结构及功能研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256263609995354629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263560452235311, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=37, issue=4, pageStart=188, pageEnd=195, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=40, authorNames=朱立华, 刘召阳, 刘维, 张贤玉, 黄丽丽, 冯浩, journalName=西北林学院学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=朱立华, 刘召阳, 刘维, 张贤玉, 黄丽丽, 冯浩, 2022. 苹果树腐烂病菌Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6类转录因子Vmzctf-07的鉴定及其功能分析. 西北林学院学报, 37(4): 188-195, 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ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1256263573886591139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263560452235311, companyId=1256263573853036705, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Mushroom Technology of Shandong Province, Edible and Medicinal Mushroom Technology Innovation Center of Yantai, School of Horticulture of Ludong University, Yantai 264025, Shandong, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1256263573899174052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263560452235311, companyId=1256263573853036705, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=鲁东大学园艺学院 山东省食药用菌技术重点实验室 烟台市食药用菌技术创新中心,山东 烟台 264025)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1256263591846601032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263560452235311, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=The conserved motif of Gal4 domain of Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6 TFs of Pleurotus giganteus.

Group 1-10 representing the type of certain Gal4 zinc cluster domain shown in Table 2; The x-axis indicates the position of the amino acids, and the y-axis represents the number of hits of per amino acid within the motif.

, figureFileSmall=ttEOXBFQMzp4TN23Qw1QuA==, figureFileBig=MCMqJ+cgHr4lWGcGfxHMGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256263593570459981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263560452235311, language=CN, label=图1, caption=巨大侧耳Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子的Gal4结构域保守基序

Group 1-10代表表2所示的部分Gal4锌簇结构域的类型;x轴表示氨基酸的位置,y轴表示每个氨基酸在基序中的计数

, figureFileSmall=ttEOXBFQMzp4TN23Qw1QuA==, figureFileBig=MCMqJ+cgHr4lWGcGfxHMGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256263594715504980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263560452235311, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Phylogenetic tree of Pleurotus giganteus Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6 type TF family., figureFileSmall=kkVynXgOM41Sc7b+327Ksw==, figureFileBig=ozDKk8q21akwNNczCnU+Jw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256263595113963864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263560452235311, language=CN, label=图2, caption=巨大侧耳Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子基因家族系统发育树, figureFileSmall=kkVynXgOM41Sc7b+327Ksw==, figureFileBig=ozDKk8q21akwNNczCnU+Jw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256263595478868313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263560452235311, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Venn diagram of differentially expressed Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6 TF genes under two different Cd2+ concentration stresses., figureFileSmall=6aszizmXubfe/cz+grB3OA==, figureFileBig=sVFuckPQBuaCcWDrwQPKNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256263595604697436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263560452235311, language=CN, label=图3, caption=两种Cd2+浓度胁迫下差异表达的Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子编码基因韦恩图, figureFileSmall=6aszizmXubfe/cz+grB3OA==, figureFileBig=sVFuckPQBuaCcWDrwQPKNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256263595835384160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263560452235311, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Differentially expressed genes between each treatment group and the control group.

T denotes the duration of stress exposure, low indicates the treatment groups subjected to 10 μmol/L Cd2+ stress; high indicates the treatment groups subjected to 100 μmol/L Cd2+ stress. Genes with an adjusted P-value<0.05 and |log2 FoldChange|≥0.585 are highlighted in red, while those with adjusted P-value ≥0.05 are indicated in blue.

, figureFileSmall=gmNo49zU+uwarg9+s+UTlQ==, figureFileBig=BlWCPG5gi20b8TFjTqVatw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256263596187705700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263560452235311, language=CN, label=图4, caption=各处理组与对照组的差异表达基因

T表示胁迫时间,low表示10 μmol/L Cd2+胁迫组,high表示100 μmol/L Cd2+胁迫组;矫正的P值<0.05且|log2 FoldChange|≥0.585的基因以红色表示,而矫正的P值≥0.05的基因以蓝色表示

, figureFileSmall=gmNo49zU+uwarg9+s+UTlQ==, figureFileBig=BlWCPG5gi20b8TFjTqVatw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256263596347089258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263560452235311, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Heatmap of differentially expressed Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6-type transcription factor genes in mycelia under 10 μmol/L Cd2+ treatment.

Each row represents a gene, each column represents a sample. Each treatment group and control group has three biological replicates, labeled with numbers (1, 2, 3). T0, T3, T6, and T12 represent treatment times of 0, 3, 6, and 12 h, respectively. The legend indicates the grouping information of samples, with Ctrl representing the control group at a treatment time of 0 h. The same below.

, figureFileSmall=0AVzi3Mns61+HJydp0m4UA==, figureFileBig=mLRbrH7SfBrIDow+l7ubuw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256263598062559596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263560452235311, language=CN, label=图5, caption=10 μmol/L Cd2+胁迫下菌丝体中差异表达的Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子基因表达热图

每一行代表一个基因,每一列代表一个样本;处理组和对照组均有3个生物学重复,分别用数字(1、2、3)标记;T0、T3、T6、T12分别代表处理时间为0、3、6和12 h;图例标注了样本分组信息,Ctrl表示处理时间为0 h的对照组;下同

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* P<0.05, ** P<0.01, *** P<0.001, ANOVA, n=3.

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A list of RT-qPCR primer sequence

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基因名称
Gene ID
上游引物序列
Forward primer (5′→3′)
下游引物序列
Reverse primer (5′→3′)
EVM0006476 (Actin) AGTTGACTGCTCTGTCGCCTTC GACTCGTCGTACTCCTGCTTGG
EVM0007165 GTTGAGTGTGCCCGAGTTGGT AATATAGCCGCCGTGGTGTAGC
EVM0000130 ACCACCTCTCCTTGCGAACTGT CCAGCCATGAGACCAGCATCAG
EVM0002760 TGGCGATGTCACTGGTGGGTTT GGGAAGCATGGTGGGCAAGAAC
EVM0010988 GAGAACCAGTCCGTCGTCGAAT TCACAGCAGCGGTAGCCATTG
EVM0006949 GCCCAACAAGACCTCGGATTCG AGAGTACGCCGTCATCGCTGAT
EVM0010352 GCTCGCCGCTTCATCCCAATT ACTTCGGGCACGCCTGGATT
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RT-qPCR引物序列

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基因名称
Gene ID
上游引物序列
Forward primer (5′→3′)
下游引物序列
Reverse primer (5′→3′)
EVM0006476 (Actin) AGTTGACTGCTCTGTCGCCTTC GACTCGTCGTACTCCTGCTTGG
EVM0007165 GTTGAGTGTGCCCGAGTTGGT AATATAGCCGCCGTGGTGTAGC
EVM0000130 ACCACCTCTCCTTGCGAACTGT CCAGCCATGAGACCAGCATCAG
EVM0002760 TGGCGATGTCACTGGTGGGTTT GGGAAGCATGGTGGGCAAGAAC
EVM0010988 GAGAACCAGTCCGTCGTCGAAT TCACAGCAGCGGTAGCCATTG
EVM0006949 GCCCAACAAGACCTCGGATTCG AGAGTACGCCGTCATCGCTGAT
EVM0010352 GCTCGCCGCTTCATCCCAATT ACTTCGGGCACGCCTGGATT
), ArticleFig(id=1256263600906297752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263560452235311, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Classification of Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6 TFs based on the motif sequence of Gal4 domain

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种类
Category
Gal4结构域模式
Pattern of Gal4 domain
数量
Number of genes
种类
Category
Gal4结构域模式
Pattern of Gal4 domain
数量
Number of genes
1 C-X2-C-X6-C-X5-C-X2-C-X4-C 11 12 C-X2-C-X6-C-X8-C-X2-C-X6-C 7
2 C-X2-C-X6-C-X5-C-X2-C-X6-C 2 13 C-X2-C-X6-C-X9-C-X2-C-X6-C 8
3 C-X2-C-X6-C-X5-C-X2-C-X8-C 9 14 C-X2-C-X6-C-X9-C-X2-C-X7-C 4
4 C-X2-C-X6-C-X5-C-X2-C-X9-C 1 15 C-X2-C-X6-C-X9-C-X2-C-X8-C 1
5 C-X2-C-X6-C-X5-C-X2-C-X22-C 1 16 C-X2-C-X6-C-X10-C-X2-C-X6-C 1
6 C-X2-C-X6-C-X6-C-X2-C-X6-C 7 17 C-X2-C-X6-C-X11-C-X2-C-X6-C 2
7 C-X2-C-X6-C-X6-C-X2-C-X7-C 1 18 C-X2-C-X6-C-X12-C-X2-C-X6-C 1
8 C-X2-C-X6-C-X6-C-X2-C-X8-C 5 19 C-X2-C-X6-C-X13-C-X2-C-X6-C 1
9 C-X2-C-X6-C-X6-C-X2-C-X9-C 2 20 C-X2-C-X6-C-X14-C-X2-C-X7-C 1
10 C-X2-C-X6-C-X6-C-X2-C-X23-C 1 21 5C type 1
11 C-X2-C-X6-C-X7-C-X2-C-X6-C 1
), ArticleFig(id=1256263602214920604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847803461844995, articleId=1256263560452235311, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

基于Gal4结构域序列特征的Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子分类

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种类
Category
Gal4结构域模式
Pattern of Gal4 domain
数量
Number of genes
种类
Category
Gal4结构域模式
Pattern of Gal4 domain
数量
Number of genes
1 C-X2-C-X6-C-X5-C-X2-C-X4-C 11 12 C-X2-C-X6-C-X8-C-X2-C-X6-C 7
2 C-X2-C-X6-C-X5-C-X2-C-X6-C 2 13 C-X2-C-X6-C-X9-C-X2-C-X6-C 8
3 C-X2-C-X6-C-X5-C-X2-C-X8-C 9 14 C-X2-C-X6-C-X9-C-X2-C-X7-C 4
4 C-X2-C-X6-C-X5-C-X2-C-X9-C 1 15 C-X2-C-X6-C-X9-C-X2-C-X8-C 1
5 C-X2-C-X6-C-X5-C-X2-C-X22-C 1 16 C-X2-C-X6-C-X10-C-X2-C-X6-C 1
6 C-X2-C-X6-C-X6-C-X2-C-X6-C 7 17 C-X2-C-X6-C-X11-C-X2-C-X6-C 2
7 C-X2-C-X6-C-X6-C-X2-C-X7-C 1 18 C-X2-C-X6-C-X12-C-X2-C-X6-C 1
8 C-X2-C-X6-C-X6-C-X2-C-X8-C 5 19 C-X2-C-X6-C-X13-C-X2-C-X6-C 1
9 C-X2-C-X6-C-X6-C-X2-C-X9-C 2 20 C-X2-C-X6-C-X14-C-X2-C-X7-C 1
10 C-X2-C-X6-C-X6-C-X2-C-X23-C 1 21 5C type 1
11 C-X2-C-X6-C-X7-C-X2-C-X6-C 1
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巨大侧耳Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子在Cd2+胁迫下的表达模式及其功能预测
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刘悦 , 宋学超 , 张娜 , 张蕊 , 李维焕 , 程显好 , 杨树德 *
菌物学报 | 研究论文 2026,45(2): 250058
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菌物学报 | 研究论文 2026, 45(2): 250058
巨大侧耳Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子在Cd2+胁迫下的表达模式及其功能预测
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刘悦, 宋学超, 张娜, 张蕊, 李维焕, 程显好, 杨树德*
作者信息
  • 鲁东大学园艺学院 山东省食药用菌技术重点实验室 烟台市食药用菌技术创新中心,山东 烟台 264025
Expression profiling and functional prediction of Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6-type transcription factors in Pleurotus giganteus under cadmium stress
Yue LIU, Xuechao SONG, Na ZHANG, Rui ZHANG, Weihuan LI, Xianhao CHENG, Shude YANG*
Affiliations
  • Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Mushroom Technology of Shandong Province, Edible and Medicinal Mushroom Technology Innovation Center of Yantai, School of Horticulture of Ludong University, Yantai 264025, Shandong, China
  • ORCID: YANG Shude (0000-0003-4482-8937)

出版时间: 2026-02-22 doi: 10.13346/j.mycosystema.250058
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Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子在真菌的初级与次级代谢、应激反应及细胞分裂等生命过程中发挥着关键的调控作用。本研究通过运用隐马尔可夫模型对巨大侧耳Pleurotus giganteus全基因组进行筛选,鉴定出67个基因属于Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子基因家族。通过Motif分析,揭示了巨大侧耳 Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子家族成员具有显著的序列结构特征。系统发育分析将这67个家族基因划分为4个主要分支。基于转录组数据,筛选出53个在10 μmol/L Cd2+胁迫3、6、12 h及100 μmol/L Cd2+胁迫处理3、6、12、24 h下差异表达的家族基因。利用加权基因共表达网络分析(WGCNA)、基因共表达网络拓扑分析和共表达基因的GO、KEGG富集分析,预测了部分差异表达的家族基因的调控功能。本研究为阐明 Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子家族在巨大侧耳应对Cd2+胁迫响应机制中的作用提供了科学依据。

侧耳属  /  锌簇型转录因子  /  基因家族  /  转录组

Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6-type transcription factors play pivotal regulatory roles in various biological processes in fungi, including primary and secondary metabolism, stress responses, and cell division. In this study, a hidden Markov model (HMM) was employed to screen the whole genome of Pleurotus giganteus, and 67 genes belonging to the Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6-type transcription factor family were identified. Motif analysis revealed distinct sequence features among the family members. Phylogenetic analysis further classified these 67 genes into four major clades. Based on transcriptomic data, 53 family genes with differential expression were identified under 10 μmol/L Cd2+ stress for 3 h, 6 h, and 12 h, as well as under 100 μmol/L Cd2+stress for 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h. By using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), gene co-expression network topological analysis, and GO/KEGG enrichment analysis of co-expressed genes, the regulatory functions of some differentially expressed family genes were predicted. This study provides a scientific basis for further understanding of the role of Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6-type transcription factor family in the response mechanisms of P. giganteus to cadmium stress.

Pleurotus  /  zinc cluster transcription factor  /  gene family  /  transcriptome
刘悦, 宋学超, 张娜, 张蕊, 李维焕, 程显好, 杨树德. 巨大侧耳Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子在Cd2+胁迫下的表达模式及其功能预测. 菌物学报, 2026 , 45 (2) : 250058 - . DOI: 10.13346/j.mycosystema.250058
Yue LIU, Xuechao SONG, Na ZHANG, Rui ZHANG, Weihuan LI, Xianhao CHENG, Shude YANG. Expression profiling and functional prediction of Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6-type transcription factors in Pleurotus giganteus under cadmium stress[J]. Mycosystema, 2026 , 45 (2) : 250058 - . DOI: 10.13346/j.mycosystema.250058
巨大侧耳Pleurotus giganteus (Berk.) Karun. & K.D. Hyde商品名为猪肚菇,隶属于蘑菇目Agaricales、侧耳科Pleurotaceae,广泛分布于热带和亚热带地区(马海霞等2022),是近年来国内人工驯化的一种珍稀食用菌(Wu et al. 2019;吴碧君 2020)。巨大侧耳具有独特的香味和浓郁的鲜味,而且营养丰富,蛋白质含量高,氨基酸种类齐全,必需氨基酸的数量及组成比一般食用菌更接近模式蛋白,亮氨酸和异亮氨酸含量也为食用菌之首(杜佳馨等 2021)。
锌指蛋白是一类具有手指状结构域的转录因子,根据其围绕锌离子折叠形成的保守结构域不同,其结构及功能也不同,锌指蛋白主要分为C2H2型、C4型和C6型(赵楠等 2009)。锌指蛋白对基因调控起重要的作用,通过与靶分子DNA、RNA、DNA-RNA的序列特异性结合调控基因的表达,也可以与其他蛋白质结合进一步调控基因表达。
Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型锌指转录因子是真菌中特有的一类锌指蛋白,它包含一个高度保守的Cys- X2-Cys-X6-Cys-X5−12-Cys-X2-Cys-X6−8-Cys锌指基序(其中X代表任意氨基酸),基序中的半胱氨酸残基与2个锌离子结合,因此这类蛋白也被称为锌簇或锌双核簇蛋白。Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型锌指转录因子参与调控真菌的初级和次级代谢、胁迫应答、细胞分裂和生殖生长等多个过程(MacPherson et al. 2006)。例如,阮诗雨(2024)证实灵芝的Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6锌指转录因子通过结合SQS启动子区域正调控灵芝三萜生物合成参与了灵芝三萜生物合成;程慧娇等(2021)克隆了广东虫草Cordyceps guangdongensis T.H. Li, Q.Y. Lin & B. Song的Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子TgPRO1,并发现该基因在菌丝体和子实体中随不同温度和光照条件下的表达差异;Zhang et al. (2021)证明斑雨蕈Hypsizygus marmoreus的Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子HADA-1在菌丝生长、子实体发育、碳代谢、线粒体稳定性和氧化应激反应中的关键作用;李永霞(2018)发现球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana中的2个Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6锌指转录因子可能参与了球孢白僵菌生长过程中氮源的利用,从而影响了分生孢子对H2O2、刚果红的耐受性和对大蜡螟的毒力;朱立华等(2022)发现苹果树腐烂病菌子囊菌黑腐皮壳属Valsa mali的Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6锌指转录因子与该菌的生长发育和盐离子胁迫应答相关;Lu et al. (2014)敲除稻巨座壳Magnaporthe oryzae中Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6类转录因子CNF1和CNF2后,突变体菌株降低了水稻的致病力。
随着食、药用菌基因组测序数量的不断积累(吴冰等2015),越来越多的学者从全基因组水平鉴定Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型锌指转录因子基因家族,并深入分析其在多种环境因子和营养因子调控下的表达模式。例如,赵琛等(2021)通过对金针菇Flammulina filiformis (=Flammulina velutipes,戴玉成等2021)基因组的研究,鉴定了Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型锌指转录因子家族,分析了蓝光对其家族基因表达的影响;张雪蕊等(2021)在桑黄Sanghuangporus sanghuang中鉴定了该基因家族,并系统研究了其在不同碳源条件下的差异表达模式;此外,罗玛妮娅等(2021)对肉桂色薄孔菌(牛樟芝) Antrodia cinnamomea Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子基因家族进行了全面分析,探讨了其在不同椴木培养基中的菌丝体和子实体中的动态表达特征。这些研究为深入理解Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型锌指转录因子在食、药用菌环境适应及代谢调控中的功能提供了重要依据。然而,目前关于巨大侧耳Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型锌指转录因子家族基因的鉴定及其在重金属胁迫响应中的功能研究仍未见报道。
我国农田土壤重金属污染主要以Cd、As、Hg、Pb和Cr这5种健康风险重金属元素为主,尤其以Cd风险最高,土壤绿色治理迫在眉睫(陈世宝等 2019)。许多真菌具有独特的重金属富集能力,能够通过胞外吸附、胞内转运和螯合作用对Cd2+进行富集,被认为是治理镉污染的理想生物材料(Ghosh et al. 2023)。研究表明,真菌细胞壁富含几丁质、葡聚糖和其他多糖,这些成分上的羧基、氨基和巯基能够与Cd2+结合,从而实现初步吸附(Legorreta-Castañeda et al. 2020)。真菌细胞通过重金属转运蛋白(heavy metal transporters, HMATs)摄取和转运重金属,不同HMATs家族功能有差异。活性氧(ROS)、一氧化氮(NO)和钙(Ca)信号在生物应对重金属胁迫中起调节作用(Liu et al. 2024)。镉进入真菌细胞后,可与金属硫蛋白和谷胱甘肽结合,形成稳定的复合物,从而减轻其毒性(Priyadarshini et al. 2021)。同时,抗氧化酶系统(如超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶)的激活也在缓解镉毒性中具有关键作用(Xu et al. 2021)。
目前尚未有关于巨大侧耳响应Cd2+胁迫机制的系统研究报道。本研究基于巨大侧耳全基因组测序数据,鉴定出67个Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型锌指转录因子家族成员,并解析其保守基序和进化特征。有53个该家族的转录因子在10 μmol/L和100 μmol/L Cd2+胁迫的菌丝体中差异表达,提示其可能通过调控下游解毒通路介导Cd2+胁迫响应。本研究为深入理解大型真菌应对Cd2+胁迫的分子机制提供了新的视角和见解。
供试菌株:巨大侧耳菌株18,保藏于鲁东大学农学院食用菌技术重点实验室。
本研究从Pfam数据库(http://pfam.xfam.org/)下载真菌Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子结构域(PF00172)模型的种子文件,结合本课题组测的巨大侧耳全基因组数据,使用HMMER软件(版本3.3.2,Nov 2020)进行结构域检索,筛选出含有Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6结构域的蛋白质序列。使用ClustalW软件对这些序列进行比对,并基于比对结果重构HMM文件。使用阈值E-value< 0.001对结果进行筛选,提取唯一的蛋白ID和蛋白序列。然后利用Conserved Domain Database (NCBI-CDD)数据库对上述蛋白序列进行检索,筛选含有Gal4的结果,再重新提取蛋白序列进行结果验证,并分析蛋白质理化性质。
利用Mafft软件对巨大侧耳Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子的蛋白序列执行多重序列比对分析,根据保守结构域Gal4的序列特征对转录因子进行分类,进一步利用R语言进行数据统计,并绘制Gal4结构域的Logo图谱。
使用Mafft (v7.515)进行序列比对,用Fasttree (v 2.1.11)构建系统发育树,用Interactive Tree Of Life (iTOL)对系统发育树进行可视化。
基于在两种Cd2+浓度(10 μmol/L、100 μmol/L)不同胁迫时间下(3、6、12和24 h)的巨大侧耳菌丝体的转录组测序数据,利用 DESeq2筛选出不同胁迫时间的处理组与0 h对照组之间差异表达的编码Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子的基因。绘制多组韦恩图,展示不同比较组合之间差异基因的交集和独有部分,并绘制基因表达量热图展示基因的表达量变化。
利用R语言的WGCNA包分别对10 μmol/L和100 μmol/L Cd2+胁迫的巨大侧耳菌丝体的转录组数据进行加权基因共表达网络分析(WGCNA) (Langfelder & Horvath 2008),确定Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子编码基因集中分布的基因模块,然后计算该模块的拓扑重叠度量性矩阵(TOM),从TOM矩阵中提取与Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子编码基因共表达的基因。将转录因子与其共表达基因的关系表导入Gephi软件构建网络图,边权重保留TOM值,经过加权模块化分析和加权度分析,渲染网络图中节点的颜色和大小。最后利用clusterprofiler包对共表达基因进行KEGG富集分析(Wu et al. 2021),基于富集到的代谢途径预测转录因子的调控功能。
利用诺唯赞公司(Vazyme Biotech)的FastPure Universal Plant Total RNA Isolation Kit提取经10 μmol/L Cd2+和100 μmol/L Cd2+分别处理0、3、6和12 h的巨大侧耳菌丝体的总RNA。随后使用HIScript Ⅲ 1st Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit进行反转录合成cDNA,最后利用ChamQ Universal SYBR qPCR Master Mix对6个Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子编码基因的表达水平进行qPCR验证,以actin的表达量为内参,Cd2+处理0 h的样本为对照。每个样本设置3次技术重复,引物信息详见表1
通过NCBI-CDD验证,最终鉴定到67个含有Gal4结构域的Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子基因家族成员。理化性质分析表明,20个蛋白属于酸性蛋白(等电点小于7),47个属于碱性蛋白。蛋白质长度分布为100-1 900个氨基酸。
在67个巨大侧耳的Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子蛋白中,56个转录因子的Gal4结构域位于N端,2个位于C端,其余的位于近中间区域。有46个转录因子含有MHR (调控区)结构域,1个转录因子含有3个Gal4结构域,2个转录因子含有2个Gal4结构域,15个转录因子中还含有亮氨酸拉链结构域。
Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子蛋白的Gal4结构域基序特征是在Cys1-Cys2、Cys2-Cys3和Cys4- Cys5区段氨基酸残基表现出高度保守性,其氨基酸残基数分别为2、6和2,而Cys3-Cys4和Cys5-Cys6区段氨基酸的长度及序列表现出可变性,为可变区(图1)。依据Gal4结构域可变区的序列特征将巨大侧耳的Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子家族分为21个亚家族,其中含有C-X2- C-X6-C-X5-C-X2-C-X4-C (C代表半胱氨酸,X代表任意氨基酸残基,下标数字代表氨基酸个数)基序的Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子数量最多(11个,表2)。
基于蛋白质序列相似性构建系统发育树分析发现67个家族基因可分为4个分支(图2)。Gal4结构域基序为C-X2-C-X6-C-X5-C-X2-C-X6-8-C的Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子主要分布在第Ⅰ分支,基序为C-X2-C-X6-C-X6-C-X2-C-X6-9-C的Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子主要分布在第Ⅲ分支,基序为C-X2-C- X6-C-X8-C-X2-C-X6-C的Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子主要分布在第Ⅳ分支,基序为C-X2-C-X6-C-X9- C-X2-C-X6-8-C的Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子主要分布在第Ⅱ分支。具有亮氨酸拉链结构域的转录因子分布在第Ⅱ和第Ⅲ分支。
转录组分析显示,10 μmol/L Cd2+浓度胁迫的菌丝体中表达差异的Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子编码基因明显少于100 μmol/L Cd2+胁迫的,并且随着胁迫时间的延长,差异表达的基因易于恢复至正常水平(图3)。10 μmol/L Cd2+胁迫3、6、12 h与0 h对照组之间共有17个差异表达的Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子编码基因(15个上调,2个下调);100 μmol/L Cd2+胁迫3、6、12、24 h下共有50个差异表达的Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子编码基因(40个上调,10个下调) (图4)。去重后共获得53个差异表达基因,其表达水平呈时间和浓度依赖性。
15个在10 μmol/L Cd2+胁迫的菌丝中上调的基因中,除EVM0011499和EVM0002571之外,其余均在100 μmol/L Cd2+胁迫的菌丝中上调表达,且上调的倍数较高。2个(EVM0003093和EVM0008271)在10 μmol/L Cd2+胁迫的菌丝中下调表达的基因中,EVM0003093在100 μmol/L Cd2+胁迫的菌丝中仍下调表达,且下调幅度较大。表达热图显示,高浓度胁迫下基因表达波动更剧烈(图5图6)。
对10 μmol/L Cd2+胁迫的菌丝体的转录组进行WGCNA分析,将基因分为14个模块,其中有7个差异表达的Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子编码基因分布在blue模块,其余模块各包含1个差异表达的Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子编码基因。计算blue模块的TOM矩阵,从中提取与7个Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子编码基因共表达的基因(共157个,TOM值>0.35),利用Gephi软件构建转录因子与其共表达基因的相互作用图(图7),同时利用clusterprofiler包对共表达基因进行GO和KEGG富集分析(图8)。
Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子编码基因与其共表达基因的网络拓扑结构见图7。节点大小基于加权度(weighted degree)渲染,加权度越高(即与其他基因的共表达强度总和越大),节点越大,可直观反映节点在网络中的“枢纽性”。EVM0002031可能为核心调控因子(图7)。边的粗细代表边权重(TOM值)信息,TOM值越高则边越粗,表示基因间关联得越强。节点的颜色则是根据模块化分区结果(modularity_class)着色,同一颜色模块内的基因具有高度共表达相关性,不同颜色区分功能异质性模块。模块化分析识别出3个主要模块,其中模块1包含1个Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子编码基因(EVM0002031),模块2包含2个(EVM0003984和EVM0010988),模块包含3个(EVM0007165、EVM0000130和EVM0002760)。基于模块中共表达基因的GO和KEGG富集分析结果(图8)得知,模块1主要富集到alkaloid biosynthetic process、terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthetic process、sulfur metabolism、phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis、riboflavin metabolism、folate biosynthesis等通路;模块3富集到benzoate degradation、butanoate metabolism、phenylpropanoid biosynthesis、tryptophan metabolism、valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation、propanoate metabolism等代谢通路。此外,模块基因间存在协同作用,比如模块1和模块2共同富集到response to oxidative stress、response to reactive oxygen species、response to toxic substance、ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes、purine metabolism、selenocompound metabolism、ferroptosis、cysteine and methionine metabolism等通路; 模块1和3共同富集到citrate cycle、pyruvate metabolism等通路;模块1、2和3共同富集到acetyl-CoA metabolic process、nucleoside bisphosphate metabolic process、purine nucleoside bisphosphate metabolic process、sulfur compound metabolic process、thioester metabolic process、ABC transporters、biosynthesis of secondary metabolites、terpenoid backbone biosynthesis、isoprenoid metabolic process、farnesyl diphosphate metabolic process通路。
对100 μmol/L Cd2+胁迫的菌丝体的转录组进行WGCNA分析,将基因分为12个模块,其中21个差异表达的Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子编码基因分布在turquoise模块,8个分布在yellow模块,3个分布black模块,green、pink、red和blue模块各1个。计算turquoise模块的TOM矩阵,从中提取与21个Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子编码基因共表达的基因。利用Gephi软件构建转录因子与其共表达基因的相互作用图(图9),同时利用clusterprofiler包对共表达基因进行GO富集分析(图10)。
模块化分析识别出7个主要模块,其中模块1包含1个Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子编码基因(EVM0004079),模块2主要包含2个(EVM0010746和EVM0006949),模块3主要包含1个(EVM0010817),模块4主要包含2个(EVM0010988和EVM0010086),模块5主要包含3个(EVM0001382、EVM0003294和EVM0001050),模块6主要包含2个(EVM0010352、EVM0007165),模块7只包含一个转录因子(EVM0010118)和一个共表达基因(图9)。
基于模块中共表达基因的KEGG富集分析结果(图10)得知,模块1主要富集到sulfur metabolism、alkaloid biosynthetic process、indole alkaloid biosynthetic process、ergot alkaloid biosynthetic process等途径;模块2单独富集到selenocompound metabolism通路;模块5富集到endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD)途径;模块间基因的协同作用更加明显,上述5个模块共同富集到protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum、protein folding、response to nitrogen compound、vesicle-mediated transport等多个途径;模块1和2共同富集到calcium signaling pathway途径;模块1和3共同富集到glutathione metabolism、metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450、platinum drug resistance途径;模块1和5共同富集到mTOR signaling pathway途径;模块3、5共同富集到various types of N-glycan biosynthesis、 N-Glycan biosynthesis、protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum、response to endoplasmic reticulum stress途径;模块1、2和3共同富集到SNARE interactions in vesicular transpor途径;模块1、3和5共同富集到endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport、Golgi vesicle transport途径;模块3、4和5共同富集到ubiquitin-dependent ERAD pathway途径;模块1、2、3和4共同富集到amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism途径;模块1、3、4和5共同富集到phagosome、protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum途径。
从GO和KEGG富集分析结果(图8图10)得知,两种Cd2+浓度胁迫下的共表达基因均显著富集于硫代谢、萜类物质合成、硒化合物代谢等途径,表明无论镉离子浓度高低,巨大侧耳均通过调节硫化合物代谢(如含硫氨基酸合成、谷胱甘肽等解毒物质生成)、萜类物质的合成和硒蛋白的合成来应对镉离子胁迫引起的活性氧胁迫,这是其核心防御机制之一。然而低浓度镉离子下KEGG代谢通路以次级代谢与基础能量代谢为主,如biosynthesis of secondary metabolites、terpenoid backbone biosynthesis、citrate cycle、pyruvate metabolism等;富集到的GO term则侧重对外源有毒物质的直接响应,与镉离子的清除与氧化损伤修复有关,如response to toxic substance、detoxification、response to reactive oxygen species等。提示菌丝通过增强抗氧化/螯合类次级代谢物(如萜类)的合成、氨基酸和蛋白质的合成以及能量代谢等代谢的适应性调整来缓解低浓度Cd2+胁迫,维持生长,表现为较为温和的应答。高浓度镉离子下KEGG代谢通路以蛋白质加工、信号转导与外源物质代谢为主,如protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum、SNARE interactions in vesicular transport、mTOR signaling pathway、metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450、phagosome等;富集到的GO term侧重细胞内稳态调控,Golgi vesicle transport、endoplasmic reticulum stress response、ubiquitin-dependent ERAD pathway等,与蛋白质运输、折叠纠错及细胞器功能协调有关。表明菌丝为应对强烈的Cd2+胁迫启动了生存防御模式,通过强化蛋白质折叠/降解、囊泡运输及外源毒性物质代谢通路维持细胞稳态,抑制生长或诱导死亡。以上结果表明,Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子家族成员在巨大侧耳应对Cd2+胁迫的反应中分工协作。
为验证转录组测序结果的可靠性,采用实时荧光定量PCR (qPCR)技术对6个基因的表达水平进行了验证(图11)。10 μmol/L Cd2+胁迫下的EVM0007165和EVM0010352基因的qPCR检测表达量与转录组测序结果存在较大差异,100 μmol/L Cd2+胁迫下EVM0010352基因的表达趋势与转录组数据不一致。其余基因的表达趋势与转录组结果基本一致,仅在个别胁迫时间点的表达量有一定波动。上述差异可能源于方法学上的不同,转录组测序反映的是基因所有转录本的平均表达水平,而qPCR则针对特定转录本(如通过引物设计靶向单一可变剪切体)进行定量,二者的检测维度存在本质区别。尽管存在部分定量结果的差异,两种技术均证实Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys₆型转录因子编码基因的表达水平对Cd²⁺浓度及胁迫时间有依赖性,验证了转录组数据的生物学可靠性。
本研究利用隐马尔可夫模型在巨大侧耳基因组中鉴定出67个Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子基因家族成员。这一结果与金针菇和肉桂色薄孔菌中该家族基因数量的报道相近(罗玛妮娅等2021;赵琛等2021),表明Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子在真菌中具有广泛的保守性和多样性。
通过Motif分析发现,Gal4结构域在Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子中具有显著保守性,其Cys-X2-Cys- X6-Cys-X5−12-Cys-X2-Cys-X6−8-Cys基序通过半胱氨酸残基与Zn2+结合,形成稳定的双核锌簇结构,这一特征与其调控DNA结合能力直接相关(MacPherson et al. 2006)。此外,系统发育分析进一步将这67个基因划分为4个主要分支,揭示了该家族在进化过程中的分化。不同分支的转录因子可能对应功能分化。例如,低浓度Cd2+胁迫下上调表达的15个转录因子基因中有9个属于分支Ⅲ,3个属于分支Ⅱ,而高浓度Cd2+胁迫下分支Ⅰ的转录因子多呈下调或无差异表达。
转录组分析显示,10 μmol/L和100 μmol/L Cd2+胁迫下分别有17和50个Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子差异表达,其中42个基因为上调表达,表明基因的表达水平具有浓度依赖特性。例如,EVM0003093在两种浓度下均下调表达,而EVM0008271的表达仅在低浓度胁迫下受抑制。表明Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子在巨大侧耳应对Cd2+胁迫中发挥着重要的调控作用。
KEGG富集分析表明,两种Cd2+浓度胁迫下菌丝中上调表达的转录因子的靶基因都富集到硫代谢、萜类物质合成、硒化合物代谢等代谢通路,说明不管Cd2+浓度高低,菌丝都需要应对氧化应激。值得注意的是,硒代谢通路在植物中可通过硒与硫代谢协同作用抑制重金属吸收,并利用硒蛋白增强抗氧化能力(Lanza & Reis 2021),本研究首次在大型真菌中发现其潜在抗Cd2+胁迫作用,提示巨大侧耳可能通过硒蛋白合成增强抗氧化能力。此外,我们使用在线程序antiSMASH (https://fungismash.secondarymetabolites.org/#!/start)对42个在Cd2+胁迫下上调表达的Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子编码基因所在contig进行基因簇预测分析,发现EVM000312位于一个合成萜类化合物的基因簇内,EVM0011753接近一个合成萜类化合物的基因簇,EVM0006949接近一个合成非核糖体肽(NRPS)簇,EVM0001382位于一个非核糖体肽合成簇内,推测这4个转录因子可能分别是萜类化合物和非核糖体肽的合成途径的特异性转录因子。这些结果与先前的研究相近,表明Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子在真菌应对环境胁迫中发挥了重要作用。例如,灵芝中的Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子通过调控三萜生物合成途径参与应激反应(阮诗雨 2024),而真姬菇中的Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子(HADA-1)在维持线粒体稳态和氧化应激反应中发挥了关键作用(Zhang et al. 2021)。
不同强度的Cd2+胁迫对菌丝的影响有明显差异。在10 μmol/L Cd2+胁迫下,菌丝通过调节细胞基础代谢(蛋白质合成、TCA循环)、促进次级代谢产物合成、激活硫代谢和ABC转运蛋白络合并外排Cd2+等途径可逆性缓解胁迫,维持生长。而在100 μmol/L Cd2+胁迫下,菌丝则启动蛋白质折叠修复(内质网应激通路)和外源物质代谢(细胞色素P450通路),反映细胞从“适应性生长”向“紧急防御”的策略转变。
合成生物学驱动的蘑菇定制化有助于将农业废弃物转化为食物等更多产品,是未来发展的方向(Zou et al. 2023)。阐明食用菌的基因调控机制,可以提高基因工程的育种效率,促进满足工业要求的快速生长的蘑菇底盘(chassis)的创建。本研究初步揭示了巨大侧耳Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子在Cd2+胁迫下的表达模式及其潜在功能,但需进一步明确其与菌丝富集Cd2+能力的调控关系。基于本研究结果,未来可针对可能调控下游金属转运蛋白(如ABC转运蛋白、囊泡运输相关蛋白)或螯合分子(如谷胱甘肽)的合成的Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6型转录因子进行重点研究,通过基因干扰或过表达实验构建转基因菌株,测定Cd2+胁迫下转基因菌株的Cd2+含量、亚细胞分布等,揭示它们直接调控Cd2+的跨膜运输与胞内解毒进程的作用。若能证实特定转录因子可正向调控镉富集效率,可通过基因编辑技术培育高富集能力的工程菌株,应用于重金属污染土壤的生物修复;反之,若发现负调控因子,则可为培育低镉积累的食用菌新品种提供靶点,降低食品安全风险。
刘悦:论文撰写、试验、数据整理及分析;宋学超:试验、数据整理及分析;张娜:实验及数据处理;张蕊和李维焕:实验指导、文章审核;程显好:文章审核;杨树德:实验设计及指导、数据审核、论文修改。
该研究不存在任何潜在利益冲突的商业或财务关系。
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  • 山东省科技型中小企业创新能力提升工程项目(2021TSGC1233)
  • 山东省科技型中小企业创新能力提升工程项目(2023TSGC900)
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2026年第45卷第2期
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doi: 10.13346/j.mycosystema.250058
  • 接收时间:2025-03-10
  • 首发时间:2026-04-29
  • 出版时间:2026-02-22
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-10
  • 录用日期:2025-09-23
基金
Genetic Breeding Position in Edible Mushroom Innovation Team of Shandong Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System(SDAIT-07-03)
山东省现代农业产业技术体系食用菌创新团队遗传育种岗位(SDAIT-07-03)
Science and Technology-based Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Innovation Capacity Enhancement Project of Shandong Province(2021TSGC1233)
山东省科技型中小企业创新能力提升工程项目(2021TSGC1233)
Science and Technology-based Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Innovation Capacity Enhancement Project of Shandong Province(2023TSGC900)
山东省科技型中小企业创新能力提升工程项目(2023TSGC900)
作者信息
    鲁东大学园艺学院 山东省食药用菌技术重点实验室 烟台市食药用菌技术创新中心,山东 烟台 264025

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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