Article(id=1246845540072313563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1246845538742719188, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2019.12.017, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1526918400000, receivedDateStr=2018-05-22, revisedDate=1548604800000, revisedDateStr=2019-01-28, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1775200742023, onlineDateStr=2026-04-03, pubDate=1577203200000, pubDateStr=2019-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1775200742023, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-03, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1775200742023, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1775200742023, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1246845538742719188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2019', volume='41', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='176', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1775200741706, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1775200890782, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1246846164105060671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1246845538742719188, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1246846164105060672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1246845538742719188, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=71, endPage=77, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1246845540349137632, articleId=1246845540072313563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=Study on residual yield model of winter fishes of Todarodes pacificus based on water temperature factors, columnId=1243954927383462170, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Marine Biology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Water temperature is one of the important factors affecting the growth, reproduction and supplement of the winter fishes of Todarodes in the Pacific. According to the fishery data of the Pacific winter Todarodes from 2004 to 2015 and its habitat environment data, including the January spawning ground (28°–35°N, 125°–130°E) and the September feeding ground (31°–38°N, 128°–132°E) sea surface temperature (SST), a surplus production model based on SST factor was established to analyze the effect of SST on the resources of the winter migrating fish population of the North Pacific Todarodes. By verifying the indicators of the model of the surplus production model, this study find that the model has higher prediction accuracy. The results show that the resources and catches of the winter fishes of Todarodes pacificus are mainly affected by the SST of the feeding ground, but the spawning ground SST has no significant effect on its catch in the current year. Therefore, it is recommended to strengthen the research on whether the SST factor of the spawning ground may affect the catch and resources of the next year, and the fishery management department should also determine its maximum sustainable yield according to the state of the marine environment every year, and the management plan should be adjusted in real time.

, correspAuthors=Jintao Wang, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Haiyang Xuebao, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=En'ge Xie, Xinjun Chen, Jintao Wang, Lin Lei, Qiaer Wu), CN=ArticleExt(id=1246845543104795422, articleId=1246845540072313563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=基于水温因子的太平洋褶柔鱼冬生群剩余产量模型研究, columnId=1243954927517679901, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=海洋生物, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

水温是影响太平洋褶柔鱼冬生群生长、繁殖、补充的重要因素之一。根据2004–2015年太平洋褶柔鱼冬生群渔业数据和其栖息地环境数据,包括1月产卵场(28°~35°N,125°~130°E)和9月索饵场(31°~38°N,128°~132°E)海表面温度(Sea Surface Temperature,SST),建立了基于SST因子的太平洋褶柔鱼冬生群体的剩余产量模型,分析SST对太平洋褶柔鱼冬生群资源量的影响,对该模型的各项指标进行验证,发现该模型的预测精度较高。结果表明:太平洋褶柔鱼冬生群当年的资源量及渔获量主要受索饵场SST影响,而产卵场SST对其当年渔获量影响不显著。由此建议在今后对产卵场SST因子是否对次年的渔获量及资源量产生影响进行研究,同时渔业管理部门也应根据每年海洋环境状况确定其最大可持续产量,并实时调整管理方案。

, correspAuthors=汪金涛, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*汪金涛,博士,渔业资源学。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《海洋学报》编辑部 2023, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=nr/sKy9jpebGdIs7kV04lA==, magXml=rs7zby2xVlUOQslKDnZDlg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=oPBbhS8ytz+9vdb/Bvr1AA==, pdfFileSize=1371048, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=VnaTBLfUVN42NwFbHmEoZA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=ZsKzwrg28uG7Ll8pWlRDnw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

谢恩阁(1993—),女,河南省信阳市人,主要从事渔业资源研究。E-mail:

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谢恩阁(1993—),女,河南省信阳市人,主要从事渔业资源研究。E-mail:

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谢恩阁(1993—),女,河南省信阳市人,主要从事渔业资源研究。E-mail:

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3 上海海洋大学 国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海 201306
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4 Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China
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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246845540072313563, language=CN, label=图4, caption=CPUE残差与1月产卵场平均SST关系的散点图和拟合曲线, figureFileSmall=YULVBAdfxh/73Sco924rZg==, figureFileBig=NyMaJudourAMN+Lc3LJGxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1254506338634097512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246845540072313563, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Scatter plot and ground quadratic curve of residual of CPUE against monthly SST of feeding field in September, figureFileSmall=9Mmy5xXCx58Yy1g7Hob7gg==, figureFileBig=lvnPHhFEkSc4AXXtc/loag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1254506338831229802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246845540072313563, language=CN, label=图5, caption=CPUE残差与9月索饵场平均SST关系的散点图和拟合曲线, figureFileSmall=9Mmy5xXCx58Yy1g7Hob7gg==, figureFileBig=lvnPHhFEkSc4AXXtc/loag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1254506338986419055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246845540072313563, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Observed and predicted annual catches of the winter fishes of Todarodes pacificus , figureFileSmall=HhfBTW0kb82TgyyQ84HWQA==, figureFileBig=W5lodXT8GXyjmNM35LPwhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1254506339154191219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246845540072313563, language=CN, label=图6, caption=太平洋褶柔鱼冬生群渔业渔获量的观测值与预测值, figureFileSmall=HhfBTW0kb82TgyyQ84HWQA==, figureFileBig=W5lodXT8GXyjmNM35LPwhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1254506339305186165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246845540072313563, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Summary of catch effort and CPUE data of Todarodes pacificus winter fish and monthly SST of January and September from 2004 to 2015

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份 渔获量/万t CPUE/t·网次−1 捕捞努力量/网次 1月SST/℃ 9月SST/℃
日本 韩国 总计
2004 142 837 70 773 213 610 1.18 181 025 18.53 25.58
2005 117 196 68 174 185 370 1.07 173 242 18.82 25.52
2006 89 025 77 021 166 046 0.83 200 055 17.69 25.31
2007 188 312 78 287 266 599 1.68 158 689 18.67 26.83
2008 138 713 66 756 205 468 1.59 129 225 18.99 26.24
2009 139 825 73 301 213 126 1.60 133 203 18.49 25.55
2010 145 301 75 922 221 223 1.23 179 856 18.23 26.95
2011 185 849 103 703 289 552 1.55 186 807 18.13 26.09
2012 110 869 71 145 182 014 1.24 146 785 18.52 25.50
2013 140 011 87 761 227 772 1.23 185 180 17.83 26.55
2014 134 218 82 763 216 981 1.15 188 679 18.21 25.78
2015 96 894 86 451 183 344 0.81 226 350 17.74 24.74
), ArticleFig(id=1254506339514901367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246845540072313563, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2004–2015年太平洋褶柔鱼冬生群渔业资源统计数据(渔获量和捕捞努力量)及1月产卵场和9月索饵场的平均SST

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份 渔获量/万t CPUE/t·网次−1 捕捞努力量/网次 1月SST/℃ 9月SST/℃
日本 韩国 总计
2004 142 837 70 773 213 610 1.18 181 025 18.53 25.58
2005 117 196 68 174 185 370 1.07 173 242 18.82 25.52
2006 89 025 77 021 166 046 0.83 200 055 17.69 25.31
2007 188 312 78 287 266 599 1.68 158 689 18.67 26.83
2008 138 713 66 756 205 468 1.59 129 225 18.99 26.24
2009 139 825 73 301 213 126 1.60 133 203 18.49 25.55
2010 145 301 75 922 221 223 1.23 179 856 18.23 26.95
2011 185 849 103 703 289 552 1.55 186 807 18.13 26.09
2012 110 869 71 145 182 014 1.24 146 785 18.52 25.50
2013 140 011 87 761 227 772 1.23 185 180 17.83 26.55
2014 134 218 82 763 216 981 1.15 188 679 18.21 25.78
2015 96 894 86 451 183 344 0.81 226 350 17.74 24.74
), ArticleFig(id=1254506339816891257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246845540072313563, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Correlation coefficient and significance analysis results between SST at the key sea area and the CPUE

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
位置 月份 相关系数r 显著性p
28°~35°N,125°~130°E 1月 0.603 0.038
28.5°~30.5°N,127.5°~128.5°E 2月 0.576 0.048
31°~38°N,128°~132°E 9月 0.609 0.036
33.5°~34.5°N,130.5°~131.5°E 10月 0.542 0.045
), ArticleFig(id=1254506340106298237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246845540072313563, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

关键海区SST与CPUE相关系数与显著分析的结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
位置 月份 相关系数r 显著性p
28°~35°N,125°~130°E 1月 0.603 0.038
28.5°~30.5°N,127.5°~128.5°E 2月 0.576 0.048
31°~38°N,128°~132°E 9月 0.609 0.036
33.5°~34.5°N,130.5°~131.5°E 10月 0.542 0.045
), ArticleFig(id=1254506340253098879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246845540072313563, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

The verification result of the surplus production model of the winter fishes of Todarodes pacificus based on the SST factor of the feeding ground

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
相对误差平均值/% 相关系数r 显著性p
10.17 0.651 0.029
), ArticleFig(id=1254506340479591302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246845540072313563, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

基于索饵场SST因子的太平洋褶柔鱼冬生群剩余产量模型的验证结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
相对误差平均值/% 相关系数r 显著性p
10.17 0.651 0.029
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基于水温因子的太平洋褶柔鱼冬生群剩余产量模型研究
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谢恩阁 1, 6 , 陈新军 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , 汪金涛 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, * , 雷林 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , 吴洽儿 1, 6
海洋学报 | 海洋生物 2019,41(12): 71-77
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海洋学报 | 海洋生物 2019, 41(12): 71-77
基于水温因子的太平洋褶柔鱼冬生群剩余产量模型研究
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谢恩阁1, 6 , 陈新军1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 汪金涛1, 2, 3, 4, 5, * , 雷林1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 吴洽儿1, 6
作者信息
  • 1 上海海洋大学 海洋科学学院,上海 201306
  • 2 农业农村部大洋渔业开发重点实验室,上海 201306
  • 3 上海海洋大学 国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海 201306
  • 4 大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室,上海 201306
  • 5 农业农村部大洋渔业资源环境科学观测实验站,上海 201306
  • 6 中国水产科学研究院 南海水产研究所,广东 广州 510300
  • 谢恩阁(1993—),女,河南省信阳市人,主要从事渔业资源研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*汪金涛,博士,渔业资源学。E-mail:
Study on residual yield model of winter fishes of Todarodes pacificus based on water temperature factors
En'ge Xie1, 6 , Xinjun Chen1, 2, 3, 4, 5, Jintao Wang1, 2, 3, 4, 5, * , Lin Lei1, 2, 3, 4, 5, Qiaer Wu1, 6
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
  • 2 Key Laboratory of Oceanic Fisheries Exploration, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201306, China
  • 3 National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
  • 4 Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China
  • 5 Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Oceanic Fishery Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201306, China
  • 6 South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
出版时间: 2019-12-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2019.12.017
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水温是影响太平洋褶柔鱼冬生群生长、繁殖、补充的重要因素之一。根据2004–2015年太平洋褶柔鱼冬生群渔业数据和其栖息地环境数据,包括1月产卵场(28°~35°N,125°~130°E)和9月索饵场(31°~38°N,128°~132°E)海表面温度(Sea Surface Temperature,SST),建立了基于SST因子的太平洋褶柔鱼冬生群体的剩余产量模型,分析SST对太平洋褶柔鱼冬生群资源量的影响,对该模型的各项指标进行验证,发现该模型的预测精度较高。结果表明:太平洋褶柔鱼冬生群当年的资源量及渔获量主要受索饵场SST影响,而产卵场SST对其当年渔获量影响不显著。由此建议在今后对产卵场SST因子是否对次年的渔获量及资源量产生影响进行研究,同时渔业管理部门也应根据每年海洋环境状况确定其最大可持续产量,并实时调整管理方案。

太平洋褶柔鱼冬生群  /  海表面温度  /  剩余产量模型  /  产卵场  /  索饵场

Water temperature is one of the important factors affecting the growth, reproduction and supplement of the winter fishes of Todarodes in the Pacific. According to the fishery data of the Pacific winter Todarodes from 2004 to 2015 and its habitat environment data, including the January spawning ground (28°–35°N, 125°–130°E) and the September feeding ground (31°–38°N, 128°–132°E) sea surface temperature (SST), a surplus production model based on SST factor was established to analyze the effect of SST on the resources of the winter migrating fish population of the North Pacific Todarodes. By verifying the indicators of the model of the surplus production model, this study find that the model has higher prediction accuracy. The results show that the resources and catches of the winter fishes of Todarodes pacificus are mainly affected by the SST of the feeding ground, but the spawning ground SST has no significant effect on its catch in the current year. Therefore, it is recommended to strengthen the research on whether the SST factor of the spawning ground may affect the catch and resources of the next year, and the fishery management department should also determine its maximum sustainable yield according to the state of the marine environment every year, and the management plan should be adjusted in real time.

winterfishes of Todarodes pacificus  /  SST  /  surplus production model  /  spawning ground  /  feeding ground
谢恩阁, 陈新军, 汪金涛, 雷林, 吴洽儿. 基于水温因子的太平洋褶柔鱼冬生群剩余产量模型研究. 海洋学报, 2019 , 41 (12) : 71 -77 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2019.12.017
En'ge Xie, Xinjun Chen, Jintao Wang, Lin Lei, Qiaer Wu. Study on residual yield model of winter fishes of Todarodes pacificus based on water temperature factors[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2019 , 41 (12) : 71 -77 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2019.12.017
太平洋褶柔鱼(Todarodes pacificus)是世界上重要的大洋性经济柔鱼,据联合国粮食及农业组织(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,FAO)统计显示,其产量近10多年总体保持在4×105 t左右,是当今世界最为重要的已开发头足类资源之一,具有较大的经济价值[1-2]。太平洋褶柔鱼作为典型的温带大洋性头足类[3],为一年生暖温性长距离洄游种类,有夏生群、秋生群和冬生群3个季节性产卵群体[4]。目前主要捕捞群体为秋生群和冬生群,其中冬生群体分布范围最广,主要分布在西太平洋21°~50°N海域,其产卵场位于东海北部、九州西部海域,产卵季节为每年的12月至翌年3月,该群体会在每年春、夏季沿日本列岛的两侧(主要沿着日本靠近太平洋沿岸)北上索饵,秋、冬季从日本海南下洄游产卵[5-11]
有研究表明太平洋褶柔鱼资源量与海洋环境关系密切,并可以用产卵场的环境来预测其资源量[12-16]。唐峰华等[17]研究发现,渔场中心每年稍有差异,且渔场的海表温度(Sea Surface Temperature, SST)为16~18℃时最适叶绿素a浓度为0.37~0.45 mg/m3。李建生和严利平[18]研究得出,东海太平洋褶柔鱼属于暖水性外海高温高盐种,与SST等关系密切。杨林林等[19]认为东海太平洋褶柔鱼生殖群体的时空分布具有广范围和多季度的特点。胡飞飞和陈新军[20]利用SST等环境因子建立了BP神经网络,对太平洋褶柔鱼秋生群的资源补充量进行了研究,发现产卵场SST、叶绿素a浓度是影响太平洋褶柔鱼资源补充量的关键因子。但目前关于太平洋褶柔鱼冬生群资源丰度预测较少,尤其是产卵场和索饵场SST对太平洋褶柔鱼冬生群资源丰度的影响几乎没有研究。为此,本文假设产卵场和索饵场SST对太平洋褶柔鱼冬生群资源量产生影响,根据2004-2015年渔获量、资源丰度指数及SST数据,通过相关性分析,发现1月份产卵场(28°~35°N,125°~130°E)海域和9月份索饵场(31°~38°N,128°~132°E)海域SST与历年单位努力渔获量(Catch Per Unit Effort,CPUE)呈显著相关,因此将1月产卵场和9月索饵场关键海域的平均SST因子作为影响资源丰度的环境指标,建立基于SST的剩余产量模型,对假设进行验证,掌握太平洋褶柔鱼冬生群资源量变动规律,为太平洋褶柔鱼的渔业生产和管理提供参考。
本研究主要是探讨太平洋褶柔鱼冬生群体资源量与SST之间的关系,渔业CPUE数据(表1)来源于加賀敏樹等[10],已通过广义加性模型进行了标准化处理,时间为2004–2015年。SST数据来自IRI/LDEO气候数据资料库(http://iridl.ldeo.columbia.edu/),时间范围为2004–2015年,空间范围为28°~45°N,125°~145°E,时间分辨率为月,空间分辨率为1°×1°。
根据以往研究[11]显示,太平洋褶柔鱼冬生群体产卵场主要分布在28°~35°N,125°~130°E海域,产卵月份为每年的12月至翌年3月;索饵场为28°~45°N,125°~145°E,索饵期为6–11月。通过对2004–2015年太平洋褶柔鱼冬生群体产卵场与索饵场范围内每个点每月的SST时间序列值和CPUE序列值做相关性分析,选出与CPUE显著相关且相关系数大于0.5的集中分布点的区域和月份,作为影响太平洋褶柔鱼冬生群体资源量变动的影响因子[21]
由Schaefer模型可知,CPUE和捕捞努力量之间的线性关系为
$\frac{{{Y_t}}}{{{f_t}}} = a - b{f_t},$
${U_t} = \frac{{{Y_t}}}{{{f_t}}},$
式中,Yt t年的年渔获量;ft 为年标准捕捞努力量;Ut t年的标准CPUE;ab为参数。
假设渔获量观测值Y和预测值 $\widehat Y$ 的差与标准捕捞努力量的比值,即CPUE的年间波动 $\Delta {u_t}$ (CPUE残差的观测值),是由太平洋褶柔鱼冬生群产卵场和索饵场的SST变化引起的。并尝试建立相关模型:
$\Delta {u_t} = G\left( {{T_t}} \right) + \eta ,$
式中, $G\left({{T_t}} \right)$ 表示由t年产卵场和索饵场SST导致的CPUE波动,T表示SST, $\eta $ 为常数。根据CPUE残差与SST的散点图,确定式(3)的具体形式,并检验其显著性。由式(1)、式(2)和式(3),可得到渔获量变动与SST关系模型:
$\widehat {{Y_t}} = {Y_t} + \widehat {\Delta {u_t}}{f_t} = a{f_t} - bf_t^2 + \left[ {G\left( {{T_t}} \right) + \eta } \right]{f_t},$
式中, $\widehat {\Delta {u_t}}$ 指由式(3)计算得到的 $\Delta {u_t}$ 的预测值。
通过2.2节中关键因子的选取,发现与历年CPUE相关系数最大,最显著的SST点主要集中分布在1月海域和9月海域(表2),2月和10月有部分海域显著,但海域面积较小,本文暂不考虑。因此分别选取1月海域,9月海域作为本文的研究区域,该区域的平均SST作为影响太平洋褶柔鱼资源量变动的产卵场和索饵场环境指标,如图1
2004–2015年CPUE整体波动幅度剧烈,最高值为2007年1.68 t/网次,2015年达到最低为0.81 t/网次。在2006–2007年期间,CPUE呈大幅度上升;2007年以后总体呈下降趋势,从2007年的1.68 t/网次下降至2015年的0.81 t/网次(图2)。产卵场关键区域1月SST的差异不超过2℃,最高为2008年的18.99℃,最低为2006年17.69℃,SST总体变动与CPUE的变化呈显著相关性(r=0.603)。同样在2004–2015年期间索饵场关键区域9月SST总体差异不超过2.5℃,2010年达到最高为26.95℃,2015年最低为24.74℃,并且与CPUE的变化呈现显著相关(r=0.609)(图2)。
通过运用DPS软件估算的Schaefer模型参数ab的值分别为2.634 12和0. 000 007 874。则CPUE与捕捞努力量的关系如图3
假设CPUE年间波动受到产卵场与索饵场SST的影响,即CPUE残差与产卵场和索饵场SST有关,分别建立剩余产量模型。
(1)基于产卵场SST的剩余产量模型。即只考虑产卵场SST因子,加入CPUE的年间波动,图4为CPUE残差与1月海域平均SST的散点图。进一步判断CPUE残差与SST是否呈线性关系,通过相关线性分析可得到斜率和截距分别为0.000 630 7和–0.011 55,即方程数学表达式为
$\Delta {u_t} = - 0.011\;55 + 0.000\;630\;7{T_1}.$
根据图4和公式(5)中的斜率为0.000 630 7与0无明显差异,并经过皮尔逊相关性检验得出r=0.001,p=0.997即可判断SST与CPUE残差不存在显著的线性关系,与本文模型建立的假设条件不符。因此,本文暂先不考虑建立基于产卵场SST的剩余产量模型。
(2)基于索饵场环境因子的剩余产量模型。即只考虑索饵场SST因子,加入CPUE的年间波动,图5为CPUE残差与9月海域的平均SST的散点图。同样通过对散点图的观察,二者呈现一定的线性关系,通过相关线性分析可得到斜率和截距分为0.156 2和–4.044 13,通过皮尔逊相关性检验得出r=0.545,p=0.027即方程数学表达式为
$\Delta {u_t} = - 4.044\;13 + 0.156\;2{T_2}.$
$\Delta {u_t} = 0$ ,可得到SST为25.89℃,当索饵场SST高于25.89℃,CPUE残差大于0;SST低于25.89℃,CPUE残差小于0。因此Schaefer模型的数学表达式为
$\widehat {{Y_t}} = - 1.410\;01{f_t} - 0.000\;007\;874f_t^2 + 0.156\;2{T_2}{f_t}.$
由该模型预测的太平洋褶柔鱼冬生群体渔获量与观测渔获量如图6所示。
利用2004–2015年的渔业数据和索饵场SST数据建立太平洋褶柔鱼冬生群剩余产量模型,通过该模型对2004–2015年的渔获量进行预测,将预测值与观测值进行比较,判断其相对误差。由于相对误差并非判断模型的最优指标,于是将利用该模型计算的预测值与观测值进行相关性分析,并检验其显著性(表3)。
本研究假设产卵场和索饵场SST是导致太平洋褶柔鱼冬生群体CPUE产生年间波动的环境因子,通过相关性分析选取1月产卵场和9月索饵场的SST为特征指标,捕捞努力量为常数,进一步建立CPUE的年间波动与产卵场和索饵场SST因子的线性关系。发现产卵场SST与CPUE残差不存在显著的线性关系,与本文模型建立的假设条件不符。因此,本文暂先不考虑建立基于产卵场SST的剩余产量模型;索饵场SST与CPUE的年间波动存在显著的线性关系(图5,公式(6)),建立了基于索饵场SST的剩余产量模型,并对该模型进行验证,发现该模型的预测效果良好(表3)。
通过对本文的研究结果进行分析,发现本文研究结果与以往的研究结果存在一定的差异。通常认为,太平洋褶柔鱼冬生群作为一种寿命较短的中上层头足类,产卵场和索饵场SST是影响其资源量的重要环境因子[8],如唐峰华等[17]等研究发现在黑潮暖流和对马暖流所控制的水域水温较高,其资源数量相对较大;方舟和陈新军[11]也发现东海外海也是太平洋褶柔鱼冬生群体的越冬场和产卵场,冬季该物种在外海深水海域进行越冬产卵;在春季随着水温上升,进行向北索饵。由此可见SST对太平洋褶柔鱼冬生群体产卵、索饵等整个生活史过程都具有十分重要的影响,进而对资源的补充量产生较大的影响。而本文研究结果则只显示了索饵场SST对太平洋褶柔鱼冬生群体渔获量具有较为显著的影响,而产卵场SST对其渔获量没有明显作用,分析其原因可能有以下几点:(1)产卵场SST对太平洋褶柔鱼冬生群体渔获量没什么显著性影响,可能和数据序列长短有关,通常随着收集数据越来越多,显著性可能增强。(2)适宜的产卵场温度有助于产卵,提高卵的密度。但是还有许多其他相关因素,比如开口饵料不足、溶解氧浓度过高过低等都会造成卵的成活率下降,进而对其每年的渔获量产生影响。(3)通过相关研究表明[7-8],太平洋褶柔鱼繁殖后的亲体损耗大,濒临死亡,缺乏长距离的迁移能力。对该群体的渔业实际情况进行调查,发现捕捞的太平洋褶柔鱼主要为上一年的生殖群体,只包含极少数的未产卵的当年生幼体。由此可见,对于一年生的太平洋褶柔鱼冬生群体,其产卵场的温度可能更多的影响其次年的渔获量和资源量。(4)索饵场SST对其渔获量产生较大影响,主要是由于索饵场的鱼群年龄体型比较大,相对比较成熟,对生存环境具有较大的主动趋向性,选择有利于自身觅食生长的温度环境,所以在适宜温度的索饵场范围内,太平洋褶柔鱼冬生群死亡率相对较低,所以每年的渔获量总体上保持比较稳定。综合这几点原因,我们可以发现,索饵场SST因子对该群体的每年的资源量及渔获量影响较大。此外结合表3的指标数据,发现基于索饵场SST因子的太平洋褶柔鱼冬生群体剩余产量模型的精度比较高,通过该模型预测的每年渔获量可信度较高。
本文建立的渔获量变动模型与传统Schaefer模型的不同之处在于,考虑了环境因素,即索饵场SST对资源量及渔获量的影响。而本研究建立的模型目的是分析索饵场SST对CPUE波动的影响,间接反映了索饵场的SST对太平洋褶柔鱼补充量影响,所以本研究建立基于环境因子的剩余产量模型在一定程度上是可行的。但本文研究也存在一定的不足:(1)本文数据序列相对较短,可能导致产卵场SST因子对其CPUE变动的影响不显著;(2)关于产卵场SST因子是否对该群体次年渔获量有较大的影响并没有进行深入研究;(3)依据前人研究发现CPUE的变化是各种因素相互作用的结果,气候变化[13]、饵料、盐度、海流等环境因素也会影响到其资源丰度[20, 22]。因此,太平洋褶柔鱼资源丰度的预测是一项非常复杂工作,在今后的研究中,除了对产卵场SST因子是否对该群体次年渔获量有较大的影响进行深入研究之外,也要把更多的环境因子考虑加入到模型中,结合物理海洋学等学科,开展个体生态模型的研究,为太平洋褶柔鱼冬生群资源的管理和预测提供科学依据。
  • 自然资源卫星遥感业务支持服务体系项目(201901004);国家自然科学青年基金(NFSC31702343,NSFC41876141)。
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2019年第41卷第12期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2019.12.017
  • 接收时间:2018-05-22
  • 首发时间:2026-04-03
  • 出版时间:2019-12-25
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  • 收稿日期:2018-05-22
  • 修回日期:2019-01-28
基金
自然资源卫星遥感业务支持服务体系项目(201901004);国家自然科学青年基金(NFSC31702343,NSFC41876141)。
作者信息
    1 上海海洋大学 海洋科学学院,上海 201306
    2 农业农村部大洋渔业开发重点实验室,上海 201306
    3 上海海洋大学 国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海 201306
    4 大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室,上海 201306
    5 农业农村部大洋渔业资源环境科学观测实验站,上海 201306
    6 中国水产科学研究院 南海水产研究所,广东 广州 510300

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*汪金涛,博士,渔业资源学。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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