Article(id=1246845541808755479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1246845538742719188, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2019.12.005, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1540742400000, receivedDateStr=2018-10-29, revisedDate=1557072000000, revisedDateStr=2019-05-06, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1775200742437, onlineDateStr=2026-04-03, pubDate=1577203200000, pubDateStr=2019-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1775200742437, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1775200742437, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1775200742437, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1246845538742719188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2019', volume='41', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='176', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1775200741706, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1775200890782, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1246846164105060671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1246845538742719188, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1246846164105060672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1246845538742719188, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=51, endPage=61, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1246845543335482149, articleId=1246845541808755479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=The geochemical characteristics of rare earth elements rich deep sea deposit of Core GC11 in central Indian Ocean Basin, columnId=1243867132006613042, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Marine Geology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Measurement of major elements, trace elements and rare earth elements (REY) for sediment Core GC11 collected in the central Indian Ocean Basin were performed. Based on the analysis of interelemental correlation, REY enrichment and post-Archean Australian Shale (PAAS) normalization style, the factors impacting the REY enrichment are discussed. The study suggests that: the total amount of REY varies from 400.64×10−6 to 742.74×10−6, with an average of 658.41×10−6, which is slightly lower than that of Core GC02, however, is equivalent to that of the zeolite-bearing rich deep-sea deposit in the Core DSDP213 . The sediment exhibits distinct negative abnormal δCe and lower (La/Yb)N为0.42, with obvious positive correlation between REY and P2O5. The average value of CaO/P2O5 ratio is 2.3, demonstrating that the bio-apatite may be the main host mineral of REY. Although there is positive correlation between REY and Fe and Mn, hydroxyl hydrate of Fe and Mn have low impact to the enrichment of REY for the distinct negative abnormal δCe. The mixture with the terregeneous materials maybe the main cause inducing the differences of REY enrichment degree, δCe and PAAS normalization style.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Haiyang Xuebao, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xiaoyu Zhang, Mu Huang, Xuefa Shi, Dasong Huang), CN=ArticleExt(id=1246845548301537344, articleId=1246845541808755479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=中印度洋洋盆GC11岩心富稀土深海沉积的元素地球化学特征, columnId=1243867133143269435, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=海洋地质, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

对中印度洋洋盆的沉积GC11岩心开展了主量元素、微量元素和稀土元素分析研究,根据主微量元素相关性特征、稀土元素富集程度以及澳大利亚后太古代平均页岩归一化模式特征,初步探讨了GC11岩心的沉积地球化学特征,以及影响稀土元素富集的可能因素。研究表明,GC11岩心稀土元素总量在400.64×10−6~742.74×10−6,平均值为658.41×10−6,略低于邻近海域的GC02岩心,与沃顿海盆DSDP213岩心中含沸石型深海粘土层位中的稀土元素含量相当。δCe负异常明显,(La/Yb)N为0.42,显示重稀土相对富集的特点。稀土元素与P2O5呈显著正相关性,CaO/P2O5的平均值为2.3,表明生物钙磷灰石可能是稀土元素的主要载体矿物,而铁锰水合物可能对富集稀土元素有一定的促进作用,但影响不大;GC11岩心中δCe负异常程度远低于GC02岩心,略低于DSDP213岩心,中稀土富集特征与GC02和DSDP213岩心基本一致。不同程度陆源物质的混入可能是导致以上不同岩心中稀土元素富集程度和分馏特征的主要原因。

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张霄宇(1972—),女,浙江省平湖市人,主要从事海洋资源与环境研究。E-mail:

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张霄宇(1972—),女,浙江省平湖市人,主要从事海洋资源与环境研究。E-mail:

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张霄宇(1972—),女,浙江省平湖市人,主要从事海洋资源与环境研究。E-mail:

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language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Schematic diagram of the sampling point position of the Core GC11, figureFileSmall=oWM4nHR29XZFKQ8+FFT+BA==, figureFileBig=WwD39oYgL/aFJWEfJv9O0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1254506338948682651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246845541808755479, language=CN, label=图1, caption=GC11岩心的采样点位置, figureFileSmall=oWM4nHR29XZFKQ8+FFT+BA==, figureFileBig=WwD39oYgL/aFJWEfJv9O0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1254506339141620638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246845541808755479, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Vertical distribution characteristics of main elements in the Core GC11, figureFileSmall=rDy/nswa3rGwLkuoY3+A8Q==, figureFileBig=XwkLwKkO7aXbW3IXeoqnxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1254506339305198498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246845541808755479, language=CN, label=图2, caption=GC11岩心主量元素垂直分布特征, figureFileSmall=rDy/nswa3rGwLkuoY3+A8Q==, figureFileBig=XwkLwKkO7aXbW3IXeoqnxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1254506339514913702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246845541808755479, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Vertical distribution characteristics of trace elements and rare earth elements in the Core GC11, figureFileSmall=DX78QuBeyuWxnH4c9jcuIA==, figureFileBig=Q6gHenis0XPfcvKUrMjeUQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1254506339825292203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246845541808755479, language=CN, label=图3, caption=GC11岩心部分微量元素和稀土元素垂直分布特征, figureFileSmall=DX78QuBeyuWxnH4c9jcuIA==, figureFileBig=Q6gHenis0XPfcvKUrMjeUQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1254506340110504879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246845541808755479, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=The average enrichment factors of trace elements in the Core GC11

H2:15 cm below seafloor; H5: 55 cm below seafloor

, figureFileSmall=geVV36IlMpCfZbnIDSxiiw==, figureFileBig=effBMhVTXZJDgVXY3JRdCw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1254506340253111216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246845541808755479, language=CN, label=图4, caption=GC11岩心微量元素平均富集系数

H2层位孔深为15 cm;H5层位孔深为55 cm

, figureFileSmall=geVV36IlMpCfZbnIDSxiiw==, figureFileBig=effBMhVTXZJDgVXY3JRdCw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1254506340416689075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246845541808755479, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Average enrichment factor and comparison of rare earth elements in GC11, DSDP213 and GC02 cores

H2:15 cm below seafloor; H5: 55 cm below seafloor

, figureFileSmall=zwH5z+Aty0D8fXu60OQNQw==, figureFileBig=r1OMTm4gC+8I3Z8rOaJUog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1254506340559295414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246845541808755479, language=CN, label=图5, caption=GC11、DSDP213和GC02岩心稀土元素平均富集系数及比较

GC11岩心H2层位孔深为15 cm;H5层位孔深为55 cm

, figureFileSmall=zwH5z+Aty0D8fXu60OQNQw==, figureFileBig=r1OMTm4gC+8I3Z8rOaJUog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1254506342237017018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246845541808755479, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Sample vs. post-Archean Australian Shale (PAAS) normalized partitioning pattern of rare earth elements and comparison with other regions of rare earth-rich deep sea clay

GC11 does not include H2 and H5 horizons; GC02 is located in the central Indian Ocean Basin;DSDP213 is located in the Wharton Basin of the east Indian Ocean;the above data are average values of sedimentary cores, see references [5, 12]

, figureFileSmall=DH01kWwMt+wrozkVSjUQyA==, figureFileBig=Y+6w4ItonJXvjZvoIAbLRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1254506342480286655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246845541808755479, language=CN, label=图6, caption=样品稀土元素相对澳大利亚后太古代平均页岩(PAAS)归一化配分模式及与其他区域富稀土深海黏土的比较

GC11不包括H2和H5层位;GC02位于中印度洋洋盆;DSDP213位于东印度洋沃顿海盆;以上数据均为沉积岩心的平均值, 见参考文献[5, 12]

, figureFileSmall=DH01kWwMt+wrozkVSjUQyA==, figureFileBig=Y+6w4ItonJXvjZvoIAbLRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1254506342681613249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246845541808755479, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Scatter plot of the main element and ∑REY (Core GC11 excludes H2 and H5 horizons), figureFileSmall=xzQHZvU3T7QEbiN+eCiobg==, figureFileBig=8vbXDXPIa+5EO2y0i+j2UA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1254506343033934788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246845541808755479, language=CN, label=图7, caption=主量元素与∑REY的散点图(GC11岩心不包括H2和H5层位), figureFileSmall=xzQHZvU3T7QEbiN+eCiobg==, figureFileBig=8vbXDXPIa+5EO2y0i+j2UA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1254506343168152520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246845541808755479, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Comparison of CaO/P2O5 ratios in rare earth-rich deep sea sediments from different sediment cores in the Indian Ocean, figureFileSmall=P61mhK9WeYppCm5JJQRVFw==, figureFileBig=TmaMsSIkLbC8Vamt/VV16Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1254506343348507596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246845541808755479, language=CN, label=图8, caption=印度洋不同沉积物岩心富稀土深海沉积中CaO/P2O5比值比较, figureFileSmall=P61mhK9WeYppCm5JJQRVFw==, figureFileBig=TmaMsSIkLbC8Vamt/VV16Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1254506343633720272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246845541808755479, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Scatter plot of TiO2, Alex and ∑REY (excludes H2 and H5 horizons; calculation method for excess elements refer to referenc[16]), figureFileSmall=fYqey2dVtrUQmmhoaxoepA==, figureFileBig=SvIt2wdPXR9niCKOSk0b3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1254506343889572820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246845541808755479, language=CN, label=图9, caption=TiO2、过剩铝(Alex)与∑REY的散点图(不包括H2和H5层位;过剩元素的计算方法参考文献[16]), figureFileSmall=fYqey2dVtrUQmmhoaxoepA==, figureFileBig=SvIt2wdPXR9niCKOSk0b3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1254506344090899415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246845541808755479, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=Y/Ho-REE scatter plot in GC11 core and comparison with GC02 and DSDP213 cores, figureFileSmall=yCL7SwKiccE41sKNSLqWiw==, figureFileBig=Bps6ClNSQVZrHTuL3/+obQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1254506344254477275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246845541808755479, language=CN, label=图10, caption=GC11岩心中Y/Ho-REE散点图及与GC02、DSDP213岩心的比较, figureFileSmall=yCL7SwKiccE41sKNSLqWiw==, figureFileBig=Bps6ClNSQVZrHTuL3/+obQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1254506344367723487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246845541808755479, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

The results of smear identification of sediments in Core GC11

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 岩心深度/cm 镜下图片 放大倍数 描述 定名
01 1~2 10×10 镜下见大量生物碎片,主要为放射虫,以及少量球状硅藻,同时可见大量的鱼牙骨和长条状沸石,几乎未见有孔虫等钙质生物,硅质生物占了视域的50%~60% 黏土质放射虫软泥
02 14~15 10×5 镜下见大量生物碎片,主要为有孔虫壳体,同时见有放射虫碎体,亦见少量硅藻,鱼牙骨及沸石,有孔虫壳较为完整,钙质生物占视域的15%~25%, 硅质生物占视域的10%~15% 含硅质和钙质黏土
03 24~25 10×10 镜下见大量的生物碎片,主要为放射虫壳体及鱼牙骨屑,偶见有孔虫碎体,硅质生物占视域的50%以上 放射虫软泥
04 54~55 10×20 镜下可见大量鱼牙骨及沸石颗粒,少量的放射虫壳体(约5%),钙质生物几乎难以见到 沸石黏土
05 80~81 10×20 镜下可见大量鱼牙骨及沸石颗粒,少量放射虫(不大于5%),钙质生物难以见到 沸石黏土
06 119~120 10×50 镜下可见较多的沸石颗粒,鱼牙骨难以见到,偶见少量放射虫(不大于5%),钙质生物难以见到 沸石黏土
07 159~160 10×20 镜下可见较多的沸石颗粒,鱼牙骨难以见到,偶见少量放射虫(不大于5%),钙质生物难以见到 沸石黏土
08 199~200 10×10 镜下多见沸石颗粒,可见有少量的鱼牙骨,硅质生物及钙质生物几乎不可见 沸石黏土
), ArticleFig(id=1254506344459998177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246845541808755479, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

GC11岩心沉积物涂片鉴定结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 岩心深度/cm 镜下图片 放大倍数 描述 定名
01 1~2 10×10 镜下见大量生物碎片,主要为放射虫,以及少量球状硅藻,同时可见大量的鱼牙骨和长条状沸石,几乎未见有孔虫等钙质生物,硅质生物占了视域的50%~60% 黏土质放射虫软泥
02 14~15 10×5 镜下见大量生物碎片,主要为有孔虫壳体,同时见有放射虫碎体,亦见少量硅藻,鱼牙骨及沸石,有孔虫壳较为完整,钙质生物占视域的15%~25%, 硅质生物占视域的10%~15% 含硅质和钙质黏土
03 24~25 10×10 镜下见大量的生物碎片,主要为放射虫壳体及鱼牙骨屑,偶见有孔虫碎体,硅质生物占视域的50%以上 放射虫软泥
04 54~55 10×20 镜下可见大量鱼牙骨及沸石颗粒,少量的放射虫壳体(约5%),钙质生物几乎难以见到 沸石黏土
05 80~81 10×20 镜下可见大量鱼牙骨及沸石颗粒,少量放射虫(不大于5%),钙质生物难以见到 沸石黏土
06 119~120 10×50 镜下可见较多的沸石颗粒,鱼牙骨难以见到,偶见少量放射虫(不大于5%),钙质生物难以见到 沸石黏土
07 159~160 10×20 镜下可见较多的沸石颗粒,鱼牙骨难以见到,偶见少量放射虫(不大于5%),钙质生物难以见到 沸石黏土
08 199~200 10×10 镜下多见沸石颗粒,可见有少量的鱼牙骨,硅质生物及钙质生物几乎不可见 沸石黏土
), ArticleFig(id=1254506344610993124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246845541808755479, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Rare earth element content of the post-Athena average shale in Australia[10]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素 La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Y
含量/10–6 38.2 79.6 8.83 33.9 5.55 1.08 4.66 0.774 4.68 0.991 2.85 0.405 2.82 0.433 27
), ArticleFig(id=1254506344707462119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246845541808755479, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

澳大利亚后太古代平均页岩的稀土元素含量[10]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素 La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Y
含量/10–6 38.2 79.6 8.83 33.9 5.55 1.08 4.66 0.774 4.68 0.991 2.85 0.405 2.82 0.433 27
), ArticleFig(id=1254506344879428587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246845541808755479, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Characteristic values of main elements (wt%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Al2O3 CaO TFe2O3 K2O MgO MnO Na2O P2O5 SiO2 TiO2 LOI
平均值 16.40 1.32 8.90 2.53 3.06 2.53 3.31 0.56 49.60 0.71 10.48
最大值 16.95 1.40 9.20 2.80 3.22 2.63 4.02 0.60 50.78 0.75 11.27
最小值 15.42 1.24 8.52 2.39 2.80 2.37 2.46 0.51 48.91 0.66 9.72
标准差 0.42 0.03 0.20 0.14 0.12 0.08 0.35 0.03 0.43 0.03 0.37
H2 12.32 1.04 5.95 2.52 2.25 1.58 5.51 0.30 56.26 0.46 11.37
H5 13.57 1.09 6.16 2.97 2.02 1.62 4.04 0.32 58.04 0.47 9.55
), ArticleFig(id=1254506345030423536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246845541808755479, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

主量元素特征值(wt%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Al2O3 CaO TFe2O3 K2O MgO MnO Na2O P2O5 SiO2 TiO2 LOI
平均值 16.40 1.32 8.90 2.53 3.06 2.53 3.31 0.56 49.60 0.71 10.48
最大值 16.95 1.40 9.20 2.80 3.22 2.63 4.02 0.60 50.78 0.75 11.27
最小值 15.42 1.24 8.52 2.39 2.80 2.37 2.46 0.51 48.91 0.66 9.72
标准差 0.42 0.03 0.20 0.14 0.12 0.08 0.35 0.03 0.43 0.03 0.37
H2 12.32 1.04 5.95 2.52 2.25 1.58 5.51 0.30 56.26 0.46 11.37
H5 13.57 1.09 6.16 2.97 2.02 1.62 4.04 0.32 58.04 0.47 9.55
), ArticleFig(id=1254506346385183732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246845541808755479, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Contents of trace elements and rare earth elements in the Core GC11 (10-6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Ba Co Cr Cs Cu Ga Hf In Li Mo Nb Ni
平均值 1 631 205.67 41.06 5.16 441.72 24.09 5.01 0.14 59.54 57.01 13.12 516.67
最大值 2 250 224.00 51.00 5.49 474.00 25.50 5.40 0.16 71.20 68.20 14.30 556.00
最小值 1 200 182.50 38.00 4.77 386.00 22.20 4.50 0.13 51.20 33.00 11.80 467.00
标准差 267 9.15 2.69 0.19 22.77 0.94 0.23 0.01 5.67 7.76 0.64 24.14
H2 1 480 136.50 27.00 4.39 286.00 16.70 3.50 0.10 38.60 20.40 9.90 342.00
H5 1 205 136.50 27.00 5.50 293.00 18.70 4.20 0.11 42.90 20.60 11.40 323.00
Pb Rb Sc Sr Ta Th U V W Zn Zr
平均值 80.39 83.04 25.89 202.78 0.92 19.81 2.27 125.61 9.19 146.39 194.39
最大值 89.30 90.60 27.90 215.00 1.09 22.30 2.46 133.00 10.10 152.00 211.00
最小值 72.70 78.60 23.40 190.00 0.77 17.70 1.98 115.00 8.20 137.00 177.00
标准差 4.56 3.09 1.35 7.09 0.10 1.52 0.14 4.97 0.60 4.82 9.25
H2 65.80 83.30 19.20 162.00 0.79 17.75 2.03 84.00 9.10 112.00 129.00
H5 69.10 107.50 18.50 159.50 0.94 21.70 2.58 82.00 9.00 106.00 145.00
), ArticleFig(id=1254506346590704632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246845541808755479, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

GC11岩心微量元素和稀土元素含量(10-6

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Ba Co Cr Cs Cu Ga Hf In Li Mo Nb Ni
平均值 1 631 205.67 41.06 5.16 441.72 24.09 5.01 0.14 59.54 57.01 13.12 516.67
最大值 2 250 224.00 51.00 5.49 474.00 25.50 5.40 0.16 71.20 68.20 14.30 556.00
最小值 1 200 182.50 38.00 4.77 386.00 22.20 4.50 0.13 51.20 33.00 11.80 467.00
标准差 267 9.15 2.69 0.19 22.77 0.94 0.23 0.01 5.67 7.76 0.64 24.14
H2 1 480 136.50 27.00 4.39 286.00 16.70 3.50 0.10 38.60 20.40 9.90 342.00
H5 1 205 136.50 27.00 5.50 293.00 18.70 4.20 0.11 42.90 20.60 11.40 323.00
Pb Rb Sc Sr Ta Th U V W Zn Zr
平均值 80.39 83.04 25.89 202.78 0.92 19.81 2.27 125.61 9.19 146.39 194.39
最大值 89.30 90.60 27.90 215.00 1.09 22.30 2.46 133.00 10.10 152.00 211.00
最小值 72.70 78.60 23.40 190.00 0.77 17.70 1.98 115.00 8.20 137.00 177.00
标准差 4.56 3.09 1.35 7.09 0.10 1.52 0.14 4.97 0.60 4.82 9.25
H2 65.80 83.30 19.20 162.00 0.79 17.75 2.03 84.00 9.10 112.00 129.00
H5 69.10 107.50 18.50 159.50 0.94 21.70 2.58 82.00 9.00 106.00 145.00
), ArticleFig(id=1254506346750088188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246845541808755479, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Rare earth elements characteristic values (post-Archean Australian Shale (PAAS) normalized, PAAS data refer to reference[10])

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
层位/cm ∑REY/10 – 6 δCe δEu (La/Gd)N (La/Yb)N LREE/MREE LREE/HREE MREE/HREE
H1 0~10 735.56 0.87 1.08 0.40 0.53 4.25 13.07 3.07
H2 10~20 400.64 1.06 1.04 0.41 0.58 4.85 15.64 3.23
H3 20~30 679.22 0.89 1.07 0.39 0.52 4.33 13.24 3.06
H4 30~40 711.97 0.88 1.10 0.43 0.56 4.44 13.77 3.10
H5 40~50 457.12 1.06 1.02 0.43 0.58 4.92 15.31 3.11
H6 50~60 647.70 0.88 1.07 0.40 0.55 4.36 13.65 3.13
H7 60~70 636.13 0.91 1.08 0.40 0.56 4.45 14.23 3.20
H8 70~80 619.32 0.93 1.11 0.40 0.59 4.45 14.57 3.27
H9 80~90 707.86 0.85 1.08 0.41 0.54 4.25 13.16 3.09
H10 90~100 680.30 0.89 1.06 0.41 0.55 4.37 13.62 3.12
H11 100~110 682.17 0.83 1.07 0.39 0.51 4.12 12.70 3.09
H12 110~120 742.74 0.84 1.08 0.40 0.57 4.24 13.75 3.24
H13 120~130 651.93 0.89 1.08 0.38 0.51 4.20 12.97 3.09
H14 130~140 738.42 0.84 1.12 0.40 0.55 4.26 13.48 3.16
H15 140~150 635.25 0.88 1.10 0.40 0.52 4.36 13.29 3.04
H16 150~160 705.34 0.80 1.07 0.39 0.53 4.14 12.96 3.13
H17 160~170 691.36 0.85 1.11 0.41 0.56 4.26 13.46 3.16
H18 170~180 692.79 0.86 1.10 0.42 0.58 4.44 14.05 3.16
H19 180~190 707.43 0.85 1.13 0.42 0.58 4.38 13.92 3.18
H20 190~200 644.98 0.85 1.07 0.39 0.53 4.18 13.13 3.14
Min / 400.64 0.80 1.02 0.38 0.51 4.12 12.70 3.04
Max / 742.74 1.06 1.13 0.43 0.59 4.92 15.64 3.27
Ave / 658.41 0.89 1.08 0.40 0.55 4.36 13.70 3.14
GC02 / 1072.17 0.56 1.13 0.42 0.63 3.72 12.02 3.24
DSDP213 / 628.22 0.81 1.08 0.41 0.49 4.21 11.60 2.77
), ArticleFig(id=1254506346972386304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246845541808755479, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

稀土元素特征值(澳大利亚后太古代平均页岩(PAAS)归一化,PAAS数据参考文献[10])

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
层位/cm ∑REY/10 – 6 δCe δEu (La/Gd)N (La/Yb)N LREE/MREE LREE/HREE MREE/HREE
H1 0~10 735.56 0.87 1.08 0.40 0.53 4.25 13.07 3.07
H2 10~20 400.64 1.06 1.04 0.41 0.58 4.85 15.64 3.23
H3 20~30 679.22 0.89 1.07 0.39 0.52 4.33 13.24 3.06
H4 30~40 711.97 0.88 1.10 0.43 0.56 4.44 13.77 3.10
H5 40~50 457.12 1.06 1.02 0.43 0.58 4.92 15.31 3.11
H6 50~60 647.70 0.88 1.07 0.40 0.55 4.36 13.65 3.13
H7 60~70 636.13 0.91 1.08 0.40 0.56 4.45 14.23 3.20
H8 70~80 619.32 0.93 1.11 0.40 0.59 4.45 14.57 3.27
H9 80~90 707.86 0.85 1.08 0.41 0.54 4.25 13.16 3.09
H10 90~100 680.30 0.89 1.06 0.41 0.55 4.37 13.62 3.12
H11 100~110 682.17 0.83 1.07 0.39 0.51 4.12 12.70 3.09
H12 110~120 742.74 0.84 1.08 0.40 0.57 4.24 13.75 3.24
H13 120~130 651.93 0.89 1.08 0.38 0.51 4.20 12.97 3.09
H14 130~140 738.42 0.84 1.12 0.40 0.55 4.26 13.48 3.16
H15 140~150 635.25 0.88 1.10 0.40 0.52 4.36 13.29 3.04
H16 150~160 705.34 0.80 1.07 0.39 0.53 4.14 12.96 3.13
H17 160~170 691.36 0.85 1.11 0.41 0.56 4.26 13.46 3.16
H18 170~180 692.79 0.86 1.10 0.42 0.58 4.44 14.05 3.16
H19 180~190 707.43 0.85 1.13 0.42 0.58 4.38 13.92 3.18
H20 190~200 644.98 0.85 1.07 0.39 0.53 4.18 13.13 3.14
Min / 400.64 0.80 1.02 0.38 0.51 4.12 12.70 3.04
Max / 742.74 1.06 1.13 0.43 0.59 4.92 15.64 3.27
Ave / 658.41 0.89 1.08 0.40 0.55 4.36 13.70 3.14
GC02 / 1072.17 0.56 1.13 0.42 0.63 3.72 12.02 3.24
DSDP213 / 628.22 0.81 1.08 0.41 0.49 4.21 11.60 2.77
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中印度洋洋盆GC11岩心富稀土深海沉积的元素地球化学特征
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张霄宇 1, 2 , 黄牧 3, 4 , 石学法 3, 4 , 黄大松 1
海洋学报 | 海洋地质 2019,41(12): 51-61
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海洋学报 | 海洋地质 2019, 41(12): 51-61
中印度洋洋盆GC11岩心富稀土深海沉积的元素地球化学特征
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张霄宇1, 2 , 黄牧3, 4, 石学法3, 4, 黄大松1
作者信息
  • 1 浙江大学 地球科学学院,浙江 杭州 310027
  • 2 浙江大学 海洋研究院,浙江 舟山 316021
  • 3 自然资源部第一海洋研究所,海洋沉积与环境地质重点实验室,山东 青岛 266061
  • 4 青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室 海洋地质过程与环境功能实验室,山东 青岛 266237
  • 张霄宇(1972—),女,浙江省平湖市人,主要从事海洋资源与环境研究。E-mail:

The geochemical characteristics of rare earth elements rich deep sea deposit of Core GC11 in central Indian Ocean Basin
Xiaoyu Zhang1, 2 , Mu Huang3, 4, Xuefa Shi3, 4, Dasong Huang1
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
  • 2 Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China
  • 3 Key Laboratory of Marine Sedimentary and Environmental Geology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
  • 4 Laboratory for Marine Geology and Environment, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
出版时间: 2019-12-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2019.12.005
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对中印度洋洋盆的沉积GC11岩心开展了主量元素、微量元素和稀土元素分析研究,根据主微量元素相关性特征、稀土元素富集程度以及澳大利亚后太古代平均页岩归一化模式特征,初步探讨了GC11岩心的沉积地球化学特征,以及影响稀土元素富集的可能因素。研究表明,GC11岩心稀土元素总量在400.64×10−6~742.74×10−6,平均值为658.41×10−6,略低于邻近海域的GC02岩心,与沃顿海盆DSDP213岩心中含沸石型深海粘土层位中的稀土元素含量相当。δCe负异常明显,(La/Yb)N为0.42,显示重稀土相对富集的特点。稀土元素与P2O5呈显著正相关性,CaO/P2O5的平均值为2.3,表明生物钙磷灰石可能是稀土元素的主要载体矿物,而铁锰水合物可能对富集稀土元素有一定的促进作用,但影响不大;GC11岩心中δCe负异常程度远低于GC02岩心,略低于DSDP213岩心,中稀土富集特征与GC02和DSDP213岩心基本一致。不同程度陆源物质的混入可能是导致以上不同岩心中稀土元素富集程度和分馏特征的主要原因。

富稀土深海沉积  /  稀土元素地球化学  /  物质来源  /  中印度洋洋盆  /  GC11岩心

Measurement of major elements, trace elements and rare earth elements (REY) for sediment Core GC11 collected in the central Indian Ocean Basin were performed. Based on the analysis of interelemental correlation, REY enrichment and post-Archean Australian Shale (PAAS) normalization style, the factors impacting the REY enrichment are discussed. The study suggests that: the total amount of REY varies from 400.64×10−6 to 742.74×10−6, with an average of 658.41×10−6, which is slightly lower than that of Core GC02, however, is equivalent to that of the zeolite-bearing rich deep-sea deposit in the Core DSDP213 . The sediment exhibits distinct negative abnormal δCe and lower (La/Yb)N为0.42, with obvious positive correlation between REY and P2O5. The average value of CaO/P2O5 ratio is 2.3, demonstrating that the bio-apatite may be the main host mineral of REY. Although there is positive correlation between REY and Fe and Mn, hydroxyl hydrate of Fe and Mn have low impact to the enrichment of REY for the distinct negative abnormal δCe. The mixture with the terregeneous materials maybe the main cause inducing the differences of REY enrichment degree, δCe and PAAS normalization style.

REY rich deep sea deposit  /  REY geochemical characteristics  /  material sources  /  central India Ocean Basin  /  Core GC11
张霄宇, 黄牧, 石学法, 黄大松. 中印度洋洋盆GC11岩心富稀土深海沉积的元素地球化学特征. 海洋学报, 2019 , 41 (12) : 51 -61 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2019.12.005
Xiaoyu Zhang, Mu Huang, Xuefa Shi, Dasong Huang. The geochemical characteristics of rare earth elements rich deep sea deposit of Core GC11 in central Indian Ocean Basin[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2019 , 41 (12) : 51 -61 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2019.12.005
早在20世纪中期,Piper[1]就曾指出太平洋的深海黏土中富集相当数量的稀土元素,并指出含沸石型深海黏土对深海系统中稀土元素的通量平衡具有重要作用。近年来关于深海黏土中稀土元素的研究焦点更多地集中在稀土元素的赋存矿物和形态、物质来源等基础问题。2011年Kato等[2]对太平洋78个柱样沉积物的2 037个样品进行了稀土元素化学分析,认为在南太平洋东部和北太平洋中部的软泥中富含有大量稀土元素和金属钇(REY),甚至推测在REY含量最高的一个站位周围1 km2范围内富集的稀土元素资源可提供世界稀土元素1/5的需求量,指出了含沸石型富稀土深海黏土的潜在资源价值。我国是较早关注深海黏土中稀土元素富集现象的国家,在中国大洋协会“国际海底区域研究开发‘十一五’和‘十二五’项目”等系列项目的支持下,分别在印度洋中央洋盆、东太平洋CC区的中国多金属结核矿区和太平洋中部海域发现了富含稀土的深海沉积物,以钙十字沸石和稀土元素的紧密共生为最大特点而明显区别于多金属软泥[3-4]。但是目前有关印度洋富稀土深海沉积的相关研究相对较少。有鉴于此,本文以大洋30航次(DY-30)第5航段在中印度洋洋盆采集到的一根长2 m的沉积GC11岩心为研究对象,从沉积物剖面上主量元素、微量元素以及稀土元素的地球化学特征入手,研究了中印度洋洋盆深海黏土中稀土元素富集的地球化学特征,并与邻近海域的GC02岩心以及沃顿海盆的DSDP213站位的富稀土层位进行了稀土元素地球化学特征的比较,初步探讨了深海黏土中稀土元素的可能物质来源、富集机制以及影响因素。
中印度洋洋盆东以90°E海岭为界,西与中印度洋中脊和查戈斯–拉卡代夫海岭相交,北至印度和斯里兰卡,南临东南印度洋中脊北部(图1)。在此区域内,分布着一系列北东–南西向到南北向的断裂带,如73°E断裂带、76°30'E断裂带、79°E断裂带、83°E断裂带和86°E断裂带等[5]。测深数据显示中印度洋洋盆分布着大量的孤立海山和互相平行或平行于断裂带的海山,其特征与太平洋非热点火山很相似[6]。尽管目前对中印度洋洋盆的板内火山和热液活动的了解不够深入,但有足够的证据表明板内火山和热液活动的存在[7]。根据Nath等[8]的研究,在中印度洋洋盆北部主要受到陆源碎屑沉积的控制,这些陆源碎屑主要为来自印度次大陆的河流沉积物;在约5°~15°S,主要是硅质软泥的分布区,这里水深普遍超过5 000 m,远离大陆,因此钙质沉积和陆源碎屑的影响较小。在硅质软泥分布区的南部,则是中印度洋洋盆铁锰结核的主要产区。在靠近洋中脊和海岭的区域,水深相对较浅,广泛分布了钙质沉积物。而在15°S以南,由于远离大陆,受陆源物质的影响较小;同时,海洋初级生产力水平与赤道区域相比较低,该区域主要分布的沉积物类型为深海黏土。
大洋30航次第5航段于2015年从中印度洋洋盆19.54°S,80.49°E、水深5 106 m处,通过重力取样器获得一根200 cm的沉积GC11岩心,具体位置见图1。岩心整体质地均匀,呈红褐色。对岩心进行自上而下按照10 cm间隔取样,共分割出20个样品,编号依次为H1~H20。每个分割样取5 g左右,先用去离子水进行洗盐操作,并于40℃的温度下烘干。然后用玛瑙杵仔细研磨至200目以下,以备烧失量、主量元素、微量元素和稀土元素的测定。
沉积物涂片鉴定参照“大洋多金属结核矿产勘查规程”(GB/T 17229–1998)以及翟世奎[9]的定名原则对GC11岩心沉积物进行涂片鉴定,结果见表1。样品研磨至200目后在1 000℃条件下加热6 h,然后称量加热前后样品质量上的变化获得烧失量(LOI)。主量元素的测定使用X荧光光谱法(XRF),微量元素的测定使用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES),稀土元素的测定使用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)。
本次研究采用的稀土元素特征参数的计算方法统一规定如下:
稀土元素和金属钇的总含量∑REY=∑(REE, Y);轻稀土元素含量LREE=∑(La, Ce, Pr, Nd);中稀土元素含量MREE=∑(Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho),由于Pm在自然界中含量过低,难以检测,本文所有的计算都未统计Pm;重稀土含量HREE=∑(Er, Tm, Yb, Lu);
${\text{轻重稀土比值}}{\left( {{{La/Yb}}} \right)_{{N}}} = \frac{{{{L}}{{{a}}_{{N}}}}}{{{{Y}}{{{b}}_{{N}}}}},$
${\text{轻中稀土比值}}{\left( {{{La/Sm}}} \right)_{{N}}} = \frac{{{{L}}{{{a}}_{{N}}}}}{{{{S}}{m_{{N}}}}},$
${\text{中重稀土比值}}{\left( {{{Sm}}/{{Yb}}} \right)_{{N}}} = \frac{{{{Sm}}_{{N}}}}{{{{Y}}{{{b}}_{{N}}}}},$
${\text{铈异常}}\text{δ} C{{e = }}\frac{{2C{e_N}}}{{L{{\rm{a}}_N} + {{Pr }_N}}},$
${\text{铕异常}}\text{δ} E{{u}} = \frac{{2E{u_N}}}{{S{m_N} + G{d_N}}}$
式中,N代表经标准化后的元素值; $RE{Y_N} = \displaystyle\frac{{REY{\text{样品}}}}{{REY{\text{页岩}}}}$
采用澳大利亚后太古代平均页岩(post-Archean Australian Shale,PAAS)进行标准化,具体值见表2
GC11岩心中,Al2O3含量范围为15.42%~16.95%,CaO含量范围为1.24%~1.40%,总铁含量TFe2O3含量范围为8.52%~9.20%,K2O的含量范围为2.39%~2.80%,P2O5的含量范围为0.51%~0.60%,SiO2的含量范围为48.91%~50.78%,TiO2的含量范围为0.66%~0.75%,LOI的含量分布范围为9.72%~11.27%,各主量元素特征值见表3
在岩心剖面分布上,除了样品H2和H5(孔深分别为15 cm和55 cm)中主量元素有较大波动之外,其余各层位上主量元素的含量变化不大,见图2。H2和H5层位的最大特征是SiO2含量明显较高,分别达56.26%和58.04%,Na2O含量也较高,分别达5.51%和4.04%,由于样品在进行元素分析前采用去离子水进行洗盐处理,因此这2个层位中Na2O含量的高值显然和海水无关,可能和Na在沉积物中赋存矿物有关,有待进一步的研究分析。其他主量元素的含量在这2个层位上均不同程度变低,对所有层位进行了过剩Si的计算,发现只有H2和H5这2个样品存在过剩Si,过剩Si的含量在20%~26%之间,说明这2个层位的样品受到了硅质生物沉积的重要影响,但是K2O和LOI含量无明显变化。GC11岩心上主量元素的垂直分布特征符合涂片鉴定获得的深海沉积物类型的主要代表性成分。
GC11岩心沉积物中各微量元素的特征值见表4
微量元素和稀土元素在剖面上均匀分布,但在H2和H5层位上出现低值(仅Rb的含量略有升高),这与除了SiO2以外的大部分主量元素一致,表明快速的硅质生物沉积对沉积物中微量元素和稀土元素含量的稀释作用,部分微量元素的垂直分布见图3
为了评价微量元素和稀土元素在沉积物剖面上的富集情况,以上地壳丰度数据[11]为参考标准,对本次研究的样品进行富集系数(样品中某元素的含量/上地壳中该元素的丰度)的计算,结果见图4
从微量元素的富集系数来看,微量元素在沉积物中的富集情况差别较大,基本可以总结出2个特征:(1)亲硫的微量元素如Co、Cu、Mo、Ni、Pb等富集系数较高,这可能与这些元素自生或热液成因有关;(2)亲石的微量元素如Ga、Cs、Hf、Nb、Rb、Sc、Ta、U、V、Zr等其富集系数多与1接近,一般认为,这些元素大多来自碎屑物质,这与深海黏土的基本成分是一致的。
沉积物岩心中稀土元素表现为明显的富集(图5),富集程度最高的是Gd,富集系数为7.1,Y的富集程度仅次于Gd,总体来说,中、重稀土的富集系数要明显高于轻稀土的富集系数,中稀土和重稀土富集的特征显著,这和太平洋发现的富稀土深海黏土中的稀土元素特征一致。稀土元素在沉积剖面上分布均匀,在H2和H5层位上富集系数明显低于其他层位。与印度洋已有的其他沉积物岩心比较,本次研究中GC11沉积物中稀土元素的富集系数要明显低于邻近的GC02岩心,而与东印度洋沃顿海盆DSDP213岩心的相当,见图5
岩心沉积物中稀土元素的特征值见表5。总的来说,稀土元素的特征值在剖面上基本一致,GC11剖面上轻、中稀土分馏作用和轻、重稀土分馏作用明显,(La/Gd)N和(La/Yb)N的变化范围分别为0.38~0.43和0.51~0.59,中稀土元素相对最为富集,表明不同层位的样品之间稀土元素的分馏程度差异微弱。但是在H2和H5层位上有显著差异,具体表现在:(1)δCe在H2和H5中均为1.06,略大于1,而在其他层位中均小于1,在0.80~0.93之间,总体上各个样品Ce异常较弱;(2)δEu异常总体都较弱,在1.02~1.13之间。H2和H5层位上δEu具有最低值,分别为1.04和1.02。
总体看来,GC11岩心∑REY、δCe、(La/Gd)N和(La/Yb)N的变化范围均与东印度洋沃顿海盆的DSDP 213 岩心的富稀土深海黏土较为相似[12],比较相邻海域的GC02岩心,其Ce负异常程度明显要高得多,∑REY也明显高得多。GC02岩心的(La/Yb)N平均值为0.63,均高于GC11和DSDP213岩心的。但是LREE/HREE为12.02,低于GC11岩心的13.70,但是高于DSDP岩心的11.60,并且GC02具有最高的MREE/HREE值,为3.24,表明GC02站位的中重稀土富集程度均大于GC11岩心。
岩心不同层位沉积物的稀土元素的配分模式见图6。可以看出,除了富集程度不同之外,GC11和GC02岩心,以及DSDP213岩心的归一化模式没有很大不同,都表现为显著的中稀土富集的特征,中稀土富集程度略微大于DSDP213岩心的富稀土深海黏土,但是明显小于GC02岩心的,富集型式与GC02的富稀土深海黏土更加相似一些,表明3个岩心的富稀土深海沉积在稀土元素的物质来源和富集机制上应该存在着一致性。
已有的研究多认为生源磷灰石(赋存于鱼牙等物质中)是富稀土深海黏土中稀土元素的重要载体矿物[12-14]。本岩心结果表明,在所有的主量元素中,P2O5与∑REY的正相关程度最高(图7a),进一步支持了生源磷灰石作为稀土元素载体矿物的观点。
GC11岩心沉积物中CaO/P2O5的比值在2.23~3.47之间,平均值为2.45;若剔除H2和H5层位的数据,则平均值为2.34,高于邻近海域GC02岩心的平均值2.05(剔除明显热液混染的层位),以及DSDP213岩心 UNIT 2的平均值(2.13)[12];这表明印度洋已经发现的富稀土深海沉积物中CaO/P2O5比值略高于钙氟磷灰石中的比值1.62,在鱼牙骨等生物磷灰石中的CaO/P2O5比值的分布范围内,并且CaO/P2O5的比值越高,REY比值明显降低(图8),表明鱼牙骨等钙氟磷灰石是稀土元素的主要载体。
∑REY与TFe2O3和MnO均存在一定的相关性(图7b, 图7c),指示铁锰悬浮颗粒在海水中扩散的时候可能吸收了一定的稀土元素,为稀土元素的富集做了一定的贡献,但与典型的中印度洋洋盆锰结核相比,后者具有明显的Ce正异常[15],与沉积物岩心中Ce负异常显然不同,因此铁锰氧化物应该不是主要的稀土元素载体矿物。
由于富集稀土元素的深海黏土往往具有与钙十字沸石共生的现象,因此,很长一段时间内,钙十字沸石被认为是稀土元素可能的载体矿物,富稀土沉积物中K2O往往与∑REY具有较高的正相关[2]似乎也为钙十字沸石作为稀土元素的载体矿物提供了佐证。Kon等[13]对单个的钙十字沸石进行了LA-ICP-MS分析,发现在富稀土深海黏土中,钙十字沸石的稀土元素含量很低,认为深海黏土中稀土元素与钙十字沸石共生很可能与两者都发育在极慢速的沉积环境有关。并且,综合不同区域的文献资料,可以发现K2O与∑REY的相关性差异巨大,有的甚至是负相关[5]。在本研究中,岩心剖面上K2O与∑REY几乎表现为不相关,也质疑了钙十字沸石与稀土元素的可能相关性,见图9
本研究采用特征元素比值对GC11沉积物可能的物质来源进行探讨,以获得不同物质来源对沉积物中稀土元素富集程度以及归一化模式特征的影响。
一般认为,对于深海黏土,过剩铝(Alex)可以指示火山组分,过剩硅(Siex)一般认为可以指示硅质生物组分,Ti的含量一般认为可以指示陆源组分[16]。计算表明,只有H2和H5这2个样品存在Siex,但这两个样品∑REY最低,指示硅质生物沉积稀释了沉积物中稀土元素含量。图9分别展示了∑REY与Alex和TiO2的散点图,可以看到TiO2与∑REY呈弱的正相关,而Alex与∑REY几乎不相关,指示陆源物质对稀土元素的贡献可能有一定的影响,但是这种影响是微弱的,而火山物质对稀土元素的贡献似乎也并不明显。Mascarenhas-Pereira和Nath[17]在分析中印度洋洋盆沉积物时采用Co/Zn来判断沉积物是否受热液影响,其原理是Co是典型的海洋自生元素,而Zn可能来自热液。本研究中所有样品的Co/Zn比值都在1.22~1.52之间,全部大于1,可见热液对岩心的影响是不明显的。因此,热液应该不对岩心稀土元素的富集起重要贡献。
一般认为,Y/Ho比值是区分黏土矿物来源的有效指标。相比较水柱中稳定存在的Y元素,Ho很容易被清扫进入沉积物,造成海水中的Y/Ho可达60~70,约2倍于陆源硅铝质碎屑沉积物(25~30)[18-19]。本研究表明GC11岩心中Y/Ho变化为25.6~29.5,平均值为27.6,远远低于海水的Y/Ho值,而与陆源碎屑沉积物的接近,略低于东印度洋沃顿海盆DSDP213站位富稀土层位中(Y/Ho变化为24.9~31.37,平均值为28.3),明显低于GC02岩心(Y/Ho变化为29.7~33.4,平均值为31.0),见图10。Zhang等[20]的研究认为,不同富稀土深海沉积的Y/Ho比值可能与沉积物的物源差异有关,并且可能对其中稀土元素的富集程度和稀土元素特征值产生影响。Yasukawa等[12]结合Fe2O3数据,认为相比较太平洋低铁的富稀土深海沉积,沃顿海盆富稀土沉积中有Fe2O3相对富集的现象,可能代表了陆源物质的输入,对古地理的重构表明该区域当时存在着南部非洲来源的陆源风尘输入,同时可能还受火山碎屑物质的影响。GC11和DSDP213以及GC02的Y/Ho比值差异可能表明,相比较GC02岩心的富稀土深海沉积,GC11和DSDP213沉积物中更多地受到了陆源碎屑物质的影响,轻稀土亏损相对较弱,中、重稀土富集程度略低,δCe负异常不显著。
目前,鱼类的牙齿、骨屑等生源磷灰石作为富稀土深海沉积中稀土元素的主要载体矿物已经得到学界的普遍认同[12-14, 20]。已有的研究表明,生物活体中稀土元素的含量可忽略不计,生源磷灰石要富集如此规模的稀土元素可能与沉积期后的早期对海水和沉积物孔隙水中稀土元素的快速吸附过程有关。并且越来越多的证据表明,可能是沉积物孔隙水,而不是海水,是稀土元素的直接来源[21-22]
本次研究基于中印度洋洋盆沉积物GC11岩心的主微量以及稀土元素检测数据,开展了富稀土黏土中稀土元素特征分析,并进一步探讨稀土元素的可能来源以及影响沉积物中稀土元素富集特征的可能影响因素,结果表明:(1)GC11岩心中稀土元素含量除了H2和H5层位,稀土元素总量∑REY在619.32~742.74 μg/g之间,中、重稀土元素的平均富集系数明显大于轻稀土,与DSDP213站位基本一致,略低于邻近海域的GC02。(2)研究区域内快速的硅质生物沉积对稀土元素以及其他主微量元素具有明显的稀释作用。(3)稀土元素的主要载体矿物可能是生源磷灰石。铁锰氧化物可能携带了部分稀土元素,但不是稀土元素的主要载体矿物。沉积物中不同的物质来源可深刻影响其中稀土元素的富集程度和特征,相比较邻近海域的GC02岩心,GC11岩心中陆源成分可能更多些,由此造成其相对较低的稀土元素含量,不太显著的Ce负异常,以及中、重稀土元素富集程度相对较低。
GC11岩心中富含稀土元素的发现,是继岩心GC02之后,在印度洋洋盆中部关于富稀土深海沉积的又一发现,表明在印度洋洋盆中部可能广泛分布着富集稀土元素的深海黏土。虽然可能由于陆源物质的混入,造成了两根岩心中稀土元素特征值的细微差异,但是不同站位稀土元素富集的地球化学特征具有一致性,表明了稀土元素在研究区域内相同的富集机制,有可能成为潜在的稀土元素矿产资源。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2017YFC602305);国家自然科学基金面上项目(41773005);中国大洋矿产资源研究开发协会“十三五”课题(DY135-R2-1-01)。
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2019年第41卷第12期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2019.12.005
  • 接收时间:2018-10-29
  • 首发时间:2026-04-03
  • 出版时间:2019-12-25
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  • 收稿日期:2018-10-29
  • 修回日期:2019-05-06
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国家重点研发计划(2017YFC602305);国家自然科学基金面上项目(41773005);中国大洋矿产资源研究开发协会“十三五”课题(DY135-R2-1-01)。
作者信息
    1 浙江大学 地球科学学院,浙江 杭州 310027
    2 浙江大学 海洋研究院,浙江 舟山 316021
    3 自然资源部第一海洋研究所,海洋沉积与环境地质重点实验室,山东 青岛 266061
    4 青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室 海洋地质过程与环境功能实验室,山东 青岛 266237
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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