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Article(id=1249045448489636242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024381851058248, issueId=1249045444509246013, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11823/j.issn.1674-5795.2025.06.07, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1760371200000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-14, revisedDate=1762704000000, revisedDateStr=2025-11-10, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1775725241058, onlineDateStr=2026-04-09, pubDate=1766851200000, pubDateStr=2025-12-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1775725241058, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1775725241058, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1775725241058, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1249045444509246013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024381851058248, year='2025', volume='45', issue='6', pageStart='10', pageEnd='160', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1775725240111, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1775726845897, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1249052179722609030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024381851058248, issueId=1249045444509246013, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1249052179722609031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024381851058248, issueId=1249045444509246013, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=86, endPage=94, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1249045449194279321, articleId=1249045448489636242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024381851058248, language=EN, title=Calibration device for thermocouple response time constant based on gas temperature step method, columnId=1249045449102004632, journalTitle=Metrology & Measurement Technology, columnName=Sensor Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To address the calibration demand for the response time constant of fast⁃response K⁃type thermocouples under gas medium conditions, a calibration device based on the gas temperature step method was developed. Key para⁃meters including heater power, orifice area, and nozzle flow rate were determined via theoretical calculations, and Ansys Fluent software was utilized for simulation to optimize the structure of the step temperature generation module. A calibration method based on synchronous dynamic pressure monitoring was proposed, which takes the pressure step moment as the reference to eliminate non⁃ideal excitation interference and ensure the calculation accuracy of the response time constant. Experimental tests were conducted using the developed device, and the results indicate that the gas temperature step amplitude generated by the device exceeds 200 ℃ with a temperature step excitation time of approximately 2.2 ms. The device can effectively calibrate the response time constant of K⁃type thermocouples with different wire diameters, demonstrating a significant engineering application value.

, correspAuthors=Yuqi HUANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ran JIN, Yuqi HUANG, Liang ZHU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1249045454038700593, articleId=1249045448489636242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024381851058248, language=CN, title=基于气体温度阶跃法的热电偶响应时间常数校准装置, columnId=1249045449261388186, journalTitle=计测技术, columnName=传感器技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为满足气体介质条件下快响应K型热电偶响应时间常数的校准需求，研制基于气体温度阶跃法的热电偶响应时间常数校准装置。通过理论计算确定加热器功率、节流孔面积、喷嘴流量等关键参数，利用Ansys Fluent软件进行仿真以优化阶跃温度发生模块结构。提出基于动态压力同步监测的校准方法，以压力阶跃时刻为基准，规避非理想激励干扰，确保响应时间常数计算精准。利用基于气体温度阶跃法的热电偶响应时间常数校准装置进行试验，结果表明：该装置产生的气体温度阶跃幅值达到200 ℃以上，温度阶跃激励时间约为2.2 ms，能够有效实现不同偶丝直径的K型热电偶响应时间常数校准，具有重要工程应用价值。

, correspAuthors=黄钰琪, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
黄钰琪
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金冉（1989－），男，高级工程师，博士研究生，主要研究方向为动态校准技术。

黄钰琪（2000－），女，助理工程师，主要研究方向为智能制造。

朱亮（1995－），男，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为数字化设计与仿真。

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朱亮（1995－），男，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为数字化设计与仿真。

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朱亮（1995－），男，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为数字化设计与仿真。

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Metrology Measurement Technology， 2024， 44（5）： 33-38. （in Chinese）, articleTitle=Online calibration method for time constant of fast thermocouple in dynamic temperature testing, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1249046210867302503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024381851058248, articleId=1249045448489636242, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1249046210875691112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024381851058248, articleId=1249045448489636242, companyId=1249046210867302503, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Guizhou Aerospace Institute of Measuring and Testing Technology, Guiyang 550000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1249046210879885417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024381851058248, articleId=1249045448489636242, companyId=1249046210867302503, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, 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figureFileBig=hMSjsTd/E0nTPpKljAam/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249046219331408189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024381851058248, articleId=1249045448489636242, language=CN, label=图14, caption=偶丝直径为0.1 mm的热电偶测试结果, figureFileSmall=ITuLQROANgVk0R9VFv/1XA==, figureFileBig=hMSjsTd/E0nTPpKljAam/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1249046219423682882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024381851058248, articleId=1249045448489636242, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Design calculation parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
A1 / mm2A* / mm2C1C2CRρ1 / (kg / m3)εPa / MPaρ0 / (kg / m3)β
314.2176.70.601 70.9930.684 73.682 60.9470.53.000 20.43
), ArticleFig(id=1249046219532734791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024381851058248, articleId=1249045448489636242, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

设计计算参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
A1 / mm2A* / mm2C1C2CRρ1 / (kg / m3)εPa / MPaρ0 / (kg / m3)β
314.2176.70.601 70.9930.684 73.682 60.9470.53.000 20.43
), ArticleFig(id=1249046219604037961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024381851058248, articleId=1249045448489636242, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Response time constants of different thermocouples

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偶丝直径 / mm介质流速 / （m / s）介质压力 / MPa响应时间常数 / s
0.81990.420.255
0.40.115
0.10.018
), ArticleFig(id=1249046219708895565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1249024381851058248, articleId=1249045448489636242, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同热电偶响应时间常数

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偶丝直径 / mm介质流速 / （m / s）介质压力 / MPa响应时间常数 / s
0.81990.420.255
0.40.115
0.10.018
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基于气体温度阶跃法的热电偶响应时间常数校准装置
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金冉 1 , 黄钰琪 1, 1 , 朱亮 2
计测技术 | 传感器技术 2025,45(6): 86-94
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计测技术 | 传感器技术 2025, 45(6): 86-94
基于气体温度阶跃法的热电偶响应时间常数校准装置
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金冉1, 黄钰琪1, 1, 朱亮2
作者信息
  • 1贵州航天计量测试技术研究所，贵州贵阳550000
  • 2贵州师范大学，贵州贵阳550000

    • 金冉（1989－），男，高级工程师，博士研究生，主要研究方向为动态校准技术。

    黄钰琪（2000－），女，助理工程师，主要研究方向为智能制造。

    朱亮（1995－），男，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为数字化设计与仿真。

通讯作者:

黄钰琪
Calibration device for thermocouple response time constant based on gas temperature step method
Ran JIN1, Yuqi HUANG1, 1, Liang ZHU2
Affiliations
  • 1Guizhou Aerospace Institute of Measuring and Testing Technology, Guiyang 550000, China
  • 2Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang550000, China
出版时间: 2025-12-28 doi: 10.11823/j.issn.1674-5795.2025.06.07
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摘要
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为满足气体介质条件下快响应K型热电偶响应时间常数的校准需求，研制基于气体温度阶跃法的热电偶响应时间常数校准装置。通过理论计算确定加热器功率、节流孔面积、喷嘴流量等关键参数，利用Ansys Fluent软件进行仿真以优化阶跃温度发生模块结构。提出基于动态压力同步监测的校准方法，以压力阶跃时刻为基准，规避非理想激励干扰，确保响应时间常数计算精准。利用基于气体温度阶跃法的热电偶响应时间常数校准装置进行试验，结果表明：该装置产生的气体温度阶跃幅值达到200 ℃以上，温度阶跃激励时间约为2.2 ms，能够有效实现不同偶丝直径的K型热电偶响应时间常数校准，具有重要工程应用价值。

气体温度阶跃法  /  热电偶  /  响应时间常数  /  校准装置  /  阶跃幅值  /  激励时间  /  仿真分析  /  波形测试

To address the calibration demand for the response time constant of fast⁃response K⁃type thermocouples under gas medium conditions, a calibration device based on the gas temperature step method was developed. Key para⁃meters including heater power, orifice area, and nozzle flow rate were determined via theoretical calculations, and Ansys Fluent software was utilized for simulation to optimize the structure of the step temperature generation module. A calibration method based on synchronous dynamic pressure monitoring was proposed, which takes the pressure step moment as the reference to eliminate non⁃ideal excitation interference and ensure the calculation accuracy of the response time constant. Experimental tests were conducted using the developed device, and the results indicate that the gas temperature step amplitude generated by the device exceeds 200 ℃ with a temperature step excitation time of approximately 2.2 ms. The device can effectively calibrate the response time constant of K⁃type thermocouples with different wire diameters, demonstrating a significant engineering application value.

gas temperature step method  /  thermocouple  /  response time constant  /  calibration device  /  step amplitude  /  excitation time  /  simulation analysis  /  waveform test
金冉, 黄钰琪, 朱亮. 基于气体温度阶跃法的热电偶响应时间常数校准装置. 计测技术, 2025 , 45 (6) : 86 -94 . DOI: 10.11823/j.issn.1674-5795.2025.06.07
Ran JIN, Yuqi HUANG, Liang ZHU. Calibration device for thermocouple response time constant based on gas temperature step method[J]. Metrology & Measurement Technology, 2025 , 45 (6) : 86 -94 . DOI: 10.11823/j.issn.1674-5795.2025.06.07
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0　引言
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在工业生产及动力设备运行过程中，常会出现由燃烧或气流冲击引发的温度剧烈瞬变现象，其核心特征为瞬变速度快、持续时间短，这对应用于相关领域的温度传感器动态响应性能及适配性提出了极高要求［1］。在此类严苛的测温场景中，K型热电偶因其测量范围宽、稳定性好、性价比高等优势获得了广泛应用［2］。工程上普遍采用“响应时间常数”作为关键指标，量化评估热电偶的响应速度。响应时间常数主要受热电偶自身热惯性制约，热惯性越大，其跟踪温度变化的速度越慢［3］。在工程模型中，可将热电偶简化为一个一阶惯性系统［4］，并将其输出值从初始状态达到最终温度阶跃量的63.2%所需要的时间，定义为它的响应时间常数［5］。
通常采用动态校准方法获取热电偶的响应时间常数。为确保校准结果能够真实反映热电偶在实际工况下的动态特性，校准时所用介质必须与热电偶的实际测试介质保持一致［6-7］。目前热电偶的动态校准方法主要包括水浴法［8］、油浴法［9］、激光调制法［10-13］、激波管法［14］、热风洞法［15-16］。水浴法和油浴法的原理为：将热电偶在不同温度的液体介质间快速切换以产生阶跃信号，进而计算响应时间常数，但这2种方法仅适用于液体环境下的热电偶响应时间常数校准。激光调制法的原理为：利用高能激光对热电偶结点进行非接触瞬时加热（属于辐射加热方式），具备极高的加热速率，适用于研究材料本身的极限响应，但设备成本较高。激波管法能产生极高速的温升，适用于毫秒乃至微秒级的超快响应测量，是表征冲击流场中测温传感器动态性能的重要手段，但激励波形复杂且设备昂贵。热风洞法能够模拟稳定、均匀且可控的高速气流，通过精密控制气流温度产生高质量的温度阶跃，从而有效评估热电偶在气体介质中的动态特性，但现有热风洞法存在设备庞大、能耗高、准备周期长、温度阶跃速率受限、测试段温度场均匀性易受干扰等不足［17］。
针对气体介质条件下快响应K型热电偶响应时间常数的校准需求，本研究团队设计了基于气体温度阶跃法的热电偶响应时间常数校准装置。通过理论计算与Ansys Fluent仿真分析，优化阶跃温度发生模块设计方案，精准匹配快响应热电偶校准需求。提出动态压力同步校准方法，以高频动态压力传感器监测的压力阶跃时刻为基准，规避传统校准方法存在的时序错位问题，提升响应时间常数计算准确性。利用基于气体温度阶跃法的热电偶响应时间常数校准装置对不同偶丝直径的K型热电偶进行实际测试，验证其应用效果。
1　校准装置设计
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1.1　总体结构
基于气体阶跃法的热电偶响应时间常数校准装置结构如图1所示，该装置主要包括气源、加热器、阶跃温度发生模块、控制系统、数据采集分析系统等部分。大气中的空气由气源模块处理后，形成干燥、洁净的压缩空气。气动球阀1打开后，压力、流量稳定的气流进入加热器，被加热后的气体进入阶跃装置发生模块。当气体温度未达到设置值时，气体从气动球阀2、背压阀、消音器组成的旁路排入大气；当气体温度达到设定值时，气动球阀2关闭，阶跃温度发生装置中的膜片破裂，对被校热电偶形成阶跃温度激励，气体通过消音器后排入大气。控制系统通过读取压力变送器P0、P1输出的压力数据和温度变送器TA、TB输出的温度数据判断实时状态，通过输出温度控制信号对加热器的功率进行控制，并通过输出开关信号对2个气动球阀的通 / 断进行控制。被校热电偶和动态压力传感器对称安装于阶跃温度发生模块上，动态压力传感器用于判断气体阶跃温度上升时间，数据采集分析系统采集被校热电偶和动态压力传感器的输出信号，之后计算得到热电偶的响应时间常数。
1.2　气源及加热器
气源及加热器组成如图2所示。空压机输出的压缩空气由冷干机和油水过滤器进行干燥和清洁。空压机自带储气罐容量较小，无法满足测试用气量要求，故配置高压储气罐，利用增压泵对低压气体进行增压，之后输入高压储气罐。使用手阀对系统供气进行手动控制，气动球阀1打开后，气流经自力式调压阀和节流阀后形成压力、流量稳定的气流。为减小气流的脉动冲击，在自力式调压阀和节流阀中间加装缓冲罐。加热器由发热体和功率控制器组成，采用380 V三相交流电进行供电，功率控制器的输出功率由直流4 ~ 20 mA激励信号进行控制，发热体中心安装热电偶TC，利用功率控制器读取温度信号，并对发热体进行超温保护。
加热器功率WW根据式（1）计算。
W=QmCp(Ta-Tb)1 000η
式中：Qm为流过加热器的质量流量；Cp为气体等压比热容，本研究取Cp = 1 005 J / （kg·K）；Ta、Tb分别为加热器出口、入口处气体温度；ηη为加热效率，本研究取ηη = 0.85。
1.3　阶跃温度发生模块
阶跃温度发生模块结构如图3所示，该模块由高压室、膜片、夹持工装、低压室等部分组成。高压室用于缓存从加热器流出的高速热气流，使高温气体进入低压室前保持压力平稳。高压室侧壁设置有压力变送器安装口，用于监测内部气体压力，端部设置排气口和温度变送器安装口，分别用于预热过程排气和内部气体温度监测。为降低气体消耗量、缩短气体预热时间，在高压室外壁包裹加热板并安装贴片式热电偶，用于监测预热温度。夹持工装与高压室之间安装膜片，膜片上有“十”字刻线，可保证膜片沿刻线均匀裂开。每次校准试验后需更换新膜片，膜片应为同工艺、同批次加工产品，以确保校准激励条件的一致性。低压室与夹持器右侧通过法兰连接，中间安装节流板，使低压室流入与排出气体流量一致，保证低压室内部气流稳定。低压室为锥形，其排气口为文丘里喷嘴，侧壁设置被校热电偶安装口、动态压力传感器安装口和冷气电磁阀接口。高压室和低压室三维效果如图4所示。
膜片破裂后，高压室内的高温气体通过节流板中间的节流孔进入低压室，低压室内的气体再通过文丘里喷嘴流出，通过节流孔的气体质量流量qm1可表示为
qm1=C1εA12(Pa-Pb)ρ11-β4
式中：C1为节流孔的流出系数，ε为气体膨胀系数，A1为气体节流孔面积，Pa为高压室内气体压力，Pb为低压室内气体压力，ρ1为介质的密度，β为面积系数。
通过文丘里喷嘴的气体质量流量qm2可表示为
qm2=C2CRA*Pbρ0
式中：C2为文丘里喷嘴流出系数，CR为实际气体临界流系数，A*为喷嘴喉部横截面面积，ρ0为流体滞止密度。
当低压室内的压力达到平稳值时，qm1与qm2相等，可得
Pb=2Paρ1B2ρ0(1-β4)+2ρ1B2B=C1εA1C2CRA*                       
式（4）中各设计计算参数如表1所示。计算得出文丘里喷嘴喷出气体的流速为199 m / s199 m / s，流量为0.136 kg / s0.136 kg / s，破膜后低压室的平稳压力为0.42 MPa0.42 MPa。取Ta=473 KTa=473 K、Tb=293 KTb=293 K，计算得到加热器输出功率为28.9 kW。
使用Ansys Fluent软件进行仿真分析，仿真模型如图5所示。初始条件设置：高压室入口与内部压力均为0.6 MPa，温度均为493 K；夹持器内部、低压室内部与出口压力均为0.1 MPa，温度均为293 K，计算步长为10 000步 / 秒。使用理想阶跃激励模拟破膜效果，仿真结果显示：2.4 ms时刻低压室内部气流压力与温度同步达到稳定。2.4 ms时刻低压室流速、压力和温度仿真结果如图6所示，稳定后的气体流速为198 ~ 264 m / s，压力为0.388 ~ 0.441 MPa，气流温度为190 ~ 214 ℃，整体仿真结果与计算结果较为接近。
1.4　校准装置工作流程
校准工作开始前，需对气源模块、加热功率进行调节，保证气源模块输出气体质量流量与低压室流出气体质量流量一致，且从加热器流出气体的温度满足要求。校准装置开始工作时，先读取压力变送器P0的数据，确保高压储气罐内压缩空气的量充足，若气量符合要求，则加热板上电，开始对高压室壳体进行加热，同时打开电磁阀通入常温压缩空气，保证被校热电偶所处环境温度稳定。读取高压室外壁贴片热电偶所测温度值，待高压室壳体温度达到设定值后，打开加热器。读取加热器发热体内嵌热电偶TC的输出值，若加热器内温度达到设定值，则打开气动球阀1，经气源模块调节的压缩空气进入加热器，被加热后的气体进入高压室，并从高压室出口端流出。当高压室出口端安装温度变送器的显示值达到设定值时，启动数据采集系统对动态压力传感器和被校热电偶的输出信号进行采集，并关闭电磁阀和气动球阀2，使高压室排气口停止排气，此时高压室压力升高达到膜片的屈服极限，膜片破裂后高温气流快速进入低压室，对被校热电偶形成快速激励。等待3 ~ 5 s后，依次关闭加热器、气动球阀1和气动球阀2的电源，数据采集系统停止信号采集，整个工作流程结束。校准装置工作流程如图7所示。
2　校准方法
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由于热电偶存在热惯性，通常将其响应模型视为一阶系统，其理想阶跃温度激励响应的表达式为
T-T0=(Te-T0)(1-e-t / τ)
式中：T为示值温度，T0为初始温度，Te为阶跃激励温度，t为阶跃响应时间，τ为响应时间常数。
当t=τt=τ时，可得
T-T0=0.632(Te-T0)
高温高压气体流过节流孔所形成气流的温度，与节流孔前后的压差正相关。根据第1.3节所述仿真结果可知：低压室内气流压力与温度几乎同时达到稳定状态，故可用高频动态压力传感器测量低压室气体压力阶跃时间，作为气体温度阶跃激励时间。
对采集的压力数据和温度数据进行归一化处理，并映射到［0，1］，公式为
y=x-xmxn-xm
式中：yy为归一化处理后的数据，xx为原始数据点，xmxm为温度开始上升前数据初始段的平均值，xnxn为温度阶跃上升后数据稳态段的平均值。
热电偶响应时间测量原理如图8所示，动态压力传感器输出信号与被校热电偶输出信号的起始时刻为t0，动态压力传感器输出信号达到阶跃峰值的时刻为t1。在t0 ~ t1阶段，热电偶的响应为非理想阶跃激励响应，故不采用该时间段内热电偶的输出信号进行计算，而是以t1作为温度阶跃激励响应的初始时刻，该时刻对应的映射值为T1。0.632(1-T1)0.632(1-T1)对应的映射值为T2，其对应的时刻为t2，t1与t2的差值即为被校热电偶的响应时间常数。
3　测试试验
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测试前，对校准装置的工作状态进行调节，在设计的膜片安装位置处安装1 mm钢片，调节背压阀，使其前端压力为0.46 MPa；不安装膜片，气动球阀2上电闭合，调节自力式调压阀和节流阀，使高压室压力为0.49 MPa；调节加热器功率，使气流从低压室流出时，高压室气体温度为(210 ± 5) ℃(210 ± 5) ℃。
将谐振频率大于200 kHz的压阻式动态压力变送器、偶丝直径为0.4 mm的K型热电偶安装于低压室，将数据采集仪的采样速率设置为50 kSa / s，对低压室激励气流的阶跃压力上升时间和阶跃温度进行测量。低压室激励气流压力测量波形如图9所示，低压室激励气流温度测量波形如图10所示。分析可知：低压室激励气流压力阶跃上升时间约为2.2 ms；气流阶跃温度可达205 ℃，在不小于0.2 s的时刻，其波动范围不超过3.9%。由气体压力与温度的耦合关系可知：气体阶跃温度激励时间与压力阶跃上升时间一致，约为2.2 ms。
对偶丝直径分别为0.8、0.4、0.1 mm的K型热电偶（如图11所示）进行校准。为减小堵塞效应，本试验所用的K型热电偶均采用裸露式设计，裸露长度大于2 mm。通过更改垫片厚度调整传感器的插入深度，使热结点进入热气体流动区域约为2 mm。
设置相同的激励条件，对被校准热电偶和动态压力传感器的输出信号进行采样，并对数据进行归一化处理。偶丝直径为0.8 mm的热电偶测试结果如图12所示，偶丝直径为0.4 mm的热电偶测试结果如图13所示，偶丝直径为0.1 mm的热电偶测试结果如图14所示，不同热电偶响应时间常数对比如表2所示。综合分析上述测试结果可知：基于气体阶跃温度激励的热电偶响应时间常数校准装置具备对不同规格K型裸露式热电偶进行校准的能力。
4　结论
收起
为了在气体介质条件下校准快响应K型热电偶响应时间常数，研发了一套基于气体温度阶跃法的热电偶响应时间常数校准装置。试验结果显示：该装置产生的气体温度阶跃幅值达到200 ℃以上，温度阶跃激励时间约为2.2 ms。利用该装置对偶丝直径分别为0.1、0.4、0.8 mm的K型热电偶进行测试，所得响应时间常数分别为0.018、0.115、0.255 s，表明该装置具备对不同规格K型热电偶进行校准的能力。未来，项目团队将开展低压室优化设计，缩短气体阶跃温度的上升时间，进一步提升该装置的校准性能。
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2025年第45卷第6期
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doi: 10.11823/j.issn.1674-5795.2025.06.07
  • 接收时间：2025-10-14
  • 首发时间：2026-04-09
  • 出版时间：2025-12-28
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  • 收稿日期：2025-10-14
  • 修回日期：2025-11-10
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    1贵州航天计量测试技术研究所，贵州贵阳550000
    2贵州师范大学，贵州贵阳550000

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黄钰琪
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