Article(id=1244313109364584733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1244313103459008874, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.12.012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1584374400000, receivedDateStr=2020-03-17, revisedDate=1595520000000, revisedDateStr=2020-07-24, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774596963491, onlineDateStr=2026-03-27, pubDate=1608825600000, pubDateStr=2020-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774596963491, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774596963491, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774596963491, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1244313103459008874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2020', volume='42', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='128', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774596962084, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774597044552, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1244313449409393475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1244313103459008874, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1244313449409393476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1244313103459008874, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=110, endPage=118, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1244313110593515818, articleId=1244313109364584733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=Spatiotemporal variations of partial pressure of carbon dioxide in surface sea water in the Qiongzhou Strait in summer, columnId=1194652708754920165, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Research Note, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The sea surface temperature(SST), salinity(SSS), dissolved oxygen (DO), chlorophyll a(Chl a) and surface partial pressure of carbon dioxide(pCO2) was determined by underway measurement system in the Qiongzhou Strait in summer 2011 and 2014, and the spatiotemporal variations of pCO2 were analyzed and its control factors were explained. The averages of pCO2 in surface sea water were (516±29) μatm and (533±15) μatm, sea-air CO2 fluxes were (8.4±1.7) mmol/(m2·d) and (4.5±0.4) mmol/(m2·d) in summer 2011 and 2014, the Qiongzhou Strait acted as strong atmospheric CO2 source and was more higher than the adjacent and similar sea areas. The upwelling forced the CO2-enriched subsurface water to intrude the surface water and elevated pCO2 in the east mouth, also promoted biological productivity and absorbed CO2 from sea water, and also made the pCO2 drop and DO rise sharply in the vicinity of west mouth in summer 2011. The upwelling was weak in east mouth and vertical mixing was strong along ship-track in summer 2014, the distributions of pCO2 and DO were obviously different from that in summer 2011. Narrow channel effect was significant in the middle of Qiongzhou Strait, high water transportation speed with strong mixing resulted in weak photosynthetic activity, they altogether maintained high pCO2 in summer 2011 and 2014.

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采用船载海−气CO2连续观测系统于2011年和2014年夏季在琼州海峡开展了现场观测,分析研究了表层海水二氧化碳分压(pCO2)时空变化及其影响因子。2011年和2014年夏季pCO2分别为(516±29) μatm和(533±15) μatm,海−气CO2交换通量分别为(8.4±1.7) mmol/(m2·d)和(4.5±0.4) mmol/(m2·d),均是大气CO2的强源,高于相邻及相似海域,主要受控于东口海域上升流和海峡中部狭管效应。2011年夏季东口上升流增大pCO2的同时也促进了浮游植物繁殖,光合作用吸收水体CO2,降低了pCO2,而且受其影响,西口口门附近叶绿素a和溶解氧含量陡增,pCO2突降。2014年夏季东口海域上升流较弱,且观测海域垂直混合作用显著,pCO2和溶解氧分布特征与2001年夏季明显不同。海峡中部狭管效应造成水体输运速率大、混合作用强,浮游植物“来不及”生长,pCO2较高。

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马玉(1982-),男,安徽省亳州市人,博士,高级工程师,从事海洋生物地球化学研究。E-mail:

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马玉(1982-),男,安徽省亳州市人,博士,高级工程师,从事海洋生物地球化学研究。E-mail:

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马玉(1982-),男,安徽省亳州市人,博士,高级工程师,从事海洋生物地球化学研究。E-mail:

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figureFileBig=pVeR1e3a0K7ieJveFTijBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246521521376748065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313109364584733, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Summary of pCO2, NpCO2, pCO2a, SST, SSS, DO content, chlorophyll a content, average wind speed and sea-air CO2 flux estimation in summer 2011 and 2014

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观测时间观测海域pCO2
/μatm
NpCO2
/μatm
pCO2a
/μatm
ΔpCO2
/μatm
SST/℃SSSDO含量
/μmol·L−1
叶绿素a
含量/μg·L−1
平均风速
/m·s−1
海−气CO2交换通量
/mmol·(m2·d)-1
2011年夏季琼州海峡436~549411~575378±413827.36~31.4232.22~33.58194.8~252.00.5~4.65.3±1.98.4±1.7
516±29517±4029.46±1.2632.72±0.48207.8±10.41.1±0.8
东口436~527458~57511327.36~28.4333.27~33.58195.0~235.60.7~3.46.7±1.8
491±30527±3727.80±0.2733.44±0.11209.0±12.01.9±0.9
海峡中部528~549529~57516427.44~30.1932.30~33.32194.8~205.40.5~1.29.9±0.4
542±5547±1229.26±0.7132.69±0.28200.6±2.60.6±0.1
西口441~522411~49612330.57~31.4232.22~33.29209.0~252.00.6~4.67.5±1.0
501±16472±1830.89±0.1732.26±0.02216.4±8.61.3±0.8
2014年夏季琼州海峡502~557489~589380±615328.85~31.4432.11~32.87184.9~202.90.6~1.73.7±1.64.5±0.4
533±15534±2930.56±0.6932.36±0.21194.4±4.41.0±0.2
东口539~557569~58916928.85~29.9832.51~32.87184.9~192.41.0~1.75.0±0.2
549±6578±629.31±0.2632.76±0.09198.3±2.41.2±0.2
海峡中部526~551515~56116130.12~31.0432.22~32.47190.9~195.00.6~1.24.8±0.2
541±7542±1330.52±0.2632.35±0.07192.2±1.00.9±0.2
西口502~525489~51013730.05~31.4432.11~32.25196.2~202.90.6~1.74.1±0.2
517±6503±631.17±0.0732.19±0.04199.4±1.81.0±0.3
), ArticleFig(id=1246521521557103141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313109364584733, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2011年和2014年夏季pCO2、NpCO2pCO2a、ΔpCO2、SST、SSS、DO含量、叶绿素a含量、平均风速和海−气CO2交换通量的统计结果

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观测时间观测海域pCO2
/μatm
NpCO2
/μatm
pCO2a
/μatm
ΔpCO2
/μatm
SST/℃SSSDO含量
/μmol·L−1
叶绿素a
含量/μg·L−1
平均风速
/m·s−1
海−气CO2交换通量
/mmol·(m2·d)-1
2011年夏季琼州海峡436~549411~575378±413827.36~31.4232.22~33.58194.8~252.00.5~4.65.3±1.98.4±1.7
516±29517±4029.46±1.2632.72±0.48207.8±10.41.1±0.8
东口436~527458~57511327.36~28.4333.27~33.58195.0~235.60.7~3.46.7±1.8
491±30527±3727.80±0.2733.44±0.11209.0±12.01.9±0.9
海峡中部528~549529~57516427.44~30.1932.30~33.32194.8~205.40.5~1.29.9±0.4
542±5547±1229.26±0.7132.69±0.28200.6±2.60.6±0.1
西口441~522411~49612330.57~31.4232.22~33.29209.0~252.00.6~4.67.5±1.0
501±16472±1830.89±0.1732.26±0.02216.4±8.61.3±0.8
2014年夏季琼州海峡502~557489~589380±615328.85~31.4432.11~32.87184.9~202.90.6~1.73.7±1.64.5±0.4
533±15534±2930.56±0.6932.36±0.21194.4±4.41.0±0.2
东口539~557569~58916928.85~29.9832.51~32.87184.9~192.41.0~1.75.0±0.2
549±6578±629.31±0.2632.76±0.09198.3±2.41.2±0.2
海峡中部526~551515~56116130.12~31.0432.22~32.47190.9~195.00.6~1.24.8±0.2
541±7542±1330.52±0.2632.35±0.07192.2±1.00.9±0.2
西口502~525489~51013730.05~31.4432.11~32.25196.2~202.90.6~1.74.1±0.2
517±6503±631.17±0.0732.19±0.04199.4±1.81.0±0.3
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夏季琼州海峡表层海水二氧化碳分压时空变化
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马玉 1, 2 , 廖世智 1, 2 , 李锐祥 1, 2 , 蔡钰灿 1, 2 , 曹永港 1, 2 , 许春玲 1, 2 , 史华明 1, 2 , 王迪 1, 2 , 许欣 1, 2
海洋学报 | 研究报道 2020,42(12): 110-118
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海洋学报 | 研究报道 2020, 42(12): 110-118
夏季琼州海峡表层海水二氧化碳分压时空变化
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马玉1, 2 , 廖世智1, 2, 李锐祥1, 2, 蔡钰灿1, 2, 曹永港1, 2, 许春玲1, 2, 史华明1, 2, 王迪1, 2, 许欣1, 2
作者信息
  • 1 国家海洋局南海调查技术中心,广东 广州 510300
  • 2 自然资源部海洋环境探测技术与应用重点实验室,广东 广州 510300
  • 马玉(1982-),男,安徽省亳州市人,博士,高级工程师,从事海洋生物地球化学研究。E-mail:

Spatiotemporal variations of partial pressure of carbon dioxide in surface sea water in the Qiongzhou Strait in summer
Yu Ma1, 2 , Shizhi Liao1, 2, Ruixiang Li1, 2, Yucan Cai1, 2, Yonggang Cao1, 2, Chunling Xu1, 2, Huaming Shi1, 2, Di Wang1, 2, Xin Xu1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1 South China Sea Marine Survey and Technology Center, State Oceanic Administration, Guangzhou 510300, China
  • 2 Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Survey Technology and Application, Ministry of Natural Resources, Guangzhou 510300, China
出版时间: 2020-12-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.12.012
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采用船载海−气CO2连续观测系统于2011年和2014年夏季在琼州海峡开展了现场观测,分析研究了表层海水二氧化碳分压(pCO2)时空变化及其影响因子。2011年和2014年夏季pCO2分别为(516±29) μatm和(533±15) μatm,海−气CO2交换通量分别为(8.4±1.7) mmol/(m2·d)和(4.5±0.4) mmol/(m2·d),均是大气CO2的强源,高于相邻及相似海域,主要受控于东口海域上升流和海峡中部狭管效应。2011年夏季东口上升流增大pCO2的同时也促进了浮游植物繁殖,光合作用吸收水体CO2,降低了pCO2,而且受其影响,西口口门附近叶绿素a和溶解氧含量陡增,pCO2突降。2014年夏季东口海域上升流较弱,且观测海域垂直混合作用显著,pCO2和溶解氧分布特征与2001年夏季明显不同。海峡中部狭管效应造成水体输运速率大、混合作用强,浮游植物“来不及”生长,pCO2较高。

琼州海峡  /  二氧化碳分压  /  上升流  /  狭管效应

The sea surface temperature(SST), salinity(SSS), dissolved oxygen (DO), chlorophyll a(Chl a) and surface partial pressure of carbon dioxide(pCO2) was determined by underway measurement system in the Qiongzhou Strait in summer 2011 and 2014, and the spatiotemporal variations of pCO2 were analyzed and its control factors were explained. The averages of pCO2 in surface sea water were (516±29) μatm and (533±15) μatm, sea-air CO2 fluxes were (8.4±1.7) mmol/(m2·d) and (4.5±0.4) mmol/(m2·d) in summer 2011 and 2014, the Qiongzhou Strait acted as strong atmospheric CO2 source and was more higher than the adjacent and similar sea areas. The upwelling forced the CO2-enriched subsurface water to intrude the surface water and elevated pCO2 in the east mouth, also promoted biological productivity and absorbed CO2 from sea water, and also made the pCO2 drop and DO rise sharply in the vicinity of west mouth in summer 2011. The upwelling was weak in east mouth and vertical mixing was strong along ship-track in summer 2014, the distributions of pCO2 and DO were obviously different from that in summer 2011. Narrow channel effect was significant in the middle of Qiongzhou Strait, high water transportation speed with strong mixing resulted in weak photosynthetic activity, they altogether maintained high pCO2 in summer 2011 and 2014.

the Qiongzhou Strait  /  partial pressure of carbon dioxide  /  upwelling  /  narrow channel effect
马玉, 廖世智, 李锐祥, 蔡钰灿, 曹永港, 许春玲, 史华明, 王迪, 许欣. 夏季琼州海峡表层海水二氧化碳分压时空变化. 海洋学报, 2020 , 42 (12) : 110 -118 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.12.012
Yu Ma, Shizhi Liao, Ruixiang Li, Yucan Cai, Yonggang Cao, Chunling Xu, Huaming Shi, Di Wang, Xin Xu. Spatiotemporal variations of partial pressure of carbon dioxide in surface sea water in the Qiongzhou Strait in summer[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2020 , 42 (12) : 110 -118 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.12.012
占地球表面积71%的海洋是碳的主要贮存库,是阻缓大气CO2上升的最大缓冲体系,是维持全球大气和气候稳定的最主要因素之一。海洋是大气CO2的“汇”,共吸收了工业革命以来人类排放CO2总量的40%左右,从而减缓了大气CO2含量上升和气温升高。边缘海虽仅占全球海洋面积的7%~8%,却在全球海洋碳循环中发挥重要作用[1-2]。首先,边缘海的初级生产力占全球海洋的15%~30%,有机物埋藏占全球海洋的80%[3-4];其次,近岸及陆架海域是海洋、大气、陆地生态系统及河流碳交换的“桥梁”[5],并向大洋输出大量有机碳;另外,全球60%的人口居住在距离海岸线100 km以内的沿岸地区,人类活动向近海输入了大量营养物质和有机颗粒物[6]。因此边缘海碳循环受到全球学者关注[7-9]
南海,特别是南海北部海−气CO2交换通量及碳循环备受关注[10-13]。琼州海峡东接南海北部,西连北部湾,是南海北部与北部湾水交换和物质输运的重要通道。海峡东部的广东粤西沿岸流和珠江径流对北部湾水体有重要影响,北部湾冷水团的生成也与琼州海峡水交换有着密切关系[14]。然而,有关琼州海峡海−气CO2交换通量的研究成果却鲜有报道,本文在开展现场观测的基础上,分析夏季琼州海峡pCO2和海−气CO2交换通量的时空变化,探讨研究其影响因子。
琼州海峡长约80 km,平均宽约30 km,位于19°52′~20°31′N,109°25′~110°41′E。结合以往研究成果和本文观测及分析结果,经向将琼州海峡大致分为3个区域,即西口(109.50°~110.00°E)、海峡中部(110.00°~110.65°E)和东口(110.65°~111.00°E)(图1)。近40年的海洋水文资料揭示琼州海峡水体输运方向终年向西,即由南海北部进入北部湾[15],且被多次验证[16-17]。虽然琼州海峡潮流和余流净通量均自东向西[18-19],但琼州海峡涨落潮流速大,潮流作用强劲,一个完整的自西向东涨落潮周期足以将低盐北部湾水体自西口输送至东口。为求证观测期间潮流流向,本文建立了数学计算模型,模拟计算结果表明2011年和2014年8月(夏季)观测期间潮流流向均自东向西。
2011年和2014年夏季采用船载海−气CO2连续观测系统(GO8050)采集表层海水pCO2和大气 pCO2pCO2a)数据,CO2标准气体(中国气象科学研究院生产,确定度小于0.3%)校准观测系统。取水泵不间断从竖井抽取海水样品,高流量输送至实验室,观测系统水−汽平衡器内水温与原位水温差别小于0.2℃。大气采样位置设置在船头顶层,远离船舶烟囱和人为活动等污染源。生态环境要素采用温盐传感器(SBE21)、溶解氧传感器(Oxygen Optode 3835)和多参数水质仪(YSI6600)同步观测,并开展互校。气象要素采用船载自动气象仪(XZC5-1)观测。
水−汽平衡器pCO2采用Weiss和Price饱和水汽压公式计算[20],温度效应校准公式为:NpCO2=pCO2× exp{0.042 3(SSTmean−SST)},SSTmean是航次表层水温平均值,NpCO2是航次平均表层水温时的pCO2。海−气CO2交换通量(F)估算公式为F=k×s×ΔpCO2k=0.27u2×(Sc/660)−0.5[21]k是CO2气体传输速率,u为观测期间10 m平均风速,s是CO2在海水中的溶解度,Sc是CO2在某一温度下海水(S=35)中的施密特常数[22],ΔpCO2是海−气CO2分压差,即pCO2pCO2a。若通量F为负值,表示海洋从大气中吸收CO2;反之,则表示海洋向大气中释放CO2
2011年夏季观测期间SST最小值为27.36℃,最大值为31.42℃,平均值为(29.46±1.26)℃;2014年夏季观测期间SST最小值为28.85℃,最大值为31.44℃,平均值为(30.56±0.69)℃(表1)。两个航次SST均呈现自东口到西口逐渐升高的趋势(图2a图2g),主要因为观测船舶均是早上8时前后从东口起航,穿过海峡中部,至下午15时前后在西口结束,整个观测过程中气温在逐渐升高,SST也随之升高。2011年夏季琼州海峡表层盐度(SSS)介于32.22~33.58,平均值为32.72±0.48;2014年夏季SSS介于32.11~32.87,平均值为32.36±0.21(表1),两个航次SSS最大值均位于东口海域,呈现自东口向西口逐渐降低的趋势,且2011年夏季SSS整体大于2014年夏季(图2b图2h)。
2011年夏季DO和叶绿素a含量范围分别为194.8~252.0 μmol/L和0.5~4.6 μg/L,平均含量分别为(207.8±10.4)μmol/L和(1.1±0.8)μg/L。2014年夏季DO和叶绿素a含量范围分别为184.9~202.9 μmol/L和0.6~1.7 μg/L,平均含量为(194.4±4.4) μmol/L和(1.0±0.2) μg/L (表1)。2011年夏季东口和西口海域DO与叶绿素a含量较高,海峡中部较低(图2c图2d)。
2011年夏季pCO2变化范围为436~549 μatm,平均值为(516±29)μatm,pCO2a平均值为(378±4)μatm,ΔpCO2为138 μatm。2014年夏季pCO2变化范围为502~557 μatm,平均值为(533±15)μatm,pCO2a平均值为(380±6)μatm,ΔpCO2为153 μatm(表1)。2011年和2014年夏季琼州海峡东口和西口pCO2均呈现低值,海峡中部pCO2较高(图2e图2f图2k图2l)。
2011年和2014年夏季琼州海峡海−气CO2交换通量分别为(8.4±1.7)mmol/(m2·d)和(4.5±0.4) mmol/(m2·d),均是大气CO2强源,高于南海北部(−0.6±1.1)mmol/(m2·d)和南海盆地0~1.9 mmol/(m2·d)[23],也高于东海(−4.9±1.7)mmol/(m2·d)和南黄海(1.56±0.37)mmol/(m2·d)[24-25],仅与南海南部海−气CO2交换通量0.3~5.5 mmol/(m2·d)相近[26]。台湾海峡、英吉利海峡和直布罗陀海峡最大源强均明显低于琼州海峡,分别为0.1 mmol/(m2·d)、1.68 mmol/(m2·d)和3 mmol/(m2·d)[27-30]
2011年夏季琼州海峡中部CO2源强为(9.9±0.4)mmol/(m2·d),东口和西口海域分别为(6.7±1.8)mmol/(m2·d)和(7.5±1.8)mmol/(m2·d)。2014年夏季东口海域CO2源强最大,为(5.0±0.2)mmol/(m2·d),海峡中部和西口海域源强分别为(4.8±0.2)mmol/(m2·d)和(4.1±0.2)mmol/(m2·d)。
由3.1节和3.2节的分析结果可知,琼州海峡pCO2和海−气CO2交换通量显著高于相邻及相似海域。夏季琼州海峡东部是上升流控制区,附近海域水体低温高盐,且低温中心SST比周围海域低3~4℃[31-32]。两个航次观测期间琼州海峡东口海域均低温高盐,且2011年夏季更为显著(图2a图2b)。上升流促使富含CO2的底层水体向上涌升至表层,增大水体CO2含量,使得表层pCO2升高[33],进而影响pCO2和海−气CO2交换通量的分布。上升流除增大东口海域pCO2外,富含CO2的水体自东向西输运,使得琼州海峡pCO2整体较高,是琼州海峡pCO2显著高于相邻及相似海域的主要影响因子之一。
另一方面,2011年夏季东口海域SSS与NpCO2呈显著负相关,与DO含量呈显著正相关(图3a图3b),而且DO含量与NpCO2呈显著负相关、与叶绿素a含量呈显著正相关(图3c图3d)。水体叶绿素a和DO含量升高、pCO2降低的现象是浮游植物繁殖控制pCO2的标志之一[34]。上升流在增大pCO2的同时,其携带的营养物质促进了浮游植物繁殖,浮游植物光合作用吸收水体CO2、释放O2,消耗了少量的涌升水体携带的CO2。2014年夏季东口海域无叶绿素a和DO含量明显升高、pCO2和NpCO2也无明显降低现象(图2k图2l),且NpCO2与SSS和DO含量相关性弱(图4a图4c),均与2011年夏季明显不同。主要是因为:(1)2014年夏季东口和海峡中部SSS均低于2011年夏季(图2b图2h),说明上升流较弱;(2)与2011年夏季不同,东口海域观测航迹主要位于海南岛东北角附近(图1),离上升流中心相对较远[35],上升流所引起的生态效应小;(3)海南岛东北角海域水体垂直混合作用显著[36],垂直混合破坏了上升流结构,进一步削弱了上升流的生态效应。
2011年夏季pCO2和NpCO2在西口口门附近海域陡然降低、DO和叶绿素a含量迅速升高,随后pCO2和NpCO2又快速升高,并沿西北方向缓慢降低(图2e图2f)。东口上升流海域水体携带的营养物质在穿过海峡中部时“来不及”消耗[29],到达西口口门时潮流方向发散、流速下降,水体中悬沙在口门附近沉淀堆积[37],水体透明度增加,浮游植物得以快速繁殖,致使在109.8°~109.9°E之间的小范围海域叶绿素a和DO含量陡增、pCO2和NpCO2突降,且叶绿素a和DO含量与pCO2和NpCO2的分布趋势呈现显著镜像关系(图2c至图2f),说明西口口门附近海域pCO2受浮游植物光合作用影响同样显著。但由于水体携带的营养物质有限,在西口口门被浮游植物生长快速消耗,随后浮游植物生长受到营养物质限制,叶绿素a和DO含量也随之降低,pCO2和NpCO2再迅速升高;水体在继续向西北方向输运的过程中营养物质得到补充,透明度逐渐增大[18],叶绿素a和DO含量逐渐增大,pCO2和NpCO2缓慢降低(图2c至图2f)。2014年夏季西口口门无pCO2和NpCO2突降、叶绿素a和DO含量陡增现象(图2i至图2l),主要是由于2014年夏季东口海域上升流较2011年夏季弱,水体穿过海峡中部、到达西口时携带的营养物质的量少,不足以促进浮游植物快速繁殖。
2011年夏季琼州海峡中部NpCO2变化范围为458~575 μatm,平均值为(547±12)μatm,高于东口和西口海域(表1图2f);2014年夏季琼州海峡中部NpCO2变化范围为515~561 μatm,平均值为(542±13)μatm,低于东口海域、高于西口海域(表1图2l),海峡中部NpCO2整体较高。而且,NpCO2与SSS呈显著正相关(图5a, 图6a),与DO含量呈负相关(图5b, 图6b)。主要是由于:(1)琼州海峡东口和西口均呈喇叭状,水体穿过海峡中部时狭管效应显著,潮流流速为南海之最,实测最大涨潮流速172 cm/s,最大落潮流速为142 cm/s[17-18]。东口海域高NpCO2、高SSS水体自东向西高速输运,且过程中不断被“稀释”,海峡中部NpCO2与SSS均自东向西逐渐降低(图2b图2h);(2)海峡中部潮流强、水体剧烈混合,下层低DO含量、高CO2含量的水体不断补充表层,2011年和2014年夏季海峡中部呈现低DO含量、高NpCO2现象,即NpCO2均与DO含量呈负相关(图5b, 图6b);(3)另外,海峡中部水体高速输运,浮游植物“来不及”繁殖[30],且水体混合作用强,底床泥沙容易再悬浮[38],降低了浮游植物的光合作用效率[39-40],致使海峡中部叶绿素a含量低,生物繁殖产生的O2少,消耗水体CO2也较少,且叶绿素a与DO相关性弱(图5c, 图6c)。以上因子都使得2011年和2014年夏季海峡中部NpCO2均较高。
(1)2011年和2014年夏季琼州海峡pCO2分别为(516±29)μatm和(533±15)μatm,高于相邻及相似海域,海−气CO2交换通量分别是(8.4±1.7)mmol/(m2·d)和(4.5±0.4) mmol/(m2·d),均是大气CO2的强源,主要受控于东口海域上升流和海峡中部狭管效应。
(2)东口海域上升流增大了琼州海峡整体pCO2,同时也促进了东口海域浮游植物繁殖,光合作用吸收水体CO2、降低了pCO2。2011年夏季,受东口海域较强上升流影响,西口口门附近pCO2突降、叶绿素a和DO含量陡增。
(3)海峡中部狭管效应显著,水体输运速率大、混合作用强,下层富含CO2的水体不断补充表层水体,且浮游植物“来不及”生长,都使得海峡中部pCO2较高。
  • 海洋观测预报与防灾减灾(2200128)。
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2020年第42卷第12期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.12.012
  • 接收时间:2020-03-17
  • 首发时间:2026-03-27
  • 出版时间:2020-12-25
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  • 收稿日期:2020-03-17
  • 修回日期:2020-07-24
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海洋观测预报与防灾减灾(2200128)。
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    1 国家海洋局南海调查技术中心,广东 广州 510300
    2 自然资源部海洋环境探测技术与应用重点实验室,广东 广州 510300
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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