Article(id=1244313009959580127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1244313004368572820, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.11.012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1564588800000, receivedDateStr=2019-08-01, revisedDate=1582300800000, revisedDateStr=2020-02-22, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774596939791, onlineDateStr=2026-03-27, pubDate=1606233600000, pubDateStr=2020-11-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774596939791, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774596939791, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774596939791, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1244313004368572820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2020', volume='42', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='154', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774596938458, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774597068580, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1244313550202712900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1244313004368572820, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1244313550202712901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1244313004368572820, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=123, endPage=130, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1244313011884765706, articleId=1244313009959580127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=Model tests on penetration depth of hall anchor in silty sand, columnId=1194652705852465724, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The structures in the riverbed or seabed may be affected or damaged by emergency anchoring. In the channel with frequent navigation, the emergency anchoring penetration depth need to be fully considered during the design of the buried depth of structures in riverbed. In this paper, small scale model tests are carried out to simulate the process of anchoring penetration of hall anchor in silty sand, and the influences of different impact velocities (1.15−4.4 m/s) and relative density of silty sand (0.45−0.65) on anchoring penetration depth are investigated. Based on the Terzaghi ultimate bearing capacity theory and the energy conservation law, the expression of penetration depth of the hall anchor in silty sand is deduced, and the theoretical calculation results are conservative compared with experimental results, the revised results of the theoretical calculation results are in good agreement with experimental data. The research results can provide a reference for the design of buried depth of structures in silty sand riverbed or seabed.

, correspAuthors=Kecheng Zhang, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Haiyang Xuebao, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Hui Wang, Kecheng Zhang, Zhongtao Wang, Yu Zhang, Hongbo Wang), CN=ArticleExt(id=1244313016456557230, articleId=1244313009959580127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=霍尔锚在粉细砂中抛锚深度模型试验, columnId=1149698756456657529, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

航船应急抛锚时锚板贯入土体可能会影响河床或海床中的结构物甚者造成破坏,因此在通航频繁的航道,结构物埋深的设计需要充分考虑应急抛锚时锚板的贯入深度。本文通过缩尺模型试验模拟了霍尔锚在中等密实度粉细砂中的抛锚贯入过程,研究了不同抛锚速度(1.15~4.4 m/s)及粉细砂相对密实度(0.45~0.65)对抛锚贯入深度的影响;基于太沙基极限承载力理论和能量守恒定律,推导出霍尔锚在粉细砂土中贯入深度的表达式,与模型试验结果对比显示理论计算结果偏于保守。基于试验结果提出修正系数,修正后的理论公式能够较好地快速预测霍尔锚在中等密实度粉细砂中的贯入深度。研究结果为粉细砂土河床或海床中的结构物埋深设计提供了一定的技术参考。

, correspAuthors=张可成, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*张可成(1986-),男,江苏省徐州市人,主要从事船舶设计。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《海洋学报》编辑部 2023, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=EZPfoUojSB1JiWDcZWFoeg==, magXml=3Yjmi1qE9ws5ADqdlkAi5A==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=cHkpP8gP0TT7CFN7P7kpTQ==, pdfFileSize=1647763, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=lyZSCKkasi8Pu7O9+xL7VQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=4M2Ppkn1Hu7A9NDAXU4V4g==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

王慧(1995-),女,山东省烟台市人,主要从事海洋岩土工程研究。E-mail:

, authorsList=王慧, 张可成, 王忠涛, 张宇, 王洪波)}, authors=[Author(id=1248261494853489152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=wh17854227751@mail.dlut.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1248261495054815750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, authorId=1248261494853489152, language=EN, stringName=Hui Wang, firstName=Hui, middleName=null, lastName=Wang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1248261495172256269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, authorId=1248261494853489152, language=CN, stringName=王慧, firstName=慧, middleName=null, lastName=王, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 大连理工大学 海岸和近海工程国家重点实验室,辽宁 大连 116023, bio={"content":"

王慧(1995-),女,山东省烟台市人,主要从事海洋岩土工程研究。E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

王慧(1995-),女,山东省烟台市人,主要从事海洋岩土工程研究。E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1248261494496973293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1248261494505361902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, companyId=1248261494496973293, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1248261494513750511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, companyId=1248261494496973293, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 大连理工大学 海岸和近海工程国家重点实验室,辽宁 大连 116023)])]), Author(id=1248261495319056913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=zhkc2789@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1248261495428108826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, authorId=1248261495319056913, language=EN, stringName=Kecheng Zhang, firstName=Kecheng, middleName=null, lastName=Zhang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, *, address=2 Shanghai Ship & Shipping Research Institute, Shanghai 200135, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1248261495528772126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, authorId=1248261495319056913, language=CN, stringName=张可成, firstName=可成, middleName=null, lastName=张, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, *, address=2 上海船舶运输科学研究所,上海 200135, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1248261494589247987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1248261494597636596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, companyId=1248261494589247987, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Shanghai Ship & Shipping Research Institute, Shanghai 200135, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1248261494601830901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, companyId=1248261494589247987, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 上海船舶运输科学研究所,上海 200135)])]), Author(id=1248261495629435426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1248261495730098730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, authorId=1248261495629435426, language=EN, stringName=Zhongtao Wang, firstName=Zhongtao, middleName=null, lastName=Wang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1248261495834956336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, authorId=1248261495629435426, language=CN, stringName=王忠涛, firstName=忠涛, middleName=null, lastName=王, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 大连理工大学 海岸和近海工程国家重点实验室,辽宁 大连 116023, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1248261494496973293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1248261494505361902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, companyId=1248261494496973293, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1248261494513750511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, companyId=1248261494496973293, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 大连理工大学 海岸和近海工程国家重点实验室,辽宁 大连 116023)])]), Author(id=1248261495939813941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1248261496032088634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, authorId=1248261495939813941, language=EN, stringName=Yu Zhang, firstName=Yu, middleName=null, lastName=Zhang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1248261496120169021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, authorId=1248261495939813941, language=CN, stringName=张宇, firstName=宇, middleName=null, lastName=张, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 大连理工大学 海岸和近海工程国家重点实验室,辽宁 大连 116023, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1248261494496973293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1248261494505361902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, companyId=1248261494496973293, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1248261494513750511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, companyId=1248261494496973293, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 大连理工大学 海岸和近海工程国家重点实验室,辽宁 大连 116023)])]), Author(id=1248261496199860800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1248261496296329797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, authorId=1248261496199860800, language=EN, stringName=Hongbo Wang, firstName=Hongbo, middleName=null, lastName=Wang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3 China Resources Land Co., Ltd., Dalian 116019, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1248261496384410187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, authorId=1248261496199860800, language=CN, stringName=王洪波, firstName=洪波, middleName=null, lastName=王, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3 华润置地大连有限公司,辽宁 大连 116019, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1248261494685716984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1248261494706688507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, companyId=1248261494685716984, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 China Resources Land Co., Ltd., Dalian 116019, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1248261494715077116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, companyId=1248261494685716984, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 华润置地大连有限公司,辽宁 大连 116019)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1248261496581542482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=Hall anchor), Keyword(id=1248261496673817175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=silty sand), Keyword(id=1248261496778674780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=penetration depth), Keyword(id=1248261496879338085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=impact velocity), Keyword(id=1248261496967418473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=霍尔锚), Keyword(id=1248261497072276079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=粉细砂土), Keyword(id=1248261497172939383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=抛锚深度), Keyword(id=1248261497244242558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=抛锚速度)], refs=[Reference(id=1248261504240341901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=贾琇明, 岳来群, 韦子亮. 有关我国深海油气资源勘探开发的几点思考[J]. 国土资源情报, 2005(7): 5−7., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1248261504341005203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jia Xiuming, Yue Laiqun, Wei Ziliang. Some thoughts on exploration and development of oil and gas resources of China in deep sea[J]. Land and Resources Information, 2005(7): 5−7., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1248261504433279895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王巍巍. 船舶应急抛锚贯入深度分析[J]. 船舶物资与市场, 2019(1): 37−38., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1248261504542331805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Weiwei. Analysis of emergency anchoring penetration depth[J]. Marine Equipment Materials & Marketing, 2019(1): 37−38., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1248261504710103969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Young C W. Penetration equations[R]. Albuquerque, New Mexico: Sandia National Laboratories, 1997: 4−12., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1248261504785601447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Raie M S, Tassoulas J L. Installation of torpedo anchors: numerical modeling[J]. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 2009, 135(12): 1805−1813., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1248261504869487529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=韩聪聪, 陈学俭, 刘君. 霍尔锚抛锚深度模型试验研究[J]. 海洋工程, 2018, 36(5): 90−98., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1248261504957567919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Han Congcong, Chen Xuejian, Liu Jun. Model tests on penetration depth of hall anchor[J]. The Ocean Engineering, 2018, 36(5): 90−98., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1248261505049842610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=8, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Han Congcong, Chen Xuejian, Liu Jun. Physical and numerical modeling of dynamic penetration of ship anchor in clay[J]. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, 2019, 145(1): 04018030., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1248261505150505909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=洪大林, 谢瑞, 张思和, 等. 苏通长江公路大桥桥区河床抗冲性能试验研究[J]. 海洋工程, 2003, 21(4): 91−96., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1248261505242780599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hong Dalin, Xie Rui, Zhang Sihe, et al. Experiment test on river-bed erosion-resistant characteristics in the bridge region of Su-tong Yangtze River Highway Bridge[J]. The Ocean Engineering, 2003, 21(4): 91−96., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1248261505318278073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=11, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=戚秀莲, 朱元生. 长江口南港河段水文泥沙特性及河床演变分析[J]. 海洋工程, 2000, 18(4): 74−79., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1248261505381192637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=12, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Qi Xiulian, Zhu Yuansheng. Characteristics of hydrology and sediment and evolution of river bed in the southern branch of Yangtze Estuary[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2000, 18(4): 74−79., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1248261505511216069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=13, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李晓松, 孔宪卫. 船舶应急抛锚贯入深度研究[J]. 中国水运, 2017, 17(12): 15−16., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1248261505603490760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li Xiaosong, Kong Xianwei. Research on emergency anchoring penetration depth[J]. China Water Transport, 2017, 17(12): 15−16., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1248261505683182541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杜颖, 陈峰, 徐伟. 砂土基质下落锚深度试验研究及计算方法[J]. 南方能源建设, 2018, 5(S1): 222−227., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1248261505800623060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Du Ying, Chen Feng, Xu Wei. Experimental study and calculation method of falling anchor depth under sand soil[J]. Southern Energy Construction, 2018, 5(S1): 222−227., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1248261505884509140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=17, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=国家技术监督局. GB/T 546−1997, 霍尔锚[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 1997., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1248261505989366744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=18, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=The State Bureau of Technology Supervision. GB/T 546−1997, Hall anchor[S]. Beijing: China Standard Press, 1997., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1248261506106807260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=19, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=国家质量技术监督局, 中华人民共和国建设部. GB/T 50123−1999, 土工试验方法标准[S]. 北京: 中国计划出版社, 1999., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1248261506211664863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=20, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=The State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision, Ministry of Construction, People’s Republic of China. GB/T 50123−1999, Standard for soil test method[S]. Beijing: China Planning Press, 1999., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1248261507788723170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=21, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DNV. DNV-RP-F107, Risk assessment of pipeline protection[S]. DNV, 2010., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1248261507889386471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=14, rfOrder=22, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈占刚. 从设计角度分析船舶进出港口通航安全控制[J]. 中国水运, 2008, 8(6): 14−15., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1248261507977466859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=14, rfOrder=23, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen Zhan’gang. Analysis of navigation safety control of ships inward and outward the port from design perspective[J]. China Water Transport, 2008, 8(6): 14−15., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1248261508069741549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=于洋. 海洋运输船舶首锚重量统计分析[J]. 大连海事大学学报, 2016, 42(4): 33−40., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1248261508174599153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=25, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yu Yang. A statistic analysis of bow anchor weights of sea-going merchant ships[J]. Journal of Dalian Maritime University, 2016, 42(4): 33−40., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1248261508250096629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=26, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中华人民共和国交通运输部. JTS 165−2013, 海港总体设计规范[S]. 北京: 人民交通出版社, 2014., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1248261508325594105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=27, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China. JTS 165−2013, Design code of general layout for sea ports[S]. Beijing: China Communications Press, 2014., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1248261508388508668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=28, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hansen J B. A revised and extended formula for bearing capacity[J]. Danish Geotechnical Institute Bulletin, 1970, 28(28): 5−11., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1248261508480783361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=29, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Meyerhof G G. Some recent research on the bearing capacity of foundations[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 1963, 1(1): 16−26., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1248261508564668418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=30, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Terzaghi K, Perk R B, Mesri G. Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice[M]. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1967., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1248261508656943106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=20, rfOrder=31, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Vesic A S. Analysis of ultimate loads of shallow foundations[J]. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, 1973, 99(1): 45−73., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1248261503955129219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划(2016YFE0200100);国家自然科学基金(41772296,51639002)。, fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1248261494496973293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1248261494505361902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, companyId=1248261494496973293, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1248261494513750511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, companyId=1248261494496973293, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 大连理工大学 海岸和近海工程国家重点实验室,辽宁 大连 116023)]), AuthorCompany(id=1248261494589247987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1248261494597636596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, companyId=1248261494589247987, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Shanghai Ship & Shipping Research Institute, Shanghai 200135, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1248261494601830901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, companyId=1248261494589247987, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 上海船舶运输科学研究所,上海 200135)]), AuthorCompany(id=1248261494685716984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1248261494706688507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, companyId=1248261494685716984, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 China Resources Land Co., Ltd., Dalian 116019, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1248261494715077116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, companyId=1248261494685716984, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 华润置地大连有限公司,辽宁 大连 116019)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1248261498968101528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Forces on the Hall anchor in the soil, figureFileSmall=6SgHPHhtWiZUbFSDCxcs3g==, figureFileBig=Vowe/ZKB+E3OxSTIW4xo6A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1248261499064570526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, language=CN, label=图1, caption=霍尔锚在土中的受力, figureFileSmall=6SgHPHhtWiZUbFSDCxcs3g==, figureFileBig=Vowe/ZKB+E3OxSTIW4xo6A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1248261499169428139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Photo of the Hall anchor model (unit: mm), figureFileSmall=0dER5eQEGWKDD9YVhSeZNg==, figureFileBig=lGMooO6/bolV3qhmwt7Llg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1248261499295257269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, language=CN, label=图2, caption=霍尔锚模型实物照片(单位:mm), figureFileSmall=0dER5eQEGWKDD9YVhSeZNg==, figureFileBig=lGMooO6/bolV3qhmwt7Llg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1248261499408503481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Model box and water inlet draining valve at bottom, figureFileSmall=GP15LRwPRS03OE+ZpOeU6A==, figureFileBig=d8nTz9f3gfRHcRQGnRCF2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1248261499504972483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, language=CN, label=图3, caption=试验所用模型箱及底部进水排水孔, figureFileSmall=GP15LRwPRS03OE+ZpOeU6A==, figureFileBig=d8nTz9f3gfRHcRQGnRCF2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1248261499593052877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Schematic diagram of laying the draining layer, geotextile and filter paper, figureFileSmall=/8fYsoeTIO5AlZTgpPvlew==, figureFileBig=d88nD5jJ25zjfXislWioJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1248261499681133271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, language=CN, label=图4, caption=铺设排水层、土工布和滤纸示意图, figureFileSmall=/8fYsoeTIO5AlZTgpPvlew==, figureFileBig=d88nD5jJ25zjfXislWioJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1248261499773407969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=MEMS accelerometer and its position on the anchor, figureFileSmall=YmpaQsQ4thrIS4YnUjNaYA==, figureFileBig=hixSbebky0d7LTt/qMTPBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1248261499857294055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, language=CN, label=图5, caption=MEMS加速度传感器及其在锚上的位置, figureFileSmall=YmpaQsQ4thrIS4YnUjNaYA==, figureFileBig=hixSbebky0d7LTt/qMTPBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1248261499987317487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Diagram and photo of test setup, figureFileSmall=baoGXEAX+pJMKofOzVCm4A==, figureFileBig=L4SomHFosrmeMxLBtMUb5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1248261500067009267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, language=CN, label=图6, caption=试验装置示意图和实物照片, figureFileSmall=baoGXEAX+pJMKofOzVCm4A==, figureFileBig=L4SomHFosrmeMxLBtMUb5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1248261500155089662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Curves of anchor’s velocity vs. position before penetrating into sand (case H13, v0=2.78 m/s), figureFileSmall=fbvYi/1ESjWVqAuG03/Epg==, figureFileBig=2wVBXJVZrQUHK/uixjgOAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1248261500272530184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, language=CN, label=图7, caption=锚入土前的下落速度随距离土面高度变化曲线(工况H13,v0=2.78 m/s), figureFileSmall=fbvYi/1ESjWVqAuG03/Epg==, figureFileBig=2wVBXJVZrQUHK/uixjgOAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1248261500368999184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Photos of the Hall anchor anchoring process captured by a high-speed camera (case H4, v0=2.13 m/s), figureFileSmall=x1EmG/061JDCsnP0fYobEQ==, figureFileBig=2o7sWTRY51RliLOtpDbyKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1248261500461273881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, language=CN, label=图8, caption=高速相机采集的霍尔锚抛锚下落过程照片(工况H4,v0=2.13 m/s), figureFileSmall=x1EmG/061JDCsnP0fYobEQ==, figureFileBig=2o7sWTRY51RliLOtpDbyKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1248261500587103005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Dynamic penetration test results (case H4, v0=2.13 m/s), figureFileSmall=SeSiGp0we/dYbnFwONHvqw==, figureFileBig=OSRoLWNmt/Bk9y0LAKNaxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1248261500683572000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, language=CN, label=图9, caption=抛锚试验结果(工况H4,v0=2.13 m/s), figureFileSmall=SeSiGp0we/dYbnFwONHvqw==, figureFileBig=OSRoLWNmt/Bk9y0LAKNaxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1248261500759069479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=The variety of the bottom penetration area with penetration depth, figureFileSmall=upkFzP0oUtKayv/KyVllTg==, figureFileBig=iq0TV4EmqGQ1sG8nUb8Ndg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1248261500851344174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, language=CN, label=图10, caption=霍尔锚底部贯入面积随贯入深度变化, figureFileSmall=upkFzP0oUtKayv/KyVllTg==, figureFileBig=iq0TV4EmqGQ1sG8nUb8Ndg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1248261500926841651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, language=EN, label=Fig. 11, caption=Curves of penetration depth vs. Ek calculated with different bearing capacity coefficients, figureFileSmall=hF210Bw5edZVfXAb16+AfQ==, figureFileBig=cI6DQJDMVowlj+bFEnoaQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1248261501010727737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, language=CN, label=图11, caption=采用不同的承载力系数计算得到的贯入深度曲线, figureFileSmall=hF210Bw5edZVfXAb16+AfQ==, figureFileBig=cI6DQJDMVowlj+bFEnoaQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1248261501157528386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, language=EN, label=Fig. 12, caption=Curves of penetration depth v.s. energy and tests data

The methods of Terzaghi et al.[19] and Hansen[17]are adopted in a and b, respectivily

, figureFileSmall=BXrOzn26kfTO1qA3wFwvmg==, figureFileBig=XdVKPvoZqlRc2okA8uDGIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1248261501207860037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, language=CN, label=图12, caption=贯入深度随能量变化的曲线以及试验数据点

a. 采用Terzaghi等[19]方法,b. 采用Hansen[17]方法

, figureFileSmall=BXrOzn26kfTO1qA3wFwvmg==, figureFileBig=XdVKPvoZqlRc2okA8uDGIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1248261501304329038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Similarity relationships of dynamic penetration model tests in sand

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物理量长度L面积A速度v抛锚深度z重力W阻力Fs内摩擦角φ动能Ek势能Ep
比尺λLλAλvλzλWλFλφλEλp
相似关系λL$ {\lambda_L^2}$$ {\lambda_L^{1/2}}$λL$ {\lambda_L^3}$$ {\lambda_L^3}$1$ {\lambda_L^4}$$ {\lambda_L^4}$
模型试验1/λL1/$ {\lambda_L^2}$1/$ {\lambda_L^{1/2}}$1/λL1/$ {\lambda_L^3}$1/$ {\lambda_L^3}$11/$ {\lambda_L^4}$1/$ {\lambda_L^4}$
), ArticleFig(id=1248261501396603734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

砂土中船锚动力贯入模型试验相似关系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物理量长度L面积A速度v抛锚深度z重力W阻力Fs内摩擦角φ动能Ek势能Ep
比尺λLλAλvλzλWλFλφλEλp
相似关系λL$ {\lambda_L^2}$$ {\lambda_L^{1/2}}$λL$ {\lambda_L^3}$$ {\lambda_L^3}$1$ {\lambda_L^4}$$ {\lambda_L^4}$
模型试验1/λL1/$ {\lambda_L^2}$1/$ {\lambda_L^{1/2}}$1/λL1/$ {\lambda_L^3}$1/$ {\lambda_L^3}$11/$ {\lambda_L^4}$1/$ {\lambda_L^4}$
), ArticleFig(id=1248261501476295510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Hall anchor model size

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
锚重/kgH/mmh/mmh1/mmL/mmL1/mmB/mmB1/mm
  注:表中各符号代表的含义标注在图2中。
模型1.74193.27104.623148.93104.657.9368.73
原型561028991569345223415698691031
), ArticleFig(id=1248261501555987291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

霍尔锚模型尺寸

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
锚重/kgH/mmh/mmh1/mmL/mmL1/mmB/mmB1/mm
  注:表中各符号代表的含义标注在图2中。
模型1.74193.27104.623148.93104.657.9368.73
原型561028991569345223415698691031
), ArticleFig(id=1248261501652456290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Partical screening test result of soil sample

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
颗粒直径/mm0.25~0.50.075~0.25<0.075
试验土颗粒组成百分数17.5%50%32.5%
现场土颗粒组成百分数8.3%58.4%33.2%
), ArticleFig(id=1248261501761508200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

模型试验土样颗粒筛分结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
颗粒直径/mm0.25~0.50.075~0.25<0.075
试验土颗粒组成百分数17.5%50%32.5%
现场土颗粒组成百分数8.3%58.4%33.2%
), ArticleFig(id=1248261503372120941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Dry density and internal friction angle of soil sample under different relative density

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
相对密实度0.450.550.65
干密度/g·cm−31.4571.5151.577
内摩擦角/(°)36.938.939.5
), ArticleFig(id=1248261503481172846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同相对密实度下土体干密度与内摩擦角

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
相对密实度0.450.550.65
干密度/g·cm−31.4571.5151.577
内摩擦角/(°)36.938.939.5
), ArticleFig(id=1248261503556670323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Tests conditions and results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况抛锚高度/mDr抛锚速度/m·s−1贯入深度/m
模型原型模型原型
H10.090.451.154.450.0550.825
H20.150.451.646.350.0831.245
H30.210.452.017.780.1081.620
H40.250.452.138.250.1101.650
H50.350.452.569.910.1402.100
H60.700.453.6614.180.1873.405
H70.840.454.0215.570.1963.890
H80.150.551.666.420.0500.750
H90.220.552.037.860.0590.891
H100.250.552.128.220.0650.975
H110.300.552.429.390.0731.089
H120.400.552.7610.710.0771.155
H130.410.552.7810.780.0821.230
H140.520.553.1912.360.0901.350
H150.620.553.4913.500.0921.386
H160.800.553.9615.340.1211.815
H171.000.554.4017.060.1321.980
H180.150.651.606.200.0380.567
H190.280.652.318.950.0400.600
H200.420.652.8611.080.0450.675
H210.590.653.3512.970.0751.125
H220.700.653.6614.180.0711.071
H230.820.654.0015.490.0901.354
), ArticleFig(id=1248261503623779190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

抛锚试验工况及结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况抛锚高度/mDr抛锚速度/m·s−1贯入深度/m
模型原型模型原型
H10.090.451.154.450.0550.825
H20.150.451.646.350.0831.245
H30.210.452.017.780.1081.620
H40.250.452.138.250.1101.650
H50.350.452.569.910.1402.100
H60.700.453.6614.180.1873.405
H70.840.454.0215.570.1963.890
H80.150.551.666.420.0500.750
H90.220.552.037.860.0590.891
H100.250.552.128.220.0650.975
H110.300.552.429.390.0731.089
H120.400.552.7610.710.0771.155
H130.410.552.7810.780.0821.230
H140.520.553.1912.360.0901.350
H150.620.553.4913.500.0921.386
H160.800.553.9615.340.1211.815
H171.000.554.4017.060.1321.980
H180.150.651.606.200.0380.567
H190.280.652.318.950.0400.600
H200.420.652.8611.080.0450.675
H210.590.653.3512.970.0751.125
H220.700.653.6614.180.0711.071
H230.820.654.0015.490.0901.354
), ArticleFig(id=1248261503699276665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Formulas for calculating the bearing capacity coefficient recommended by various scholars

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参考文献NcNq
文献[19]${\left( { {N_{{q} } } - 1} \right)\cot \varphi }$${\dfrac{ { {\rm{e}^{\left( {\dfrac{ {3{\text π} } }{2} - \varphi } \right)\tan \varphi } } } }{ {2{ {\cos }^2}\left( {\dfrac{ {\text π} }{4} + \dfrac{\varphi }{2} } \right)} } }$${1.8\left( { {N_{{q} } } - 1} \right)\tan \varphi }$
文献[18]${\left( { {N_{{q} } } - 1} \right)\cot \varphi }$${ {\rm{e}^{ {\text π} \tan \varphi } }{ {\tan }^2}\left( {\dfrac{ {\text π} }{4} + \dfrac{\varphi }{2} } \right)}$${\left( { {N_{{q} } } - 1} \right)\tan (1.4\varphi )}$
文献[20]${\left( { {N_{{q} } } - 1} \right)\cot \varphi }$${ {\rm{e}^{ {\text π} \tan \varphi } }{ {\tan }^2}\left( {\dfrac{ {\text π} }{4} + \dfrac{\varphi }{2} } \right)}$${2\left( { {N_{{q} } } - 1} \right)\tan \varphi }$
文献[17]${\left( { {N_{{q} } } - 1} \right)\cot \varphi }$${ {\rm{e}^{ {\text π} \tan \varphi } }{ {\tan }^2}\left( {\dfrac{ {\text π} }{4} + \dfrac{\varphi }{2} } \right)}$${1.8\left( { {N_{{q} } } - 1} \right)\tan \varphi }$
), ArticleFig(id=1248261503770579835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244313009959580127, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

各学者建议的承载力系数计算公式

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参考文献NcNq
文献[19]${\left( { {N_{{q} } } - 1} \right)\cot \varphi }$${\dfrac{ { {\rm{e}^{\left( {\dfrac{ {3{\text π} } }{2} - \varphi } \right)\tan \varphi } } } }{ {2{ {\cos }^2}\left( {\dfrac{ {\text π} }{4} + \dfrac{\varphi }{2} } \right)} } }$${1.8\left( { {N_{{q} } } - 1} \right)\tan \varphi }$
文献[18]${\left( { {N_{{q} } } - 1} \right)\cot \varphi }$${ {\rm{e}^{ {\text π} \tan \varphi } }{ {\tan }^2}\left( {\dfrac{ {\text π} }{4} + \dfrac{\varphi }{2} } \right)}$${\left( { {N_{{q} } } - 1} \right)\tan (1.4\varphi )}$
文献[20]${\left( { {N_{{q} } } - 1} \right)\cot \varphi }$${ {\rm{e}^{ {\text π} \tan \varphi } }{ {\tan }^2}\left( {\dfrac{ {\text π} }{4} + \dfrac{\varphi }{2} } \right)}$${2\left( { {N_{{q} } } - 1} \right)\tan \varphi }$
文献[17]${\left( { {N_{{q} } } - 1} \right)\cot \varphi }$${ {\rm{e}^{ {\text π} \tan \varphi } }{ {\tan }^2}\left( {\dfrac{ {\text π} }{4} + \dfrac{\varphi }{2} } \right)}$${1.8\left( { {N_{{q} } } - 1} \right)\tan \varphi }$
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1146441459026210850, delFlag=0, nameCn=海洋学报, nameEn=Haiyang Xuebao, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=0253-4193, eissn=null, cn=11-2055/P, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=否, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=uYi7hkkrve+l8pIcwqcaQQ==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=null, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1751262543687, updatedTime=1761729782936, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=H, firstLetterEn=H, subjectCode=Natural Sciences, subjectName=Natural Sciences, subjectCodeEn=Natural Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=uYi7hkkrve+l8pIcwqcaQQ==, picEn=C0WLQb7uW3ok8EkkVOAGuw==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1190344242636624294, language=CN, name=海洋学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.hyxbocean.cn/, createdTime=1761729782971, updatedTime=1761729782971, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://www.hyxb.org.cn/aos/ch/author/login.aspx, submissionEditorUrl=http://www.hyxb.org.cn/aos/ch/login.aspx, submissionReviewUrl=http://www.hyxb.org.cn/aos/ch/auditor/login.aspx, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1190344242712121767, language=EN, name=Haiyang Xuebao, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.aosocean.com/, createdTime=1761729782989, updatedTime=1761729782989, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://www.hyxb.org.cn/aos/ch/author/login.aspx, submissionEditorUrl=http://www.hyxb.org.cn/aos/ch/login.aspx, submissionReviewUrl=http://www.hyxb.org.cn/aos/ch/auditor/login.aspx, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1149651085930835976, websiteList=[Website(id=1188165202219512001, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1149651085930835976, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1761210259251, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761210330879, updateBy=18614031015, name=海洋学报-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=海洋学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1188166688563413602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761210613623, updateTime=1761210613623, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166688538247775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761210613617, updateTime=1761210613617, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166688529859166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/CN/file/pic?fileId=BDEio/cxHnid8OD4QxrAYQ==, createTime=1761210613615, updateTime=1761210613615, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166688555024993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1761210613621, updateTime=1761210613621, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166688546636384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1761210613619, updateTime=1761210613619, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166688575996515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761210613626, updateTime=1761210613626, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166688596968036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761210613631, updateTime=1761210613631, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1188165202282426564, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1149651085930835976, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1761210259266, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761210377920, updateBy=18614031015, name=海洋学报-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Haiyang Xuebao, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1188166798101856873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761210639739, updateTime=1761210639739, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166798076691046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761210639733, updateTime=1761210639733, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166798068302437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/EN/file/pic?fileId=BDEio/cxHnid8OD4QxrAYQ==, createTime=1761210639731, updateTime=1761210639731, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166798093468264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1761210639737, updateTime=1761210639737, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166798085079655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1761210639735, updateTime=1761210639735, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166798106051178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761210639740, updateTime=1761210639740, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166798110245483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761210639741, updateTime=1761210639741, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=海洋学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=http://www.hyxbocean.cn/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Haiyang Xuebao, journalPhotoCn=uYi7hkkrve+l8pIcwqcaQQ==, journalPhotoEn=C0WLQb7uW3ok8EkkVOAGuw==, journalFirstLetter=H, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/CN/10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.11.012, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/EN/10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.11.012, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/CN/PDF/10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.11.012, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/EN/PDF/10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.11.012, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
霍尔锚在粉细砂中抛锚深度模型试验
收藏切换
PDF下载
王慧 1 , 张可成 2, * , 王忠涛 1 , 张宇 1 , 王洪波 3
海洋学报 | 论文 2020,42(11): 123-130
收起
收藏切换
海洋学报 | 论文 2020, 42(11): 123-130
霍尔锚在粉细砂中抛锚深度模型试验
全屏
王慧1 , 张可成2, * , 王忠涛1, 张宇1, 王洪波3
作者信息
  • 1 大连理工大学 海岸和近海工程国家重点实验室,辽宁 大连 116023
  • 2 上海船舶运输科学研究所,上海 200135
  • 3 华润置地大连有限公司,辽宁 大连 116019
  • 王慧(1995-),女,山东省烟台市人,主要从事海洋岩土工程研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*张可成(1986-),男,江苏省徐州市人,主要从事船舶设计。E-mail:
Model tests on penetration depth of hall anchor in silty sand
Hui Wang1 , Kecheng Zhang2, * , Zhongtao Wang1, Yu Zhang1, Hongbo Wang3
Affiliations
  • 1 State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
  • 2 Shanghai Ship & Shipping Research Institute, Shanghai 200135, China
  • 3 China Resources Land Co., Ltd., Dalian 116019, China
出版时间: 2020-11-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.11.012
文章导航
收藏切换

航船应急抛锚时锚板贯入土体可能会影响河床或海床中的结构物甚者造成破坏,因此在通航频繁的航道,结构物埋深的设计需要充分考虑应急抛锚时锚板的贯入深度。本文通过缩尺模型试验模拟了霍尔锚在中等密实度粉细砂中的抛锚贯入过程,研究了不同抛锚速度(1.15~4.4 m/s)及粉细砂相对密实度(0.45~0.65)对抛锚贯入深度的影响;基于太沙基极限承载力理论和能量守恒定律,推导出霍尔锚在粉细砂土中贯入深度的表达式,与模型试验结果对比显示理论计算结果偏于保守。基于试验结果提出修正系数,修正后的理论公式能够较好地快速预测霍尔锚在中等密实度粉细砂中的贯入深度。研究结果为粉细砂土河床或海床中的结构物埋深设计提供了一定的技术参考。

霍尔锚  /  粉细砂土  /  抛锚深度  /  抛锚速度

The structures in the riverbed or seabed may be affected or damaged by emergency anchoring. In the channel with frequent navigation, the emergency anchoring penetration depth need to be fully considered during the design of the buried depth of structures in riverbed. In this paper, small scale model tests are carried out to simulate the process of anchoring penetration of hall anchor in silty sand, and the influences of different impact velocities (1.15−4.4 m/s) and relative density of silty sand (0.45−0.65) on anchoring penetration depth are investigated. Based on the Terzaghi ultimate bearing capacity theory and the energy conservation law, the expression of penetration depth of the hall anchor in silty sand is deduced, and the theoretical calculation results are conservative compared with experimental results, the revised results of the theoretical calculation results are in good agreement with experimental data. The research results can provide a reference for the design of buried depth of structures in silty sand riverbed or seabed.

Hall anchor  /  silty sand  /  penetration depth  /  impact velocity
王慧, 张可成, 王忠涛, 张宇, 王洪波. 霍尔锚在粉细砂中抛锚深度模型试验. 海洋学报, 2020 , 42 (11) : 123 -130 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.11.012
Hui Wang, Kecheng Zhang, Zhongtao Wang, Yu Zhang, Hongbo Wang. Model tests on penetration depth of hall anchor in silty sand[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2020 , 42 (11) : 123 -130 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.11.012
随着长距离油气资源运输、远程通信、跨域交通等需求的日益增长,油气管道、通信光纤、跨海隧道等结构物得到了广泛应用,其主体部分通常埋置于海床或河床中[1],近几年油气管道和通信光缆受损事故分析表明,大部分事故是船舶应急抛锚作业造成的[2]。因此,快速且准确地预测船舶应急抛锚时锚板的贯入深度,是设计海床或河床中结构物埋置深度的重要参考依据之一。
目前已有部分学者对船舶抛锚的贯入深度问题进行了研究。Young[3]对桑迪亚国家实验室提出的船锚贯入深度的经验公式进行了改进。Raie和Tassoulas[4]采用非牛顿流体模型模拟了重力贯入锚在海洋黏土中的贯入过程,并得出了锚的初始贯入深度以及周围土体的应力分布。韩聪聪等[5]通过小比尺模型试验和CEL计算方法[6]探究了霍尔锚在软黏土中的贯入深度,并基于能量守恒原理提出了能够简便预测霍尔锚贯入深度的经验公式。上述研究主要针对黏土地基,但在河床表层,往往广泛分布着砂土和粉细砂[7-8],目前对于砂土中船锚的贯入深度研究还不多见。李晓松和孔宪卫[9]通过对砂土中抛锚过程进行力学分析,基于牛顿第二定律提出了锚板贯入深度的计算模型,并将理论值同实测值进行了对比,计算误差大部分在10%以内。杜颖等[10]采用太沙基地基极限承载力公式计算了砂土中船锚的贯入深度,但并没有考虑锚在贯入过程中自身重力势能的影响。总体上,尚缺少简单有效的方法预测原型船锚在砂土地基中的贯入深度。
本文通过缩尺模型试验模拟了霍尔锚在粉细砂中的抛锚贯入过程,试验分别考虑了不同抛锚速度(1.15~4.4 m/s)和砂土相对密实度(0.45~0.65)对霍尔锚贯入深度的影响。根据试验结果,基于地基承载力理论和能量守恒,提出了承载力修正系数,推导了预测霍尔锚在中等密实度粉细砂中贯入深度的计算公式。
船锚以一定的竖向速度v0达到海床或河床表面,依靠所具备的动能和重力势能贯入到粉细砂土地基中。在贯入过程中,船锚所受到的力包括:锚在水中的有效重量(Ws),土对锚的端承阻力(Fbear),以及土对锚侧面的摩擦阻力(Ffric)(图1)。根据牛顿第二定律可建立锚在运动过程中的力平衡方程
$m \cdot a = {W_{\rm{S}}} - {F_{{\rm{bear}}}} - {F_{{\rm{fric}}}}.$
在缩尺试验中,几何比尺λL=Lp/Lm,其中,Lp为原型长度,Lm为模型长度;在砂土试验中,要保证模型和原型条件下锚的能量相似,则各物理量在锚的动力贯入模型试验中的相似关系如表1所示[5]
本文模型试验中,模型霍尔锚的尺寸列于表2,表中各符号标注在图2中。对比5.61 t原型霍尔锚[11],模型比尺λ为15。模型锚材料为铸铁,表面进行防锈处理。
试验使用的模型箱为有机玻璃制成的透明圆桶,如图3所示,直径为700 mm,高为1 000 mm,壁厚为10 mm;模型箱侧面底部对称位置设有两个直径为6 mm的排水通道和阀门,用于土样的饱和及排水。
在模型箱的底面铺设厚度为100 mm的碎石排水层,高出模型箱侧面排水孔50 mm。为了防止粉细砂土渗入碎石中,在碎石排水层上铺设土工布和滤纸,如图4所示。
目标区域的工程地勘报告显示河床表层土体的粉粒含量在33.2%,试验室经过反复配比制备了粉粒含量占32.5%的粉细砂来模拟粉细砂土河床,现场土样和试验土样的颗粒级配分布列于表3,根据《土工试验方法标准GB/T 50123−1999》[12]进行试验用土的最大、最小干密度试验、颗粒筛分试验以及直剪试验,得到试验用土的基本参数为:最大干密度ρmax=1.842 g/cm3,最小干密度ρmin=1.245 g/cm3;颗粒筛分试验结果和直剪试验结果分别列入表3表4中。
土样制备过程为:第一步,应用式(2)计算土样在相对密实度Dr为0.45、0.55和0.65时对应的干密度;第二步,根据计算得到的干密度称量厚度50 mm土样所需要的砂土质量,均匀撒入模型箱中,并击实至目标厚度(50 mm);第三步,重复第二步分层击实土样厚度达到500 mm;第四步,打开模型箱底部的通水阀门,通过逐级抬高模型箱外水箱的高度,使得砂样自下至上逐渐饱和,最终水面高出土样表面200 mm,静置48 h,认为土样达到饱和状态,完成土样制备。
${D_{{r}}} = \frac{{\left( {{\rho _{{d}}} - {\rho _{\min }}} \right){\rho _{\max }}}}{{\left( {{\rho _{\max }} - {\rho _{\min }}} \right){\rho _{{d}}}}}.$
式中,ρmax表示最大干密度;ρmin表示最小干密度;ρd表示土体干密度。
试验采用MEMS加速度传感器测量锚整个下落过程中的加速度,通过积分可得到锚在接触土面时的瞬间速度,进而计算锚的动能。本次试验使用的MEMS加速度传感器型号为ADXL326,量程为16g,尺寸为长×宽×高=18 mm×18 mm×3.2 mm,质量为0.003 kg,体积小,质量轻,粘贴在锚上不会对锚质量及重心位置产生影响,因此对试验结果影响极小,传感器及在锚板上的布置如图5所示。为了保证MEMS传感器在水中正常工作,在传感器表面用环氧树脂做密封处理。
此外,在模型箱的正前方设置高速相机,并在模型箱外侧粘贴标尺,如图6所示,以1000 Hz频率捕捉不同时刻模型锚的下落位置,进而计算模型锚在下落过程中的速度,用于与基于MEMS加速度传感器数据得到的模型锚下落速度进行校核。图7给出了两种方法得到的锚在下落过程中速度的变化,在同一时刻,两种方法计算得到锚速度的误差小于5%,证明本试验采用加速度传感器获得锚接触土面时速度的测试方法是可靠的。
考虑到霍尔锚在水中自由下落的极限速度[5](1.38~2.51 m/s)和本次试验设计的霍尔锚最大抛锚速度(4.5 m/s),设定霍尔锚在模型条件下的抛锚高度不超过1 m。针对不同密实度条件下的试验,分别进行不少于6组试验,控制抛锚高度分散在0.09~1.00 m之间不同数据段。试验步骤简述如下:首先将模型霍尔锚用鱼线悬于土体上方预定高度(表5),待霍尔锚稳定后,烧断鱼线,锚在自由下落所获得的动能和自身重力势能作用下贯入土中一定深度。整个过程中,采用锚上的MEMS加速度传感器以及试验箱前端的高速相机捕捉在不同时刻锚的下落加速度及位置,最终通过测量锚或者标记线露在土表面的高度来确定抛锚深度。
为避免边界效应,锚落点距离模型箱侧壁不小于15 cm(约为2.5倍锚底板宽度),相邻落点间距不小于30 cm。锚在水中下落时,如果水足够深,拖曳阻力等于锚的有效重量时,锚的下沉速度达到极限速度vT,可用下式计算锚的极限速度[9]
${v_{{T}}} = \sqrt {\frac{{{W_{\rm{s}}}}}{{0.5{\rho _{\rm{w}}}{A_{\rm{f}}}{C_{\rm{D}}}}}} ,$
式中,ρw为水的密度;Af为锚在迎流面的投影面积。根据DNV规范[13]锚的拖曳阻力系数CD取值范围为0.6~2,则5 610 kg的霍尔锚对应的极限速度取值范围为5.33~9.74 m/s,换算成模型速度为1.38~2.51 m/s。在实际工程中,当船锚入水速度较大时,可能存在水深不足以让锚达到极限速度的情况,锚在接触土面时的竖向速度v0可能超过式(3)计算所得的结果[14-16]。为了考虑可能出现的极端情况,在本文模型试验中v0最大设计值为4.5 m/s。
本文进行了3组共23个工况的霍尔锚竖直抛锚试验,3组试验土样的相对密实度Dr分别为0.45、0.55、0.65,试验工况及结果列入表5中。以工况H4为例,高速相机采集到的霍尔锚抛锚下落过程照片如图8所示,MEMS传感器采集到的加速度数据和积分得到的速度如图9所示,可以看出阶段I抛锚前锚的竖向加速度为0;阶段II过程中锚自由落体尚未接触到水面时竖向加速度为g;阶段III过程中,锚接触到水和土瞬间,由加速度积分可知v0=2.13 m/s,随后在阻力作用下竖向加速度降低,开始阶段阻力小于锚重,锚仍能保持加速,大约在0.31 s锚下沉速度达到最大值2.42 m/s,随后土体对锚的阻力大于锚的自重,锚的加速度为负值,锚在土中作减速运动,随着贯入深度的增加,锚的加速度逐渐恢复为0,进入阶段IV,锚静止在土中。整个过程MEMS传感器采集的水平加速度始终为0,说明锚在贯入土体后没有发生倾斜。
试验结果显示,霍尔锚在砂土中的贯入深度随着土的相对密实度的增大而减小,相同密实度条件下,贯入深度随着贯入速度的增大而增大。根据试验数据,在Dr=0.45~0.65的粉细砂土地基中,霍尔锚以水中的极限速度(1.38~2.51 m/s)贯入土中的深度不超过0.14 m(约61%锚长)。
基于太沙基极限承载力理论,通过能量守恒方法推导不同质量船锚以不同速度抛锚时在砂土地基中贯入深度的计算方法,砂土地基中太沙基极限承载力可以按下式计算
${p_u} = 0.5{\gamma ^{'}}B{N_\gamma } + q{N_q} + c{N_c},$
式中,γ′为土的浮重度,取10.5 kN/m3B为基底宽度,当贯入深度zz0时,B取锚底面凸起部分宽度,当贯入深度z>z0时,BB1c为黏聚力,粉细砂土取0;q=γ′z为埋深引起的超载;NqNc为地基承载力系数,根据内摩擦角$ \varphi $和文献[17-20]提出的计算公式列于表6。根据能量守恒定律,锚以一定初速度贯入砂土地基过程中,锚所具有的动能及重力势能的总和等于贯入过程中土体对锚所做的功的总和,由于锚的表面光滑,且锚的贯入深度较小(本次试验中锚的贯入深度不超过1倍锚长),侧壁摩擦力对锚的作用较小[5],本文计算暂不考虑,锚的总能量表示为
${E_{{t}}} = 0.5\; mv_0^2 + m \cdot g \cdot z = \int_0^z {{p_{{u}}} \cdot A \cdot {\rm{d}}z} ,$
式中,Et为锚的总能量;m为锚的质量;z为锚的贯入深度。公式(5)无法显式计算锚的贯入深度,可以通过迭代试算,计算过程可以简述为,以足够小的贯入深度dz为增量步,在每一个增量步中根据锚当前深度确定相应基底宽度并计算pu,然后计算该增量步中锚所消耗的能量,根据锚剩余能量计算锚在该增量步结尾时所具有的竖向速度,当锚的速度小于等于0时,说明锚已经完成贯入过程;当锚的速度大于0时,则需要继续计算下一个增量步直至满足要求。经测算,增量步dz取不超过0.000 1 m即可满足精度要求。
需要指出的是,由于霍尔锚底部有凸起,贯入过程中土体对锚做功需分段计算。如图10所示,当贯入深度zz0时,贯入面积A=B[l+z(Ll)/z0],其中,B为底面凸起部分宽度;当贯入深度z>z0时,贯入面积A=LB1图11是采用表6中所列出的4种承载力系数计算得到的贯入深度随贯入动能变化关系曲线,观察可知,应用Meyerhof[18]、Vesic[20]及Hansen[17]3种方法计算得到的锚的贯入深度随动能关系曲线非常接近,后续讨论以Hansen[17]计算结果作为代表进行讨论;在相同贯入动能条件下,Hansen[17]方法计算得到的锚贯入深度比Terzaghi等[19]方法计算结果更大。在锚的动能约为9.2 J时,两条曲线的差值最大,为34.2 mm(约14.9%锚长);当锚的动能大于12.5 J后,两条曲线的差值趋于稳定,仅为4 mm(约1.7%锚长)。注意到,锚的动能为12.5 J时对应锚的竖向速度v0为3.8 m/s,大于霍尔锚在水中自由下落的极限速度(1.38~2.51 m/s),且本文试验工况中仅有少数试验v0大于3.8 m/s,因此采用不同地基承载力系数计算锚的贯入深度时差别较大,当v0的取值为极限速度区间1.38~2.51 m/s时,采用Hansen[17]方法计算得到霍尔锚贯入深度比采用Terzaghi等[19]方法计算得到的贯入深度大15.9%~19.6%。
图12a为对应不同内摩擦角,采用Terzaghi等[19]方法计算承载力系数,进而获得的霍尔锚贯入深度与贯入动能关系曲线。对比计算结果和实测数据可知,相对密实度Dr分别为0.45、0.55和0.65时,试验数据点落在内摩擦角为38°~40°、44°~46°和46°~50°的计算得到的曲线范围内,而通过直剪试验得到的相对密实度为0.45、0.55和0.65的砂土对应的内摩擦角(表4)分别为36.9°、38.9°和39.5°,即直接采用由直剪试验测得的砂土内摩擦角来计算霍尔锚的贯入深度是偏于保守的,与试验实测霍尔锚的贯入深度相比,计算结果的误差为40.1%~66.7%。造成这个误差的原因可以归纳为:第一,在计算过程中,没有考虑摩擦力对锚的做功;第二,锚在贯入过程中对锚底砂土有压密作用,计算中没有考虑;第三,当锚撞击砂土地基时,通常会伴随着一定的能量耗散,但在上述计算中并没有考虑这一点。目前试验尚无法定量地得到上述因素对贯入深度的影响程度,因此本文在上述理论计算方法的基础上,引入系数R对实测的内摩擦角进行修正。对于Terzaghi等[19]方法,如计算采用内摩擦角为39°、45°以及48°时,可以分别较好地描述Dr为0.45、0.55和0.65土样的试验数据,对比土样实测内摩擦角、计算采用内摩擦角与相对密实度的关系,可以得到修正系数RT表达式为
${R_{{T}}} = 3 - \frac{{72}}{{15{D_{{r}}} + 30.4}}.$
相似地,观察图12b可知,采用Hansen[17]方法计算承载力系数时,霍尔锚在相对密实度Dr分别为0.45、0.55和0.65粉细砂地基上贯入的试验数据点分别落在内摩擦角为40°~42°、45°~47°和47°~51°的理论计算曲线范围内,此时,理论计算方法需要通过系数RH进行修正:
${R_{{H}}} = 2.67 - \frac{{57.9}}{{15{D_r} + 30.4}}.$
本文通过缩尺模型试验,模拟了霍尔锚以不同的竖向抛锚速度(1.15~4.4 m/s)在不同相对密实度(0.45~0.65)的粉细砂土中的贯入过程,根据试验结果,并结合理论分析,得出结论如下:
(1)船锚的贯入深度与锚的贯入速度及粉细砂土的相对密实度有关。相同密实度的粉细砂土中,霍尔锚的贯入深度随着贯入速度的增大而增大,但超过临界速度后,贯入深度的增幅逐渐变小,这与砂性土的击实特性是一致的;锚的贯入速度相同时,锚的贯入深度随粉细砂土的相对密实度的增大而减小,但随着砂土由中密状态进入密实状态,贯入深度的降低幅度逐渐减小直至平缓。因此对于疏松的河床砂土,要更加关注抛锚作业对于河床内结构物可能造成的影响。
(2)基于地基极限承载力理论和能量守恒原理,推导了计算霍尔锚在粉细砂土中贯入深度的表达式。采用不同地基承载力系数计算锚的贯入深度时,Meyerhof[18]、Vesic[20]及Hansen[17]3种方法的计算结果非常接近,与Terzaghi等[19]方法的计算结果差别较大。当极限速度在1.38~2.51 m/s范围内时,Hansen[17]方法的霍尔锚计算贯入深度比Terzaghi等[19]方法计算结果大15.9%~19.6%。
(3)对比计算结果与试验结果可知,相同条件下应用土体实测的内摩擦角计算抛锚的贯入深度是偏于保守的。分别针对Hansen[17]和Terzaghi等[19]方法引入不同内摩擦角修正系数后,理论计算结果可以较好地预测原型锚的贯入深度。
需要指出的是,模型试验是在中等密实度的粉细砂中进行的,对于松散和紧密状态下的粉细砂,修正系数尚需进一步有针对的研究和验证。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2016YFE0200100);国家自然科学基金(41772296,51639002)。
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
1
贾琇明, 岳来群, 韦子亮. 有关我国深海油气资源勘探开发的几点思考[J]. 国土资源情报, 2005(7): 5−7.
Jia Xiuming, Yue Laiqun, Wei Ziliang. Some thoughts on exploration and development of oil and gas resources of China in deep sea[J]. Land and Resources Information, 2005(7): 5−7.
2
王巍巍. 船舶应急抛锚贯入深度分析[J]. 船舶物资与市场, 2019(1): 37−38.
Wang Weiwei. Analysis of emergency anchoring penetration depth[J]. Marine Equipment Materials & Marketing, 2019(1): 37−38.
3
Young C W. Penetration equations[R]. Albuquerque, New Mexico: Sandia National Laboratories, 1997: 4−12.
4
Raie M S, Tassoulas J L. Installation of torpedo anchors: numerical modeling[J]. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 2009, 135(12): 1805−1813.
5
韩聪聪, 陈学俭, 刘君. 霍尔锚抛锚深度模型试验研究[J]. 海洋工程, 2018, 36(5): 90−98.
Han Congcong, Chen Xuejian, Liu Jun. Model tests on penetration depth of hall anchor[J]. The Ocean Engineering, 2018, 36(5): 90−98.
6
Han Congcong, Chen Xuejian, Liu Jun. Physical and numerical modeling of dynamic penetration of ship anchor in clay[J]. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, 2019, 145(1): 04018030.
7
洪大林, 谢瑞, 张思和, 等. 苏通长江公路大桥桥区河床抗冲性能试验研究[J]. 海洋工程, 2003, 21(4): 91−96.
Hong Dalin, Xie Rui, Zhang Sihe, et al. Experiment test on river-bed erosion-resistant characteristics in the bridge region of Su-tong Yangtze River Highway Bridge[J]. The Ocean Engineering, 2003, 21(4): 91−96.
8
戚秀莲, 朱元生. 长江口南港河段水文泥沙特性及河床演变分析[J]. 海洋工程, 2000, 18(4): 74−79.
Qi Xiulian, Zhu Yuansheng. Characteristics of hydrology and sediment and evolution of river bed in the southern branch of Yangtze Estuary[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2000, 18(4): 74−79.
9
李晓松, 孔宪卫. 船舶应急抛锚贯入深度研究[J]. 中国水运, 2017, 17(12): 15−16.
Li Xiaosong, Kong Xianwei. Research on emergency anchoring penetration depth[J]. China Water Transport, 2017, 17(12): 15−16.
10
杜颖, 陈峰, 徐伟. 砂土基质下落锚深度试验研究及计算方法[J]. 南方能源建设, 2018, 5(S1): 222−227.
Du Ying, Chen Feng, Xu Wei. Experimental study and calculation method of falling anchor depth under sand soil[J]. Southern Energy Construction, 2018, 5(S1): 222−227.
11
国家技术监督局. GB/T 546−1997, 霍尔锚[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 1997.
The State Bureau of Technology Supervision. GB/T 546−1997, Hall anchor[S]. Beijing: China Standard Press, 1997.
12
国家质量技术监督局, 中华人民共和国建设部. GB/T 50123−1999, 土工试验方法标准[S]. 北京: 中国计划出版社, 1999.
The State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision, Ministry of Construction, People’s Republic of China. GB/T 50123−1999, Standard for soil test method[S]. Beijing: China Planning Press, 1999.
13
DNV. DNV-RP-F107, Risk assessment of pipeline protection[S]. DNV, 2010.
14
陈占刚. 从设计角度分析船舶进出港口通航安全控制[J]. 中国水运, 2008, 8(6): 14−15.
Chen Zhan’gang. Analysis of navigation safety control of ships inward and outward the port from design perspective[J]. China Water Transport, 2008, 8(6): 14−15.
15
于洋. 海洋运输船舶首锚重量统计分析[J]. 大连海事大学学报, 2016, 42(4): 33−40.
Yu Yang. A statistic analysis of bow anchor weights of sea-going merchant ships[J]. Journal of Dalian Maritime University, 2016, 42(4): 33−40.
16
中华人民共和国交通运输部. JTS 165−2013, 海港总体设计规范[S]. 北京: 人民交通出版社, 2014.
Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China. JTS 165−2013, Design code of general layout for sea ports[S]. Beijing: China Communications Press, 2014.
17
Hansen J B. A revised and extended formula for bearing capacity[J]. Danish Geotechnical Institute Bulletin, 1970, 28(28): 5−11.
18
Meyerhof G G. Some recent research on the bearing capacity of foundations[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 1963, 1(1): 16−26.
19
Terzaghi K, Perk R B, Mesri G. Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice[M]. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1967.
20
Vesic A S. Analysis of ultimate loads of shallow foundations[J]. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, 1973, 99(1): 45−73.
2020年第42卷第11期
PDF下载
77
26
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.11.012
  • 接收时间:2019-08-01
  • 首发时间:2026-03-27
  • 出版时间:2020-11-25
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2019-08-01
  • 修回日期:2020-02-22
基金
国家重点研发计划(2016YFE0200100);国家自然科学基金(41772296,51639002)。
作者信息
    1 大连理工大学 海岸和近海工程国家重点实验室,辽宁 大连 116023
    2 上海船舶运输科学研究所,上海 200135
    3 华润置地大连有限公司,辽宁 大连 116019

通讯作者:

*张可成(1986-),男,江苏省徐州市人,主要从事船舶设计。E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/CN/10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.11.012
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏