Article(id=1244313108504752410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1244313103459008874, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.12.004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1577376000000, receivedDateStr=2019-12-27, revisedDate=1586275200000, revisedDateStr=2020-04-08, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774596963286, onlineDateStr=2026-03-27, pubDate=1608825600000, pubDateStr=2020-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774596963286, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774596963286, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774596963286, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1244313103459008874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2020', volume='42', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='128', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774596962084, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774597044552, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1244313449409393475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1244313103459008874, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1244313449409393476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1244313103459008874, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=34, endPage=43, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1244313110165696804, articleId=1244313108504752410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=Habitat suitability index for chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) in the Northwest Pacific Ocean, columnId=1194652705852465724, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Using fishery data of Scomber japonicus from Chinese light-purse seine fishing on the high seas of the Northwest Pacific Ocean from May to November during 2014 to 2017, and the environmental remote sensing data, the habitat suitability index (HSI) model of Scomber japonicus was constructed based on fish catch and nos of hauls, respectively. Applying sea surface temperature, sea level anomaly, chlorophyll a concentration, the suitability index model of each environmental variable was established by one-dimensional exponential regression fitting. The weight of each environmental factor was determined by linear programming method to improve the prediction precision of HSI model for fishing ground. The prediction accuracy of the HSI model was verified with the actual fishing data from May to November in 2018, and the results showed that in the sea areas with HSI values over 0.7, the fishing catches accounts for 77.29% for HSI model based on fish catch and 76.79% for HSI model based on nos of hauls respectively, which indicates that the HSI model based on different environmental factor weights can better predict the central fishing ground of Scomber japonicus on the high seas of the Northwest Pacific Ocean.

, correspAuthors=Fenghua Tang, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Haiyang Xuebao, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xiumei Fan, Fenghua Tang, Xuesen Cui, Shenglong Yang, Wenbin Zhu, Liangmin Huang), CN=ArticleExt(id=1244313111352684863, articleId=1244313108504752410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=基于栖息地指数的西北太平洋日本鲭渔情预报模型构建, columnId=1149698756456657529, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

根据2014−2017年5−11月西北太平洋公海灯光围网日本鲭(Scomber japonicus)生产数据,结合同期的环境遥感数据,分别基于捕捞量和作业次数,构建日本鲭栖息地适宜性指数(Habitat Suitability Index,HSI)模型。选取海表水温、海面高度异常和叶绿素a浓度,采用一元指数回归拟合,建立各个环境变量的适应性指数模型,并利用线性规划方法确定各环境因子的权重,从而提高日本鲭HSI模型对渔场的预报精度。利用2018年5−11月的实际捕捞数据对模型进行预报准确率验证,在基于渔获量和作业次数构建的HSI模型中,HSI大于0.7的海域,渔获量平均占比分别为77.29%、76.79%,这表明基于不同权重环境因子的HSI模型能够较好地预测西北太平洋公海日本鲭中心渔场。

, correspAuthors=唐峰华, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*唐峰华,副研究员,研究方向为海洋生态与渔业遥感学。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《海洋学报》编辑部 2023, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=/08ux9LwJowdSz78/qXEWA==, magXml=hi6eyLryEJNEnYTbmA11vA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=iLHVp8nl8mU+fDBBUmOGsQ==, pdfFileSize=2096030, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=t8G6BmuRKkWVsAN/KW7Dvg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=rAbvwu6xLDl74tWTcm1R7g==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

范秀梅(1984-),女,江苏省兴化市人,助理研究员,从事渔业遥感相关工作。E-mail:

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范秀梅(1984-),女,江苏省兴化市人,助理研究员,从事渔业遥感相关工作。E-mail:

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Periodical of Ocean University of China, 2019, 49(11): 29−38., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1246521522727309729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313108504752410, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划(2019YFD0901405);上海市自然科学基金项目(17ZR1439700);国家自然科学基金(41606138);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费项目(2018HY-ZD0103);浙江省远洋渔业资源探捕项目(SZGXZS2019087);福建省海洋渔业资源与生态环境重点实验室开放基金项目(fjmfre2019003)。, fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1246521514946875488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313108504752410, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1246521514955264097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313108504752410, companyId=1246521514946875488, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Key Laboratory of Oceanic and Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural 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country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 集美大学 福建省海洋渔业资源与生态环境重点实验室,福建 厦门 361021)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1246521519334117713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313108504752410, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Distribution of fish catches of Scomber japonicus in the Northwest Pacific Ocean during 2014−2018, figureFileSmall=ikgGhWD9DU1IkMYzpyGxxw==, figureFileBig=pqCbOylN4j7bJ7e5WmnOFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246521519438975317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313108504752410, language=CN, label=图1, caption=2014−2018年西北太平洋日本鲭渔获量的空间分布, figureFileSmall=ikgGhWD9DU1IkMYzpyGxxw==, figureFileBig=pqCbOylN4j7bJ7e5WmnOFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246521520999256413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313108504752410, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=The SI fitting curves of SST、SLA、CHL for Scomber japonicus in the Northwest Pacific Ocean, figureFileSmall=2u2No7nfBuM2mf0/Vle+9Q==, figureFileBig=AcSuzwNFiuDNPL4gbU8Vew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246521521112502625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313108504752410, language=CN, label=图2, caption=西北太平洋日本鲭SST、SLA、CHL适应性指数拟合曲线, figureFileSmall=2u2No7nfBuM2mf0/Vle+9Q==, figureFileBig=AcSuzwNFiuDNPL4gbU8Vew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246521521234137443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313108504752410, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Most suitable value and suitable value range for each factor, figureFileSmall=iNYzCCZXGISCo5Qr+J47xw==, figureFileBig=BcJMiDR0lQC8NgLTD1d62Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246521521380938087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313108504752410, language=CN, label=图3, caption=各因子最适值和最适区间, figureFileSmall=iNYzCCZXGISCo5Qr+J47xw==, figureFileBig=BcJMiDR0lQC8NgLTD1d62Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246521521552904552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313108504752410, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Spatial distribution of fish catch and HSI derived from HSI model based on nos of hauls from June to November in 2018, figureFileSmall=sutSOMJH0GTBBswxq4y1tg==, figureFileBig=ozCtVyYyKbjuzqKCbiiLbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246521521632596333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313108504752410, language=CN, label=图4, caption=2018年6−11月的渔获量与基于作业次数的HSI模型预报结果的空间分布, figureFileSmall=sutSOMJH0GTBBswxq4y1tg==, figureFileBig=ozCtVyYyKbjuzqKCbiiLbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246521521699705200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313108504752410, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Fish catches of Scomber japonicus in the Northwest Pacific Ocean during 2014−2018

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份
渔船数/艘
总渔获量/t
总作业次数/次
20141933 9431 460
20154875 9353 641
20166796 3835 158
201797120 5479 530
201861128 5868 818
), ArticleFig(id=1246521521808757108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313108504752410, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2014−2018年西北太平洋日本鲭渔获数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份
渔船数/艘
总渔获量/t
总作业次数/次
20141933 9431 460
20154875 9353 641
20166796 3835 158
201797120 5479 530
201861128 5868 818
), ArticleFig(id=1246521521901031799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313108504752410, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Fitting parameters of SI curves for three environmental factors based on fish catch

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
环境因子
参数
5月
6月
7月
8月
9月
10月
11月
  注:拟合结果均通过置信度为95%的显著性检验。
海表水温a10.521713.703215.590818.824417.880515.403913.1049
b5.61334.35574.09115.52314.89503.46375.8399
海面高度异常a2.4155−0.34564.52168.77838.618011.964412.5578
b10.02469.32548.382310.324410.42268.06479.6269
叶绿素a浓度的自然对数a−0.2750−0.7358−1.1793−1.3818−0.8005−0.2959−0.7107
b1.10610.42440.75290.79990.64340.87160.4304
), ArticleFig(id=1246521521997500795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313108504752410, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

基于渔获量的3种环境因子SI曲线拟合参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
环境因子
参数
5月
6月
7月
8月
9月
10月
11月
  注:拟合结果均通过置信度为95%的显著性检验。
海表水温a10.521713.703215.590818.824417.880515.403913.1049
b5.61334.35574.09115.52314.89503.46375.8399
海面高度异常a2.4155−0.34564.52168.77838.618011.964412.5578
b10.02469.32548.382310.324410.42268.06479.6269
叶绿素a浓度的自然对数a−0.2750−0.7358−1.1793−1.3818−0.8005−0.2959−0.7107
b1.10610.42440.75290.79990.64340.87160.4304
), ArticleFig(id=1246521522081386880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313108504752410, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Fitting parameters of SI curves for three environmental factors based on nos of hauls

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
环境因子
参数
5月
6月
7月
8月
9月
10月
11月
  注:拟合结果均通过置信度为95%显著性的检验。
海表水温a10.141813.340915.844218.827218.043315.349612.3691
b6.17624.20703.98315.56745.01003.68816.4226
海面高度异常a1.95621.12075.14309.59339.335812.430212.5191
b8.74209.03058.43559.71999.50608.18959.5266
叶绿素a浓度的自然对数a−0.5063−0.7273−1.2518−1.4220−0.8362−0.3532−0.7237
b0.83560.42690.64170.78200.72390.82200.4216
), ArticleFig(id=1246521522161078659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313108504752410, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

基于作业次数的3种环境因子SI曲线拟合参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
环境因子
参数
5月
6月
7月
8月
9月
10月
11月
  注:拟合结果均通过置信度为95%显著性的检验。
海表水温a10.141813.340915.844218.827218.043315.349612.3691
b6.17624.20703.98315.56745.01003.68816.4226
海面高度异常a1.95621.12075.14309.59339.335812.430212.5191
b8.74209.03058.43559.71999.50608.18959.5266
叶绿素a浓度的自然对数a−0.5063−0.7273−1.2518−1.4220−0.8362−0.3532−0.7237
b0.83560.42690.64170.78200.72390.82200.4216
), ArticleFig(id=1246521522261741961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313108504752410, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Weights for SST, SLA and CHL

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SI来源环境因子权重 5月6月7月8月9月10月11月平均
渔获量
海表水温c0.070.300.560.620.720.730.730.53
海面高度异常d0.640.600.440.380.280.270.270.41
叶绿素a浓度e0.290.100.000.000.000.000.000.06
作业次数
海表水温c0.000.380.810.740.950.610.470.56
海面高度异常d0.690.600.190.220.000.240.340.33
叶绿素a浓度e0.310.020.000.040.050.150.190.11
), ArticleFig(id=1246521522362405262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313108504752410, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

SST、SLA、CHL的权重

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SI来源环境因子权重 5月6月7月8月9月10月11月平均
渔获量
海表水温c0.070.300.560.620.720.730.730.53
海面高度异常d0.640.600.440.380.280.270.270.41
叶绿素a浓度e0.290.100.000.000.000.000.000.06
作业次数
海表水温c0.000.380.810.740.950.610.470.56
海面高度异常d0.690.600.190.220.000.240.340.33
叶绿素a浓度e0.310.020.000.040.050.150.190.11
), ArticleFig(id=1246521522463068562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313108504752410, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Proportion of practical catch under different levels of HSI in 2018

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
HSI级别HSI来源实际渔获产量占比/%
5月6月7月8月9月10月11月平均
0~0.3渔获量0.030.257.370.008.990.980.002.52
0.3~0.715.7912.6440.096.0316.0950.340.3620.19
0.7~1.084.1887.1152.5493.9774.9248.6899.6477.29
0~0.3作业次数6.440.165.080.0011.040.810.133.38
0.3~0.744.678.357.606.0010.0156.545.6419.83
0.7~1.048.8991.4987.3294.0078.9542.6594.2376.79
), ArticleFig(id=1246521522538566038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313108504752410, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

2018年实际产量在不同HSI级别中所占比重

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
HSI级别HSI来源实际渔获产量占比/%
5月6月7月8月9月10月11月平均
0~0.3渔获量0.030.257.370.008.990.980.002.52
0.3~0.715.7912.6440.096.0316.0950.340.3620.19
0.7~1.084.1887.1152.5493.9774.9248.6899.6477.29
0~0.3作业次数6.440.165.080.0011.040.810.133.38
0.3~0.744.678.357.606.0010.0156.545.6419.83
0.7~1.048.8991.4987.3294.0078.9542.6594.2376.79
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基于栖息地指数的西北太平洋日本鲭渔情预报模型构建
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范秀梅 1 , 唐峰华 1, * , 崔雪森 1 , 杨胜龙 1 , 朱文斌 2 , 黄良敏 3
海洋学报 | 论文 2020,42(12): 34-43
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海洋学报 | 论文 2020, 42(12): 34-43
基于栖息地指数的西北太平洋日本鲭渔情预报模型构建
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范秀梅1 , 唐峰华1, * , 崔雪森1, 杨胜龙1, 朱文斌2, 黄良敏3
作者信息
  • 1 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 农业农村部远洋与极地渔业创新重点实验室,上海 200090
  • 2 浙江省海洋水产研究所,浙江 舟山 316021
  • 3 集美大学 福建省海洋渔业资源与生态环境重点实验室,福建 厦门 361021
  • 范秀梅(1984-),女,江苏省兴化市人,助理研究员,从事渔业遥感相关工作。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*唐峰华,副研究员,研究方向为海洋生态与渔业遥感学。E-mail:
Habitat suitability index for chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) in the Northwest Pacific Ocean
Xiumei Fan1 , Fenghua Tang1, * , Xuesen Cui1, Shenglong Yang1, Wenbin Zhu2, Liangmin Huang3
Affiliations
  • 1 Key Laboratory of Oceanic and Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China
  • 2 Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Zhejiang, Zhoushan 316021, China
  • 3 Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
出版时间: 2020-12-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.12.004
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根据2014−2017年5−11月西北太平洋公海灯光围网日本鲭(Scomber japonicus)生产数据,结合同期的环境遥感数据,分别基于捕捞量和作业次数,构建日本鲭栖息地适宜性指数(Habitat Suitability Index,HSI)模型。选取海表水温、海面高度异常和叶绿素a浓度,采用一元指数回归拟合,建立各个环境变量的适应性指数模型,并利用线性规划方法确定各环境因子的权重,从而提高日本鲭HSI模型对渔场的预报精度。利用2018年5−11月的实际捕捞数据对模型进行预报准确率验证,在基于渔获量和作业次数构建的HSI模型中,HSI大于0.7的海域,渔获量平均占比分别为77.29%、76.79%,这表明基于不同权重环境因子的HSI模型能够较好地预测西北太平洋公海日本鲭中心渔场。

栖息地适宜性指数  /  渔场  /  西北太平洋  /  日本鲭

Using fishery data of Scomber japonicus from Chinese light-purse seine fishing on the high seas of the Northwest Pacific Ocean from May to November during 2014 to 2017, and the environmental remote sensing data, the habitat suitability index (HSI) model of Scomber japonicus was constructed based on fish catch and nos of hauls, respectively. Applying sea surface temperature, sea level anomaly, chlorophyll a concentration, the suitability index model of each environmental variable was established by one-dimensional exponential regression fitting. The weight of each environmental factor was determined by linear programming method to improve the prediction precision of HSI model for fishing ground. The prediction accuracy of the HSI model was verified with the actual fishing data from May to November in 2018, and the results showed that in the sea areas with HSI values over 0.7, the fishing catches accounts for 77.29% for HSI model based on fish catch and 76.79% for HSI model based on nos of hauls respectively, which indicates that the HSI model based on different environmental factor weights can better predict the central fishing ground of Scomber japonicus on the high seas of the Northwest Pacific Ocean.

habitat suitability index  /  fishing grounds  /  the Northwest Pacific Ocean  /  Scomber japonicus
范秀梅, 唐峰华, 崔雪森, 杨胜龙, 朱文斌, 黄良敏. 基于栖息地指数的西北太平洋日本鲭渔情预报模型构建. 海洋学报, 2020 , 42 (12) : 34 -43 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.12.004
Xiumei Fan, Fenghua Tang, Xuesen Cui, Shenglong Yang, Wenbin Zhu, Liangmin Huang. Habitat suitability index for chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) in the Northwest Pacific Ocean[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2020 , 42 (12) : 34 -43 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.12.004
日本鲭(Scomber japonicus),俗称鲐鱼,属于暖水性中上层鱼类,在水深0~300 m的水层生活,游泳能力较强,具有季节性索饵洄游的特性,春、夏北上索饵洄游,秋、东南下越冬[1],广泛分布于印度洋、大西洋、北太平洋西部及俄罗斯远东地区,最北可到鄂霍次克海,是重要的海洋经济鱼类之一[2]。研究认为东海、日本海和西北太平洋公海的日本鲭的渔场分布与海表水温(Sea Surface Temperature, SST)、海面高度异常(Sea Level Anomaly, SLA)、叶绿素a浓度(Chlorophyll a Concentration, CHL)等环境因子密切相关[3-7]。为了保护我国近海渔业资源,解决中国、日本、韩国渔业协定生效后捕捞能力的过剩和水产品供应缺口的问题,我国于2014年开始实施西北太平洋公海拖网、围网渔业项目,开发西北太平洋公海渔业资源,主要以灯光作业的方式,捕捞日本鲭、沙丁鱼和柔鱼等,其中日本鲭为主要渔获[8],因此对西北太平洋公海的日本鲭资源丰度及渔场的时空分布进行探究就越来越重要。
栖息地适宜性指数(Habitat Suitability Index,HSI)模型(简称栖息地指数模型)早期被美国学者们应用于陆地和淡水野生动物中[9-10],后来逐渐用于河口与近海环境中[11-12]。HSI模型可以模拟生物对各种环境因子的响应,用于评价野生生物的栖息地适宜程度,HSI的取值范围为0~1,值越大表示栖息地适宜度越高[13]。HSI模型的输出结果能够很好地展示在地图上,标示出动物适宜栖息地的空间分布,一定程度上适合了渔业资源管理和开发的需要,所以在渔场预报中得到了越来越广泛的使用[4, 14-15]。建立HSI模型时,主要有两种方法来计算HSI值,一种是认为各个环境因子对渔场形成的影响程度一致,例如采用算术平均(Arithmetic Mean Model, AMM)或者几何平均[4, 16];另一种则是考虑不同环境变量对渔场形成的影响程度不同,采用加权平均法来计算HSI。易炜等[17]在建立东海日本鲭的HSI模型过程中,考虑到各环境因子随时间变化对渔场分布的影响程度不同,对不同月份的环境因子的权重进行重新探讨,将各环境因子的适应性指数(Suitability Index,SI)模型的结果以加权算术平均的方法输入HSI模型,结果表明在HIS模型中考虑权重会提高预报精度。
国内外学者对日本鲭生物学特征的变化及环境因子对其分布的影响研究主要集中在东海、日本海等近海区域[7, 18-19],西北太平洋公海日本鲭的相关研究还不多,本研究利用2014−2017年的西北太平洋公海日本鲭渔场灯光围网作业的捕捞数据,结合环境因子:叶绿素a浓度、海表水温、海面高度异常,基于加权平均法,分别建立了基于渔获量和作业次数的日本鲭栖息地适宜性指数HSI模型,并利用2018年的环境数据和捕捞数据对模型的预报结果进行了验证。
日本鲭的渔获数据来自中国远洋渔业协会公海拖网、围网技术组提供的西北太平洋公海灯光围网渔捞日志,该渔捞日志中,日本鲭的产量占80%~90%,为主要渔获。数据记录包括日期、纬度、经度、产量等,时间为2014−2018年5−11月。各年的作业船数、产量、作业次数如表1所示,2014−2018年的渔获量的地理空间分布如图1所示。
海表水温和叶绿素数据来自美国国家海洋和大气管理局(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA)(https://oceanwatch.pifsc.noaa.gov/erddap/griddap/index),时间分辨率为月平均,空间分辨率为(1/12)°(约8 km)。海面高度异常数据来自哥白尼海洋环境监测服务中心(Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service, CMEMS)提供的再分析数据(http://marine.copernicus.eu/services-portfolio/access-to-products/),时间分辨率为月平均,空间精度为(1/12)°。环境数据的范围为西北太平洋公海日本鲭渔场,经纬度范围为30°~50°N,140°~170°E。
本研究假定最多渔获量或者最高作业次数的区域为最适合日本鲭生活的区域,设定其SI为1,认为日本鲭资源最丰富;渔获量为0或者作业次数为0 的区域为最不适合日本鲭生活的区域,设定其SI为0,认为日本鲭资源量最少。计算公式如下:
${{\rm{SI}}}_{i,{\rm{cat}}}=\frac{{CAT}_{i}}{{CAT}_{i,\max}} {\text{或}} {{\rm{SI}}}_{i,{\rm{num}}}=\frac{{NUM}_{i}}{{NUM}_{i,\max}},$
式中,$ i $代表月份;$ {{\rm{SI}}}_{i,{\rm{cat}}} $表示$ i $月基于渔获量计算的适应性指数;$ {{\rm{SI}}}_{i,{\rm{num}}} $表示$ i $月基于作业次数计算的适应性指数;$ {CAT}_{i,\max} $表示$ i $月最大的渔获量;$ {NUM}_{i,\max} $$ i $月最高作业次数。
利用一元非线性回归来建立SI与SST、SLA、CHL自然对数(ln(CHL))之间的关系模型。一元非线性函数可以将离散的SI和环境变量的关系转为连续的随机变量关系。一元非线性的拟合函数为高斯函数,表达式如下:
${{\rm{SI}}}_{i,{\rm{cat}}}={{\rm{e}}}^{-{\left(\frac{x-a}{b}\right)}^{2}} {\text{或}} {{\rm{SI}}}_{i,{\rm{num}}}={{\rm{e}}}^{-{\left(\frac{x-a}{b}\right)}^{2}},$
式中,$ {{\rm{SI}}}_{i,{\rm{cat}}} $$ {{\rm{SI}}}_{i,{\rm{num}}} $由公式(1)计算得到;$ x $表示环境因子SST、ln(CHL)、SLA的值。考虑到网格面积大小随纬度增高而变小,面积不一样,可容纳的作业渔船数量不一样,资源量也不一样,计算适应性指数时,直接利用渔捞日志中记录的每个作业网次的原始数据,不使用空间网格的统计数据,具体作业位置的环境因子数值通过环境数据插值得到。利用matlab软件拟合可求解公式(2)中的常数值$ a $$ b $。需要注意的是叶绿素a浓度的分布具有偏态性,自然对数可以很好地纠正数据的偏态性,故分别对它们求自然对数,使得数据的分布符合正态分布,然后再进行拟合。
在高斯函数中,如公式(2),a为拟合曲线尖峰的中心,$ {b}/{\sqrt{2}} $为标准方差,描述了数据分布的离散程度。高斯函数的分布特征为函数曲线下68.27%的面积在曲线尖峰的中心a左右的一个标准差$ {b}/{\sqrt{2}} $范围内。利用高斯函数的这个分布特征,根据公式(2)可以获得各个环境因子的最适值区间,$ \left[ {a}-{b}/{\sqrt{2}} \right.$, $\left. {a}+{b}/{\sqrt{2}}\right]$=[$ {a}-0.707\;1\times{b} $, $ {a}+0.707\;1\times{b} $],其对应的SI值范围为[0.606 5, 1],这与陈新军等[20]的利用适应性指数SI大于0.6作为生物的最适栖息范围相符。故设定环境因子的最适值为a, 最适区间的上限值为$ {a}+{b}/{\sqrt{2}} $,最适区间的下限值为$ {a}-{b}/{\sqrt{2}} $
栖息地适宜性指数HSI值的变化区间为[0,1],表示从不适宜到最适宜。考虑到各环境因子对日本鲭资源分布的影响程度不一致,利用多元线性规划求解公式(3)中各个环境变量的权重系数,以区别不同环境因子的重要性。综合栖息地指数的计算公式如下:
$ {\rm{HSI}}={c\times {\rm{SI}}}_{{\rm{SST}}}+{d\times {\rm{SI}}}_{{\rm{SLA}}}+{{{e}}\times {\rm{SI}}}_{{\rm{CHL}}}, $
式中,cde表示权重值,均大于0,小于1,且$ c+d+ e=1 $,利用matlab软件的规划求解可得到这些权重系数的值。公式(3)中,没有添加回归截距项,因为这里的截距并无实际意义,而权重系数cde的意义比较明显,表示环境变量的变动对因变量HSI变动的影响程度,故此处仅关注回归系数。
利用2018年5−11月实际捕捞作业数据对该HSI模型的渔场预报精度进行验证。将环境数据输入HSI模型,获得模型的理论HSI值,按照高、中、低3个区间,分别统计其中的渔获量占比,在HSI的高值区间中,渔获占比越高表明预报越准确。渔获数据按照经纬度网格0.5° × 0.5°进行统计后,将模型预报的HSI值与实际渔获量的分布在地图中叠加显示,HSI高值区间与实际捕捞的渔获量的重叠度越高,表明预报精度越高,根据精度的验证结果探讨预测北太平洋公海日本鲭中心渔场的可行性。
采用高斯函数回归拟合,按照不同月份分别建立各环境因子与渔获量和作业次数的SI模型,参数拟合结果如表2表3所示。图2显示了不同月份的SI值与各环境因子的曲线分布,所有的拟合结果均通过了置信度为95%的显著性检验。
按月计算得到各环境因子的最适值和最适区间,如图3所示。从图3中可见红色、黑色粗实线和红点、黑点画线基本重叠,表明基于渔获量和基于作业次数计算的最适值和最适区间基本相同,以作业次数计算的结果为例来分析。SST的最适区间呈先增大后减小的变化趋势,在8月达到最大值(18.83±3.94)℃,5月最低(10.14±4.37)℃(图3a)。SLA的最适区间5−6月呈现微弱的降低,6月达到最低(1.12±6.39)cm,6−11月SLA逐渐递增,11月达到最高(12.52±6.74)cm(图3b)。CHL的最适值极值的变化呈现两个波峰,分别出现在5月和10月,最适区间分别为[0.3338 mg/m3,1.0882 mg/m3]和[0.3928 mg/m3,1.2561 mg/m3],波谷出现在8月,最适区间为[0.1388 mg/m3,0.4194 mg/m3](图3c)。
将SST、CHL、SLA的适应性指数SI模型带入综合栖息地指数HSI模型公式(3)的右侧,将利用渔获量和作业次数计算得到SI真实值带入公式(3)的左侧。得到多元线性方程组,方程组的未知数为各环境因子SI的权重系数,权重系数的大小有约束条件,故利用matlab软件进行线性规划求解,结果见表4
表4中的cde分别为SST、CHL、SLA的SI的权重系数,基于渔获量和作业次数计算的SST的权重系数均值分别为0.53和0.56,SLA的权重系数均值分别为0.41和0.33,叶绿素a浓度的权重系数分别为0.06和0.11。SST和SLA两种环境因子的SI的权重之和达到90%以上,由此可知日本鲭渔场的形成与海表水温SST和海面高度异常SLA的关系密切。
利用2018年5−11月的日本鲭西北太平洋公海灯光围网实际的生产数据对建立的HSI模型的预报结果进行验证。将2018年5−11月的环境因子SST、CHL、SLA输入HSI模型,得到各月HSI的空间分布图,统计HSI 3个区间0~0.3、0.3~0.7、0.7~1.0中实际渔获产量的占比,结果如表5所示。
表5中,实际渔获产量在基于渔获量的HSI值的[0.7, 1]区间中月平均占比77.29%,在基于作业次数的HSI的[0.7, 1]区间中平均占比76.79%,在HSI的[0.3, 0]区间中,二者的值分别为20.19%和19.83%。这表明两种方法建立的HSI模型在预报日本鲭鱼渔场的精度上相差不大。以基于作业次数建立的HSI模型预报结果为例,将各月的渔获量与HSI值的空间分布进行叠加对比,结果如图4所示,二者的重合度较好,表明该模型能够很好的预报西北太平洋日本鲭渔场。
西北太平洋公海日本鲭中心渔场分布于水团结构复杂的黑潮暖水系和亲潮冷水系的交汇区域,与北太平洋柔鱼渔场部分重叠[21],属于寒暖流交汇型渔场。日本鲭是一种长距离洄游的鱼类,渔场的位置与洄游路线及海洋环境密切相关,Kanamori等[5]研究表明西北太平洋的日本鲭产卵时间和产卵场的地理分布会受到海表水温的影响。海面高度异常区常常伴随着相关海洋环境的变化,可以用来寻找涡旋、冷暖锋面、上升流和下沉流等,存在这些要素的海区可能是鱼群的聚居地[22]。 Lee等[7]利用韩国商业渔船捕捞数据和SST、CHL、初级生产力数据建立了日本海和韩国南部海域日本鲭的HSI模型,用于对该海区的日本鲭渔场进行可靠的预测。武胜男等[6]研究认为,与西北太平洋日本鲭资源量有显著关系的影响因子有:北极涛动指数(Arctic Oscillation, AO)、太平洋年代际震荡指数(Pacific Decadel Oscillations, PDO)、SST、SLA和海表面盐度。由于气候指示因子通常是一个随时间变化的单值,没有地理空间的分布信息,可用来研究鱼类资源丰度年际变化,而不适合构建栖息地适宜性HSI模型,另外气候指标需要10年以上的捕捞数据,而文中的数据跨度为最近5年内的。叶绿素a浓度是生物量和生产力的间接表示,虽然日本鲭不是浮游植物的直接捕食者,但位于食物链中间的中小体型鱼类会受到叶绿素分布的影响[23]。戴澍蔚等[3]根据2014−2015年的围拖网日本鲭生产数据结合同期的环境因子,利用GAM模型分析得到了北太平洋公海渔场日本鲭的最适宜CHL、SST和SLA的区间。文中选择SST、CHL、SLA作为主要影响西北太平洋日本鲭分布的环境因子来建立HSI模型。
单位努力量渔获量(Catch Per Unit Effort,CPUE)作为表征渔场资源丰度的指标,在鱼类栖息地的研究中已经有较多相关的应用[24]。Bordalo-Machado[25]认为商业性渔船的CPUE并不是一个可靠的资源丰度指标。CPUE会受捕捞技术的影响, 船的功率、大小、捕捞能力、网具等均会对CPUE的计算结果产生影响,考虑到相关的数据获取难度大,CPUE标准化较难,所以一般假设每艘船的捕捞能力是等效的[26];商业性渔船的集中捕捞,导致CPUE偏低;另外,从渔船的生产数据看,渔船不会长时间的在同一地点捕鱼,在某些区域会进行短时间的捕捞作业,作业次数小,产量小,而CPUE却可能较高,这会导致高估该海区的资源量。作业次数和渔获量通常成正比关系,作业次数反映了渔船的集中程度和渔民对产量的满意度[25],如果产量低了,渔船可能就会离开。作业次数多的海区表明该区域有很高的渔获量,渔获量可作为渔业资源丰度的直接指标,所以在商业渔船的作业数据应用中,有时作业次数和渔获量比CPUE更能作为反映渔场资源丰度的指标。例如Tian等[16]利用中国商业鱿钓渔船的生产数据和环境数据(海表水温、盐度),比较了基于CPUE和作业次数建立的西北太平洋柔鱼HSI模型,结果表明,基于CPUE的HSI模型高估了柔鱼的最佳栖息地范围,低估了最佳栖息地范围的月变化,而基于作业次数的HSI模型能更好地定义柔鱼的栖息地范围。本文尝试利用正态分布函数拟合CPUE与环境因子SST、CHL和SLA之间的非线性关系,效果并不理想,而渔获量和作业次数与环境因子间存在着明显的正态分布关系(图2),分别建立了基于渔获量和作业次数的HSI模型。表5的结果表明,以渔获量和以作业次数为基础构建的HSI模型的预报精度相近,二者皆可用来构建北太平洋日本鲭渔场的预报模型。
在构建HSI模型的过程中,采用线性规划求解方法确定HSI模型中各个环境因子的SI的权重系数,而不采用简单的算术平均或者几何平均[27],提高了模型的准确性。不同环境因子的权重能反映各个环境变量在决定渔场的过程中所起的作用大小[28-29]。日本鲭繁殖能力强、生长快,当环境适宜时日本鲭资源将大幅增加。王从军等[30]研究表明东海日本鲭资源的丰度指数与日本鲭产卵场产卵季节的平均SST呈正相关,李纲等[31]则认为东海和黄海的日本鲭资源量与产卵场的SST呈非线性相关,SST的适宜范围18.5~20.6℃内,资源量将增加,否则将减少。由于研究所用的数据不同,学者们的结论也存在异同,但都说明了SST与日本鲭鱼资源变动相关性很大。本研究得到SST的权重系数的月平均占比在50%以上,表明SST是影响日本鲭分布的主要因素。
SLA的SI模型的权重系数月平均占比在30%左右,表明SLA是影响日本鲭分布的次要因素。李纲等[32]从2004年7−8月的东海灯光围网日本鲭产量分布和相应的东海海面高度场分布的对比关系中,得出日本鲭的作业海域始终位于SLA高值和低值的交会区,且产量的最大值总是在SSH的高值区一侧。从图3b中可见西北太平洋的日本鲭鱼在5−11月间的最适SLA值位于0值且偏正值附近,与东海日本鲭的SLA最适值分布相似。SST和SLA权重系数相加,占比在80%以上。这表示在实际的渔情预报中,我们通过SST和SLA两种环境因子的数据就可以对日本鲭渔场的位置进行大致的判断。本文基于渔获量和作业次数建立的模型预报结果分别为77.29%、76.79%,达到了很好的预测效果。
本文建立HSI模型使用的捕捞数据来自在西北太平洋公海从事灯光围网的中国商用渔船,时间为2014−2017年的5−11月。计算过程中,将2014−2017年相同月份的数据糅合到一起,所以各年间的捕捞量差异不影响模型的结果。各环境因子SST、CHL和SLA的适应性指数SI模型的建立依赖于这些渔船的作业次数和渔获量数据,渔船捕捞作业数据越丰富、渔捞日志记录的准确度越高,模型的准确度越高。该HSI模型的建立受限于4年的捕捞数据,但随着中国渔船在西北太平洋公海的日本鲭捕捞作业的持续性开展,将会有越来越多的捕捞数据,用于日本鲭的研究工作,HSI模型也会随之逐步完善。
理想的HSI模型要求简单明了的输入所有影响生物分布的关键的环境因子,但渔类资源的分布是许多生态系统变量的综合作用的结果。除了SST、SLA和叶绿素a浓度,海流[33]、水温的垂直分布[34]、海表面盐度、亲潮和黑潮冷暖水团的季节变化等也是影响渔业资源分布的影响因子,在今后的研究中会结合更多的环境因子,更全面的研究分析北太平洋日本鲭渔场资源的形成机制和分布规律,为我国北太平洋渔业资源的可持续开发利用提供信息参考。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2019YFD0901405);上海市自然科学基金项目(17ZR1439700);国家自然科学基金(41606138);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费项目(2018HY-ZD0103);浙江省远洋渔业资源探捕项目(SZGXZS2019087);福建省海洋渔业资源与生态环境重点实验室开放基金项目(fjmfre2019003)。
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2020年第42卷第12期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.12.004
  • 接收时间:2019-12-27
  • 首发时间:2026-03-27
  • 出版时间:2020-12-25
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  • 收稿日期:2019-12-27
  • 修回日期:2020-04-08
基金
国家重点研发计划(2019YFD0901405);上海市自然科学基金项目(17ZR1439700);国家自然科学基金(41606138);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费项目(2018HY-ZD0103);浙江省远洋渔业资源探捕项目(SZGXZS2019087);福建省海洋渔业资源与生态环境重点实验室开放基金项目(fjmfre2019003)。
作者信息
    1 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 农业农村部远洋与极地渔业创新重点实验室,上海 200090
    2 浙江省海洋水产研究所,浙江 舟山 316021
    3 集美大学 福建省海洋渔业资源与生态环境重点实验室,福建 厦门 361021

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*唐峰华,副研究员,研究方向为海洋生态与渔业遥感学。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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