Article(id=1228268590265201324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999776411738115, issueId=1228268587459216114, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12048/j.issn.1674-229X.2025.08.012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1727539200000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-29, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770771652046, onlineDateStr=2026-02-11, pubDate=1756051200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770771652046, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-11, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770771652046, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770771652046, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1228268587459216114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999776411738115, year='2025', volume='35', issue='8', pageStart='561', pageEnd='640', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1770771651377, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770795163631, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1228367205105075039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999776411738115, issueId=1228268587459216114, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1228367205105075040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999776411738115, issueId=1228268587459216114, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=623, endPage=628, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1228268590579774126, articleId=1228268590265201324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999776411738115, language=EN, title=Clinical Pharmacists Participated in the Pharmaceutical Care of A Case of Strongyloides Stercoralis Mixed Infection with Multiple Pathogens, columnId=null, journalTitle=Pharmacy Today, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
OBJECTIVE

To analyze the management and pharmaceutical care of a patient with Strongyloides Stercoralis mixed infection with multiple pathogens, thereby providing evidence for rational clinical prescribing.

METHODS

Clinical pharmacists fully participated in the clinical treatment process of a patient with strongyloides stercoralis mixed infection with multiple pathogens, referring to the relevant clinical guidelines, they recommended to combine albendazole tablets for antiparasitic treatment, and to provide pharmaceutical monitoring and medication education to patients optimize anti-infective regimens and monitor adverse reactionss and adverse reactions monitoring.

RESULTS

In the treatment process, clinical pharmacists utilized their expertise to assist doctors in interpreting drug sensitivity and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) reports, and carried out effective antiparasitic and anti-infection treatment. Suspected adverse drug reactions were treated in time, and the patient had a good prognosis.

CONCLUSION

Clinical pharmacists provide personalized pharmaceutical services for patients with mixed infections of multiple pathogens, and ensure the effectiveness and safety of medication.

, correspAuthors=Weiling CAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Zhuo QIN, Yusi LIU, Weiling CAO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1228268592869864135, articleId=1228268590265201324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999776411738115, language=CN, title=临床药师参与1例粪类圆线虫混合感染患者的药学监护, columnId=1228268588277105398, journalTitle=今日药学, columnName=临床药学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析1例粪类圆线虫及多种病原体混合感染患者的治疗与药学监护,为临床用药提供参考。

方法

临床药师全程监护1例粪类圆线虫及多种病原体混合感染患者的治疗,参考相关指南联用阿苯达唑片,优化抗感染方案,监测不良反应并对患者进行用药宣教。

结果

临床药师发挥专长,协助医生解读药敏及mNGS报告,进行了有效的抗寄生虫及抗感染治疗,及时处理疑似药物不良反应,患者预后良好。

结论

临床药师为多种病原体混合感染患者提供个体化的药学服务,确保了用药的有效性和安全性。

, correspAuthors=曹伟灵, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 曹伟灵,主任药师,研究方向:医院药学,,E-mail:
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秦卓,主管药师,研究方向:临床药学

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炎症指标D1(6.25)D3D4D8D9D13D20D28D30
WBC/(109·L-13.865.384.406.425.363.667.246.665.10
NEUT/%76.980.392.488.180.681.279.367.769.7
CRP/(mg·L-1150.62295.52154.6089.89273.56134.2617.337.1210.35
PCT/(ng·mL-12.413.641.970.841.240.350.150.110.06
EO/%0.000.200.000.100.85.37.04.35.8
), ArticleFig(id=1228268597332603760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227999776411738115, articleId=1228268590265201324, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

住院期间感染指标监测

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
炎症指标D1(6.25)D3D4D8D9D13D20D28D30
WBC/(109·L-13.865.384.406.425.363.667.246.665.10
NEUT/%76.980.392.488.180.681.279.367.769.7
CRP/(mg·L-1150.62295.52154.6089.89273.56134.2617.337.1210.35
PCT/(ng·mL-12.413.641.970.841.240.350.150.110.06
EO/%0.000.200.000.100.85.37.04.35.8
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临床药师参与1例粪类圆线虫混合感染患者的药学监护
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秦卓 , 刘宇思 , 曹伟灵 *
今日药学 | 临床药学 2025,35(8): 623-628
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今日药学 | 临床药学 2025, 35(8): 623-628
临床药师参与1例粪类圆线虫混合感染患者的药学监护
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秦卓, 刘宇思, 曹伟灵*
作者信息
  • 深圳市罗湖区人民医院药学部,广东 深圳 518000
  • 秦卓,主管药师,研究方向:临床药学

通讯作者:

* 曹伟灵,主任药师,研究方向:医院药学,,E-mail:
Clinical Pharmacists Participated in the Pharmaceutical Care of A Case of Strongyloides Stercoralis Mixed Infection with Multiple Pathogens
Zhuo QIN, Yusi LIU, Weiling CAO*
Affiliations
  • Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Luohu District of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
出版时间: 2025-08-25 doi: 10.12048/j.issn.1674-229X.2025.08.012
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目的

分析1例粪类圆线虫及多种病原体混合感染患者的治疗与药学监护,为临床用药提供参考。

方法

临床药师全程监护1例粪类圆线虫及多种病原体混合感染患者的治疗,参考相关指南联用阿苯达唑片,优化抗感染方案,监测不良反应并对患者进行用药宣教。

结果

临床药师发挥专长,协助医生解读药敏及mNGS报告,进行了有效的抗寄生虫及抗感染治疗,及时处理疑似药物不良反应,患者预后良好。

结论

临床药师为多种病原体混合感染患者提供个体化的药学服务,确保了用药的有效性和安全性。

粪类圆线虫  /  抗感染治疗  /  药学监护
OBJECTIVE

To analyze the management and pharmaceutical care of a patient with Strongyloides Stercoralis mixed infection with multiple pathogens, thereby providing evidence for rational clinical prescribing.

METHODS

Clinical pharmacists fully participated in the clinical treatment process of a patient with strongyloides stercoralis mixed infection with multiple pathogens, referring to the relevant clinical guidelines, they recommended to combine albendazole tablets for antiparasitic treatment, and to provide pharmaceutical monitoring and medication education to patients optimize anti-infective regimens and monitor adverse reactionss and adverse reactions monitoring.

RESULTS

In the treatment process, clinical pharmacists utilized their expertise to assist doctors in interpreting drug sensitivity and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) reports, and carried out effective antiparasitic and anti-infection treatment. Suspected adverse drug reactions were treated in time, and the patient had a good prognosis.

CONCLUSION

Clinical pharmacists provide personalized pharmaceutical services for patients with mixed infections of multiple pathogens, and ensure the effectiveness and safety of medication.

strongyloides stercoralis  /  anti-infective therapy  /  pharmaceutical care
秦卓, 刘宇思, 曹伟灵. 临床药师参与1例粪类圆线虫混合感染患者的药学监护. 今日药学, 2025 , 35 (8) : 623 -628 . DOI: 10.12048/j.issn.1674-229X.2025.08.012
Zhuo QIN, Yusi LIU, Weiling CAO. Clinical Pharmacists Participated in the Pharmaceutical Care of A Case of Strongyloides Stercoralis Mixed Infection with Multiple Pathogens[J]. Pharmacy Today, 2025 , 35 (8) : 623 -628 . DOI: 10.12048/j.issn.1674-229X.2025.08.012
粪类圆线虫是机会性致病寄生虫,在我国主要流行于广东、广西、云南等沿海湿热地带[1-3]。其幼虫可通过血液播散至脑、肺、肝、肾等器官,免疫功能低下者易进展为重症粪类圆线虫病,病死率高[4,5]。因临床表现缺乏特异性,易出现漏诊、误诊而贻误治疗,而粪类圆线虫及多种病原体混合感染患者病情则更加复杂,早期识别并诊断、及时驱虫和个体化抗感染治疗对病情的控制至关重要。临床药师通过全程药学监护,可保障用药的有效性及安全性。本文报道临床药师参与1例通过宏基因组二代测序(mNGS)确诊的粪类圆线虫及多种病原体混合感染患者的治疗实践,探讨抗感染方案优化及药学监护要点,为临床制定同类病例的个体化用药方案提供参考。该研究已取得患者知情同意。
患者为78岁男性,身高165 cm,体重64 kg,BMI 23.5 kg·m-2。因“腹痛、腹胀伴停止排气、排便48 h”于2023年6月25日收入普外科。神志清楚,言语流利,间断干咳。体检:T 36.5 ℃,HR 20次/分,BP 118/63 mmHg,腹膨隆,中上腹及左侧腹部压痛(+)。实验室检查:白细胞计数(WBC)5.38×109·L-1,中性粒细胞比值(NEUT%)76.9%,嗜酸性粒细胞比值(EO%)0.0%,超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)295.52 mg·L-1,降钙素原(PCT)6.41 ng·mL-1,甲型/乙型流感病毒抗原检测+2019-nCoV核酸检测阴性,肝肾功能正常,粪便形态学分析(常规+寄生虫)+隐血阴性。CT结果①双肺多发磨玻璃影,双肺上叶小结节,双肺散在纤维条索灶(见图1A)。②结肠肠腔内多发高密度影及腹部肠管扩张、积液。既往病史:脑梗死,周身性动脉硬化,左侧大隐静脉曲张伴瓣膜功能不全。患者半月前因急性脑梗死合并肺部感染收入神经内科,住院期间予抗血小板聚集(阿司匹林肠溶片+氯吡格雷片)、调脂固斑(阿托伐他汀钙片)、改善循环(银杏叶提取物注射液)及抗感染(注射用头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠)等治疗。用药史:规律服用阿司匹林肠溶片、硫酸氢氯吡格雷片及阿托伐他汀钙片6年余。家族做水产生意,居住环境潮湿,喜食生腌。无食物及药物过敏史,无吸毒史,无嗜烟史,饮酒50余年,现每日约3两白酒。入院诊断:①急性肠梗阻;②急性脑梗死(TOAST分型):大动脉粥样硬化型;③左侧大脑中动脉狭窄(轻-中度);④肺部感染等。
D2,患者行左半结肠切除术,病理报降结肠恶性肿瘤(溃疡型中分化管状腺癌pT3N0M0)。术后抗菌治疗继续沿用头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠(3 g,q8 h,ivgtt)联合甲硝唑氯化钠注射液(0.5 g,q8 h,ivgtt),临床药师与医生沟通建议停用甲硝唑。D3,患者高热39.1 ℃,炎症指标持续升高(见表1),痰培养(B级痰)示光滑念珠菌。抗感染方案升级为注射用亚胺培南西司他丁钠(1 g,q8 h,ivgtt)联合伏立康唑注射液(200 mg,q12 h,ivgtt),临床药师认为无抗真菌治疗指征,医生则考虑腹腔感染较重,仍按升级方案执行。
D7,患者心率升至180次/分,血压85/60 mmHg,血氧93%,伴胡言乱语,狂躁不能入眠,医生咨询上述异常是否存在药物因素,临床药师评估后认为符合药物中枢神经系统不良反应,建议停用亚胺培南西司他丁钠,改用美罗培南(1 g,q8 h,ivgtt)。医生采纳该建议后,患者未再出现神经系统症状。
D9,患者体温波动在38.1 ℃~38.5 ℃,呼吸急促(RR 35~40次/分),左肺可闻及大量湿性啰音,腹腔引流管通畅,复查腹部CT术区周围无积气积液。感染指标(CRP 273.56 mg·L-1,PCT 1.24 ng·mL-1)较前明显上升。引流液培养:产超广谱β-内酰胺酶大肠埃希菌(ESBLs-Eco)+铜绿假单胞菌,对当前的抗菌药物美罗培南均敏感。医生考虑腹腔感染合并肺部感染加重,咨询抗感染方案调整。临床药师判断抗菌药物品种、剂量及频次均合理,考虑患者合并多种疾病免疫受损状态,且当前病情危急,同意院感科等其他科室意见,建议行mNGS检测。
D13,近来患者痰量增加,复查胸部CT示肺部病灶较前增多(见图1B),肺泡灌洗液mNGS示粪类圆线虫(序列数为26 027条),嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌(序列数为30 887条),按蚊伊丽莎白金菌(序列数为68 707条),鲍曼不动杆菌(序列数为615条),铜绿假单胞菌(序列数为188条)。肺泡灌洗液涂片镜检:检见少量细菌,未见真菌、其他特殊异常细胞及寄生虫(见图2)。引流液培养:铜绿假单胞菌,对左氧氟沙星耐药,头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦、亚胺培南均敏感。医生诊断为寄生虫病引起的肺炎(粪类圆线虫),计划使用伊维菌素进行驱虫治疗,但院内无药且短期内无法采购。临床药师建议使用广谱驱虫药阿苯达唑片(400 mg,bid,po),疗程14 d同样可达到良好的治疗效果。针对嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌,根据药敏结果(对复方新诺明、米诺环素及头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦均敏感)建议降阶梯为注射用头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠(3 g,q8 h,ivgtt),医生采纳上述意见,但因患者经济原因未复查mNGS。D20、D21、D29日留取痰液镜检未见虫体,CT(D29)示双肺炎症较前有所吸收(见图1C),病情好转,完成阿苯达唑片14 d后停药。
D30,患者精神状态良好,已流质饮食,各项指标均恢复至正常水平(见表1)。最新的痰培养(D级痰:WBC 0~25/LPF,鳞状上皮细胞(EP)>25/LPF)报告仍为ESBLs-Eco+铜绿假单胞菌,对头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠、亚胺培南耐药。
合格痰标本应满足WBC>25/LPF,EP<10/LPF,或WBC与EP的数量比值>2.5[6]。临床药师判断该痰标本不合格,参考意义不大,建议停止抗感染治疗,重新送痰培养并加强观察,医生采纳意见,后续患者病情稳定,转入康复科治疗。出院诊断:1.降结肠恶性肿瘤(溃疡型中分化管状腺癌pT3N0M0);2.脑梗死(大动脉粥样硬化性);3.肠梗阻(急性);4.寄生虫病引起的肺炎(粪类圆线虫);5.肺部感染。
患者住院期间感染指标监测见表1,住院期间体温变化趋势图及抗感染用药疗程图见图3
《哈里森感染病学》[7]中指出,粪类圆线虫是一种肠道寄生虫,主要流行于热带和亚热带地区,通过其子代丝状幼虫感染人、猫、犬等。粪类圆线虫病临床表现主要与虫体迁移位置有关,当丝状幼虫穿透人体皮肤进入血液可引起皮肤瘙痒、移行性线状荨麻疹;在其移入肺泡,上升到支气管树期间可引起咳嗽、气促、咯血、呼吸困难等肺部症状;当幼虫发育成成虫后,会寄生于小肠近端黏膜,可引起腹泻、腹痛等消化道症状[8,9]。粪类圆线虫病临床症状严重程度与宿主免疫状态相关,当人体免疫力下降,包括低蛋白血症、癌症、器官移植、慢性肾衰竭、营养不良或接受皮质类固醇激素治疗等情况下粪类圆线虫会大量繁殖,向脑、肝、泌尿系统等全身各器官扩散,引起播散性粪类圆线虫病,进而发展成重症[10,11]
粪类圆线虫病的确诊主要依据流行病学资料和病原学检测,后者包括粪便常规镜检、血清学检测、荧光定量PCR技术及新发展的mNGS等。粪便镜检操作简单,可普及开展,但其阳性率低,需要反复送检,同时对于检验人员要求高,需要辨别各类形态相似的寄生虫虫卵具有较大难度[12,13]。血清学和PCR检测方法特异性强、灵敏度高,当推测可能是粪类圆线虫病时可选择相应的血清特异性抗体或设计对应的引物进行PCR扩增,而这2种方法在病原菌未知情况下并不适用。mNGS技术较其他常规检测方法来说具有优势,检测覆盖范围广,包含细菌、真菌、病毒及寄生虫,同时短耗时的优势又为患者的及时救治争取了时间,对于甄别粪类圆线虫及多种病原体混合感染是值得采用的技术手段[14-16],但弊端是mNGS属于定性检测方法,根据其结果无法判断检测到的微生物是否存活,需要医生结合临床症状进一步判断,且价格较贵,患者接受度有限。
本例患者广东籍,长期从事水产生意,居住环境潮湿,喜食生腌,有感染粪类圆线虫的环境条件。但病程初期肺部症状仅表现为干咳,且粪便形态学分析(寄生虫)阴性,肠梗阻术后随着疾病的进展,患者出现痰量增多、肺部病灶增加,此时肺泡灌洗液涂片镜检仍未见寄生虫(见图1),而肺泡灌洗液mNGS示粪类圆线虫(序列数为26 027条),结合患者癌症、既往长期服用多种慢病药物,术后免疫功能进一步下降,存在幼虫快速增殖播散引起全身感染的可能,且患者体温升高,感染指标上升,敏感抗菌药疗效欠佳,同时EO%降低,有研究[17]表明,粪类圆线虫感染者嗜酸性粒细胞正常或降低,提示预后差。综上,药师判断有必要启动抗寄生虫治疗。
针对粪类圆线虫感染治疗上应遵循早期、足量、足程的原则,根据《国家抗微生物治疗指南(第3版)》规定[18],粪类圆线虫病首选伊维菌素(200 μg·kg-1,qd,po,2 d),次选阿苯达唑片(400 mg,bid,po,7 d),治疗应持续应用直至粪类圆线虫检测结果为阴性、临床症状缓解。Henriquez等[19]的研究也表明伊维菌素在治疗粪类圆线虫感染方面更具有效性及安全性。鉴于伊维菌素采购困难和患者病情危急,临床药师结合国家传染病医学中心发布的《食源性寄生虫病诊治专家共识(2023年)》[20]明确阿苯达唑可以抑制线虫对葡萄糖的吸收,导致其无法存活和繁殖,建议予以阿苯达唑片(400 mg,bid,po),延长疗程至14 d,后续患者肺部炎症逐步好转,痰液镜检未见虫体,EO%逐渐恢复正常,证明治疗有效,用足疗程即停药。
粪类圆线虫幼虫在体内移动时,可携带肠道细菌经血行播散,诱发脓毒症、化脓性脑膜炎等严重并发症[21]。该患者肠梗阻术后合并腹腔感染,根据《中国腹腔感染诊治指南(2019年)》[22],继发于消化道穿孔、化脓性阑尾炎或肠梗阻等手术的医院获得性腹腔感染,其大肠杆菌的发病率相对降低,而非发酵革兰阴性菌(铜绿假单胞菌)、不动杆菌属及肠球菌发病率增加,同时耐药性更为严重。该患者肺泡灌洗液mNGS检测出粪类圆线虫,抗感染治疗要在常规覆盖肺部感染的病原菌肺炎链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌、军团菌的同时,又需考虑粪类圆线虫携带肠道阴性菌的血行播散[7],宜选择在肺组织和腹腔均可达到高浓度且敏感药物。患者术后使用的头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠、美罗培南等均可覆盖上述病原菌,且药敏敏感,剂量频次合适,临床药师判断使用合理。而在β-内酰胺酶抑制剂的基础上联合甲硝唑加强抗腹腔感染中脆弱拟杆菌的治疗,临床药师则认为并无获益。《外科常见腹腔感染多学科诊治专家共识(2021年)》及《胆道外科抗菌药物规范化应用专家共识(2019版)》等均推荐单独使用具有较强的抗厌氧菌作用的β-内酰胺酶抑制剂即可[23,24],同时临床中鲜有脆弱拟杆菌对头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠、哌拉西林他唑巴坦及碳青霉烯类耐药的报道,所以药师判断无需联合硝基咪唑类进行专性抗厌氧菌治疗。
术后第3天,医生使用伏立康唑注射液,药师认为不合理。光滑念珠菌为条件致病菌,广泛存在于自然界,在人体皮肤黏膜、消化道寄生,当宿主免疫力功能降低或皮肤黏膜环境受损时,可能引发侵袭性感染。2016年IDSA念珠菌病管理指南中指出,对于呼吸道分泌物培养出的念珠菌通常为定植,很少需要抗真菌治疗(强推荐,中级别证据)[25]。《中国成人念珠菌病诊断与治疗专家共识(2020年版)》[26]指出原发性腹膜炎腹水培养念珠菌阳性患者需积极启动抗真菌治疗。结合本例患者,临床药师考虑其术后的痰培养光滑念珠菌存在定植的可能,且无腹腔真菌感染的指征,属于无适应证用药,建议停药,但医生未采纳意见,使用3 d后自行停药,后续的培养及mNGS也证实并未检出真菌。
术后第9天,患者体温升至38.5 ℃,恶性肿瘤患者术后复杂腹腔感染合并铜绿假单胞菌肺炎,抗感染疗程要达到10~14 d[22,27]。临床药师认为存在抗感染疗程不足或美罗培南使用1剂未达到有效的治疗浓度,是体温反复的重要原因。同时患者痰量增加、肺部病灶增多,肺部感染情况进一步恶化,不排除存在其他未知病原菌感染,建议医生完善检测手段。从后续的mNGS结果可知,患者合并细菌+粪类圆线虫感染的多重因素。查阅相关文献,感染粪类圆线虫的临床表现与粪类圆线虫的条数、感染部位及患者个体差异有关,可能引起咳嗽、哮喘等,但并不一定会引起体温升高[28,29]。临床药师据此调整方案,继续足量足疗程使用美罗培南抗细菌治疗。术后第13天开始加用阿苯达唑片驱虫治疗,患者体温趋于平稳,CRP、PCT逐步下降,肺部病灶减轻,治疗有效。
对于术后第13天,肺泡灌洗液检出的嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌,其为革兰阴性非发酵菌,广泛分布于医院环境中,属于条件致病菌,易导致老年免疫功能低下患者感染[30]。该病原菌天然携带β内酰胺酶,并可通过氨基糖苷修饰酶及外排泵表达等机制对多种常用抗菌药物耐药,其中包括碳青霉烯类[31]。临床药师认为患者当前体征及感染指标较前好转,且药敏结果均对头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠敏感,建议降阶梯为注射用头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠(3 g,q8 h,ivgtt)治疗,医生采纳上述意见。
术后第7天患者出现心律失常及神经系统症状,临床药师建议医生除疾病及手术因素外,也要考虑发生亚胺培南神经系统不良反应(ADRs)的可能,抗感染药物可更换为注射用美罗培南。二者虽然同为碳青霉烯类,但美罗培南与中枢神经系统γ-氨基丁酸受体亲和力较亚胺培南弱,多项安全性比较研究(颅内感染、肺部感染、腹腔感染)表明,美罗培南的癫痫等中枢ADRs发生率都远低于亚胺培南[32-34]。医生采纳意见,在后续的治疗中患者未再发生神经异常。
根据药品说明书,阿苯达唑片不宜与西咪替丁、吡喹酮、地塞米松、利托那韦、卡马西平、苯巴比妥类并用,临床药师首先排除阿苯达唑片与患者当前治疗用药发生相互作用的风险,其次在用药前对患者及家属做用药宣教,告知患者饭后或随餐用水送服,使用期间可能有恶心、呕吐、腹泻、发热、皮疹等症状,停药后一般可自行消失。嘱医生该药可能会导致肝功能损伤,应注意监测肝功能。同时也对患者宣教注意饮食卫生,避免不洁及刺激性饮食,远离潮湿居住环境,警惕粪类圆线虫感染反复,若肺炎复发及时返院就诊。
随着现代生活环境改善,寄生虫感染的病例逐年减少,尤其在非流行地区,体液镜检阳性率低、技术要求高,易漏诊。回顾本例老年多病共存患者,有接触粪类圆线虫的环境条件,但初始粪便寄生虫镜检为阴性,结肠癌术后腹腔感染合并肺部感染加重,多种敏感抗菌药物仍控制不佳的情况下,最终通过mNGS确诊为粪类圆线虫病混合感染。在该案例治疗过程中,临床药师协助医生,根据患者病情、药敏、mNGS结果以及抗菌药物药动学、药效学特性,制定并优化抗感染及抗寄生虫方案,全程监测疗效及不良反应,同时对患者实施用药宣教,提供复杂粪类圆线虫感染患者的个体化药学服务,加强了医药之间的沟通,提高治疗效率,具有一定的借鉴价值。
  • 2022年罗湖区软科学研究计划(LX202202110)
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2025年第35卷第8期
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doi: 10.12048/j.issn.1674-229X.2025.08.012
  • 接收时间:2024-09-29
  • 首发时间:2026-02-11
  • 出版时间:2025-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-29
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2022年罗湖区软科学研究计划(LX202202110)
2023年度引进高层次医学团队立项项目(SZSM202301035)
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    深圳市罗湖区人民医院药学部,广东 深圳 518000

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* 曹伟灵,主任药师,研究方向:医院药学,,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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