Article(id=1228268592471405245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999776411738115, issueId=1228268587459216114, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12048/j.issn.1674-229X.2025.08.006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1737475200000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770771652571, onlineDateStr=2026-02-11, pubDate=1756051200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770771652571, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-11, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770771652571, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770771652571, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1228268587459216114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999776411738115, year='2025', volume='35', issue='8', pageStart='561', pageEnd='640', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770771651377, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770795163631, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1228367205105075039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999776411738115, issueId=1228268587459216114, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1228367205105075040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999776411738115, issueId=1228268587459216114, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=593, endPage=597, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1228268592723063491, articleId=1228268592471405245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999776411738115, language=EN, title=Simultaneous Determination of 11 Mycotoxins in Fukang Tablets by UPLC-MS / MS, columnId=null, journalTitle=Pharmacy Today, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
OBJECTIVE

To investigate the residue of mycotoxins in Fukang tablets.

METHODS

The multi-in-one immunoaffinity columns were used to establish a UPLC-MS/MS quantitative analysis method, which was applied to analyze 29 batches of samples collected from six manufacturing enterprises.

RESULTS

The linear relationship of 11 mycotoxins was good within their respective linear ranges, with the correlation coefficient r ranging from 0.996 4 to 0.999 9 and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) ranging from 0.4 to 40 ng/tablet. The average recovery rate of 11 mycotoxins was 74.0% to 115.7%, and the RSD ranged from 2.6% to 11.3%. Among 29 batches of Fukang Tablets, except one batch in which fumonisin B3 (FB3) was measured at 10.4 ng/tablet, while the mycotoxin levels in the other samples were all less than 5 ng/tablet.

CONCLUSION

This method is rapid, accurate, highly sensitive, and reproducible, making it suitable for the quantitative detection and safety evaluation of multiple mycotoxins in Fukang tablets with complex matrix components.

, correspAuthors=Simin XIE, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Junfei CHEN, Jianming LI, Simin XIE, Lihong GU, Huichan HOU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1228268593998131953, articleId=1228268592471405245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999776411738115, language=CN, title=UPLC-MS/MS法同时测定中成药妇康片中11种真菌毒素, columnId=1228268589086606089, journalTitle=今日药学, columnName=论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

研究妇康片中真菌毒素的残留情况。

方法

采用多合一免疫亲和柱,建立UPLC-MS/MS定量分析方法,对收集6家生产企业的29批样品进行分析。

结果

11种真菌毒素在各自线性范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r在0.996 4~0.999 9,定量限为每片0.4~40 ng。11种真菌毒素的平均加样回收率为74.0%~115.7%,RSD为2.6%~11.3%;29批妇康片中,除了一批样品测得伏马毒素B3含量为每片10.4 ng,其余样品真菌毒素测定值每片均小于5 ng。

结论

该方法快速准确、灵敏度高、重复性好,适用于基质成分复杂的妇康片中多种真菌毒素的定量检测及安全性评价。

, correspAuthors=谢思敏, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 谢思敏,硕士,副主任中药师,研究方向:中药材及中成药质量标准研究,E-mail:
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陈俊妃,中药师,研究方向:中药材及中成药质量标准研究

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陈俊妃,中药师,研究方向:中药材及中成药质量标准研究

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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999776411738115, articleId=1228268592471405245, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=妇康片), Keyword(id=1228268597802365847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999776411738115, articleId=1228268592471405245, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=UPLC-MS/MS), Keyword(id=1228268597877863323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999776411738115, articleId=1228268592471405245, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=多种真菌毒素)], refs=[Reference(id=1228268599161320419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999776411738115, articleId=1228268592471405245, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=35, issue=3, pageStart=186, pageEnd=194, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=李雅静, 秦曙, 杨艳梅, journalName=中国粮油学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李雅静, 秦曙, 杨艳梅, 等. 中国谷物真菌毒素污染研究现状[J]. 中国粮油学报, 2020, 35(3): 186-194., articleTitle=中国谷物真菌毒素污染研究现状, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1228268599241012201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, 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year=2024, volume=39, issue=11, pageStart=5882, pageEnd=5888, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=杨昌贵, 康传志, 郭兰萍, journalName=中华中医药杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杨昌贵, 康传志, 郭兰萍, 等. 中药材真菌毒素污染的系统文献分析[J]. 中华中医药杂志, 2024, 39(11): 5882-5888., articleTitle=中药材真菌毒素污染的系统文献分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1228268601065533444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999776411738115, articleId=1228268592471405245, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=32, issue=3, pageStart=603, pageEnd=606, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=张玮玮, 张志鹏, 董雪, journalName=时珍国医国药, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张玮玮, 张志鹏, 董雪, 等. 远志产地初加工过程中黄曲霉污染调查及病发规律研究[J]. 时珍国医国药, 2021, 32(3): 603-606., articleTitle=远志产地初加工过程中黄曲霉污染调查及病发规律研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1228268601178779654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999776411738115, articleId=1228268592471405245, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=23, issue=7, 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卫生研究, 2020, 49(5): 840-843, 872., articleTitle=上海市售薏苡仁中玉米赤霉烯酮的污染状况及暴露评估, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1228268601522712602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999776411738115, articleId=1228268592471405245, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=30, issue=12, pageStart=1424, pageEnd=1427, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=王少敏, 杜春晓, 周恒, journalName=中国卫生检验杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王少敏, 杜春晓, 周恒, 等. 超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定瓜蒌皮及提取物中6种玉米赤霉烯酮类真菌毒素[J]. 中国卫生检验杂志, 2020, 30(12): 1424-1427., articleTitle=超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定瓜蒌皮及提取物中6种玉米赤霉烯酮类真菌毒素, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1228268601669513250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999776411738115, articleId=1228268592471405245, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1997, volume=第十二册, issue=null, pageStart=56, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=国家药典委员会, journalName=中华人民共和国卫生部药品标准·中药成方制剂, refType=null, unstructuredReference=国家药典委员会. 中华人民共和国卫生部药品标准·中药成方制剂[M]. 第十二册. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 1997: 56., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1228268601740816421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999776411738115, articleId=1228268592471405245, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=国家药典委员会, journalName=中华人民共和国药典, refType=null, unstructuredReference=国家药典委员会. 中华人民共和国药典[M]. 北京: 中国医药科技出版社, 2020., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1228268601845674026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999776411738115, articleId=1228268592471405245, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=40, issue=12, pageStart=27, pageEnd=35, 281, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=黄仁堂, 刘洪美, 关凯仪, journalName=中华中医药学刊, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黄仁堂, 刘洪美, 关凯仪, 等. 液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测中药中多种真菌毒素的研究进展[J]. 中华中医药学刊, 2022, 40(12): 27-35, 281., 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注:横坐标为t/min,纵坐标为响应值AU/×105

, figureFileSmall=1X/kfDayUGjameIrw/NSgg==, figureFileBig=nqfJ/o10b7knNTZt9nfQKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1228268598406345656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999776411738115, articleId=1228268592471405245, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号中文名英文名母离子子离子CE/V
1黄曲霉毒素B1AFB1312.90241.00*39
312.90285.1025
2黄曲霉毒素B2AFB2315.30259.10*30
315.30287.1026
3黄曲霉毒素G1AFG1329.20243.10*28
329.20311.0023
329.20200.1041
4黄曲霉毒素G2AFG2331.20257.1032
331.20245.1031
331.20189.10*41
5伏马毒素B1FB1722.20352.3038
722.20334.30*42
6伏马毒素B2FB2706.60336.30*37
706.60318.3039
7伏马毒素B3FB3706.20336.30*38
706.20318.3039
8T-2毒素T-2489.40245.10*29
489.40387.1023
484.00305.1015
484.00185.1026
9玉米赤霉烯酮ZEN317.20131.10-28
317.20175.00*-24
10赭曲霉毒素AOTA404.30239.00*24
404.30358.0016
404.30341.0021
113-乙酰基脱氧雪3-ACE339.30231.10*116
腐镰刀菌烯醇339.30213.0018
339.30203.3019
), ArticleFig(id=1228268598607672257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999776411738115, articleId=1228268592471405245, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

化合物监测离子对和CE

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号中文名英文名母离子子离子CE/V
1黄曲霉毒素B1AFB1312.90241.00*39
312.90285.1025
2黄曲霉毒素B2AFB2315.30259.10*30
315.30287.1026
3黄曲霉毒素G1AFG1329.20243.10*28
329.20311.0023
329.20200.1041
4黄曲霉毒素G2AFG2331.20257.1032
331.20245.1031
331.20189.10*41
5伏马毒素B1FB1722.20352.3038
722.20334.30*42
6伏马毒素B2FB2706.60336.30*37
706.60318.3039
7伏马毒素B3FB3706.20336.30*38
706.20318.3039
8T-2毒素T-2489.40245.10*29
489.40387.1023
484.00305.1015
484.00185.1026
9玉米赤霉烯酮ZEN317.20131.10-28
317.20175.00*-24
10赭曲霉毒素AOTA404.30239.00*24
404.30358.0016
404.30341.0021
113-乙酰基脱氧雪3-ACE339.30231.10*116
腐镰刀菌烯醇339.30213.0018
339.30203.3019
), ArticleFig(id=1228268598666392519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999776411738115, articleId=1228268592471405245, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号化合物相关系数r线性范围/ng线性方程LOD/(ng/片)LOQ/(ng/片)
1AFG10.998 30.000 2~0.01y=57 166.4x-889.8650.080.4
2AFG20.999 80.000 2~0.01y=28 084.7x-952.1980.080.4
3AFB10.999 50.000 2~0.01y=78 124.6x-370.8950.080.4
4AFB20.999 40.000 2~0.01y=38 659.4x-408.2910.080.4
5FB10.998 80.004~0.20y=13 215.2x-620.8701.608.0
6FB20.999 30.004~0.20y=75 810.0x-3 245.3901.608.0
7FB30.997 10.004~0.20y=34 565.5x-2 767.1201.608.0
8T-20.999 20.002~0.10y=297 50.0x+1 315.6800.804.0
9ZEN0.999 90.002~0.10y=61 111.6x-335.4640.804.0
10OTA0.996 40.000 2~0.01y=16 962.7x-431.9750.080.4
113-ACE0.999 60.02~1.00y=71 449.2x+869.6038.0040.0
), ArticleFig(id=1228268598746084300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999776411738115, articleId=1228268592471405245, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

11种真菌毒素线性关系及检出限、定量限

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号化合物相关系数r线性范围/ng线性方程LOD/(ng/片)LOQ/(ng/片)
1AFG10.998 30.000 2~0.01y=57 166.4x-889.8650.080.4
2AFG20.999 80.000 2~0.01y=28 084.7x-952.1980.080.4
3AFB10.999 50.000 2~0.01y=78 124.6x-370.8950.080.4
4AFB20.999 40.000 2~0.01y=38 659.4x-408.2910.080.4
5FB10.998 80.004~0.20y=13 215.2x-620.8701.608.0
6FB20.999 30.004~0.20y=75 810.0x-3 245.3901.608.0
7FB30.997 10.004~0.20y=34 565.5x-2 767.1201.608.0
8T-20.999 20.002~0.10y=297 50.0x+1 315.6800.804.0
9ZEN0.999 90.002~0.10y=61 111.6x-335.4640.804.0
10OTA0.996 40.000 2~0.01y=16 962.7x-431.9750.080.4
113-ACE0.999 60.02~1.00y=71 449.2x+869.6038.0040.0
), ArticleFig(id=1228268598821581777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999776411738115, articleId=1228268592471405245, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号化合物加入量/ng回收率/%
平均RSD
1AFG110408074.7372.4076.6274.62.8
2AFG210408071.6779.5370.7074.06.6
3AFB110408076.8783.9280.3380.44.4
4AFB210408087.2084.7078.9283.65.1
5FB12008001 60078.8776.9574.8976.92.6
6FB22008001 60085.9381.9768.9078.911.3
7FB32008001 60085.6083.3871.4180.19.5
8T-2100400800115.87111.38119.85115.73.7
9ZEN100400800106.43101.72100.76103.02.9
10OTA10408090.9979.4583.6884.76.9
113-ACE1 0004 0008 00084.4075.0270.6776.79.2
), ArticleFig(id=1228268598897079253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999776411738115, articleId=1228268592471405245, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

11种真菌毒素平均加样回收率的测定结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号化合物加入量/ng回收率/%
平均RSD
1AFG110408074.7372.4076.6274.62.8
2AFG210408071.6779.5370.7074.06.6
3AFB110408076.8783.9280.3380.44.4
4AFB210408087.2084.7078.9283.65.1
5FB12008001 60078.8776.9574.8976.92.6
6FB22008001 60085.9381.9768.9078.911.3
7FB32008001 60085.6083.3871.4180.19.5
8T-2100400800115.87111.38119.85115.73.7
9ZEN100400800106.43101.72100.76103.02.9
10OTA10408090.9979.4583.6884.76.9
113-ACE1 0004 0008 00084.4075.0270.6776.79.2
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UPLC-MS/MS法同时测定中成药妇康片中11种真菌毒素
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陈俊妃 , 栗建明 , 谢思敏 * , 顾利红 , 侯惠婵
今日药学 | 论著 2025,35(8): 593-597
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今日药学 | 论著 2025, 35(8): 593-597
UPLC-MS/MS法同时测定中成药妇康片中11种真菌毒素
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陈俊妃, 栗建明, 谢思敏* , 顾利红, 侯惠婵
作者信息
  • 广州市药品检验所,国家药品监督管理局中成药质量评价重点实验室,广东广州 510160
  • 陈俊妃,中药师,研究方向:中药材及中成药质量标准研究

通讯作者:

* 谢思敏,硕士,副主任中药师,研究方向:中药材及中成药质量标准研究,E-mail:
Simultaneous Determination of 11 Mycotoxins in Fukang Tablets by UPLC-MS / MS
Junfei CHEN, Jianming LI, Simin XIE* , Lihong GU, Huichan HOU
Affiliations
  • Guangzhou Institute for Drug Control, Key Laboratory for Quality of Chinese Patent Medicine, National Medical Products Administration, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510160, China
出版时间: 2025-08-25 doi: 10.12048/j.issn.1674-229X.2025.08.006
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目的

研究妇康片中真菌毒素的残留情况。

方法

采用多合一免疫亲和柱,建立UPLC-MS/MS定量分析方法,对收集6家生产企业的29批样品进行分析。

结果

11种真菌毒素在各自线性范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r在0.996 4~0.999 9,定量限为每片0.4~40 ng。11种真菌毒素的平均加样回收率为74.0%~115.7%,RSD为2.6%~11.3%;29批妇康片中,除了一批样品测得伏马毒素B3含量为每片10.4 ng,其余样品真菌毒素测定值每片均小于5 ng。

结论

该方法快速准确、灵敏度高、重复性好,适用于基质成分复杂的妇康片中多种真菌毒素的定量检测及安全性评价。

妇康片  /  UPLC-MS/MS  /  多种真菌毒素
OBJECTIVE

To investigate the residue of mycotoxins in Fukang tablets.

METHODS

The multi-in-one immunoaffinity columns were used to establish a UPLC-MS/MS quantitative analysis method, which was applied to analyze 29 batches of samples collected from six manufacturing enterprises.

RESULTS

The linear relationship of 11 mycotoxins was good within their respective linear ranges, with the correlation coefficient r ranging from 0.996 4 to 0.999 9 and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) ranging from 0.4 to 40 ng/tablet. The average recovery rate of 11 mycotoxins was 74.0% to 115.7%, and the RSD ranged from 2.6% to 11.3%. Among 29 batches of Fukang Tablets, except one batch in which fumonisin B3 (FB3) was measured at 10.4 ng/tablet, while the mycotoxin levels in the other samples were all less than 5 ng/tablet.

CONCLUSION

This method is rapid, accurate, highly sensitive, and reproducible, making it suitable for the quantitative detection and safety evaluation of multiple mycotoxins in Fukang tablets with complex matrix components.

Fukang tablets  /  UPLC-MS/MS  /  various mycotoxins
陈俊妃, 栗建明, 谢思敏, 顾利红, 侯惠婵. UPLC-MS/MS法同时测定中成药妇康片中11种真菌毒素. 今日药学, 2025 , 35 (8) : 593 -597 . DOI: 10.12048/j.issn.1674-229X.2025.08.006
Junfei CHEN, Jianming LI, Simin XIE, Lihong GU, Huichan HOU. Simultaneous Determination of 11 Mycotoxins in Fukang Tablets by UPLC-MS / MS[J]. Pharmacy Today, 2025 , 35 (8) : 593 -597 . DOI: 10.12048/j.issn.1674-229X.2025.08.006
真菌毒素又称霉菌毒素,是真菌在适宜温湿度条件下产生的次级代谢产物,对农产品、中药材等植物性产品造成污染[1,2]。中药材在种植、采收、运输、加工、生产、贮藏到流通等各个过程中均易受到多种真菌毒素污染,从而影响中药材质量、药品安全及合格率[3]。由于各类真菌毒素的发生毒性的机理不同,容易受污染的对象也有所不同。粮谷类、种子类、油性成分多的品种应注意黄曲霉毒素的检测[4];与粮谷类有类似基质的中药材应注意赭曲霉毒素、呕吐毒素和玉米赤霉烯酮的检测,如淡豆豉、薏苡仁、白扁豆等;酸性果实类中药应注意展青霉素的检测,如枸杞子、乌梅、酸枣仁等[5-11]。因此处方中含有易污染的药材以及生药原粉投料的中成药品种应注意相关真菌毒素的检测。
妇康片处方中包含益母草、当归、白芍(酒制)、茯苓、延胡索(醋制)、人参、川芎、炙甘草、阿胶、熟地黄、白术(炒)共11味药材[12]。其中延胡索易受黄曲霉毒素污染,为2020年版中国药典中规定进行黄曲霉毒素检查的品种[13],人参、茯苓易受赭曲霉毒素、呕吐毒素和玉米赤霉烯酮等污染[14]。因此,针对国内外关注度较高且高毒性、与人们健康安全息息相关的黄曲霉毒素、赭曲霉毒素及玉米赤霉烯酮等多种真菌毒素,本研究采用多合一免疫亲和净化柱,通过优化液相色谱-质谱条件,建立妇康片中11种真菌毒素液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法,并对收集6家生产企业的29批样品进行分析,为妇康片中的安全性研究和质量控制提供试验依据和方法。
LCMS-8050型超快速HPLC-MS/MS液质联用仪(配备LC-30AD二元高压梯度泵、SIL-30AC恒温自动进样器、CTO-40C-柱温箱,LC/MS 8050 Triple Quad质谱检测器,Labsolution色谱工作站,日本岛津公司);XS 204型电子天平(十万分之一,瑞士梅特勒-托利多有限公司);Auto HG-24全自动均质仪(新锐精仪科技有限公司);高速冷冻离心机(德国热电实验设备有限公司)。
多种真菌毒素混合对照品溶液(购于Romer公司,Lot 1000024512,内含黄曲霉毒素B1、黄曲霉毒素B2、黄曲霉毒素G1、黄曲霉毒素G2、伏马毒素B1、伏马毒素B2、伏马毒素B3、T-2毒素、玉米赤霉烯酮、赭曲霉毒素A及3-乙酰基脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇,质量浓度分别为0.5、0.5、0.5、0.5、10、10、10、5、5、0.5、50 μg·mL-1)。
乙腈(4 L,色谱级,德国默克公司);自制Milli-Q超纯水(BiLLerica,MA,USA);甲酸(500 mL,色谱级,阿拉丁公司);甲酸铵(50 g,色谱级,美国安谱公司);其余试剂均为分析纯(广州化学试剂厂)。11+Myco MS-PREP(即11+霉菌毒素多功能免疫亲和柱,购自德国拜发公司,P1288)。
妇康片29批(生产企业A,批号:200901、210101、210301、210601、210801、211101、220501、221101,编号为1~8;生产企业B,批号:20201101、20201201、20210701、20210702、20210703、20210705、20220101、20220102、20220103、20220104、20220105、20221101、20221102,编号为9~21;生产企业C,批号:210101、210102、210301、210302,编号为22~25;生产企业D,批号:210501、201801,编号为26~27;生产企业E,批号:019210301、编号为28;生产企业F,批号:210701,编号为29)。
五氟苯基色谱柱(岛津shim-pack Velox,PFPP,2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8 μm,227-32019-03);以0.02%甲酸0.1 mmol·L-1甲酸铵为流动相A相,以乙腈-0.02%甲酸0.1 mmol·L-1(95:5)为流动相B相,梯度洗脱(0~3 min,15%~18%B,3~4 min,18%~40%B,4~9 min,40%~75%B,9~9.05 min,75%~100%B,9.05~12 min,100%B),流速0.3 mL·min-1;柱温:40 ℃;进样量:2 μL。
以三重四极杆质谱仪为检测器;电喷雾离子源(ESI),进行多反应监测,雾化气流量3.0 L·min-1,干燥气流量10.0 L·min-1,加热气流量10.0 L·min-1,接口温度300 ℃,DL管温度250 ℃。黄曲霉毒素B1、黄曲霉毒素B2、黄曲霉毒素G1、黄曲霉毒素G2、伏马毒素B1、伏马毒素B2、伏马毒素B3、T-2毒素、赭曲霉毒素A及3-乙酰基脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇为正离子采集模式,玉米赤霉烯酮为负离子采集模式;各化合物监测离子对和碰撞电压(CE)见下表1
精密量取多种真菌毒素混合对照溶液1 mL,置10 mL量瓶中,加乙腈稀释至刻度,摇匀,作为混合对照品工作溶液①,再精密量混合对照品工作溶液①1 mL,置5 mL量瓶中,加70%甲醇稀释至刻度,摇匀,作为混合对照品工作溶液②;分别精密量取上述混合对照品工作溶液②10、20、50、100、200、300、500 μL,加70%甲醇稀释至1.0 mL,制成系列不同质量浓度混合对照品溶液。
取供试品20片,精密称定,研细,取适量(约5片),精密称定,加入氯化钠1 g,精密加入70%甲醇溶液25 mL,高速匀浆2 min(转速≥11 000 r·min-1),离心5 min(转速4 000 r·min-1),精密量取上清液5 mL,置50 mL量瓶中,用磷酸盐缓冲液PBS(称取氯化钠8.0 g,磷酸氢二钠0.2 g,氯化钾0.2 g,加水990 mL使溶解,用盐酸调节pH值至7.0,加水稀释至1 000 mL,即得)稀释至刻度,摇匀,离心5 min(转速4 000 r·min-1),精密量取上清液25 mL,通过免疫亲和柱,流速3 mL·min-1,用25 mL水洗脱,弃去洗脱液,使空气进入柱子,将水挤出柱子,再用1.5 mL甲醇洗脱,收集洗脱液,置2 mL量瓶中,并用水稀释至刻度,摇匀,用微孔滤膜(0.22 μm)滤过,取续滤液,即得。
取经预先测定,未检出11种真菌毒素的妇康片样品,按照“2.3.2”项下操作,制备空白供试品溶液;按“2.1”和“2.2”项下条件检测空白供试品溶液、对照品溶液及供试品溶液,结果表明,样品中其他成分不干扰测定,说明该方法专属性良好。见图1
分别精密吸取“2.3.1”项下的系列不同质量浓度混合对照品溶液,按“2.1”和“2.2”项下检测条件分别测定,以峰面积为纵坐标(y),浓度为横坐标(x),权重选择1/x,绘制标准曲线。所测11种真菌毒素线性关系良好。此外,取“2.3.1”项下的混合对照品溶液稀释成不同浓度,按“2.1”和“2.2”项下条件检测,以信噪比S/N≥3为检出限(LOD),S/N≥ 10为定量限(LOQ),取样量以5片计,计算各待测毒素的LOD和LOQ,结果见表2
精密量取“2.3.1”项下混合对照品工作溶液②500 μL加70%甲醇稀释至10.0 mL,摇匀,按“2.1”和“2.2”项条件下连续进样6次,计算各待测毒素峰面积的RSD,结果显示AFG1、AFG2、AFB1、AFB2、FB1、FB2、FB3、T-2、ZEN、OTA及3-ACE峰面积的RSD分别为7.1%、8.8%、7.0%、4.5%、9.6%、5.6%、7.3%、8.8%、3.0%、8.9%、4.7%,表明仪器精密度良好。
取妇康片(生产企业B,批号:20210701),精密加入混合对照品工作溶液①0.5 mL,挥干,按“2.3.2”项下方法制备供试品溶液6份,按“2.1”和“2.2”项条件检测,计算各毒素测得浓度的RSD,结果显示AFG1、AFG2、AFB1、AFB2、FB1、FB2、FB3、T-2、ZEN、OTA及3-ACE峰面积的RSD分别为8.5%、8.9%、10.1%、7.0%、9.4%、7.2%、8.7%、10.2%、3.6%、4.5%、5.2%,表明该方法重复性良好。
取“2.4.3”项下的供试品溶液,分别于0、2、4、6、12、24h测定,计算各待测毒素峰面积的RSD,结果显示AFG1、AFG2、AFB1、AFB2、FB1、FB2、FB3、T-2、ZEN、OTA及3-ACE峰面积的RSD分别为7.8%、9.1%、6.8%、7.3%、7.7%、8.5%、10.1%、7.3%、5.4%、4.2%、7.4%,表明供试品溶液在24 h内稳定性良好。
取妇康片(生产企业B,批号为20210701,测得ZEN含量为9.878 ng·g-1,OTA含量1.859 ng·g-1),按低、中、高加样水平,分别精密加入混合对照品工作溶液①0.2、0.8、1.6 mL,挥干,按“2.3.2”项方法制备供试品溶液并测定,每个加样水平平行制备3份,计算各待测毒素的回收率和RSD。11种真菌毒素的平均加样回收率为74.0%~115.7%,RSD为2.6%~11.3%。说明建立的方法对测定妇康片中AFG1、AFG2、AFB1、AFB2、FB1、FB2、FB3、T-2、ZEN、OTA及3-ACE 11种毒素准确性良好。见表3
取“1.2”项下29批妇康片,按“2.3.2”项下制备供试品溶液,按“2.1”和“2.2”项条件下进样分析,结果29批妇康片中,有24批检测出OTA,含量在每片0.533~2.586 ng之间;AFB1、FB3和ZEN各检出1批,含量分别为每片0.658、10.430、4.940 ng。
2020年版中国药典四部(通则2351)方法第六法项下多种真菌毒素测定法中采用传统的C18色谱柱,但FB1、FB2及FB3因其结构中多羧基及氧原子的存在容易导致化合物与金属发生特异性吸附,造成伏马毒素不出峰的现象,因而本研究选择采用五氟苯基柱,因为该色谱柱的硅烷基上键合1个五氟苯基,可以提高对分析物的保留及选择性,对DON及3-ACE等极性大的化合物有更好的保留,对FB2及FB3的异构体有更好的分离。
此外,妇康片的处方多达11味中药,制法上仅采用传统的水煎煮法和渗漉法并有生药原粉入药,基质成分复杂,在生产、储藏及运输等环节易遭受多种真菌污染,不仅会破坏其有效成分,还可能出现因遭受多种真菌毒素污染,影响其整体质量和疗效,对人体造成不良影响的现象。因此,本研究选择采用11+Myco MS-PREP,与传统的HLB固相萃取技术相比,该亲和柱中含有针对黄曲霉毒素总量、玉米赤霉烯酮、赭曲霉毒素、T-2、伏马毒素总量等目标毒素的高特异性单克隆抗体凝胶悬浮液,选择性强,除杂效果佳。不仅可对待测样品中的真菌毒素进行净化和富集,降低其离子抑制效应,同时获得多种真菌毒素的含量信息,优化样品前处理的步骤,提高检测效率;并无需使用基质标准溶液,在此基础上,供试品溶液的制备过程中,先用磷酸盐缓冲液PBS稀释再过免疫亲和柱用水淋洗,能够最大程度淋洗杂质,让过柱操作更加流畅,提高了检测的准确度和灵敏度;为复杂样品妇康片的分析提供了强大的技术支持。
本方法以三重四极杆质谱仪为检测器,电喷雾离子源(ESI)正负模式同时扫描,进行多反应监测,其中流动相中加入甲酸、甲酸铵等溶剂可增强化合物的离子化效率,提高待测真菌毒素的响应值。方法比较了流动相系统中加入不同浓度甲酸和甲酸铵测得的11种待测真菌毒素的响应值与在乙腈-水流动相系统测得的响应值,结果显示,流动相加入0.01%甲酸后,除FB1、FB2、FB3、T-2及OTA外,其余6种待测毒素的响应值均得到提高,但随着加入甲酸浓度的提高,11种毒素的响应均降低;而在流动相中加入甲酸铵后,能明显增强AFG1、AFG2、AFB1、AFB2的响应。进一步比较乙腈系统和甲醇系统,结果显示甲醇系统下待测毒素的响应值优于乙腈系统,但由于甲醇的黏度大,易造成系统压力过高,兼顾部分响应弱的待测毒素,最终流动相系统选择乙腈-0.005%甲酸0.05 mmol·L-1甲酸铵系统。
本实验测得结果显示29批妇康片中,有24批检出OTA,含量在每片0.5~2.6 ng之间;AFB1、FB3和ZEN各检出1批,含量分别为每片0.7、10.4、4.9 ng;即除了一批样品测得伏马毒素B3含量为每片10.4 ng,其余样品真菌毒素测定值均小于每片5 ng。因为目前尚未见有国家或地区制订中成药中真菌毒素的检测标准及限量,参考中国、欧盟以及食品添加剂专家委员会(Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committeeon FoodAdditives,JECFA)等对食品中真菌毒素的限量标准要求汇总[15]:OTA的限量为0.5~80.0 μg·kg-1,AFB1的限量为2~20 μg·kg-1,FB的限量为2 000~4 000 μg·kg-1,ZEN的限量为20~200 μg·kg-1;考虑到中药有别于食品,中药是以达到特定治疗为目的,特定人群在特定的时间范围内使用,在膳食结构中占比较小且中药材在使用时会经再次加工炮制等过程,由此可见,妇康片中真菌污染的风险很小。综上,本研究建立的妇康片中11种真菌毒素UPLC-MS/MS检测方法,可为妇康片中的安全性研究和质量控制提供实验依据和方法。
  • 2023年国家药品抽检计划(国药监药管[2023]2号-27)
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2025年第35卷第8期
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doi: 10.12048/j.issn.1674-229X.2025.08.006
  • 接收时间:2025-01-22
  • 首发时间:2026-02-11
  • 出版时间:2025-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-22
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2023年国家药品抽检计划(国药监药管[2023]2号-27)
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    广州市药品检验所,国家药品监督管理局中成药质量评价重点实验室,广东广州 510160

通讯作者:

* 谢思敏,硕士,副主任中药师,研究方向:中药材及中成药质量标准研究,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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