Article(id=1244313110224421365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1244313103459008874, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.12.005, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1564588800000, receivedDateStr=2019-08-01, revisedDate=1573056000000, revisedDateStr=2019-11-07, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774596963696, onlineDateStr=2026-03-27, pubDate=1608825600000, pubDateStr=2020-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774596963696, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774596963696, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774596963696, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1244313103459008874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2020', volume='42', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='128', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774596962084, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774597044552, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1244313449409393475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1244313103459008874, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1244313449409393476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1244313103459008874, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=44, endPage=53, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1244313110564160022, articleId=1244313110224421365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=Variations in the abundance and spatial distribution of Ommastrephes bartramii in the Northwest Pacific Ocean based on photosynthetic active radiation, columnId=1194652705852465724, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) plays a significant role in regulating ocean primary productivity, so it may indirectly affect the abundance and spatial distribution of cephalopods. In this study, we examined the relationship between photosynthetic active radiation and Ommastrephes bartramii stocks in the Northwest Pacific Ocean, and evaluated the impacts of the anomalous climatic environments on the squid stocks, based on the fishery data during 2006−2015 obtained from the squid-jigging Science and Technology Group of Shanghai Ocean University and the remotely satellite data of PAR. The results indicated that catch per unit effort (CPUE), latitudinal gravity center (LATG), PAR and its spatial distribution exhibited significant monthly variation. From July to November, the suitable range of PAR was 36−39 E/(m2·d) in July, 33−36 E/(m2·d) in August, 24−27 E/(m2·d) in September, 18 E/(m2·d) in October and 12 E/(m2·d) in November. The most favorable PAR was 36 E/(m2·d), 33 E/(m2·d), 27 E/(m2·d), 18 E/(m2·d), 12 E/(m2·d), respectively, from July to November. The results showed that a significant positive relationship (p<0.05) was found between CPUE and PAR, and further a significantly positive correlation (p<0.05) was found between CPUE and the monthly percentages of suitable PAR accounting for the whole fishing ground. Meanwhile, the LATG varied with the mean latitude of the most preferred PAR in each month. Finally, under the anomalous climatic environments, the CPUE in the La Niña years is higher than that in the El Niño years, which may be caused by the higher PAR in the La Niña years. Our findings indicated that the PAR strongly affected the abundance and spatial distribution of O.bartramii in the Northwest Pacific Ocean.

, correspAuthors=Wei Yu, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Haiyang Xuebao, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Mengting Qian, Jingwen Gong, Jiangtao Fan, Wei Yu, Xinjun Chen, Weiguo Qian), CN=ArticleExt(id=1244313114821378749, articleId=1244313110224421365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=基于光合有效辐射的西北太平洋柔鱼资源丰度和空间分布变动研究, columnId=1149698756456657529, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

光合有效辐射(PAR)对于海洋初级生产力具有显著的调控作用,会间接影响到头足类的资源丰度和渔场分布。本文根据2006−2015年上海海洋大学鱿钓科学技术组提供的柔鱼鱿钓数据和光合有效辐射卫星遥感数据,研究了光合有效辐射与西北太平洋柔鱼种群的关系,并评估了异常环境条件下光合有效辐射对柔鱼的影响。结果发现,柔鱼单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)、渔场纬度重心、PAR,及其空间分布均具有显著的月间变化。7−11月各月适宜PAR范围分别为36~39 E/(m2·d)、33~36 E/(m2·d)、24~27 E/(m2·d)、18 E/(m2·d)和12 E/(m2·d),最适宜PAR值分别为36 E/(m2·d)、33 E/(m2·d)、27 E/(m2·d)、18 E/(m2·d)和12 E/(m2·d)。此外,CPUE与PAR有显著正相关关系(p<0.05),且CPUE与各月适宜PAR范围占渔场比例也呈显著正相关(p<0.05);同时渔场纬度重心随各月最适PAR平均纬度变化而变化。在异常环境条件下,拉尼娜年份CPUE值比厄尔尼诺年份高,该年份PAR值异常增高可能是导致柔鱼资源丰度增加的因素之一。研究表明,光合有效辐射对于西北太平洋柔鱼资源丰度和空间分布具有显著影响。

, correspAuthors=余为, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*余为,讲师,主要从事渔业海洋学研究。E-mail:
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钱梦婷(1999-),女,安徽省黄山市人,研究方向为渔业资源与渔场。E-mail:

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钱梦婷(1999-),女,安徽省黄山市人,研究方向为渔业资源与渔场。E-mail:

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钱梦婷(1999-),女,安徽省黄山市人,研究方向为渔业资源与渔场。E-mail:

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Monthly PAR, suitable PAR and the most suitable PAR from July to November

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
月份PAR范围
/E·m−2·d−1
适宜PAR范围
/E·m−2·d−1
最适宜PAR值
/E·m−2·d−1
727~5136~3936
824~4833~3633
918~3924~2727
1012~241818
116~151212
), ArticleFig(id=1246521521229947420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313110224421365, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

7−11月柔鱼各月PAR范围,适宜PAR范围和最适宜PAR值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
月份PAR范围
/E·m−2·d−1
适宜PAR范围
/E·m−2·d−1
最适宜PAR值
/E·m−2·d−1
727~5136~3936
824~4833~3633
918~3924~2727
1012~241818
116~151212
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基于光合有效辐射的西北太平洋柔鱼资源丰度和空间分布变动研究
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钱梦婷 1 , 贡静雯 1 , 范江涛 2 , 余为 1, 3, 4, * , 陈新军 1, 3, 4 , 钱卫国 5
海洋学报 | 论文 2020,42(12): 44-53
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海洋学报 | 论文 2020, 42(12): 44-53
基于光合有效辐射的西北太平洋柔鱼资源丰度和空间分布变动研究
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钱梦婷1 , 贡静雯1, 范江涛2, 余为1, 3, 4, * , 陈新军1, 3, 4, 钱卫国5
作者信息
  • 1 上海海洋大学 海洋科学学院,上海 201306
  • 2 农业农村部外海渔业开发重点实验室,广东 广州 510300
  • 3 国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海 201306
  • 4 大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室,上海 201306
  • 5 浙江海洋大学 水产学院,浙江 舟山 316022
  • 钱梦婷(1999-),女,安徽省黄山市人,研究方向为渔业资源与渔场。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*余为,讲师,主要从事渔业海洋学研究。E-mail:
Variations in the abundance and spatial distribution of Ommastrephes bartramii in the Northwest Pacific Ocean based on photosynthetic active radiation
Mengting Qian1 , Jingwen Gong1, Jiangtao Fan2, Wei Yu1, 3, 4, * , Xinjun Chen1, 3, 4, Weiguo Qian5
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
  • 2 Key Laboratory of Open-Sea Fishery Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, China
  • 3 National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai 201306, China
  • 4 Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China
  • 5 School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
出版时间: 2020-12-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.12.005
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光合有效辐射(PAR)对于海洋初级生产力具有显著的调控作用,会间接影响到头足类的资源丰度和渔场分布。本文根据2006−2015年上海海洋大学鱿钓科学技术组提供的柔鱼鱿钓数据和光合有效辐射卫星遥感数据,研究了光合有效辐射与西北太平洋柔鱼种群的关系,并评估了异常环境条件下光合有效辐射对柔鱼的影响。结果发现,柔鱼单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)、渔场纬度重心、PAR,及其空间分布均具有显著的月间变化。7−11月各月适宜PAR范围分别为36~39 E/(m2·d)、33~36 E/(m2·d)、24~27 E/(m2·d)、18 E/(m2·d)和12 E/(m2·d),最适宜PAR值分别为36 E/(m2·d)、33 E/(m2·d)、27 E/(m2·d)、18 E/(m2·d)和12 E/(m2·d)。此外,CPUE与PAR有显著正相关关系(p<0.05),且CPUE与各月适宜PAR范围占渔场比例也呈显著正相关(p<0.05);同时渔场纬度重心随各月最适PAR平均纬度变化而变化。在异常环境条件下,拉尼娜年份CPUE值比厄尔尼诺年份高,该年份PAR值异常增高可能是导致柔鱼资源丰度增加的因素之一。研究表明,光合有效辐射对于西北太平洋柔鱼资源丰度和空间分布具有显著影响。

柔鱼  /  光合有效辐射  /  资源丰度  /  空间分布  /  异常环境  /  西北太平洋

The photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) plays a significant role in regulating ocean primary productivity, so it may indirectly affect the abundance and spatial distribution of cephalopods. In this study, we examined the relationship between photosynthetic active radiation and Ommastrephes bartramii stocks in the Northwest Pacific Ocean, and evaluated the impacts of the anomalous climatic environments on the squid stocks, based on the fishery data during 2006−2015 obtained from the squid-jigging Science and Technology Group of Shanghai Ocean University and the remotely satellite data of PAR. The results indicated that catch per unit effort (CPUE), latitudinal gravity center (LATG), PAR and its spatial distribution exhibited significant monthly variation. From July to November, the suitable range of PAR was 36−39 E/(m2·d) in July, 33−36 E/(m2·d) in August, 24−27 E/(m2·d) in September, 18 E/(m2·d) in October and 12 E/(m2·d) in November. The most favorable PAR was 36 E/(m2·d), 33 E/(m2·d), 27 E/(m2·d), 18 E/(m2·d), 12 E/(m2·d), respectively, from July to November. The results showed that a significant positive relationship (p<0.05) was found between CPUE and PAR, and further a significantly positive correlation (p<0.05) was found between CPUE and the monthly percentages of suitable PAR accounting for the whole fishing ground. Meanwhile, the LATG varied with the mean latitude of the most preferred PAR in each month. Finally, under the anomalous climatic environments, the CPUE in the La Niña years is higher than that in the El Niño years, which may be caused by the higher PAR in the La Niña years. Our findings indicated that the PAR strongly affected the abundance and spatial distribution of O.bartramii in the Northwest Pacific Ocean.

Ommastrephes bartramii  /  photosynthetically active radiation  /  abundance  /  spatial distribution  /  anomalous environments  /  Northwest Pacific Ocean
钱梦婷, 贡静雯, 范江涛, 余为, 陈新军, 钱卫国. 基于光合有效辐射的西北太平洋柔鱼资源丰度和空间分布变动研究. 海洋学报, 2020 , 42 (12) : 44 -53 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.12.005
Mengting Qian, Jingwen Gong, Jiangtao Fan, Wei Yu, Xinjun Chen, Weiguo Qian. Variations in the abundance and spatial distribution of Ommastrephes bartramii in the Northwest Pacific Ocean based on photosynthetic active radiation[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2020 , 42 (12) : 44 -53 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.12.005
柔鱼(Ommastrephes bartramii)广泛分布于北太平洋20°~50°N的海域,是一种重要的大洋性经济头足类。柔鱼于20世纪90年代开始被开发[1],我国从1993年开始商业捕捞该物种,1998−2008年柔鱼年产量基本在8万t以上,最高年产量达13万t,而2008年以后,产量有较大减幅,年产量在5万t左右。柔鱼渔业在我国远洋渔业中占据重要地位,我国柔鱼产量占据整个北太平洋柔鱼总产量的80%以上[2],因此柔鱼的可持续开发和利用对远洋渔业事业十分重要。柔鱼是一种短生命周期种类,一年生,主要分为4个种群:中部秋生群、东部秋生群、西部冬春生群和中东部冬春生群[3],其中西部冬春生群体是我国鱿钓的主要捕捞对象。柔鱼有较强的趋光性、集群性,对水温敏感性强,且有昼夜垂直移动和随季节南北洄游的习性[4]。柔鱼是一种典型的生态机会主义物种,所以其对气候变化和海洋环境的改变非常敏感[5]
气候和环境对柔鱼整个生活史阶段都至关重要,直接影响柔鱼资源丰度和渔场的形成[6]。已有研究表明,海表温度、叶绿素浓度和黑潮亲潮势力强弱等都会影响柔鱼的生长繁殖、丰度与分布,一些异常气候如厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜现象也会对柔鱼资源产生影响[7]。光合有效辐射(Photosynthetically Active Radiation, PAR)是指太阳辐射中对植物光合作用有效的光谱成分,波长在400~700 nm,平均约占太阳总辐射的50%[8]。光合有效辐射是植物生命活动、合成有机物的能量来源,所以其大小会影响海洋浮游植物的数量和分布,进而会导致海洋初级生产力变动[9],因此PAR可能会间接影响海洋鱼类的丰度和分布。但是目前国内针对光合有效辐射与柔鱼资源关系的研究较少。因此本文利用光合有效辐卫星遥感数据和10年柔鱼鱿钓捕捞数据,综合分析柔鱼资源变动与光合有效辐射的关系,为柔鱼资源的可持续利用提供科学基础。
柔鱼鱿钓数据来自上海海洋大学鱿钓科学技术组,数据主要覆盖我国传统的柔鱼作业渔场范围36°~48°N,150°~170°E(图1),数据时间为2006−2015年7−11月(7−11月为我国捕捞柔鱼的主要月份)。捕捞数据包括作业位置(经度和纬度)、作业时间(日和月份)、捕捞努力量(以d计)和渔获量(t)。为匹配环境数据,渔业数据时间分辨率整理以月计,空间分辨率为0.5°×0.5°。
环境数据主要来源于卫星遥感数据,PAR数据来自网站http://oceanwatch.pifsc.noaa.gov/thredds/catalog.html
(1)计算2006−2015年间每年7−11月每个月不同渔区内的单位捕捞努力量渔获量(Catch Per Unit Effort,CPUE),单位为t/d。定义经纬度0.5°×0.5°为一个渔区。在本文中,CPUE表示柔鱼的资源丰度[10],计算公式为
$ {{\rm{CPUE}}}_{ymij}=\frac{\displaystyle\sum {{\rm{Catch}}}_{ymij}}{\displaystyle\sum {{\rm{Effort}}}_{ymij}}, $
式中,y为年份;m为月份;i为经度;j为纬度;$ \displaystyle\sum {{\rm{Catch}}}_{ymij} $为某一个渔区内的总渔获量;$ \displaystyle\sum {{\rm{Effort}}}_{ymij} $为一个渔区内的总捕捞努力量。
(2)计算2006−2015年间每年7−11月柔鱼渔场纬度重心,计算公式为[11]
$ {\mathrm{L}\mathrm{A}\mathrm{T}\mathrm{G}}_{m}=\frac{\displaystyle\sum ({{\rm{Latitude}}}_{i,m}\times {{\rm{CPUE}}}_{i,m})}{\displaystyle\sum {{\rm{CPUE}}}_{i,m}}, $
式中,i为渔区;m为月份;LATG为渔场纬度重心;Latitude为作业纬度。
(3)计算分析2006−2015年7−11月各月CPUE、LATG和PAR值,并分别绘制CPUE、LATG、PAR的月间分布图,分析上述各变量的月间变化。同时,绘制北太平洋海区柔鱼PAR多年月平均值空间分布图,分析柔鱼渔场范围内PAR的空间分布特征。
(4)根据频率分布法,计算柔鱼各月适宜的PAR分布范围以及最偏好的PAR值(依据前人研究,超过4 000 d捕捞努力量为适宜PAR范围[12])。将2006−2015年7−11月的PAR与CPUE进行相关分析,探讨PAR与柔鱼资源丰度的相关关系;以各月适宜PAR范围表征适宜的柔鱼栖息地分布,计算各月适宜栖息地分布的面积占渔场的比例,并评估其与柔鱼CPUE的相关关系;最后计算各月最适宜的PAR平均纬度与柔鱼渔场纬度重心,分析两者关系。
(5)分析2006−2015年在不同气候条件下柔鱼渔场范围内PAR的分布特征。本文主要探索异常气候条件厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜事件对PAR空间分布可能产生的影响。厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜事件标准定义来源于NOAA气候预报中心(NCPC)[13]:Niño 3.4区海温异常连续5个月滑动平均值高于+0.5°C,定义为一次厄尔尼诺事件;连续5个月低于−0.5°C,则认为发生一次拉尼娜事件。将2011年(判定为拉尼娜年份)7−11月份每月空间上各点的PAR值减去2015年(判定为厄尔尼诺年份)对应月份空间上各点的PAR值,将得到的值绘制为空间分布,并对其空间分布特征进行对比分析。厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜事件的定义以及分类来源于:http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/ensostuff/ensoyears.shtml:
7−11月CPUE月间变化趋势为先增加后降低,8月和9月CPUE较高,7月和11月CPUE较低,其中8月CPUE最高,为2.60 t/d,7月CPUE最低,为1.43 t/d。渔场纬度重心7月位于最南,为40.04°N,7−9月向北移动,9−11月向南移动,其中9月最北,为43.22°N。PAR值7−11月逐月递减,7月最高,为35.18 E/(m2·d),11月最低,为12.22 E/(m2·d)(图2)。
PAR的空间分布如图3所示,7月和8月空间分布趋势大致相同,南部PAR值较高,北部PAR值偏低,9月PAR值从北到南逐渐变大,10月南北差异较小,且总体PAR值偏低,11月PAR值也是呈从北到南逐渐增大的趋势,且总体PAR值明显低于前几个月。
2006−2015年7−11月捕捞努力量的频次分布如图4所示。分析得出捕捞努力量的空间分布与PAR存在一定关联。而各月PAR及其适宜范围(表1)所示,7−11月适宜PAR范围和最适宜PAR值均逐月降低。
根据上述分析,把2006−2015年7−11月PAR的月平均值和CPUE进行相关性分析可以发现两者的变化趋势基本一致(图5),两者呈显著正相关关系(p<0.05)。同样2006−2015年7−11月各月适宜PAR范围占渔场比例和CPUE变化趋势也基本相同(图6),相关性分析结果显示两者呈显著正相关关系(p<0.05)。此外,图7显示2006−2015年各月最适宜PAR平均纬度和纬度重心进行相关性分析可以发现两者变化趋势一致且呈显著正相关(p<0.05)。
2011年是拉尼娜年份,2015年是厄尔尼诺年份。2011年7−11月CPUE变化范围为1.33~3.07 t/d,最大值在9月;2015年7−11月CPUE变化范围为1.06~2.08 t/d,最大值在11月。通过比较发现除了11月份,2011年拉尼娜年份CPUE值显著高于2015年厄尔尼诺年份。此外发现,2011年7−11月各月PAR值基本均高于2015年对应月份PAR值(图8)。
2011年7−11月与2015年7−11月各月PAR值差值的空间分布图如图9所示。2011年7−11月各月渔场大范围内PAR值均高于2015年。尤其是8月和9月绝大部分海域2011年PAR值高于2015年且差值较大,越靠近东南方向,差异变化越显著。
柔鱼是一种短生命周期的生态机会主义物种,对气候和海洋环境变化极为敏感,所以柔鱼资源丰度及其渔场分布易受环境变化的影响[14]。国内外已有很多关于柔鱼与环境关系的研究,但是大部分都是针对海表温度、叶绿素浓度以及黑潮亲潮等因子。例如余为等[15]利用信息增益技术,分析了一些环境因子对于CPUE分布的影响程度,认为西北太平洋柔鱼资源变动最易受水温影响,其次是叶绿素浓度,海表高度和盐度影响较小。陈新军等[16]通过分析黑潮年间变化对于西北太平洋柔鱼渔场分布的影响,认为黑潮大弯曲年份,渔场分布广泛但CPUE较低,小弯曲年份情况相反。唐峰华等[17]研究叶绿素a分布与渔场的关系,认为反常的叶绿素浓度很有可能导致无法形成正常的大规模渔场。而除了上述几种常见的因子外,PAR也是一个重要且值得研究的环境因子,PAR代表了叶绿体进行光合作用的效率,其大小会影响海洋浮游植物的繁殖与分布,进而影响海洋初级生产力的大小,最终可能会造成鱼类资源丰度与分布的变动。所以研究光合有效辐射与柔鱼资源关系可以为柔鱼资源管理提供科学依据。目前已有部分学者针对PAR与渔业资源关系进行研究。例如Sanchez等[18]研究发现枪乌贼偏向在清澈的水中生长繁殖,不喜在浑浊的水中,因为浑浊的水域对应较低的PAR值。余为和陈新军[12]分析发现茎柔鱼CPUE与PAR呈正相关关系,且最适PAR纬度影响茎柔鱼渔场分布,该研究表明光合有效辐射对于茎柔鱼资源丰度与分布有显著影响。
本文经研究发现,7−11月西北太平洋柔鱼渔场的CPUE随光合有效辐射变化而变化,且变化趋势较为一致,较高强度的PAR月份对应的CPUE较大,而PAR值下降的月份对应的CPUE也会下降,2006−2015年PAR的月平均值与CPUE也有着显著正相关关系,同时当各月适宜光合有效辐射范围占渔场比例大时,CPUE也会相应增高。从以上的分析结果可以看出柔鱼渔场PAR值大小与CPUE有着显著关联,即渔场内的光合有效辐射强度显著影响柔鱼的资源丰度。根据本文结果推理PAR影响柔鱼CPUE的机理:由于PAR是指太阳辐射中对植物光合作用有效的光谱成分,所以其大小可以反映浮游植物的光合作用强度,当PAR值升高,海洋中浮游植物的数量也会相应增多,进而使得海洋初级生产力增高,浮游动物等饵料资源丰富,增加了柔鱼的食物来源,因此PAR的增加有利于柔鱼的生长摄食,所以柔鱼资源丰度提高,最终使得柔鱼渔业产量增高;相反PAR低则不利于柔鱼的摄食生长,其资源丰度则相应降低。需要说明的是并不是高的PAR值完全对应高的CPUE,存在部分月份光合有效辐射上升而CPUE反而下降的情况,因为柔鱼资源丰度是受海表温度、盐度、海表高度、叶绿素浓度以及PAR等环境因子综合作用的结果,所以可能在某些PAR值高的月份,柔鱼受到了温度不适宜等其他不利环境因素的影响,造成CPUE下降。因此,在未来的研究中需要结合其他环境因子进行综合分析和考量,以评估光合有效辐射对柔鱼资源的影响程度。
由于头足类的空间分布受海洋环境的重要影响,因此当海洋环境发生变化时,其适宜的栖息地在空间上也会发生很大程度上的变动[19]。例如王文宇等[20]认为温度和叶绿素浓度是影响柔鱼空间分布的重要因素,其研究发现西北太平洋柔鱼的捕获区通常和温度变差14℃线所包围的高温差范围相吻合,且中心渔场往往在叶绿素a浓度高值区形成。余为等[21]认为西北太平洋柔鱼资源空间变动与海洋的净初级生产力有着密切关系,并推断出柔鱼渔场纬度重心随各年最适初级生产力平均纬度的转移而转移。本文研究发现,柔鱼渔场纬度重心随各月最适宜光合有效辐射平均纬度变化而变化,说明柔鱼各月最适宜的光合有效辐射位置可能代表着其最适宜的栖息地。究其原因,可能是最适宜的光合有效辐射海域在一定程度上代表着该海域初级生产力高,对应的浮游动植物密度相应增加,所以柔鱼群体更倾向于游往该海域去摄食,造成该位置柔鱼资源丰度高,故渔场的纬度重心随最偏好的光合有效辐射位置的变化而变化。
异常气候条件下,即厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜事件,会造成柔鱼栖息地环境发生不同的变化,对柔鱼资源丰度与渔场分布也会产生不同的影响。前人研究显示,厄尔尼诺条件下,西北太平洋柔鱼渔场海域海表面温度和叶绿素浓度均降低,不利于柔鱼生长,造成柔鱼资源丰度下降;而拉尼娜条件下,柔鱼渔场海表面温度升高,叶绿素a浓度降低但幅度很小,有利于资源补充,柔鱼产量高[7]。还有研究发现秘鲁外海茎柔鱼中心渔场位置也与厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜事件有关,拉尼娜事件下中心渔场位置通常比厄尔尼诺事件下偏北[22]。本文通过对2011年(拉尼娜年份)和2015年(厄尔尼诺年份)柔鱼渔场的PAR与CPUE的比较分析发现,气候变化对柔鱼渔场内的光合有效辐射也存在显著影响,厄尔尼诺年份(2015年)柔鱼渔场光合有效辐射值低于拉尼娜年份(2011年),会降低渔场内浮游植物光合作用效率,进而可能会造成2015年柔鱼渔场海域初级生产力降低,海区的营养物质减少,不利于柔鱼的摄食,所以厄尔尼诺年份CPUE值也显著低于拉尼娜年份。总结以上可以推断,在大部分异常环境年份下,厄尔尼诺事件会导致西北太平洋柔鱼渔场的PAR值降低,从而可能会造成柔鱼CPUE减小;相反,拉尼娜事件下柔鱼渔场的PAR值上升,可能会导致CPUE上升。
目前,国内对于光合有效辐射与柔鱼资源关系的研究较少,本文从新的角度探讨柔鱼资源与环境因子的关系,通过对2006−2015年7−11月柔鱼渔场光合有效辐射与柔鱼CPUE和渔场纬度重心的相关性分析,得出光合有效辐射对于西北太平洋柔鱼资源丰度和空间分布具有显著影响。但研究的不足之处在于本文只对光合有效辐射单一环境因子进行研究,而在实际的海洋生态系统中,柔鱼的资源受到多种环境因子的影响,所以在今后的研究中,要结合其他环境因子如温度、盐度、叶绿素浓度等进行综合考量和分析,并且可以更加侧重研究光合有效辐射与头足类资源丰度等的关系。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD0901405);农业农村部外海渔业开发重点实验室开放基金资助(LOF 2019-01);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(41906073);上海市自然科学基金(19ZR1423000);上海市水产高峰一流学科(Fisheries A)。
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2020年第42卷第12期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.12.005
  • 接收时间:2019-08-01
  • 首发时间:2026-03-27
  • 出版时间:2020-12-25
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  • 收稿日期:2019-08-01
  • 修回日期:2019-11-07
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD0901405);农业农村部外海渔业开发重点实验室开放基金资助(LOF 2019-01);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(41906073);上海市自然科学基金(19ZR1423000);上海市水产高峰一流学科(Fisheries A)。
作者信息
    1 上海海洋大学 海洋科学学院,上海 201306
    2 农业农村部外海渔业开发重点实验室,广东 广州 510300
    3 国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海 201306
    4 大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室,上海 201306
    5 浙江海洋大学 水产学院,浙江 舟山 316022

通讯作者:

*余为,讲师,主要从事渔业海洋学研究。E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/CN/10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.12.005
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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