Article(id=1244308294609777233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1244308288934883825, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.10.009, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1560096000000, receivedDateStr=2019-06-10, revisedDate=1563724800000, revisedDateStr=2019-07-22, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774595815564, onlineDateStr=2026-03-27, pubDate=1603555200000, pubDateStr=2020-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774595815564, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774595815564, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774595815564, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1244308288934883825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2020', volume='42', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='154', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774595814212, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774597088429, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1244313633455452997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1244308288934883825, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1244313633455452998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1244308288934883825, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=92, endPage=99, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1244308295796765316, articleId=1244308294609777233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=Spatio-temporal variations in the habitat of jumbo squid Dosidicus gigas in the Southeast Pacific Ocean off Peru under anomalous climate conditions, columnId=1194652705852465724, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Jumbo squid Dosidicus gigas is the main fishing target by Chinese squid-jigging fisheries, which mainly distributes in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Its habitat can be greatly affected by climatic changes. In this study, we calculated the habitat suitability index (HSI) on the squid fishing ground in the Southeast Pacific Ocean off Peru based on data of sea surface temperature (SST), the anomalies of sea surface height (SSHA) and Niño3.4 index during 1950 to 2015. Spatio-temporal variations in the squid habitat were further examined under the El Niño, the normal and the La Niña conditions. The results showed that variations in SST anomalies (SSTA) and SSHA in the fishing ground were consistent with those of the Niño3.4 index. Cross correlation analysis indicated that both SSTA and SSHA were significantly positively correlated with the Niño3.4 index. However, the HSI values were significantly negatively correlated with the Niño3.4 index. We divided the years between 1950 and 2015 into three types, the El Niño years, the normal years and the La Niña years. During the El Niño years, water temperature became warm, and the SSH increased; these changes led to contracted areas of suitable SST and SSHA, therefore, the range of suitable habitats largely decreased. However, during the normal and the La Niña years, water temperature was cold, the SSH decreased, and ranges of suitable SST and SSHA enlarged; these changes resulted in the increases in suitable habitat for the squid. Furthermore, the latitudinal gravity centers of suitable HSI on the squid fishing ground were significantly positively correlated with the Niño3.4 index. The latitudinal gravity centers of suitable HSI shifted southward in the El Niño years. Our findings suggested that ENSO events significantly affected environmental conditions on the squid fishing ground, and thus affected ranges and latitudinal distribution of suitable habitat for the squid in the Southeast Pacific Ocean off Peru.

, correspAuthors=Wei Yu, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Haiyang Xuebao, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jian Wen, Jingwen Gong, Ting Li, Songling Zhao, Yuanyuan Tian, Xinjun Chen, Wei Yu), CN=ArticleExt(id=1244308298707612398, articleId=1244308294609777233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=异常气候条件下秘鲁外海茎柔鱼栖息地的时空变动, columnId=1149698756456657529, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

茎柔鱼主要分布于东太平洋,是我国鱿钓渔船的主要捕捞对象,气候变化对其栖息地有较大影响。本研究依据1950−2015年海表温度(SST)、海表高度距平(SSHA)以及尼诺指数(Niño3.4指数),计算秘鲁外海茎柔鱼栖息地适宜性指数(HSI),分析在厄尔尼诺(El Niño)、正常气候和拉尼娜(La Niña)条件下适宜栖息地的时空变动。分析表明,海表温度距平(SSTA)和SSHA与Niño3.4指数的变化趋势基本相同,Niño3.4指数与SSTA和SSHA均呈显著正相关,但与HSI值呈显著负相关。依据气候事件的定义,将研究年份划分为El Niño年,正常年和La Niña年。研究发现,在El Niño年,茎柔鱼渔场水温变暖,海面高度上升,适宜的SST和SSHA范围缩小,导致适宜的栖息地面积范围缩减;而在正常气候和La Niña年份,茎柔鱼渔场水温变冷,海面高度下降,适宜的SST和SSHA范围增大,因此适宜的栖息地面积范围增加。此外,Niño3.4指数和茎柔鱼渔场HSI纬度重心呈显著正相关,在El Niño事件下适宜的栖息地纬度重心向南偏移。研究认为,不同ENSO事件下茎柔鱼渔场环境变化显著,进而影响茎柔鱼适宜的栖息地范围及其空间分布。

, correspAuthors=余为, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*余为,讲师,主要从事渔业海洋学研究。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《海洋学报》编辑部 2023, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=vWT79TU/vL/4eXIXvH+9hw==, magXml=DVlAw5lvgl1peBLndxDMKg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=gyot8Wlow70d0gG7jJyOnA==, pdfFileSize=1952690, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=0cLJnpS9XnwUAYpaJehuuQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=KCDpT+37Cgz9dZ4dtH4K3A==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

温健(1998-),男,山西省汾阳市人,研究方向为渔业海洋学。E-mail:

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温健(1998-),男,山西省汾阳市人,研究方向为渔业海洋学。E-mail:

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温健(1998-),男,山西省汾阳市人,研究方向为渔业海洋学。E-mail:

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2 National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai 201306, China
3 Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China
4 Collaborative Innovation Center for Distant-water Fisheries, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1246523615315911005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244308294609777233, authorId=1246523615110390092, language=CN, stringName=陈新军, firstName=新军, middleName=null, lastName=陈, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, 4, address=1 上海海洋大学 海洋科学学院,上海 201306
2 国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海 201306
3 大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室,上海 201306
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“+” represents abnormal value), figureFileSmall=PtlUDV7SZqnHXM84zRd/aA==, figureFileBig=7A4x5R0AtIJziI4w9mTs4w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246523619573129675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244308294609777233, language=CN, label=图8, caption=1950−2015年Niño3.4指数与渔场重心纬度(LAGTHSI)的交相关系数(a)及渔场重心在不同气候模式下的纬向变化(b,“+”为异常值), figureFileSmall=PtlUDV7SZqnHXM84zRd/aA==, figureFileBig=7A4x5R0AtIJziI4w9mTs4w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246523619677987278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244308294609777233, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Definition of the El Niño and La Niña events for years 1950−2015

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ENSO种类年份
El Niño1951、1953、1957、1963、1965、1969、1972、1976、1977、1982、1986、1987、1991、1994、1997、2002、2004、2006、2009、2015
正常气候1950、1952、1956、1958、1959、1960、1961、1962、1966、1967、1968、1974、1978、1979、1980、1981、1984、1985、1989、1990、1992、1993、1996、2001、2003、2005、2008、2012、2013、2014
La Niña1954、1955、1964、1970、1971、1973、1975、1983、1988、1995、1998、1999、2000、2007、2010、2011
), ArticleFig(id=1246523619774456276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244308294609777233, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

1950−2015年El Niño和La Niña事件的确定

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ENSO种类年份
El Niño1951、1953、1957、1963、1965、1969、1972、1976、1977、1982、1986、1987、1991、1994、1997、2002、2004、2006、2009、2015
正常气候1950、1952、1956、1958、1959、1960、1961、1962、1966、1967、1968、1974、1978、1979、1980、1981、1984、1985、1989、1990、1992、1993、1996、2001、2003、2005、2008、2012、2013、2014
La Niña1954、1955、1964、1970、1971、1973、1975、1983、1988、1995、1998、1999、2000、2007、2010、2011
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异常气候条件下秘鲁外海茎柔鱼栖息地的时空变动
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温健 1 , 贡静雯 1 , 李婷 1 , 赵嵩玲 1 , 田园园 1 , 陈新军 1, 2, 3, 4 , 余为 1, 2, 3, 4, *
海洋学报 | 论文 2020,42(10): 92-99
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海洋学报 | 论文 2020, 42(10): 92-99
异常气候条件下秘鲁外海茎柔鱼栖息地的时空变动
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温健1 , 贡静雯1, 李婷1, 赵嵩玲1, 田园园1, 陈新军1, 2, 3, 4, 余为1, 2, 3, 4, *
作者信息
  • 1 上海海洋大学 海洋科学学院,上海 201306
  • 2 国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海 201306
  • 3 大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室,上海 201306
  • 4 远洋渔业协同创新中心,上海 201306
  • 温健(1998-),男,山西省汾阳市人,研究方向为渔业海洋学。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*余为,讲师,主要从事渔业海洋学研究。E-mail:
Spatio-temporal variations in the habitat of jumbo squid Dosidicus gigas in the Southeast Pacific Ocean off Peru under anomalous climate conditions
Jian Wen1 , Jingwen Gong1, Ting Li1, Songling Zhao1, Yuanyuan Tian1, Xinjun Chen1, 2, 3, 4, Wei Yu1, 2, 3, 4, *
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
  • 2 National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai 201306, China
  • 3 Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China
  • 4 Collaborative Innovation Center for Distant-water Fisheries, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
出版时间: 2020-10-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.10.009
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茎柔鱼主要分布于东太平洋,是我国鱿钓渔船的主要捕捞对象,气候变化对其栖息地有较大影响。本研究依据1950−2015年海表温度(SST)、海表高度距平(SSHA)以及尼诺指数(Niño3.4指数),计算秘鲁外海茎柔鱼栖息地适宜性指数(HSI),分析在厄尔尼诺(El Niño)、正常气候和拉尼娜(La Niña)条件下适宜栖息地的时空变动。分析表明,海表温度距平(SSTA)和SSHA与Niño3.4指数的变化趋势基本相同,Niño3.4指数与SSTA和SSHA均呈显著正相关,但与HSI值呈显著负相关。依据气候事件的定义,将研究年份划分为El Niño年,正常年和La Niña年。研究发现,在El Niño年,茎柔鱼渔场水温变暖,海面高度上升,适宜的SST和SSHA范围缩小,导致适宜的栖息地面积范围缩减;而在正常气候和La Niña年份,茎柔鱼渔场水温变冷,海面高度下降,适宜的SST和SSHA范围增大,因此适宜的栖息地面积范围增加。此外,Niño3.4指数和茎柔鱼渔场HSI纬度重心呈显著正相关,在El Niño事件下适宜的栖息地纬度重心向南偏移。研究认为,不同ENSO事件下茎柔鱼渔场环境变化显著,进而影响茎柔鱼适宜的栖息地范围及其空间分布。

茎柔鱼  /  栖息地  /  时空分布  /  异常气候条件  /  秘鲁

Jumbo squid Dosidicus gigas is the main fishing target by Chinese squid-jigging fisheries, which mainly distributes in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Its habitat can be greatly affected by climatic changes. In this study, we calculated the habitat suitability index (HSI) on the squid fishing ground in the Southeast Pacific Ocean off Peru based on data of sea surface temperature (SST), the anomalies of sea surface height (SSHA) and Niño3.4 index during 1950 to 2015. Spatio-temporal variations in the squid habitat were further examined under the El Niño, the normal and the La Niña conditions. The results showed that variations in SST anomalies (SSTA) and SSHA in the fishing ground were consistent with those of the Niño3.4 index. Cross correlation analysis indicated that both SSTA and SSHA were significantly positively correlated with the Niño3.4 index. However, the HSI values were significantly negatively correlated with the Niño3.4 index. We divided the years between 1950 and 2015 into three types, the El Niño years, the normal years and the La Niña years. During the El Niño years, water temperature became warm, and the SSH increased; these changes led to contracted areas of suitable SST and SSHA, therefore, the range of suitable habitats largely decreased. However, during the normal and the La Niña years, water temperature was cold, the SSH decreased, and ranges of suitable SST and SSHA enlarged; these changes resulted in the increases in suitable habitat for the squid. Furthermore, the latitudinal gravity centers of suitable HSI on the squid fishing ground were significantly positively correlated with the Niño3.4 index. The latitudinal gravity centers of suitable HSI shifted southward in the El Niño years. Our findings suggested that ENSO events significantly affected environmental conditions on the squid fishing ground, and thus affected ranges and latitudinal distribution of suitable habitat for the squid in the Southeast Pacific Ocean off Peru.

Dosidicus gigas  /  habitat  /  spatio-temporal distribution  /  anomalous climate conditions  /  Peru
温健, 贡静雯, 李婷, 赵嵩玲, 田园园, 陈新军, 余为. 异常气候条件下秘鲁外海茎柔鱼栖息地的时空变动. 海洋学报, 2020 , 42 (10) : 92 -99 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.10.009
Jian Wen, Jingwen Gong, Ting Li, Songling Zhao, Yuanyuan Tian, Xinjun Chen, Wei Yu. Spatio-temporal variations in the habitat of jumbo squid Dosidicus gigas in the Southeast Pacific Ocean off Peru under anomalous climate conditions[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2020 , 42 (10) : 92 -99 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.10.009
茎柔鱼(Dosidicus gigas)属于大洋中上层头足类,在东太平洋分布广泛,主要分布于加利福尼亚半岛(37°N)到智利南部(47°S),从北美洲和南美洲海岸到125°W的海域[1]。1974年茎柔鱼渔业开始发展,到1980年产量达到1.9万t,但1982年出现短暂资源枯竭,到20世纪90年代,茎柔鱼资源增长并被大规模开发[2]。根据联合国粮农组织统计,中国鱿钓船队于2001年开始捕捞茎柔鱼,2001−2015年茎柔鱼总产量从1.78万t上升至32.4万t[3]。茎柔鱼生命周期短,仅有1~2 a[4],因此其种群对栖息地环境及不同尺度气候变化极为敏感[5-6]。研究已表明,海表温度(Sea Surface Temperature,SST)和海表高度(Sea Surface Hight,SSH)对茎柔鱼栖息地变动的影响相比其他环境因子更为显著[7]。此外,光合有效辐射(Photosynthetically Active Radiation,PAR)[8]及净初级生产力(Net Primary Productivity,NPP)[9]等环境因子与茎柔鱼渔场也有密切联系。
厄尔尼诺−南方涛动(El Niño-Southern Oscillation,ENSO)是海洋与大气连续但不规则的循环变化现象,它影响全球气候异常变化 [10]。厄尔尼诺(El Niño)事件发生时,太平洋中部和东部海域表温异常变暖;而拉尼娜(La Niña)事件发生时,太平洋中部和东部海域表温则异常变冷,ENSO现象具有年际变动[11]。以往研究表明,鲐鱼(Scomber japonicus)、黄鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus albacares)、柔鱼(Ommastrephes bartramii)、褶柔鱼(Todarodes pacificus)等鱼种的空间分布及资源丰度均受ENSO的调控[12-15]。对于茎柔鱼, 以往研究主要关注ENSO事件对其渔场环境状况的影响,并探索其资源空间分布的变化[16]。对于ENSO影响茎柔鱼栖息地的研究也仅限于分析特殊年份,且时间序列短[9]。因此,本研究分析长时间尺度下,在不同ENSO事件期间秘鲁外海茎柔鱼渔场环境的变化,以及不同事件期间茎柔鱼栖息地适宜性及栖息地纬度重心的变化,探索适宜栖息地时空分布对不同ENSO事件的响应过程,以掌握年际气候变化对茎柔鱼栖息地的影响,为可持续开发和利用茎柔鱼资源提供依据。
环境数据包括SST和SSH,来源于夏威夷大学网站(http://apdrc.soest.hawaii.edu/data/data.php)。数据时间范围为1950−2015年1−12月,空间范围覆盖秘鲁外海茎柔鱼渔场,其中渔场范围为8°~20°S,95°~75°W(图1),SST和SSH时间分辨率为月,空间分辨率原为0.1°×0.1°,均通过插值转化为0.5°×0.5°。ENSO事件利用Niño3.4区海表温距平值(Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly,SSTA)来表示,其数据来自美国NOAA气候预报中心(https://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/ensostuff/ensoyears.shtml)。
依据NOAA对El Niño和La Niña事件的定义,Niño3.4区(5°N~5°S,170°~120°W)SSTA连续5个月滑动平均值超过+0.5℃,则认为发生一次El Niño事件;若连续5个月低于−0.5℃,则认为发生一次La Niña事件,其余为正常气候。本研究据此定义1950−2015年发生的异常环境事件(表1)。
计算SSTA和海表高度距平值(Sea Surface Height Anomaly,SSHA),并且依据1950−2015年9−12月的Niño3.4区SSTA,结合对应月份的SSTA及SSHA数据,对1950−2015年东南太平洋秘鲁茎柔鱼渔场进行年际变化分析,分析SSTA、SSHA、Niño3.4指数的变化趋势。此外,利用交相关函数分析Niño3.4指数与SSTA和SSHA的滞后相关性。
依据定义的El Niño和La Niña事件,将1950−2015年9−12月的SSTA和SSHA数据分为3种ENSO年份,计算空间平均值,绘制不同类型下的空间分布图,分析其空间分布特征。依据Yu等[17]建立的适应性指数(Suitability Index,SI)模型,建立SI-SST和SI-SSHA时的响应变量是捕捞努力量,推算茎柔鱼渔场海域9−12月适宜的海表温度(SI-SST)和适宜的海表高度距平(SI-SSHA),分析SSTA、SSHA、SI-SST和SI-SSHA在不同ENSO事件期间的变动规律。
利用算术平均法(Arithmetic Mean Model, AMM)计算综合栖息地适宜性指数(Habitat Suitability Index, HSI),其计算公式如下:
${\rm{HSI}} = \frac{1}{2}\left( {{\rm{S}}{{\rm{I}}_{{\rm{SST}}}} + {\rm{S}}{{\rm{I}}_{{\rm{SSHA}}}}} \right),$
式中,SISST和SISSHA分别为SST和SSHA的适宜性指数。HSI的范围为0~1,将HSI≤0.2、0.2<HSI<0.6及HSI≥0.6分别定义为不适宜的、正常的及适宜的栖息地[9]。利用交相关函数分析Niño3.4指数和HSI的滞后相关性。此外,在不同ENSO事件下分析HSI的变化,并且依据1950−2015年9−12月茎柔鱼渔场海域HSI数据,计算空间平均值并绘制空间分布图,分析适宜性栖息地面积在不同ENSO事件下的空间变化特征。
计算各月茎柔鱼HSI的纬度重心,并利用交相关函数分析Niño3.4指数与茎柔鱼HSI的纬度重心的滞后相关性。此外,将1950−2015年9−12月茎柔鱼平均HSI的纬度重心进行归类,分析不同ENSO事件期间纬度重心的变化。其中,HSI纬度重心计算方法为[9]
${{\rm{LAGT}}_{{\rm{HSI}}}} = \frac{{\displaystyle\sum {\left[ {{\rm{Latitud}}{{\rm{e}}_{\left( {i,m} \right)}} \times {\rm{HS}}{{\rm{I}}_{\left( {i,m} \right)}}} \right]} }}{{\displaystyle\sum {{\rm{HS}}{{\rm{I}}_{\left( {i,m} \right)}}} }},$
式中,LAGTHSI为HSI的纬度重心;Latitude为纬度值;i为渔区;m为月份。
图2可以看出,Niño3.4指数、秘鲁外海茎柔鱼渔场SSTA及SSHA呈显著年际变化。从三者的波动情况可以看出,当Niño3.4指数上升时,相应地SSTA和SSHA均增长;当Niño3.4指数下降时,SSTA和SSHA也随之降低。
交相关分析表明,Niño3.4指数与茎柔鱼渔场SSTA呈显著正相关,在SSTA滞后0月时相关性最大,相关系数值为0.5942(p<0.05),表明在Niño3.4区SSTA发生变化时,秘鲁外海茎柔鱼渔场SSTA随之迅速变化;同样,Niño3.4指数与茎柔鱼渔场SSHA也呈显著正相关,在SSHA滞后1个月时相关性最大,相关系数值为0.5647(p<0.05)(图3)。
秘鲁外海茎柔鱼渔场SSTA和SSHA与ENSO事件有显著的相关性。由图4可以看出,当El Niño事件发生时,渔场SSTA均为正值,表明茎柔鱼渔场的海表水温偏高;在正常气候条件下,茎柔鱼渔场的海表水温相较于El Niño事件明显降低;而在La Niña事件下,SSTA均为负值,相较于前两种气候条件,茎柔鱼渔场的海表水温最低。茎柔鱼渔场SSHA与ENSO的相关性与SSTA大致相同,在El Niño、正常气候和La Niña条件下,茎柔鱼渔场海面高度依次降低。
秘鲁外海茎柔鱼渔场SSTA、SSHA、适宜的SST和SSHA在不同的ENSO事件下呈显著的变化(图5)。茎柔鱼渔场SSTA和SSHA在El Niño事件下较高,在正常气候事件和La Niña事件下较低。相应地,正常气候事件和La Niña事件下适宜的SST和SSHA显著高于El Niño事件。
交相关分析表明,Niño3.4指数与HSI呈显著负相关,在HSI滞后1个月产生最大负影响,相关系数值为−0.2656(p<0.05),表明在Niño3.4指数较高时,适宜的栖息地面积较少(图6)。进一步分析在不同ENSO事件下茎柔鱼渔场HSI的时空变化(图7)。结果显示,1950−2015年在正常气候和La Niña事件下,茎柔鱼的HSI值显著高于El Niño事件。此外,茎柔鱼适宜栖息地面积比例也显著高于El Niño事件。此外,从空间分布图看,正常气候和La Niña事件下,HSI≥0.6的面积比例较大;El Niño事件下的HSI值大部分小于0.6,表明栖息地质量较低。
Niño3.4指数与茎柔鱼渔场HSI的纬度重心的交相关分析表明,两者呈显著正相关。并在HSI的纬度重心滞后0月时具最大相关性,相关系数值为0.3562(p<0.05),表明Niño3.4指数较高时,茎柔鱼渔场HSI的纬度重心偏南。在El Niño事件下,茎柔鱼渔场HSI的纬度重心明显较正常气候事件和La Niña事件下的纬度重心向南移动(图8)。
ENSO能使热带太平洋生态系统出现较强的年际变化,对诸多经济鱼种的资源丰度及空间分布产生影响[18]。茎柔鱼因其生命周期短,对于环境因子的变化极为敏感,异常气候现象对其资源波动也有较大影响,特别是El Niño和La Niña事件[19]。Robinson等[20]研究发现,La Niña事件引起海表温度较长时间变冷的现象,使得茎柔鱼的渔获量较高;从2005年1月到2012年3月,渔获量逐步下降,发现此与栖息地水温逐渐变暖有关。Waluda和Rodhouse[21]认为,1998-1999年强El Niño事件期间,上升流势力较弱,导致茎柔鱼资源丰度和渔获量较低。本研究发现,Niño3.4指数与秘鲁外海茎柔鱼渔场SSTA和SSHA呈显著正相关,Niño3.4指数越高,渔场的海表温度及海面高度越高。此外,本研究通过分析茎柔鱼渔场SSTA和SSHA的空间分布特征,同样发现在El Niño事件下,渔场的水温偏暖,海面高度升高;在正常气候及La Niña事件下,渔场的水温偏冷,海面高度降低。Yu等[9]研究认为,与2015年的强El Niño事件相比,2011年的La Niña事件产生了适宜的环境条件,有利于茎柔鱼的生长和生存。在2011年的每个季节,各环境因子的适宜面积都有所增大,从而使适宜栖息地面积增加。这与本研究结果一致。本研究通过对不同ENSO事件下SI-SST和SI-SSHA变化进行分析,发现在正常气候及La Niña事件下,适宜的SST和SSHA相比于El Niño事件下的比例有显著的增加。
基于Yu等[17]研究结果,本研究将SST和SSHA作为关键环境因子,构建了栖息地指数模型。已有较多研究证实SST对茎柔鱼渔场形成有重要影响,并常用于HSI建模[15-16, 22-23]。SSHA作为影响栖息地的重要因素之一,将其用于HSI建模能更加准确地探索适宜栖息地的分布范围。Yu等[9]研究表明SSHA是造成栖息地质量差异的主导因素。通过算术平均模型(Arithmetic mean model,AMM)方法计算HSI,可以在结果中反应每个环境因子的变化。目前,大多数研究选择AMM方法并成功预测鱼种的栖息地适宜性,例如鲣鱼(Katsuwonus pelamis[24]、鲐鱼(Scomber japonicus[12]、柔鱼(Ommastrephes bartramii[25]。本文利用1950−2015年的Niño3.4指数与HSI值进行交相关分析,发现两者呈显著负相关,滞后1个月的相关性最强,表明茎柔鱼栖息地能够迅速响应ENSO事件。Yu等[17]利用2006−2013年的数据对HSI与Niño3.4指数进行分析,发现滞后时间为−1~−3个月,呈显著负相关,与本研究结果一致。此外,本研究分析了适宜栖息地纬度重心与Niño3.4指数的交相关性,发现两者呈显著正相关。进一步分析在不同ENSO事件下适宜栖息地纬度重心的变化,发现在El Niño事件下,适宜栖息地纬度重心偏南;在正常气候及La Niña事件下,适宜栖息地纬度重心偏北。Paulino等[26]研究表明,渔捞作业船队的年度分布与El Niño海温异常相关,在2008年和2009年船队集中在北部,在La Niña事件年份呈分散空间分布,但总体集中在SST范围为18.4~22℃的海域内。这可能是由于商业渔船的特性,El Niño事件下茎柔鱼资源丰度较低,船队仅在资源较为集中的地区进行作业。徐冰等[16]根据我国2005−2009年鱿钓船生产数据,结合表温等资料,发现2007年受La Niña事件影响,相较2006年和2009年10−12 月El Niño事件,中心作业渔场向北偏移了1°~2°。这与本文研究结果一致。
本研究推测秘鲁外海茎柔鱼栖息地适宜性对不同ENSO事件的可能响应过程为:在El Niño事件下,茎柔鱼渔场海表温度升高,海面高度上升,适宜的海表温度和海表高度面积减少,栖息地质量下降,适宜栖息地面积减少,适宜栖息地纬度重心偏南;在正常气候及La Niña事件下,茎柔鱼渔场海表温度降低,海面高度下降,适宜的海表温度和海面高度面积增加,栖息地质量上升,适宜栖息地面积增加,适宜栖息地纬度重心偏北。由于HSI模型存在偏差,仅利用SST和SSHA两个参数不能完全描述茎柔鱼栖息地的环境变化,今后的研究中我们应加入其他环境因子并且考虑各环境因子的权重分配,使模型预测更加精确。此外,由于生产数据的缺失,我们较难对长时间尺度的环境数据进行对比,因此今后应加强国际渔业合作收集更多的数据。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD0901405);上海市自然科学基金(19ZR1423000);国家自然科学基金(NSFC41876141);大洋渔业资源可持续发展重点实验室开放基金(A1-0203-00-2009-5);上海市水产高峰一流学科(Fisheries A)。
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2020年第42卷第10期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.10.009
  • 接收时间:2019-06-10
  • 首发时间:2026-03-27
  • 出版时间:2020-10-25
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  • 收稿日期:2019-06-10
  • 修回日期:2019-07-22
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD0901405);上海市自然科学基金(19ZR1423000);国家自然科学基金(NSFC41876141);大洋渔业资源可持续发展重点实验室开放基金(A1-0203-00-2009-5);上海市水产高峰一流学科(Fisheries A)。
作者信息
    1 上海海洋大学 海洋科学学院,上海 201306
    2 国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海 201306
    3 大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室,上海 201306
    4 远洋渔业协同创新中心,上海 201306

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*余为,讲师,主要从事渔业海洋学研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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