Article(id=1246416854219121055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1246416853124407707, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2019.07.003, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1530633600000, receivedDateStr=2018-07-04, revisedDate=1539014400000, revisedDateStr=2018-10-09, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1775098535350, onlineDateStr=2026-04-02, pubDate=1563984000000, pubDateStr=2019-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1775098535350, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1775098535350, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1775098535350, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1246416853124407707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2019', volume='41', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='158', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1775098535083, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1775200282549, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1246843612969984921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1246416853124407707, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1246843612969984922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1246416853124407707, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=22, endPage=35, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1246416854772769190, articleId=1246416854219121055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=Analysis of upper ocean response to Typhoon Doksuri in the northwest South China Sea, columnId=1243867131083862618, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Physical Oceanography, Marine Meteorology and Marine Physics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Based on the in-situ data from mooring deployed in the northwest South China Sea, we investigate the dynamical and thermal dynamical response of upper ocean to Typhoon Doksuri. In the aspect of dynamic response, as the Typhoon passing, the currents in upper layer enhanced strikingly, the zonal currents in the mixed layer reaches 1.20 m/s. After the passage of Typhoon Doksuri, the currents in the upper layer are dominated by near-inertial oscillation, which rotate clockwise with a period between 36–40 hours. The kinetic energy of near-inertial wave shows two high energetic cores in vertical, which locates at the mixed layer and the thermocline layer, respectively. The estimated e-folding time-scale of near-inertial energy decay is about 3.7 d, and we believe that the downward propagation of energy is the major reason for the decay. The power spectra analysis of currents reveals that power density at inertial frequency, during the period of Typhoon Doksuri, increases about 29.4 times larger than that before the Typhoon arriving. Nevertheless, power density both at diurnal (K1) and semidiurnal (M2) frequency decreases during Typhoon period. Additionally, a blue shift at inertial frequency is identified. We find that the averaged near-internal frequency in upper 400 m is 1.167 f0 for zonal near-inertial currents and 1.170 f0 for meridional near-inertial currents (where f0 is the local inertial frequency). This blue shift is connected with the downward propagation of near-inertial waves and input of positive relative vorticity. In the aspect of thermodynamic response, the temperature rises in the upper layer between 40–250 m depth, due to the stirring induced by strong wind, and the maximum increased temperature amplitude is about 1℃. In addition, the decrease of salinity above 70 m may be related to the precipitation caused by the Typhoon. While the upwelling induced by Ekman pumping may have significant contribution to the increase of salinity at the depth of 70–100 m.

, correspAuthors=Guanghong Liao, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Haiyang Xuebao, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Qian Zhang, Guanghong Liao, Feilong Lin, Weifang Jin, Chujin Liang), CN=ArticleExt(id=1246416862024720949, articleId=1246416854219121055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=南海西北部上层海洋对台风“杜苏芮”的响应分析, columnId=1243867132501540921, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=物理海洋、海洋气象、海洋物理, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

基于锚碇观测资料,本文分析了南海西北部陆坡区上层海洋对台风“杜苏芮”的动力学和热力学响应特征。在动力学响应方面,台风“杜苏芮”期间上层流速显著增强,混合层纬向流速可达1.20 m/s;“杜苏芮”经过后上层海水运动以近惯性振荡为主(流向顺时针旋转周期在36~40 h之间)。近惯性能量在垂向分布上存在两个高值中心,分别位于混合层和温跃层深度上。近惯性能量耗散过程的e折时间尺度约为3.7 d,我们认为能量的向下传播在局地近惯性能量衰减过程中起主要作用。对能量谱的分析表明,“杜苏芮”作用期间近惯性频率能量相对于其作用前增大了约29.4倍,而全日和半日频率(K1和M2)能量有所减弱。此外,能量谱显示近惯性频率存在明显的“蓝移”现象,即对于纬向和经向流速分量在400 m以浅平均的近惯性振荡频率分别为1.167 f0和1.170 f0(f0为局地惯性频率)。蓝移与近惯性内波的向下传播及正的相对涡度的输入有关。在热力学响应方面,上层海洋在台风的搅拌作用下,40~250 m深度均出现较小增温,最大增温幅度接近1°C;此外70 m以浅盐度的降低可能与台风过境时的降水相关,而Ekman抽吸引起的上升流则可能对70~100 m深度盐度的升高具有重要作用。

, correspAuthors=廖光洪, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*廖光洪(1977—),男,湖北省恩施市人,教授,从事中小尺度海洋过程研究。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《海洋学报》编辑部 2019, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=2k2ntNeO4BxGIUAMnJOY2Q==, magXml=xq243Kh5btqAEmo6YNCBUw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=A8kfb4RX1XQRdElXfTCs4w==, pdfFileSize=3821009, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=65eE4Gg8B15DAk5/2brT3Q==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=Hlq/S2cD8AIZ4AJA6IA+oQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

张骞(1996—),男,山东省聊城市人,从事中小尺度海洋过程研究。E-mail:

, authorsList=张骞, 廖光洪, 蔺飞龙, 金魏芳, 梁楚进)}, authors=[Author(id=1254506001483370776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=mr_zhang258@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1254506003144315164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, authorId=1254506001483370776, language=EN, stringName=Qian Zhang, firstName=Qian, middleName=null, lastName=Zhang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Minisitry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1254506003274338593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, authorId=1254506001483370776, language=CN, stringName=张骞, firstName=骞, middleName=null, lastName=张, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 自然资源部第二海洋研究所 卫星海洋环境动力学国家重点实验室,浙江 杭州 310012, bio={"content":"

张骞(1996—),男,山东省聊城市人,从事中小尺度海洋过程研究。E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

张骞(1996—),男,山东省聊城市人,从事中小尺度海洋过程研究。E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1254506001143632141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1254506001152020750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, companyId=1254506001143632141, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Minisitry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1254506001160409359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, companyId=1254506001143632141, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 自然资源部第二海洋研究所 卫星海洋环境动力学国家重点实验室,浙江 杭州 310012)])]), Author(id=1254506003442110758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=liaogh@hhu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1254506003836375343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, authorId=1254506003442110758, language=EN, stringName=Guanghong Liao, firstName=Guanghong, middleName=null, lastName=Liao, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, *, address=1 State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Minisitry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
2 College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1254506003941232946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, authorId=1254506003442110758, language=CN, stringName=廖光洪, firstName=光洪, middleName=null, lastName=廖, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, *, address=1 自然资源部第二海洋研究所 卫星海洋环境动力学国家重点实验室,浙江 杭州 310012
2 河海大学 海洋学院,江苏 南京 210098, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1254506001143632141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1254506001152020750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, companyId=1254506001143632141, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Minisitry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1254506001160409359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, companyId=1254506001143632141, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 自然资源部第二海洋研究所 卫星海洋环境动力学国家重点实验室,浙江 杭州 310012)]), AuthorCompany(id=1254506001319792915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1254506001328181524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, companyId=1254506001319792915, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1254506001336570133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, companyId=1254506001319792915, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 河海大学 海洋学院,江苏 南京 210098)])]), Author(id=1254506004213862710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1254506004515852604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, authorId=1254506004213862710, language=EN, stringName=Feilong Lin, firstName=Feilong, middleName=null, lastName=Lin, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Minisitry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1254506004943671616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, authorId=1254506004213862710, language=CN, stringName=蔺飞龙, firstName=飞龙, middleName=null, lastName=蔺, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 自然资源部第二海洋研究所 卫星海洋环境动力学国家重点实验室,浙江 杭州 310012, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1254506001143632141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1254506001152020750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, companyId=1254506001143632141, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Minisitry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1254506001160409359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, companyId=1254506001143632141, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 自然资源部第二海洋研究所 卫星海洋环境动力学国家重点实验室,浙江 杭州 310012)])]), Author(id=1254506005258244422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1254506005409239371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, authorId=1254506005258244422, language=EN, stringName=Weifang Jin, firstName=Weifang, middleName=null, lastName=Jin, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Minisitry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1254506005606371665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, authorId=1254506005258244422, language=CN, stringName=金魏芳, firstName=魏芳, middleName=null, lastName=金, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 自然资源部第二海洋研究所 卫星海洋环境动力学国家重点实验室,浙江 杭州 310012, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1254506001143632141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1254506001152020750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, companyId=1254506001143632141, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Minisitry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1254506001160409359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, companyId=1254506001143632141, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 自然资源部第二海洋研究所 卫星海洋环境动力学国家重点实验室,浙江 杭州 310012)])]), Author(id=1254506005874807129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1254506006092910943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, authorId=1254506005874807129, language=EN, stringName=Chujin Liang, firstName=Chujin, middleName=null, lastName=Liang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Minisitry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1254506007816769894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, authorId=1254506005874807129, language=CN, stringName=梁楚进, firstName=楚进, middleName=null, lastName=梁, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 自然资源部第二海洋研究所 卫星海洋环境动力学国家重点实验室,浙江 杭州 310012, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1254506001143632141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1254506001152020750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, companyId=1254506001143632141, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Minisitry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1254506001160409359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, companyId=1254506001143632141, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 自然资源部第二海洋研究所 卫星海洋环境动力学国家重点实验室,浙江 杭州 310012)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1254506008458498413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=near-inertial oscillations), Keyword(id=1254506008777265520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=energy spectrum), Keyword(id=1254506008974397812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=dynamic response), Keyword(id=1254506009196695928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=thermodynamic response), Keyword(id=1254506009502880123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=South China Sea), Keyword(id=1254506009762926978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=近惯性振荡), Keyword(id=1254506009968447879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=能量谱), Keyword(id=1254506010073305483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=动力学响应), Keyword(id=1254506010379489679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=热力学响应), Keyword(id=1254506010555650450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=南海)], refs=[Reference(id=1254506025864860189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Rossby C G. On the mutual adjustment of pressure and velocity distributions in certain simple current systems[J]. Journal of Marine Research, 1938, 1(1): 15−28., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1254506026137489952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gill A E. On the behavior of internal waves in the wakes of storms[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1984, 14(7): 1129−1151., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1254506026745664035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Webster F. Observations of inertial-period motions in the deep sea[J]. Reviews of Geophysics, 1968, 6(4): 473−490., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1254506027320283686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Pollard R T. On the generation by winds of inertial waves in the ocean[J]. Deep Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts, 1970, 17(4): 795−812., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1254506027576136233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Price J F. Upper ocean response to a hurricane[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1981, 11(2): 153−175., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1254506027936846381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Price J F. Internal wave wake of a moving storm. Part I. Scales, energy budget and observations[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1983, 13(6): 949−965., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1254506028175921711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sanford T B, Price J F, Girton J B, et al. Highly resolved observations and simulations of the ocean response to a hurricane[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2007, 34(13): L13604., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1254506028519854642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sanford T B, Price J F, Girton J B. Upper-ocean response to hurricane Frances (2004) observed by profiling EM-APEX floats[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 2011, 41(6): 1041−1056., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1254506030243713589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=8, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Teague W J, Jarosz E, Wang D W, et al. Observed oceanic response over the upper continental slope and outer shelf during hurricane Ivan[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 2007, 37(9): 2181−2206., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1254506030424068663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zedler S E, Dickey T D, Doney S C, et al. Analyses and simulations of the upper ocean's response to Hurricane Felix at the Bermuda Testbed Mooring site: 13-23 August 1995[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2002, 107(25): 3232., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1254506030575063611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Qi H B, De Szoeke R A, Paulson C A, et al. The structure of near-inertial waves during ocean storms[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1995, 25(11): 2853−2871., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1254506030755418686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=11, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shay L K, Elsberry R T. Near-inertial ocean current response to Hurricane Frederic[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1987, 17(8): 1249−1269., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1254506030927385153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=12, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shay L K, Chang S W, Elsberry R T. Free surface effects on the near-inertial ocean current response to a hurricane[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1990, 20(9): 1405−1424., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1254506031082574403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=14, rfOrder=13, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sun L, Zheng Q A, Tang T Y, et al. Upper ocean near-inertial response to 1998 Typhoon Faith in the South China Sea[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2012, 31(2): 25−32., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1254506031166460485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sun Lu, Zheng Quanan, Wang Dongxiao, et al. A case study of near-inertial oscillation in the South China Sea using mooring observations and satellite altimeter data[J]. Journal of Oceanography, 2011, 67(6): 677−687., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1254506031271318088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang Bing, Hou Yijun. Near-inertial waves in the wake of 2011 Typhoon Nesat in the northern South China Sea[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2014, 33(11): 102−111., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1254506031460061768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lin Feilong, Liang Chujin, Hou Yijun, et al. Observation of interactions between internal tides and near-inertial waves after typhoon passage in the northern South China Sea[J]. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 2015, 33(5): 1279−1285., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1254506031606862411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=17, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang Bing, Hou Yijun, Hu Po, et al. Shallow ocean response to tropical cyclones observed on the continental shelf of the northwestern South China Sea[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2015, 120(5): 3817−3836., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1254506031845937743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=18, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu Junliang, Cai Shuqun, Wang Dongxiao, et al. A case study of the near-inertial oscillations near the Xisha Islands in the South China Sea during the passage of typhoon Conson 2010[J]. Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, 2015, 18(4): 367−377., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1254506032126956113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=20, rfOrder=19, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhai Xiaoming, Greatbatch R J, Eden C. Spreading of near-inertial energy in a 1/12° model of the North Atlantic Ocean[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2007, 341(10): L10609., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1254506032319894100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=20, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kunze E, Schmitt R W, Toole J M. The energy balance in a warm-core ring’s near-inertial critical layer[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1995, 25(5): 942−957., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1254506032483471958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=22, rfOrder=21, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kunze E. Near-inertial wave propagation in geostrophic shear[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1985, 15(5): 544−565., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1254506032831599193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=23, rfOrder=22, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Emanuel K A. Thermodynamic control of hurricane intensity[J]. Nature, 1999, 401(6754): 665−669., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1254506033204892252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=24, rfOrder=23, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang Han, Chen Dake, Zhou Lei, et al. Upper ocean response to typhoon Kalmaegi (2014)[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2016, 121(8): 6520−6535., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1254506034324771423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=25, rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chu P C, Veneziano J M, Fan C W, et al. Response of the South China Sea to tropical cyclone Ernie[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2000, 105(C6): 13991−14009., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1254506034874225251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=26, rfOrder=25, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu J, Cai S, Wang S. Currents and mixing in the northern South China Sea[J]. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 2010, 28: 974−980., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1254506035369153125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=27, rfOrder=26, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu J, Cai S, Wang S. Observations of strong near-bottom current after the passage of Typhoon Pabuk in the South China Sea[J]. Journal of Marine Systems, 2011, 87(1): 102−108., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1254506035683725928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=28, rfOrder=27, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=高大鲁, 王新怡, 李秉天, 等. 南海北部海域对台风尼格的响应特征分析[J]. 中国海洋大学学报, 2016, 46(6): 8−13, 28., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1254506036124127851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=28, rfOrder=28, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gao Dalu, Wang Xinyi, Li Bingtian, et al. On the response of the upper ocean of Northern South China Sea to Typhoon Nalgae[J]. Periodical of Ocean University of China, 2016, 46(6): 8−13, 28., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1254506036333843054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=29, rfOrder=29, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu Junliang, He Yinghui, Li Juan, et al. Cases study of nonlinear interaction between near-inertial waves induced by typhoon and diurnal tides near the Xisha Islands[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2018, 123(4): 2768−2784., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1254506036463866481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=30, rfOrder=30, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=管守德. 南海北部近惯性振荡研究[D]. 青岛: 中国海洋大学, 2014., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1254506036631638643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=30, rfOrder=31, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Guan Shoude. Near inertial oscillations in the northern South China Sea[D]. Qingdao: Ocean University of China, 2014., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1254506036757467765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=31, rfOrder=32, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=袁耀初, 赵进平, 王惠群, 等. 南海东北部450 m以浅水层与深层海流观测结果及其谱分析[J]. 中国科学: D辑, 2002, 45(11): 1008−1026., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1254506036887491191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=31, rfOrder=33, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yuan Yaochu, Zhao Jinping, Wang Huiqun, et al. Current measurements and spectral analyses in the upper 450 m and deep layers of the northeastern South China Sea[J]. Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences, 2002, 45(11): 1008−1026., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1254506037013320313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=32, rfOrder=34, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Brooks D A. The wake of hurricane Allen in the western Gulf of Mexico[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1983, 13(1): 117−129., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1254506037264978554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=33, rfOrder=35, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zheng Quan’an, Lai R J, Huang N E, et al. Observation of ocean current response to 1998 Hurricane Georges in the Gulf of Mexico[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2006, 25(1): 1−14., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1254506037353058940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=34, rfOrder=36, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sun Zhenyu, Hu Jianyu, Zheng Quanan, et al. Strong near-inertial oscillations in geostrophic shear in the northern South China Sea[J]. Journal of Oceanography, 2011, 67(4): 377−384., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1254506037571162750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=35, rfOrder=37, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=廖光洪, 袁耀初, Arata K, et al. 吕宋海峡ADCP观测的450 m以浅水层内潮特征分析[J]. 中国科学: 地球科学, 2011, 54(7): 1078−1074., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1254506037801849472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=35, rfOrder=38, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liao Guanghong, Yuan Yaochu, Arata K, et al. Analysis of internal tidal characteristics in the layer above 450 m from acoustic Doppler current profiler observations in the Luzon Strait[J]. Science China: Earth Sciences, 2011, 54(7): 1078−1074., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1254506037889929858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=36, rfOrder=39, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhai Xiaoming, Greatbatch R J, Eden C, et al. On the loss of wind-induced near-inertial energy to turbulent mixing in the upper ocean[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 2009, 39(11): 3040−3045., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1254506038057702020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=37, rfOrder=40, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Guan Shoude, Zhao Wei, Huthnance J, et al. Observed upper ocean response to typhoon Megi (2010) in the northern South China Sea[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2014, 119(5): 3134−3157., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1254506023562187287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划(2017YFA0604104);国家自然科学基金(41376033,41506026);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2017B04314);国家海洋局第二海洋研究所基本科研业务费专项项目(JT1506)。, fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1254506001143632141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1254506001152020750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, companyId=1254506001143632141, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Minisitry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1254506001160409359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, companyId=1254506001143632141, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 自然资源部第二海洋研究所 卫星海洋环境动力学国家重点实验室,浙江 杭州 310012)]), AuthorCompany(id=1254506001319792915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1254506001328181524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, companyId=1254506001319792915, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1254506001336570133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, companyId=1254506001319792915, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 河海大学 海洋学院,江苏 南京 210098)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1254506012577304987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=The trajectory and strength of Typhoon Doksuri

The red triangle and yellow dotted lines circle denotes the mooring station and strong-wind regions, respectively

, figureFileSmall=PKZrDUA6K+8LmRbHH8FoHQ==, figureFileBig=yWq4YRD+DdWuU9EpmkxtQg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1254506012841546146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, language=CN, label=图1, caption=台风“杜苏芮”路径及强度

红色三角形为锚系站位,黄色虚线代表台风强风域范围

, figureFileSmall=PKZrDUA6K+8LmRbHH8FoHQ==, figureFileBig=yWq4YRD+DdWuU9EpmkxtQg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1254506013097398696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=The vertical structure of the full profile mooring station, figureFileSmall=8b5Wcj1c4jyBpATODmuBsg==, figureFileBig=kGI9IEC0yF9WV4kWxreFnw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1254506013244199338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, language=CN, label=图2, caption=全剖面锚系的垂向结构, figureFileSmall=8b5Wcj1c4jyBpATODmuBsg==, figureFileBig=kGI9IEC0yF9WV4kWxreFnw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1254506013378417072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Time series of wind speed in Yacheng offshore platform (a), zonal (b) and meridional (c) currents in mooring station before and after Typhoon Doksuri passing. The profiles of mean speed (d) and directions (e) of background currents

The dotted black line denotes the moment when the typhoon center is closest to the mooring station

, figureFileSmall=mx7BS9CD/A/j2n9SuGjhKQ==, figureFileBig=mtBUJuPQuIsUHI2Zw0YtJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1254506013546189238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, language=CN, label=图3, caption=台风“杜苏芮”经过前后崖城平台风速时间序列(a),锚系站位纬向流速(b)和经向流速(c)的时间序列;台风前背景场平均流速(d)及流向剖面(e)

黑色虚线表示台风中心距离锚系站位最近的时刻

, figureFileSmall=mx7BS9CD/A/j2n9SuGjhKQ==, figureFileBig=mtBUJuPQuIsUHI2Zw0YtJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1254506013734932920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=The progressive vector of currents in observation station before and after Typhoon Doksuri passing

a. 30 m; b. 50 m; c. 100 m; d. 150 m. The red triangle represents the moment when the typhoon center is closest to the mooring station

, figureFileSmall=Y+09rqijxaRoYYd/WWE/gg==, figureFileBig=AuIKlINH0Sgy/TdQm1SbYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1254506013890122173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, language=CN, label=图4, caption=台风“杜苏芮”作用前后观测站位流速的前进矢量图

a. 30 m; b. 50 m; c. 100 m; d. 150 m. 红色三角形代表台风中心距离站位最近的时刻

, figureFileSmall=Y+09rqijxaRoYYd/WWE/gg==, figureFileBig=AuIKlINH0Sgy/TdQm1SbYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1254506014095643072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Time series of zonal (b) and meridional (c) near-inertial currents before and after Typhoon Doksuri passing, figureFileSmall=jmsDx1/zkf5Gel9FWA8VTw==, figureFileBig=rBUGBhRmIXWy4Wpr8DT7+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1254506014267609539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, language=CN, label=图5, caption=台风“杜苏芮”作用前后纬向(a)和经向(b)近惯性流速的时间序列, figureFileSmall=jmsDx1/zkf5Gel9FWA8VTw==, figureFileBig=rBUGBhRmIXWy4Wpr8DT7+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1254506014515073479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Variation near-inertial kinetic energy profile with time (a), and time series of near-inertial kinetic energy at different depths (b)

The two dots on each line in b indicate the position of the maximum energy and the position where the energy decays to 1/e of the maximum energy, respectively

, figureFileSmall=valQmQ6+sPYjrx0iPPOB4g==, figureFileBig=4Rpge6xfUhKId+WygK5u5A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1254506014838034893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, language=CN, label=图6, caption=局地惯性周期平均的近惯性动能分布(a)及不同深度上的时间序列(b)

b图中每条曲线上的两个实心圆点分别代表能量最大值的位置和能量衰减至最大能量的1/e的位置

, figureFileSmall=valQmQ6+sPYjrx0iPPOB4g==, figureFileBig=4Rpge6xfUhKId+WygK5u5A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1254506015081304527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Power spectra of the zonal currents before (a) and after (b) Typhoon Doksuri passing. Power spectra of the zonal currents before (c) and after (d) Typhoon Doksuri passing at 50 m, 100 m and 150 m depth

Two magenta dotted lines in a denoting the bandwidth of the near-inertial frequency

, figureFileSmall=J/pkNE3jf+UODk6A+OwL1Q==, figureFileBig=eaRHHRGFSd7AsSekiDWf5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1254506016784191954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, language=CN, label=图7, caption=“杜苏芮”作用之前(a)和之后(b)纬向流速的功率谱;杜苏芮作用之前(c)和之后(d)纬向流速在50 m、100 m和150 m深度上的能谱曲线

图a的两条品红虚线为近惯性频带宽度

, figureFileSmall=J/pkNE3jf+UODk6A+OwL1Q==, figureFileBig=eaRHHRGFSd7AsSekiDWf5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1254506017035850199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Vertical profiles of the ratio of near-inertial frequency to local inertial frequency, figureFileSmall=fbtXFBf8W/A3MIQ5YS+A7Q==, figureFileBig=4EtS+jbsl7vjctqulzC7LA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1254506017274925530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, language=CN, label=图8, caption=近惯性频率与局地惯性频率的比值的垂向剖面, figureFileSmall=fbtXFBf8W/A3MIQ5YS+A7Q==, figureFileBig=4EtS+jbsl7vjctqulzC7LA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1254506017392366046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=The sea surface height abnormally and geostrophic current field during Typhoon Doksuri passing, figureFileSmall=IqrDPOQu2HwPHTYIIvOrlw==, figureFileBig=LIxgpJni07WbSWPDr0GbbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1254506017723716070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, language=CN, label=图9, caption=“杜苏芮”作用期间海面高度异常及地转流场分布, figureFileSmall=IqrDPOQu2HwPHTYIIvOrlw==, figureFileBig=LIxgpJni07WbSWPDr0GbbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1254506017954402792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=Time series of sea surface relative vorticity from 14 September to 25 September during Typhoon Doksuri passing, figureFileSmall=df2AwivrHgwCB8SM1fScxg==, figureFileBig=BDF3c0alAgcfP9V+HCNYkw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1254506018164117995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, language=CN, label=图10, caption=“杜苏芮”影响期间9月14–25日海表相对涡度的时间序列, figureFileSmall=df2AwivrHgwCB8SM1fScxg==, figureFileBig=BDF3c0alAgcfP9V+HCNYkw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1254506018331890160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, language=EN, label=Fig. 11, caption=Time series of temperature (a) and salinity (b) profile before and after Typhoon Doksuri passing, figureFileSmall=G8mDG/UxmMT+/fPvWAQ6MQ==, figureFileBig=UFjAILgQ/ww5B2fKxSPaLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1254506018558382580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, language=CN, label=图11, caption=“杜苏芮”作用前后温度(a)和盐度(b)剖面的时间序列, figureFileSmall=G8mDG/UxmMT+/fPvWAQ6MQ==, figureFileBig=UFjAILgQ/ww5B2fKxSPaLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1254506018843595256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, language=EN, label=Fig. 12, caption=The time-averaged temperature (a) and salinity (c) profiles five days before and after Typhoon Doksuri passing, and the corresponding temperature (b) and salinity (d) variation, figureFileSmall=OimBtNZTSh0RAkVOKqY46g==, figureFileBig=l90hKcDrZUBhYN7lh7c4iw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1254506019145585147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, language=CN, label=图12, caption=“杜苏芮”经过之前和之后5天平均的温度(a)和盐度(c)剖面,及相应的温度(b)和盐度(d)变化, figureFileSmall=OimBtNZTSh0RAkVOKqY46g==, figureFileBig=l90hKcDrZUBhYN7lh7c4iw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1254506019405631999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, language=EN, label=Fig. 13, caption=The vertical shear of zonal (a) and meridional (b) currents before and after Typhoon Doksuri passing, figureFileSmall=DCT+zEE1DF2aDXk1QRaKwg==, figureFileBig=FJSG+Kvvah2S5CL/vvw04g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1254506021242737154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, language=CN, label=图13, caption=“杜苏芮”作用前后纬向流(a)及经向流(b)的垂向剪切, figureFileSmall=DCT+zEE1DF2aDXk1QRaKwg==, figureFileBig=FJSG+Kvvah2S5CL/vvw04g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1254506021620224521, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, language=EN, label=Fig. 14, caption=The distribution of inversed Richardson number, figureFileSmall=PXZg/6P5h+jaTnY31hx7GA==, figureFileBig=p/K4DAFHXtKd3K/86YtcMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1254506021993517578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, language=CN, label=图14, caption=Richardson数倒数的分布, figureFileSmall=PXZg/6P5h+jaTnY31hx7GA==, figureFileBig=p/K4DAFHXtKd3K/86YtcMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1254506022362616332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Power spectral density (unit: (m2/s2)/cpd) integrated along depth at different frequencies

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
fK1M2PSDR(f:K1:M2
台风作用前0.685.840.2610:86:4
台风作用后19.972.040.2490:9:1
), ArticleFig(id=1254506022962401810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1246416854219121055, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同频率上能量谱密度(单位:(m2/s2)/cpd)深度积分结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
fK1M2PSDR(f:K1:M2
台风作用前0.685.840.2610:86:4
台风作用后19.972.040.2490:9:1
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1146441459026210850, delFlag=0, nameCn=海洋学报, nameEn=Haiyang Xuebao, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=0253-4193, eissn=null, cn=11-2055/P, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=否, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=uYi7hkkrve+l8pIcwqcaQQ==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=null, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1751262543687, updatedTime=1761729782936, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=H, firstLetterEn=H, subjectCode=Natural Sciences, subjectName=Natural Sciences, subjectCodeEn=Natural Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=uYi7hkkrve+l8pIcwqcaQQ==, picEn=C0WLQb7uW3ok8EkkVOAGuw==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1190344242636624294, language=CN, name=海洋学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.hyxbocean.cn/, createdTime=1761729782971, updatedTime=1761729782971, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://www.hyxb.org.cn/aos/ch/author/login.aspx, submissionEditorUrl=http://www.hyxb.org.cn/aos/ch/login.aspx, submissionReviewUrl=http://www.hyxb.org.cn/aos/ch/auditor/login.aspx, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1190344242712121767, language=EN, name=Haiyang Xuebao, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.aosocean.com/, createdTime=1761729782989, updatedTime=1761729782989, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://www.hyxb.org.cn/aos/ch/author/login.aspx, submissionEditorUrl=http://www.hyxb.org.cn/aos/ch/login.aspx, submissionReviewUrl=http://www.hyxb.org.cn/aos/ch/auditor/login.aspx, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1149651085930835976, websiteList=[Website(id=1188165202219512001, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1149651085930835976, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1761210259251, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761210330879, updateBy=18614031015, name=海洋学报-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=海洋学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1188166688563413602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761210613623, updateTime=1761210613623, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166688538247775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761210613617, updateTime=1761210613617, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166688529859166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/CN/file/pic?fileId=BDEio/cxHnid8OD4QxrAYQ==, createTime=1761210613615, updateTime=1761210613615, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166688555024993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1761210613621, updateTime=1761210613621, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166688546636384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1761210613619, updateTime=1761210613619, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166688575996515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761210613626, updateTime=1761210613626, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166688596968036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761210613631, updateTime=1761210613631, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1188165202282426564, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1149651085930835976, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1761210259266, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761210377920, updateBy=18614031015, name=海洋学报-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Haiyang Xuebao, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1188166798101856873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761210639739, updateTime=1761210639739, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166798076691046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761210639733, updateTime=1761210639733, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166798068302437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/EN/file/pic?fileId=BDEio/cxHnid8OD4QxrAYQ==, createTime=1761210639731, updateTime=1761210639731, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166798093468264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1761210639737, updateTime=1761210639737, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166798085079655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1761210639735, updateTime=1761210639735, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166798106051178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761210639740, updateTime=1761210639740, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166798110245483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761210639741, updateTime=1761210639741, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=海洋学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=http://www.hyxbocean.cn/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Haiyang Xuebao, journalPhotoCn=uYi7hkkrve+l8pIcwqcaQQ==, journalPhotoEn=C0WLQb7uW3ok8EkkVOAGuw==, journalFirstLetter=H, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/CN/10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2019.07.003, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/EN/10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2019.07.003, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/CN/PDF/10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2019.07.003, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/EN/PDF/10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2019.07.003, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
南海西北部上层海洋对台风“杜苏芮”的响应分析
收藏切换
PDF下载
张骞 1 , 廖光洪 1, 2, * , 蔺飞龙 1 , 金魏芳 1 , 梁楚进 1
海洋学报 | 物理海洋、海洋气象、海洋物理 2019,41(7): 22-35
收起
收藏切换
海洋学报 | 物理海洋、海洋气象、海洋物理 2019, 41(7): 22-35
南海西北部上层海洋对台风“杜苏芮”的响应分析
全屏
张骞1 , 廖光洪1, 2, * , 蔺飞龙1, 金魏芳1, 梁楚进1
作者信息
  • 1 自然资源部第二海洋研究所 卫星海洋环境动力学国家重点实验室,浙江 杭州 310012
  • 2 河海大学 海洋学院,江苏 南京 210098
  • 张骞(1996—),男,山东省聊城市人,从事中小尺度海洋过程研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*廖光洪(1977—),男,湖北省恩施市人,教授,从事中小尺度海洋过程研究。E-mail:
Analysis of upper ocean response to Typhoon Doksuri in the northwest South China Sea
Qian Zhang1 , Guanghong Liao1, 2, * , Feilong Lin1, Weifang Jin1, Chujin Liang1
Affiliations
  • 1 State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Minisitry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
  • 2 College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
出版时间: 2019-07-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2019.07.003
文章导航
收藏切换

基于锚碇观测资料,本文分析了南海西北部陆坡区上层海洋对台风“杜苏芮”的动力学和热力学响应特征。在动力学响应方面,台风“杜苏芮”期间上层流速显著增强,混合层纬向流速可达1.20 m/s;“杜苏芮”经过后上层海水运动以近惯性振荡为主(流向顺时针旋转周期在36~40 h之间)。近惯性能量在垂向分布上存在两个高值中心,分别位于混合层和温跃层深度上。近惯性能量耗散过程的e折时间尺度约为3.7 d,我们认为能量的向下传播在局地近惯性能量衰减过程中起主要作用。对能量谱的分析表明,“杜苏芮”作用期间近惯性频率能量相对于其作用前增大了约29.4倍,而全日和半日频率(K1和M2)能量有所减弱。此外,能量谱显示近惯性频率存在明显的“蓝移”现象,即对于纬向和经向流速分量在400 m以浅平均的近惯性振荡频率分别为1.167 f0和1.170 f0(f0为局地惯性频率)。蓝移与近惯性内波的向下传播及正的相对涡度的输入有关。在热力学响应方面,上层海洋在台风的搅拌作用下,40~250 m深度均出现较小增温,最大增温幅度接近1°C;此外70 m以浅盐度的降低可能与台风过境时的降水相关,而Ekman抽吸引起的上升流则可能对70~100 m深度盐度的升高具有重要作用。

近惯性振荡  /  能量谱  /  动力学响应  /  热力学响应  /  南海

Based on the in-situ data from mooring deployed in the northwest South China Sea, we investigate the dynamical and thermal dynamical response of upper ocean to Typhoon Doksuri. In the aspect of dynamic response, as the Typhoon passing, the currents in upper layer enhanced strikingly, the zonal currents in the mixed layer reaches 1.20 m/s. After the passage of Typhoon Doksuri, the currents in the upper layer are dominated by near-inertial oscillation, which rotate clockwise with a period between 36–40 hours. The kinetic energy of near-inertial wave shows two high energetic cores in vertical, which locates at the mixed layer and the thermocline layer, respectively. The estimated e-folding time-scale of near-inertial energy decay is about 3.7 d, and we believe that the downward propagation of energy is the major reason for the decay. The power spectra analysis of currents reveals that power density at inertial frequency, during the period of Typhoon Doksuri, increases about 29.4 times larger than that before the Typhoon arriving. Nevertheless, power density both at diurnal (K1) and semidiurnal (M2) frequency decreases during Typhoon period. Additionally, a blue shift at inertial frequency is identified. We find that the averaged near-internal frequency in upper 400 m is 1.167 f0 for zonal near-inertial currents and 1.170 f0 for meridional near-inertial currents (where f0 is the local inertial frequency). This blue shift is connected with the downward propagation of near-inertial waves and input of positive relative vorticity. In the aspect of thermodynamic response, the temperature rises in the upper layer between 40–250 m depth, due to the stirring induced by strong wind, and the maximum increased temperature amplitude is about 1℃. In addition, the decrease of salinity above 70 m may be related to the precipitation caused by the Typhoon. While the upwelling induced by Ekman pumping may have significant contribution to the increase of salinity at the depth of 70–100 m.

near-inertial oscillations  /  energy spectrum  /  dynamic response  /  thermodynamic response  /  South China Sea
张骞, 廖光洪, 蔺飞龙, 金魏芳, 梁楚进. 南海西北部上层海洋对台风“杜苏芮”的响应分析. 海洋学报, 2019 , 41 (7) : 22 -35 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2019.07.003
Qian Zhang, Guanghong Liao, Feilong Lin, Weifang Jin, Chujin Liang. Analysis of upper ocean response to Typhoon Doksuri in the northwest South China Sea[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2019 , 41 (7) : 22 -35 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2019.07.003
当具有较高时空变化的风场作用于海洋时,会在混合层激发频率接近于惯性频率的流动,经过地转调整,混合层的近惯性能量会以近惯性内波的形式向温跃层乃至海洋深层辐射[1-2],由于这一运动的频率接近惯性频率,故被称为近惯性振荡。Webster[3]指出,近惯性振荡广泛存在于全球大洋的各个纬度和深度上,其生成与表面风应力有关。之后,Pollard[4]结合观测资料和数值模拟进一步证实风是海洋内部近惯性频率运动产生的主要动力学因素,特别是热带气旋的过境,可以在海洋混合层乃至海洋内部引发一系列的动力学和热力学响应[5-6]
对于台风引起的海洋近惯性响应,前人已有很多发现。Sanford等[7-8]通过对台风Frances过境前后的剖面流速的变化,发现其在混合层激发的近惯性流速高达1.6 m/s;Teague等[9]对2004年台风Ivan的观测资料分析发现,Ivan在混合层激发的近惯性流速甚至超过2 m/s;Zedler等[10]观测了混合层的强近惯性运动及温跃层存在的大振幅内重力波,提出近惯性能量向下传播;对数值模拟的分析表明,近惯性振荡的能量主要集中在混合层,大多数能量直接耗散,其他部分则向下或向更远处传递。台风引起的近惯性运动的衰减是由近惯性内波的水平传播、垂向传播及局地耗散引起的,其衰减周期一般为1周至十几天[9, 11]。研究也发现惯性振荡的频率存在“蓝移”[12-16]现象,即大多数情况下振荡频率要略高于局地的惯性频率;在少数情况下,振荡频率也会低于惯性频率,发生“红移”[17-19]。理论认为,中尺度过程会对近惯性振荡的传播起到调制作用,如中尺度涡、洋流等,正(负)相对涡度的输入会导致近惯性振荡的频率高于(低于)惯性频率f0引起频率的蓝移(红移)[20-22]
热带气旋作为一个复杂的海气耦合系统,会在上层海洋引起一系列的热力学响应。历史海洋观测及卫星图像发现强烈的飓风作用会对海洋表面造成2~6℃的降温[5, 10, 23]。Sanford等[8]基于3个EM-APEX浮标的观测资料发现,飓风Frances(2004)经过后海洋表层降温最显著,达2.2℃,并指出表层的降温主要是由于剪切引起的垂向混合将下层较冷的海水带到表层所致。最近基于数值模式和观测资料研究海洋对台风Kalmaegi的响应分析指出,台风影响下温盐的异常在垂向上表现为3层结构:表层降温且盐度升高,次表层升温且盐度降低,更深层则再次表现为降温高盐[24]。由台风引起的海表降温的幅度可能与以下几个因素有关[8]:风应力强度及持续时间,表面重力波场以及初始的温度密度剖面的分布状况。
南海是西太平洋最大的边缘海之一,也是台风多发的海域。Chu等[25]利用POM模式,首次模拟了南海上层海洋对1996年台风Ernie的动力学和热力学响应。Liu等[26]研究发现在台风“帕布”(2007)的作用下,内波尺度耗散率、湍流耗散系数和混合率都提升了一个量级;Liu等[27]同样是在研究台风“帕布”时浅水区的底层流在台风过境后显著增强。高大鲁等[28]基于南海北部海域观测资料发现,台风影响下垂向各层海水温度快速降低,最大降温发生在观测上层,降温约5.7℃,且海温的日变化特征消失。Yang等[18]分析了南海北部浅水区3个台风作用期间海水温度的变化,发现近表层水温均有不同程度的降低,在台风Damrey影响下上层海洋热通量降低11.65%,并且由于垂向混合的加剧,海水层结被破坏。
南海西北部内潮旺盛,中尺度涡旋频发,同时存在季节性变化的西边界流,海洋过程复杂,在该区域,Liu等[29]深入分析了台风期间近惯性内波与内潮的相互作用,对中小尺度能量的传递进行了深入的分析。综上所述,海洋上层对台风的响应已经有了一些普遍性的结论,但由于现场连续观测资料的匮乏,其作用机制尚不清楚,很多研究主要基于数值模式和卫星观测资料进行。尤其是台风作用下,海洋上层能量的分布和耗散过程,缺乏相关的分析和定量的结果。我们于2017年7月25日至11月17日在南海西北部陆坡区布放的一套锚系资料很好地记录了台风“杜苏芮”作用下,南海近惯性振荡产生和发展的过程,为台风作用下海洋近惯性振荡的研究提供了珍贵的资料。基于该锚系资料,我们希望通过对比分析台风“杜苏芮”影响前后观测海域流场的变化情况,进一步研究该海域中小尺度能量传递过程,并给出了定量的观测结果,特别是台风驱动下,背景涡度对中小尺度能量传播和耗散的影响;同时结合温盐观测资料分析台风引起的海水热力学响应。
投放在南海西北部陆坡区(17.45°N,110.58°E)的锚碇潜标,记录了该站位2017年7月25日至11月17日不同深度上的流速及温盐信息。该站位水深1 340 m,具有40.02 h的惯性周期,南海地形及站位位置如图1所示。锚系潜标上搭载有3台声学多普勒流速剖面仪(ADCP)用来记录海水流速信息,在水深80 m处同时设置1台300 kHz的ADCP向上观测海水流速和1台75 kHz的ADCP向下观测流速;在近海底1 320 m深度,设置1台600 kHz的ADCP向下观测底流。由于台风对海洋流场的影响主要表现在海洋上层,所以本文研究所采用海流数据由上层2台ADCP所提供。300 kHz的ADCP共观测25层,每层间隔4 m,采样时间间隔为3 min;75 kHz的ADCP的观测层数为35层,层厚16 m,采样时间间隔为3 min,因此利用两台ADCP可以得到锚碇站位约620 m以浅的流速资料(锚系潜标结构如图2所示)。本文选取上层400 m以浅作为研究深度,由于海面的起伏和海表波浪的影响,表层资料的观测存在一定的缺失。温盐资料来源于锚系上搭载的18台温盐深传感器,依次在水深60 m、70 m、80 m、90 m、100 m、110 m、120 m、130 m、140 m、150 m、160 m、180 m、200 m、220 m、240 m、260 m、280 m、300 m处,组成1条温度、盐度链,采样时间间隔为2 min。此外,风速观测数据来自于站位西北约165 km处崖城平台(17.509°N,109.025°E)上的观测资料。卫星观测的海面高度及地转流速资料来自于哥白尼海洋环境监测服务中心(CMEMS)(http://marine. copernicus.eu/),时间分辨率为1 d,空间分辨率(1/4)°。
台风信息来自于温州台风网(http://www.wztf121.com/history.html)和日本气象厅(http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/indexe.html)的数据资料。位于西太平洋上的低压中心向西移动,于2017年9月12日在菲律宾南部形成热带风暴,并以约20 km/h速度向西移动进入南海。台风“杜苏芮”于9月14日14时在海南岛东南部海域加强至台风级别,约9月14日21时台风中心到达距站位最近位置,此时台风中心距离站位57 km,最大风速达40 m/s,台风中心继续以约19 km/h的速度向西北方向移动,并于9月15日4时进一步加强至强台风,最大风速达42 m/s,而后维持强台风强度并于9月15日12时在越南东部登陆。图1给出了观测站位及“杜苏芮”路径,并用不同的标注表示台风强度。根据日本气象厅的定义,将平均风速在15 m/s以上的区域定义为强风域,并给出了围绕台风中心的强风域半径(图1中黄色虚线)。图1中给出了9月14日3时和9月15日9时台风强风域的范围,强风域半径分别为440 km和390 km,强风域范围在两个时刻分别覆盖和即将远离锚碇观测站,因此可以把9月14日3时至15日9时定义为台风经过站位的时间。本文研究上层海洋对台风“杜苏芮”的响应,所选的时间段为9月1–30日。
由于热带气旋具有很强的风应力,在其影响范围内,海气界面强烈的动量交换将能量输入到海洋上层,通常在海洋混合层激发出很强的流速响应[30]图3a图3c分别为崖城平台风速和锚系站位海洋上层400 m以浅的流速分量的时间变化序列,其中黑色虚线表示台风中心距离站位最近的时刻(9月14日21时)。由于崖城平台相对于锚系站位位于“杜苏芮”前进路径的后方,因此图3a中的风速最大的时刻滞后于台风距离锚系站位距离最近的时刻,滞后时间约6 h,与台风中心所到达位置相吻合。我们取9月1日至14日3时(强风域半径覆盖站位前)作为“杜苏芮”影响前的背景场进行分析,“杜苏芮”经过前,上层海洋背景场流速振幅不超过0.30 m/s,50 m以浅的表层和150 m以深的部分流速较强,而在50 m和150 m之间流速相对较弱。计算台风作用前海洋上层的平均流速及流向随深度的分布情况,如图3d所示,30 m以浅平均流速在0.18 m/s左右;30 m以深平均流速随深度减小,到100 m深度附近平均流速达最小值,约为0.07 m/s;约100~300 m深度平均流速随深度再次增大,在300 m处增大至0.20 m/s左右;300 m以深的平均流速随深度的变化范围很小。75 m以浅,上层平均流向随深度存在较小的变化(图3e),流向接近270°,即以西向为主;75~130 m,平均流向随深度的增加呈顺时针方向变化,至130 m深度处平均流向接近50°;130~400 m深度流向较稳定,在50°~55°范围之间,即为东北向。
从“杜苏芮”到达锚碇站位开始,上层海洋流速显著增强,流速最大区域位于约50 m以浅的混合层内,以纬向流为例,最大流速可达1.20 m/s。同时,上层海洋流速表现出明显的近惯性周期的振荡,在“杜苏芮”作用之前,50 m以浅的流速同样存在周期性震荡,但强度上要弱得多。
为了进一步分析“杜苏芮”作用前后海流的变化情况,图4给出了锚系站位上流速1 h平均后的前进矢量图[31]。如图4a,对于表层30 m深度处,“杜苏芮”影响前,在9月1–8日期间,流向整体偏西南方向,而在9月8–14日期间,流向转为偏西向,与该深度上背景流平均流向偏西向相一致。通过对比相同时间间隔内矢量线的长度可以判断出流速大小的变化,在“杜苏芮”影响前明显看出流速较小并伴随着顺时针方向旋转。进一步计算得到“杜苏芮”影响前流向顺时针旋转1周所用的时间在24 h左右,而该地的惯性周期约40 h,此时观测到流向的变化主要受全日潮的调制。9月14日3时之后,在“杜苏芮”影响下,流速迅速增大且流向顺时针变化显著,计算表明顺时针旋转1周的时间在36~40 h之间,与观测站位的惯性周期相当,意味着这一时期的表层海水以台风影响下的近惯性运动为主导。流向的顺时针旋转特征在9月21日之后明显减弱,同时,流速减小,这与图3中流速的变化特征一致。9月21–26日期间流向整体为西向,同样存在流向顺时针旋转的特征,9月27日之后,流向先向东北,之后转为接近正北向,流向的顺时针旋转特征消失。
50 m深度流速的前进矢量图(图4b)与30 m深度处有相似的变化特征,主要的区别为流速相对于30 m处较小。100 m深度处(图4c)在“杜苏芮”影响之前,流向的变化复杂,9月1–4日流向主要为西北向;9月4–5日流向为西偏南;9月5–14日,流向整体表现为东北向。9月14日3时之后,100 m深度上流速同样在“杜苏芮”影响下明显增大,仍可以看出在台风作用下流向顺时针旋转的过程,一直持续到9月23日前后。此后,100 m深度上海水运动相对稳定,流向基本为东北向。在150 m深度上(图4d)海水的运动相比于上层有很大的不同,流速始终较小且流速、流向的变化较为稳定,流向整体表现为东北向。9月14日3时之后在“杜苏芮”影响下,仍然可以观察到流向顺时针的变化,但由于150 m深度上流速相对较小,这一流向的变化并不明显。“杜苏芮”影响下流速的顺时针变化持续到9月24日,这期间整体流向偏北,9月25日之后流向再次转为东北向。150 m以深,流速大小及流向均十分稳定,流向始终为东北向,观察不到流向的顺时针旋转(图略)。
为了分析“杜苏芮”影响下,海水近惯性运动的特征,本文采用3阶巴特沃兹滤波器对流速分量进行带通滤波,提取上层海洋近惯性频段(0.8f~1.2ff为惯性频率)的流速。
图5所示,在台风“杜苏芮”中心到达(图5中黑色虚线)前受风场强迫的影响,近惯性振荡在混合层中激发并逐渐加强。以纬向流为例,台风中心距离站位最近时,表层近惯性流速振幅达0.30 m/s,随着时间推移近惯性流速进一步加强并向更深处传播,近惯性流速振幅在垂向上存在两个高值区,分别位于混合层和温跃层深度上。混合层近惯性流纬向分量的最大值出现在9月16日5时,达0.59 m/s。约9月21日后近惯性流速振幅明显减弱,超过0.20 m/s的近惯性流一直持续到约9月22日上午。温跃层近惯性振荡要弱于混合层,近惯性振荡纬向分量在温跃层的最大值出现在9月19日10时,达0.33 m/s。在混合层与温跃层之间,约50 m深度附近存在一个过渡带,该深度上近惯性流速相对上下两层较小,一个可能的原因是由于温跃层较强的层结,惯性波在温跃层发生反射,入射波和反射波叠加产生驻波,能量较小处相应于波节位置。从图5可以看出明显的向上传递的相速度,尤其在50 m以深的部分,表明向下的能量传递。近惯性振荡在200 m以深相对减弱,弱的近惯性运动会继续向下传播,约能达到350 m的深度,这一结果稍微深于前人在南海的研究结果[16, 18, 24],可能是因为台风“杜苏芮”强度较大,且锚碇站位距台风路径较近,更好地捕捉到海洋对台风的响应信号。
上层海洋近惯性动能基于下式进行估计:
${E_f} = \frac{1}{2}{\rho _0}\left( {\bar u_f^2 + \bar v_f^2} \right),$
式中,ufvf分别为纬向和经向近惯性流速分量,“–”表示在局地惯性周期(约40 h)的平均;取海水密度ρ0为常数,ρ0=1 024 kg/m3(密度的变化对动能估计的影响约为自身量值的1/1 000,基本可以忽略)。
在台风“杜苏芮”影响下,近惯性能量首先在混合层迅速增强,并随着时间推移,近惯性能量向更深层传播。与近惯性流速分布类似,图6a中近惯性能量在垂向分布上存在两个高值中心,分别位于混合层(34 m)和温跃层(74 m)。混合层上近惯性能量最大值出现在9月17日的0时,最大值达142.4 J/m3,这一结果要大于前人研究的结果。原因是台风“杜苏芮”强度较大,在经过站位时已由强热带风暴升级为台风,且观测站位距台风路径非常近。温跃层上的近惯性动能的最大值为49.0 J/m3,这一峰值的出现要滞后混合层峰值出现的时间,出现在9月17日24时前后。基于能量高值中心在各深度层之间传播的迟滞时间,可以估算得到近惯性内波的垂向群速度为0.046 cm/s。这一结果相比于Brooks[32]计算的0.07 cm/s,Zheng等[33]计算的0.10 cm/s以及Yang和Hou[16]得到的0.08 cm/s的结果略小,主要与局地混合层与温跃层之间较强的层结有关。
图6b比较了混合层(34 m)、温跃层(74 m)以及更深的100 m层上近惯性能量随时间的变化序列,其中黑色实线为100 m以浅平均的结果。混合层近惯性能量的增大值最早出现在9月12日14时左右,此时“杜苏芮”中心位于菲律宾南部,即将进入南海,其强度为热带风暴。由图6b可知混合层的近惯性动能要远大于温跃层及海洋更深处,并且温跃层74 m深度上近惯性能量峰值出现的时间滞后于混合层,表明能量的向下传播。通常将近惯性能量从最大值衰减到最大值的1/e所需时间定义为近惯性能量的e折时间尺度,用来衡量近惯性能量衰减速度。由4条曲线上近惯性动能的时间变化序列计算得到的e折时间尺度约为3.7 d。Teague等[9]研究发现飓风Frances(2004)激发的近惯性运动在海洋上层能持续一周以上;Qi等[11]基于潜标观测3个风暴引起的近惯性流,发现混合层近惯性振荡的衰减时间尺度在10 d以上,与其他海域相比,该区域的近惯性能量衰减的e折时间尺度明显偏小,表明该区域近惯性能量以较快的速度衰减。关于近惯性能量衰减迅速的原因将在下文中讨论。
为了对比“杜苏芮”作用前后的流场特征,本文以强风域到达站位的时间(9月14日3时)为界,对“杜苏芮”影响前(9月1日至14日3时)和影响后(9月14日3时至9月30日)的上层海洋原始流速分别作能量谱分析。为了更清晰地表示出能量谱的变化,用下式计算能谱大小:
$P_{s}=10 \log _{10}\left(P / P_{r}\right),$
式中,P表示能量谱密度(单位:(m2/s2)/cpd);Pr为参考能谱密度。通常Pr选取计算得到的能谱密度的最小值,因此用Ps表示的能谱密度在最小值处即为0(dB),本文取Pr的值为10−7 (m2/s2)/cpd。
以纬向流为例,能量谱结果如图7所示。“杜苏芮”影响前(图7a),能量谱显示能量主要集中在全日潮频率附近,在整个研究深度上都存在显著的谱峰,表明该站位显著的全日潮特征;其次,在半日潮频率上也有较集中的能谱密度,惯性频率上虽然也有较强的能谱密度,但并不在该频率上集中。相应的在图7c中,可以看到不同深度的能谱曲线在全日频率和半日频率上表现出明显的谱峰。比较“杜苏芮”影响后的谱密度分布情况(图7b),局地惯性频率附近表现出显著的谱密度集中,从图7d中可以看到惯性频率附近显著的谱峰,同时全日和半日频率上的能谱密度相比“杜苏芮”作用前有所减弱。
为了定量的比较不同频率上谱密度量值的大小,我们将不同频率上的谱密度从表层到400 m深度上积分,并定义PSDR(Power Spectrum Density Ratio)为不同频率上能量谱密度的比例系数,结果如表1所示。杜苏芮作用前f、K1、M2频率上谱密度的大小分别为0.68 (m2/s2)/cpd、5.84 (m2/s2)/cpd和0.26 (m2/s2)/cpd,PSDR为10:86:4。“杜苏芮”作用后,计算得到的惯性频率上的谱密度为19.97 (m2/s2)/cpd,相对于“杜苏芮”作用前增大了约29.4倍。K1、M2频率上谱密度的大小分别为2.04 (m2/s2)/cpd、0.24 (m2/s2)/cpd,相对于“杜苏芮”作用前均有所减弱。3个频率上能量谱密度的比值PSDR约为90:9:1,表明在台风作用下海水运动以近惯性周期的震荡为主导。
分析近惯性频带上能谱密度的垂向分布状况,能谱密度在100 m以浅最显著,且垂向深度可达400 m。同时发现近惯性频率上谱密度的峰值并不在局地惯性频率上,而是向较高频处发生偏移,即所谓的“蓝移”现象,并且随深度的加深,这一偏移逐渐增大。
由于能谱上频率分辨率的限制,为了更好地确定近惯性振荡的峰值频率,本文采用基于最小二乘法的曲线拟合方法[34],将近惯性速度拟合成方程的形式,
$U(t)=a_{0}+a_{1} \sin \left(2{\text π} f_{i}+a_{2}\right)+R(t),$
式中,U(t)为近惯性速度(uivi);a0a1a2为待确定的拟合参数;fi为试验频率;R(t)代表残差。对于每个深度上的流速数据,我们将fi从0.9 f0到1.3 f0,(f0为局地惯性频率)以10−3 f0为步长依次代入式(3),根据最小残差确定不同深度上最佳拟合频率fi,由此得到近惯性振荡的频率随深度分布,如图8。局地计算的惯性频率为0.599 7 cpd,对应约40.02 h的惯性周期。图8横坐标表示近惯性振荡的频率与局地惯性频率的比值,与图7b中近惯性频带上谱密度的峰值分布一致,近惯性振荡的频率整体表现为随深度加深而增大,uv方向的近惯性流速分量的分析结果类似。最上层振荡具有1.027 f0的近惯性频率,对应38.96 h的振荡周期;在150 m深度上近惯性振荡的频率达到约1.19 f0,并在220 m以深随深度增加再次增大;在约300 m深度上近惯性振荡频率达到最大,约1.27 f0,对应约31.51 h的振荡周期。计算得到uv方向400 m以浅平均的近惯性振荡频率分别为1.167 f0和1.170 f0,相应的周期为34.29 h和34.20 h。“蓝移”的发生与内波的向下传播有关,能自由传播的内波的频率介于局地惯性频率f0和浮力频率N之间,只有超惯性频率的波才能从表面向下传播,因此大多数近惯性振荡的频率要高于局地惯性频率 f0表现出蓝移的特征[35]。此外,背景涡度的输入会对近惯性振荡的频率产生调制作用[21]图9为基于CMEMS提供的卫星高度计数据得到的,“杜苏芮”作用期间南海地转流场分布情况。9月14日锚碇观测站位于反气旋涡控制区域,9月16–24日,受南部逐渐加强的气旋涡的影响,正的相对涡度的输入使近惯性振荡的频率高于惯性频率 f0。近惯性振荡的频移可以用下式表示[18]
$f_{\rm eff}=f_{0}+\frac{\zeta}{2}=f_{0}+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{{\text ∂} v_{0}}{{\text ∂} x}-\frac{{\text ∂} u_{0}}{{\text ∂} y}\right),$
式中,feff表示考虑相对涡度作用下的有效科氏频率;ζ是由背景流(u0v0)计算的相对涡度;u0v0由CMEMS提供的卫星观测资料得到。图10给出了“杜苏芮”影响期间9月14–25日表面相对涡度的时间序列,相对涡度的计算由锚系站位1° × 1°范围内区域平均计算得到。9月14日,站位处于反气旋控制区域,相对涡度为负,之后,气旋对站位的影响逐渐显著,相对涡度增大,到9月20日达到最大值0.044 f0。9月15–25日,相对涡度作用下的有效科氏频率feff的平均值为1.009 f0,表明正涡度的输入使表层近惯性振荡存在“蓝移”现象。
基于锚系上温度链观测数据,可得到上层海洋温盐剖面随时间的变化情况(图11),图中等温线的日变化与日辐射有关。不同于前人观测的结果,图11a显示在“杜苏芮”作用前后,等温线的变化情况并没有明显改变。为了更直观地对比温度的变化,分别对“杜苏芮”经过前5天时间(9月9日21时至14日20时)和“杜苏芮”经过后5天(9月14日21时至19日20时)内的温度序列求平均,结果如图12a。台风“杜苏芮”经过后,该海区40~250 m深度上表现为微弱的增温现象,图12b显示最大增温出现在50 m,温度增加幅度不超过1℃,100~250 m深度上的增温均不超过0.5℃。已有的文献表明,台风过境期间,表层降温,上层包括混合层由于强风的搅拌作用,会出现增温,因此我们认为50 m深度的增温可能主要是上层的暖水搅拌引起的[24]。此外,从图9的背景地转流场可以看出,在锚碇站位的东侧存在一个较强的暖涡,受暖涡的平流影响也可能对观测站位上层海水增温具有一定贡献。由于表层温度观测资料的缺测,40 m以浅的温度变化情况并不明确。
台风作用前后上层海水盐度的变化如图11b,“杜苏芮”影响下,盐度等值线出现明显的起伏,Zhang等[24]对台风Kalmaegi的研究也有类似的发现,并指出这一起伏变化是由台风作用下的近惯性抽吸作用造成的。从图12c图12d盐度的变化情况可知,70 m以浅深度上盐度在“杜苏芮”作用期间降低,从盐度的变化趋势上看,越接近海表盐度的降低幅度越大,40 m深度上盐度降低了0.14。70~100 m深度上,盐度在“杜苏芮”作用期间增加,盐度增加的最大值约为0.10,出现在上层80 m深度上。台风期间带来的大量降水应是表层盐度降低的原因之一,而Ekman抽吸引起的上升流则可能导致了温跃层70~100 m深度上盐度的增加。
通常认为近惯性能量衰减有以下3种途径:水平方向的辐射、垂直方向上能量向海洋内部的传递和局地的耗散作用。由于观测资料的限制,无法估计近惯性内波在水平方向上传播及辐散过程中的能量损失,Zhai等[36]基于三维数值模式诊断发现,在开边界处积分的水平能通量远小于垂直能通量,水平辐散的能量通常认为可以忽略。因此重点讨论垂直向下的传递和局地耗散在能量衰减过程中的作用。
图13为水平近惯性流速分量的垂向剪切。沿垂向剖面,最强的剪切位于混合层底和温跃层顶之间,约40~70 m深度范围。强的剪切作用表明该深度上活跃的动量交换,该区域作为一个过渡带将混合层的能量以近惯性内波的形式辐射到海洋内部。因此,在上文图6中,相速度在该过渡层上下具有不同特征,混合层以深具有明显向上传递的相速度,而在混合层,向上的相速度并不明显。
台风作用下,强烈的风应力造成混合层流速和混合层底剪切的极大增强,进而引起流体剪切不稳定而触发混合,导致近惯性能量的局地耗散[37]。本文利用理查森数Ri作为衡量混合强度的一个重要指标,当Ri小于临界值0.25时,表示由剪切不稳定而触发混合。为便于在图像中显示,在实际计算中取理查森数的倒数Ri−1
$Ri^{-1}=S^{2} / N^{2},$
式中,N 2为浮频率,代表海水本身的稳定度,${N^2} = - \displaystyle\frac{g}{\rho }\frac{{{\rm d}\rho }}{{{\rm d}z}}$S2表示水平流速的垂向剪切的平方,${S^2} = {\left( {\displaystyle\frac{{ \text{∂} u}}{{\text{∂} z}}} \right)^2} + {\left( {\displaystyle\frac{{\text{∂} v}}{{\text{∂} z}}} \right)^2}$。由于观测的温盐数据在海洋上表层缺测值较多,且温盐数据的垂向分辨率较低,又由上文图12可知台风作用前后温度和盐度的变化相对并不显著,因此,采用WOA2013在9月份观测的密度数据来计算浮力频率,定性地分析垂向的混合情况。
一般认为,当Ri数小于0.25时,流动的剪切不稳定将触发混合,因此,Ri−1越大且越接近4时,越容易引起剪切不稳定而触发混合。图14显示,在“杜苏芮”作用之前,Ri−1远小于触发混合的临界值;而在“杜苏芮”作用期间,海表面及50~70 m深度上Ri−1显著增大且局部接近甚至超过触发混合的临界值,表明强烈的剪切不稳定可能触发了局地强混合,而这种强混合则是能量局地耗散的一种重要方式。
下面我们关注近惯性能量的垂向传播,上文中,基于能量高值中心在各深度层之间传播的迟滞时间,估算了混合层34 m与温跃层74 m之间近惯性内波的垂向群速度为0.046 cm/s。用这一群速度代替两层之间各深度上的垂向群速度,若仅考虑近惯性能量的垂向传播,而忽略水平能量辐散的影响,参考管守德[30]的方法,定性的估算出近惯性能量衰减的理论e折时间尺度Te:
$Te = \frac{{\displaystyle\int_H^0 {{E_f}} (z){\rm d}z}}{{{C_{gz}}(H) \times {E_f}(H)}},$
式中,H代表深度值;CgzEf分别为该深度上近惯性内波的垂向群速度和动能;H分别取34 m和74 m,近惯性动能的深度剖面分别取图7b中两深度近惯性动能曲线上最大值所对应的时刻,由于潜标流速观测最上层只能到10 m,因此,10 m以浅的近惯性动能值简单的认为与10 m处相同。根据上述公式,仅考虑近惯性能量的垂向传播的情况下,计算得到的34 m和74 m深度上近惯性动能衰减的理论e折尺度分别为5.0 d和5.4 d,因此近惯性内波的垂向传播所占的比重约为65%~70%,在近惯性能量衰减过程中起主要作用。
本文基于锚碇观测资料,分析了南海北部陆坡区在台风“杜苏芮”作用期间的一系列动力学和热力学响应。在动力学响应过程中,“杜苏芮”作用期间上层流速显著增强,混合层纬向流速可达1.20 m/s。“杜苏芮”经过后上层海水运动以近惯性振荡为主,流速的前进矢量图显示受台风影响的海流呈现顺时针方向旋转,且旋转周期在36~40 h之间,与当地近惯性周期相一致。近惯性能量在垂向分布上存在两个高值中心,分别位于混合层和温跃层深度上,约50 m深度附近存在一个过渡带。能量耗散过程的e折时间尺度约为3.7 d,我们认为能量的向下传播在局地近惯性能量衰减过程中起主要作用。同时在能量谱分析中发现,“杜苏芮”作用期间近惯性频率能量相对于“杜苏芮”作用前增大了约29.4倍,而全日和半日(K1和M2)频率能量有所减弱。此外,近惯性频率“蓝移”现象明显,采用最小二乘曲线拟合的方法进一步得到纬向和经向流速400 m以浅平均的近惯性振荡频率分别为1.167 f0和1.170 f0,内波的向下传递和正的相对涡度的输入均对近惯性频率的漂移起作用。在热力学方面,“杜苏芮”作用期间40~250 m深度均出现较小增温,最大增温幅度不足1℃;此外台风过境时的降水是70 m以浅盐度降低的原因之一,而Ekman抽吸引起的上升流则可能对70~100 m深度盐度的升高具有重要作用。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2017YFA0604104);国家自然科学基金(41376033,41506026);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2017B04314);国家海洋局第二海洋研究所基本科研业务费专项项目(JT1506)。
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
1
Rossby C G. On the mutual adjustment of pressure and velocity distributions in certain simple current systems[J]. Journal of Marine Research, 1938, 1(1): 15−28.
2
Gill A E. On the behavior of internal waves in the wakes of storms[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1984, 14(7): 1129−1151.
3
Webster F. Observations of inertial-period motions in the deep sea[J]. Reviews of Geophysics, 1968, 6(4): 473−490.
4
Pollard R T. On the generation by winds of inertial waves in the ocean[J]. Deep Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts, 1970, 17(4): 795−812.
5
Price J F. Upper ocean response to a hurricane[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1981, 11(2): 153−175.
6
Price J F. Internal wave wake of a moving storm. Part I. Scales, energy budget and observations[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1983, 13(6): 949−965.
7
Sanford T B, Price J F, Girton J B, et al. Highly resolved observations and simulations of the ocean response to a hurricane[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2007, 34(13): L13604.
8
Sanford T B, Price J F, Girton J B. Upper-ocean response to hurricane Frances (2004) observed by profiling EM-APEX floats[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 2011, 41(6): 1041−1056.
9
Teague W J, Jarosz E, Wang D W, et al. Observed oceanic response over the upper continental slope and outer shelf during hurricane Ivan[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 2007, 37(9): 2181−2206.
10
Zedler S E, Dickey T D, Doney S C, et al. Analyses and simulations of the upper ocean's response to Hurricane Felix at the Bermuda Testbed Mooring site: 13-23 August 1995[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2002, 107(25): 3232.
11
Qi H B, De Szoeke R A, Paulson C A, et al. The structure of near-inertial waves during ocean storms[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1995, 25(11): 2853−2871.
12
Shay L K, Elsberry R T. Near-inertial ocean current response to Hurricane Frederic[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1987, 17(8): 1249−1269.
13
Shay L K, Chang S W, Elsberry R T. Free surface effects on the near-inertial ocean current response to a hurricane[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1990, 20(9): 1405−1424.
14
Sun L, Zheng Q A, Tang T Y, et al. Upper ocean near-inertial response to 1998 Typhoon Faith in the South China Sea[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2012, 31(2): 25−32.
15
Sun Lu, Zheng Quanan, Wang Dongxiao, et al. A case study of near-inertial oscillation in the South China Sea using mooring observations and satellite altimeter data[J]. Journal of Oceanography, 2011, 67(6): 677−687.
16
Yang Bing, Hou Yijun. Near-inertial waves in the wake of 2011 Typhoon Nesat in the northern South China Sea[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2014, 33(11): 102−111.
17
Lin Feilong, Liang Chujin, Hou Yijun, et al. Observation of interactions between internal tides and near-inertial waves after typhoon passage in the northern South China Sea[J]. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 2015, 33(5): 1279−1285.
18
Yang Bing, Hou Yijun, Hu Po, et al. Shallow ocean response to tropical cyclones observed on the continental shelf of the northwestern South China Sea[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2015, 120(5): 3817−3836.
19
Liu Junliang, Cai Shuqun, Wang Dongxiao, et al. A case study of the near-inertial oscillations near the Xisha Islands in the South China Sea during the passage of typhoon Conson 2010[J]. Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, 2015, 18(4): 367−377.
20
Zhai Xiaoming, Greatbatch R J, Eden C. Spreading of near-inertial energy in a 1/12° model of the North Atlantic Ocean[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2007, 341(10): L10609.
21
Kunze E, Schmitt R W, Toole J M. The energy balance in a warm-core ring’s near-inertial critical layer[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1995, 25(5): 942−957.
22
Kunze E. Near-inertial wave propagation in geostrophic shear[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1985, 15(5): 544−565.
23
Emanuel K A. Thermodynamic control of hurricane intensity[J]. Nature, 1999, 401(6754): 665−669.
24
Zhang Han, Chen Dake, Zhou Lei, et al. Upper ocean response to typhoon Kalmaegi (2014)[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2016, 121(8): 6520−6535.
25
Chu P C, Veneziano J M, Fan C W, et al. Response of the South China Sea to tropical cyclone Ernie[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2000, 105(C6): 13991−14009.
26
Liu J, Cai S, Wang S. Currents and mixing in the northern South China Sea[J]. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 2010, 28: 974−980.
27
Liu J, Cai S, Wang S. Observations of strong near-bottom current after the passage of Typhoon Pabuk in the South China Sea[J]. Journal of Marine Systems, 2011, 87(1): 102−108.
28
高大鲁, 王新怡, 李秉天, 等. 南海北部海域对台风尼格的响应特征分析[J]. 中国海洋大学学报, 2016, 46(6): 8−13, 28.
Gao Dalu, Wang Xinyi, Li Bingtian, et al. On the response of the upper ocean of Northern South China Sea to Typhoon Nalgae[J]. Periodical of Ocean University of China, 2016, 46(6): 8−13, 28.
29
Liu Junliang, He Yinghui, Li Juan, et al. Cases study of nonlinear interaction between near-inertial waves induced by typhoon and diurnal tides near the Xisha Islands[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2018, 123(4): 2768−2784.
30
管守德. 南海北部近惯性振荡研究[D]. 青岛: 中国海洋大学, 2014.
Guan Shoude. Near inertial oscillations in the northern South China Sea[D]. Qingdao: Ocean University of China, 2014.
31
袁耀初, 赵进平, 王惠群, 等. 南海东北部450 m以浅水层与深层海流观测结果及其谱分析[J]. 中国科学: D辑, 2002, 45(11): 1008−1026.
Yuan Yaochu, Zhao Jinping, Wang Huiqun, et al. Current measurements and spectral analyses in the upper 450 m and deep layers of the northeastern South China Sea[J]. Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences, 2002, 45(11): 1008−1026.
32
Brooks D A. The wake of hurricane Allen in the western Gulf of Mexico[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1983, 13(1): 117−129.
33
Zheng Quan’an, Lai R J, Huang N E, et al. Observation of ocean current response to 1998 Hurricane Georges in the Gulf of Mexico[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2006, 25(1): 1−14.
34
Sun Zhenyu, Hu Jianyu, Zheng Quanan, et al. Strong near-inertial oscillations in geostrophic shear in the northern South China Sea[J]. Journal of Oceanography, 2011, 67(4): 377−384.
35
廖光洪, 袁耀初, Arata K, et al. 吕宋海峡ADCP观测的450 m以浅水层内潮特征分析[J]. 中国科学: 地球科学, 2011, 54(7): 1078−1074.
Liao Guanghong, Yuan Yaochu, Arata K, et al. Analysis of internal tidal characteristics in the layer above 450 m from acoustic Doppler current profiler observations in the Luzon Strait[J]. Science China: Earth Sciences, 2011, 54(7): 1078−1074.
36
Zhai Xiaoming, Greatbatch R J, Eden C, et al. On the loss of wind-induced near-inertial energy to turbulent mixing in the upper ocean[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 2009, 39(11): 3040−3045.
37
Guan Shoude, Zhao Wei, Huthnance J, et al. Observed upper ocean response to typhoon Megi (2010) in the northern South China Sea[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2014, 119(5): 3134−3157.
2019年第41卷第7期
PDF下载
125
55
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2019.07.003
  • 接收时间:2018-07-04
  • 首发时间:2026-04-02
  • 出版时间:2019-07-25
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2018-07-04
  • 修回日期:2018-10-09
基金
国家重点研发计划(2017YFA0604104);国家自然科学基金(41376033,41506026);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2017B04314);国家海洋局第二海洋研究所基本科研业务费专项项目(JT1506)。
作者信息
    1 自然资源部第二海洋研究所 卫星海洋环境动力学国家重点实验室,浙江 杭州 310012
    2 河海大学 海洋学院,江苏 南京 210098

通讯作者:

*廖光洪(1977—),男,湖北省恩施市人,教授,从事中小尺度海洋过程研究。E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/CN/10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2019.07.003
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏