Article(id=1244308225412150224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1244308220395765786, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.09.001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1558368000000, receivedDateStr=2019-05-21, revisedDate=1562860800000, revisedDateStr=2019-07-12, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774595799065, onlineDateStr=2026-03-27, pubDate=1600963200000, pubDateStr=2020-09-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774595799065, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774595799065, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774595799065, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1244308220395765786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2020', volume='42', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='142', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774595797871, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774597110020, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1244313724010476358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1244308220395765786, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1244313724010476359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1244308220395765786, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1, endPage=8, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1244308225949021145, articleId=1244308225412150224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=Low frequency variation of abyssal current east of the Luzon Strait: Cast study from in situ observation, columnId=1243867131083862618, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Physical Oceanography, Marine Meteorology and Marine Physics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to investigate long-term variations of deep sea currents and temperature in the east of the Luzon Strait, a submarine mooring system was made at 19.75°N, 126.75°E from May 2015 to May 2016 in the Philippine Sea. The vertical distribution of ocean currents and its temporal variation characteristics are analyzed in the paper. Several features show that: (1) In the upper layer (100~160 m) , the average current velocity is about 12.5 cm/s with average flow direction oriented northwest; in the middle layer (810 m), the average current velocity is about 2.6 cm/s with flow direction oriented westward; in the deep layer of 1 550 m and 2 560 m, the average current velocity is small and less than 1 cm/s whereas that in 4 040 m is about 2.3 cm/s and oriented southwest. (2) The kinetic energy of the upper layer is one to two orders of magnitude compared with the middle and the deep layers. In the deep layer, the total kinetic energy and average kinetic energy in the 4 040 m layer is the largest, with smallest total kinetic energy and eddy kinetic energy in the 2 560 m layer, and with smallest averaged kinetic energy and largest eddy kinetic energy in the 1 550 m layer. Meanwhile, eddy kinetic energy is larger than averaged kinetic energy in all the layers. (3) The wavelet analysis shows that ocean current exhibits a low-frequency oscillation period of 81~85 d in layers shallower than 2 560 m, while the current at 4 040 m shows 51 d oscillation period.

, correspAuthors=Aijun Pan, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Haiyang Xuebao, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Fangfang Kuang, Aijun Pan, Junpeng Zhang, Jiang Huang, Shangzhan Cai, Jiajun Li, Mo Li), CN=ArticleExt(id=1244308229522567226, articleId=1244308225412150224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=基于潜标观测的吕宋海峡以东深海海流的低频变异, columnId=1243867132501540921, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=物理海洋、海洋气象、海洋物理, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本文利用在菲律宾海布放的一套锚系潜标获取的长时间海流和水温观测数据,分析了吕宋海峡以东的深海海洋环境特征,着重阐释了该海域海流的全水深垂向结构及其低频变化特征。研究表明,表层(100~160 m)平均流向为西偏北,流速约为12.5 cm/s;中层(810 m)的平均流为西向,流速为2.6 cm/s;深层(1 550 m和2 560 m)的平均流速在1 cm/s以内,近底(4 040 m)的流向为较稳定的西南向,流速为2.3 cm/s。上层海流的动能比中层和深层大1~2个量级,总动能、平均动能、涡动动能均在表层最大,中层次之、深层最小,各层次涡动能均大于平均动能。中上层海流的低频变化具有极高的相似性,全年为81~85 d的周期振荡;近底层海流则不同,变化周期约为51 d。

, correspAuthors=潘爱军, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*潘爱军,男,从事海洋环流动力学研究。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《海洋学报》编辑部 2023, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=L4rsYQOIVJ5daWQDkfl6RQ==, magXml=ViBXsPBEtSWGG7pPMh8QYw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=7vhcGZ23XEv6rkJgCx8evQ==, pdfFileSize=2712822, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=6/eSJsrGXXxB5MvAN2GZ8w==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=HK2H+ZR5D1RvcYb13RQJKQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

旷芳芳(1985-),女,湖南省衡阳市人,助理研究员,从事海洋环流数值模拟研究。E-mail:

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旷芳芳(1985-),女,湖南省衡阳市人,助理研究员,从事海洋环流数值模拟研究。E-mail:

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旷芳芳(1985-),女,湖南省衡阳市人,助理研究员,从事海洋环流数值模拟研究。E-mail:

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language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=低频变化), Keyword(id=1246525061436429231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244308225412150224, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=吕宋海峡), Keyword(id=1246525061541286835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244308225412150224, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=菲律宾海)], refs=[Reference(id=1246525065244856330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244308225412150224, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Uchida H, Yamamoto H, Ichikawa K, et al. 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Characteristics of low-frequency components of the near-bottom current in the Chinese Pioneer Area[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2004, 49(11): 1184−1189., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246525066045968421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244308225412150224, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kawabe M, Yanagimoto D, Kitagawa S, et al. Variations of the deep western boundary current in Wake Island Passage[J]. 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Quasi 90-day oscillation of the current in the area of subtropical countercurrent in the North Pacific[J]. Journal of Ocean University of Qingdao, 2002, 32(1): 18−24., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1246525065081278467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244308225412150224, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=大洋“十三五”环境项目(DY135-E2-3-03,DY135-E2-2-02,DY135-E2-5-01)。, fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1246525056722031368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244308225412150224, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1246525056726225671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244308225412150224, companyId=1246525056722031368, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1246525056738808584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, 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figs=[ArticleFig(id=1246525061742613433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244308225412150224, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Location of the mooring (a), water depth around the mooring (b), temperature of section 126.75°E and observation layers of the mooring (c), and climatologic monthly winds at the mooring position (d), figureFileSmall=0oBejA6cHJ4liVYrzGt8WQ==, figureFileBig=fTcain09YbsAutoRtWil3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246525063269340094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244308225412150224, language=CN, label=图1, caption=潜标位置(a)、区域水深(b)、潜标所在断面水温及观测层次(c)和气候态风场(d), figureFileSmall=0oBejA6cHJ4liVYrzGt8WQ==, figureFileBig=fTcain09YbsAutoRtWil3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246525063378392003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244308225412150224, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Daily averaged (a) and monthly averaged (b) time series of observed current vectors, figureFileSmall=q/ySOdrFZ6syTrjXlRCgbA==, figureFileBig=uswBinaPgDTTB6cmpcGh8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246525063474860998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244308225412150224, language=CN, label=图2, caption=日均(a)和月均(b)潜标观测各层次海流矢量时间序列, figureFileSmall=q/ySOdrFZ6syTrjXlRCgbA==, figureFileBig=uswBinaPgDTTB6cmpcGh8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246525063575524300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244308225412150224, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Annually averaged current vectors at different layers observed by mooring, figureFileSmall=7fSpYRwk6XjWQX3/2Z3oig==, figureFileBig=+zmteQUeM22EPggtLe2uBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246525063659410380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244308225412150224, language=CN, label=图3, caption=潜标观测各层次年均海流矢量, figureFileSmall=7fSpYRwk6XjWQX3/2Z3oig==, figureFileBig=+zmteQUeM22EPggtLe2uBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246525063768462287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244308225412150224, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Kinetic energy of the currents at different layers, figureFileSmall=Kp8EHm+rxOjhvfuax3ZFSA==, figureFileBig=CuqUQTuk15pvAOFumaTwwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246525063827182545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244308225412150224, language=CN, label=图4, caption=各层次海流的动能统计, figureFileSmall=Kp8EHm+rxOjhvfuax3ZFSA==, figureFileBig=CuqUQTuk15pvAOFumaTwwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246525063894291412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244308225412150224, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Seasonal variation of average kinetic energy and eddy kinetic energy at different layers, figureFileSmall=VRjBuKcEr4AV0e80Gj+8ag==, figureFileBig=L5ueMAu05iwxkRiEbdw6ww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246525063965594584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244308225412150224, language=CN, label=图5, caption=各层次海流平均动能和涡动动能季节变化, figureFileSmall=VRjBuKcEr4AV0e80Gj+8ag==, figureFileBig=L5ueMAu05iwxkRiEbdw6ww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246525064062063580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244308225412150224, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Frequency-spectrum of vertically averaged current and temperature, figureFileSmall=zrIhihpIDRtOBB/HUQxuWQ==, figureFileBig=t6DYL6MWMAEyAgkqm35TJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246525064141755358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244308225412150224, language=CN, label=图6, caption=垂向平均海流和水温频谱分析, figureFileSmall=zrIhihpIDRtOBB/HUQxuWQ==, figureFileBig=t6DYL6MWMAEyAgkqm35TJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246525064246612961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244308225412150224, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Wavelet analysis of meridional currents (a−e) and temperature (f−j) at different layers

The color filled maps represent wavelet power spectrum and the curves on the right represent global wavelet spectrum. In the color maps, the thick black contours denote the 5% significance level against red noise. The cone of influence where edge effects might distort the picture is shown in lighter shades

, figureFileSmall=jWyxKt0Lnpcr67Y5cDhx2A==, figureFileBig=YEIzj2wsTZpyL89pOWTwNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246525064322110436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244308225412150224, language=CN, label=图7, caption=各层次经向流速(a−e)、水温(f−j)小波分析

填色图为小波功率谱,曲线图为全球小波谱。填色图中粗黑线包围的范围通过了p=0.05显著性水平下的红噪声标准谱的检验;细黑线为影响锥曲线,在该曲线以外的功率谱由于受到边界效应的影响而不予考虑

, figureFileSmall=jWyxKt0Lnpcr67Y5cDhx2A==, figureFileBig=YEIzj2wsTZpyL89pOWTwNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246525064380830695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244308225412150224, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Vector correlation coefficients of 3 d averaged current, figureFileSmall=TqHyBHvdveSMhtFxmJGp2Q==, figureFileBig=xmXjNqgu68YuxqJeQyHoDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246525064519242733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244308225412150224, language=CN, label=图8, caption=3 d平均海流矢量相关系数, figureFileSmall=TqHyBHvdveSMhtFxmJGp2Q==, figureFileBig=xmXjNqgu68YuxqJeQyHoDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246525064615711729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244308225412150224, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Statistics of currents and kinetic energy at different layers (calculated after 3 d averaged)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水深/m平均流速
/cm·s−1
平均流向/(°)最大流速
/cm·s−1
平均水温/℃总动能
/cm2·s−2
平均动能
/cm2·s−2
平均动能占总动能
百分比/%
涡动动能
/cm2·s−2
涡动动能占总动能
百分比/%
  注:−表示缺测数据。
10012.528155358.7877.9822280.8078
16012.42824120.36232.9377.2733155.6667
8102.6270125.0015.083.362211.7278
1 5500.317862.644.850.0314.8199
2 5600.622461.762.120.2091.9291
4 0402.3209101.595.642.54453.1055
), ArticleFig(id=1246525064728957943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244308225412150224, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各层次海流及动能年平均统计值(3 d低通滤波后计算)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水深/m平均流速
/cm·s−1
平均流向/(°)最大流速
/cm·s−1
平均水温/℃总动能
/cm2·s−2
平均动能
/cm2·s−2
平均动能占总动能
百分比/%
涡动动能
/cm2·s−2
涡动动能占总动能
百分比/%
  注:−表示缺测数据。
10012.528155358.7877.9822280.8078
16012.42824120.36232.9377.2733155.6667
8102.6270125.0015.083.362211.7278
1 5500.317862.644.850.0314.8199
2 5600.622461.762.120.2091.9291
4 0402.3209101.595.642.54453.1055
), ArticleFig(id=1246525064821232633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244308225412150224, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Significant periods (unit: d) of meridional current and temperature (3~120 d filtered)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水深/m经向流速水温
  注:−表示缺测数据。
10081
1608276
8108584
1 5508484
2 5608484
4 0405190
), ArticleFig(id=1246525064905118716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1244308225412150224, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

3~120 d带通滤波各变量时间变化的显著周期(单位:d)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水深/m经向流速水温
  注:−表示缺测数据。
10081
1608276
8108584
1 5508484
2 5608484
4 0405190
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基于潜标观测的吕宋海峡以东深海海流的低频变异
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旷芳芳 1 , 潘爱军 1, * , 张俊鹏 1 , 黄奖 1 , 蔡尚湛 1 , 李家军 2 , 李墨 2
海洋学报 | 物理海洋、海洋气象、海洋物理 2020,42(9): 1-8
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海洋学报 | 物理海洋、海洋气象、海洋物理 2020, 42(9): 1-8
基于潜标观测的吕宋海峡以东深海海流的低频变异
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旷芳芳1 , 潘爱军1, * , 张俊鹏1, 黄奖1, 蔡尚湛1, 李家军2, 李墨2
作者信息
  • 1 自然资源部第三海洋研究所,福建 厦门 361005
  • 2 国家海洋技术中心,天津 300112
  • 旷芳芳(1985-),女,湖南省衡阳市人,助理研究员,从事海洋环流数值模拟研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*潘爱军,男,从事海洋环流动力学研究。E-mail:
Low frequency variation of abyssal current east of the Luzon Strait: Cast study from in situ observation
Fangfang Kuang1 , Aijun Pan1, * , Junpeng Zhang1, Jiang Huang1, Shangzhan Cai1, Jiajun Li2, Mo Li2
Affiliations
  • 1 Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
  • 2 National Ocean Technology Center, Tianjin 300112, China
出版时间: 2020-09-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.09.001
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本文利用在菲律宾海布放的一套锚系潜标获取的长时间海流和水温观测数据,分析了吕宋海峡以东的深海海洋环境特征,着重阐释了该海域海流的全水深垂向结构及其低频变化特征。研究表明,表层(100~160 m)平均流向为西偏北,流速约为12.5 cm/s;中层(810 m)的平均流为西向,流速为2.6 cm/s;深层(1 550 m和2 560 m)的平均流速在1 cm/s以内,近底(4 040 m)的流向为较稳定的西南向,流速为2.3 cm/s。上层海流的动能比中层和深层大1~2个量级,总动能、平均动能、涡动动能均在表层最大,中层次之、深层最小,各层次涡动能均大于平均动能。中上层海流的低频变化具有极高的相似性,全年为81~85 d的周期振荡;近底层海流则不同,变化周期约为51 d。

全水深  /  潜标  /  低频变化  /  吕宋海峡  /  菲律宾海

In order to investigate long-term variations of deep sea currents and temperature in the east of the Luzon Strait, a submarine mooring system was made at 19.75°N, 126.75°E from May 2015 to May 2016 in the Philippine Sea. The vertical distribution of ocean currents and its temporal variation characteristics are analyzed in the paper. Several features show that: (1) In the upper layer (100~160 m) , the average current velocity is about 12.5 cm/s with average flow direction oriented northwest; in the middle layer (810 m), the average current velocity is about 2.6 cm/s with flow direction oriented westward; in the deep layer of 1 550 m and 2 560 m, the average current velocity is small and less than 1 cm/s whereas that in 4 040 m is about 2.3 cm/s and oriented southwest. (2) The kinetic energy of the upper layer is one to two orders of magnitude compared with the middle and the deep layers. In the deep layer, the total kinetic energy and average kinetic energy in the 4 040 m layer is the largest, with smallest total kinetic energy and eddy kinetic energy in the 2 560 m layer, and with smallest averaged kinetic energy and largest eddy kinetic energy in the 1 550 m layer. Meanwhile, eddy kinetic energy is larger than averaged kinetic energy in all the layers. (3) The wavelet analysis shows that ocean current exhibits a low-frequency oscillation period of 81~85 d in layers shallower than 2 560 m, while the current at 4 040 m shows 51 d oscillation period.

full water depth  /  submarine mooring  /  low frequency variation  /  the Luzon Strait  /  the Philippine Sea
旷芳芳, 潘爱军, 张俊鹏, 黄奖, 蔡尚湛, 李家军, 李墨. 基于潜标观测的吕宋海峡以东深海海流的低频变异. 海洋学报, 2020 , 42 (9) : 1 -8 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.09.001
Fangfang Kuang, Aijun Pan, Junpeng Zhang, Jiang Huang, Shangzhan Cai, Jiajun Li, Mo Li. Low frequency variation of abyssal current east of the Luzon Strait: Cast study from in situ observation[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2020 , 42 (9) : 1 -8 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.09.001
从20世纪80年代起,研究者们通过大规模的深海环境调查及环流实验试图获取深层海洋的水文环境及深海环流信息[1-7]。深海潜标能提供长时间序列的海流的直接观测资料,对深海海流的研究具有重要作用。Yoshioka等[8]分析了位于西太平洋西马里亚纳海盆的潜标资料,发现4 040 m深的海流存在约60 d周期的季节内振荡,作者分析认为与斜压罗斯贝波的传播有关;梁楚进等[9]分析了热带东太平洋的中国多金属结核开辟区的潜标资料,发现近底层流动表现出约51 d的波动,地形对离底50 m以内的低频流动有明显的影响;Kawabe等[10]分析了位于威克岛通道东侧和西侧的两个潜标资料,发现通道东侧的深层流速及其变化远大于西侧,这可能与水道的地形以及周边海山的分布有关,而海流显示出的4个月左右的变化周期可能与深海中尺度涡的经过有关;Yanagimoto和Kawabe[7]使用5个潜标观测的海流和水温数据对南极底层水在西北太平洋海盆的输运路径进行了研究;Zhai等[11]通过分析菲律宾以东的潜标数据发现该海域近底层海流具有明显的季节变化。
深层海洋与上层海洋存在着截然不同的动力环境和机制,近年来深海在全球海洋气候变化中的作用得到越来越多海洋学家的重视,深海对海洋热量的再分配引起了全球变暖的停滞,深刻影响着全球的气候变异。副热带西太平洋上层海洋流系复杂,主要有北赤道流、黑潮、副热带逆流、黑潮延伸体以南的再循环流,并存在丰富的海洋中尺度涡旋,针对该海域表层和次表层已经有非常多的研究成果,但对深海的综合环境信息仍知之甚少。为了解吕宋海峡东侧深层环流特征及其对深海生态环境的影响,我们于2015年5月26日在该海域布放了一套深海潜标进行了长时间的海流和水温的观测,并于2016年5月25日成功回收,获得了长达1年的连续观测资料。本文将对潜标观测数据进行分析,探讨该海域海流的垂向分布以及时间变化特征。
潜标位于西太平洋吕宋海峡以东约500 km的菲律宾海,地理位置为19.75°N,126.75°E,总水深约5 200 m(图1a)。全球地形数据GEBCO显示,潜标周边50 km的范围内水深为4 800~5 810 m(图1b),局地地形为西北−东南走向。潜标在上层水深160 m的位置挂载了一个ADCP海流剖面仪,ADCP往上观测海流剖面,观测的深度范围为60~160 m,垂向间隔为4 m,在160 m处同时挂载了一个温深仪用来观测水温;在中层和深层的810 m、1 550 m、2 560 m和4 040 m挂载了单点海流计和温深仪观测海流和水温。观测时间为2015年5月27日至2016年5月24日,时间频率为1 h。图1c是潜标所在位置经向断面(0o~40°N,126.75°E)年平均水温分布,可以看到该海域温跃层深度约为200 m;图1d是潜标所在海域多年平均的月平均风矢量图,可以看到4−8月为东南风或偏南风,9月至翌年3月为东北风。
图2是潜标观测的各层次的日平均和月平均海流矢量,其中以100 m和160 m的观测值代表表层、810 m层代表中层,1 550~4 040 m层代表深层。如图2所示,2 560 m以浅的海流的季节变化明显,主要流向有西、西南、西北向,其中表层100 m和160 m的流速的时间变化基本一致;深层的1 550~2 560 m层海流主要为西南、南向和东北向,4 040 m层为较稳定的西南向流。年平均海流矢量如图3所示,其相应的统计值见表1,可见表层(100~160 m)的平均流向为西偏北,平均流速为12.5 cm/s;中层(810 m)为西向流,平均流速为2.6 cm/s;在深层,4 040 m的平均流速相对较大,流向为西南,流速为2.3 cm/s,1 550 m和2 560 m层的平均流速均在1 cm/s以内。
对各层次逐时的海流和水温进行3 d低通滤波后统计其平均值及最大流速,并计算各层次海流的平均动能、涡动动能和总动能。统计结果见图4表1。涡动动能(TKE)、平均动能(KEmean)、总动能(KEtotal)的计算公式如下:
${\rm{KE}}_{\rm{mean}} = \frac{1}{2}\left( {{{\bar u}^2} + {{\bar v}^2}} \right),$
${\rm{K}}{{\rm{E}}_{{\rm{total}}}} = {\rm{mean}}\left[ {\frac{1}{2}\left( {{u^2} + {v^2}} \right)} \right],$
${\rm{TKE}} = {\rm{K}}{{\rm{E}}_{{\rm{total}}}} - {\rm{KE}}_{\rm{mean}},$
式中,uv分别表示纬向流速和径向流速。
统计表明,3 d低通滤波后的最大流速在表层为41~55 cm/s,中层为12 cm/s,深层为6~10 cm/s;年平均水温在表层为20.36℃,中层为5℃,深层为1.59~2.64℃。各层次海流的总动能、平均动能、涡动动能均在表层最大,中层次之、深层最小;在深层,总动能在2 560 m层最小,平均动能在1 550 m层最小,涡动动能在2 560 m层最小;各层次涡动动能均大于平均动能,在1 550 m和2 560 m层涡动动能占总动能的90%以上,其他层次涡动动能占比超过50%。
为进一步分析各层次海流的季节变化特征,使用3 d低通滤波后的海流计算逐月的平均动能、涡动动能和总动能,结果如图5所示。在海洋表层,1月和7月的总动能相对其他月份较大,且以平均动能为主,5月和9月总动能较小;在中层,总动能变化范围为5~38 cm2/s2,在1月最大,是其他月份的两倍以上,且以平均动能为主,总动能在10月和11月最小;在深层的1 550 m,总动能变化范围为1~12 cm2/s2,与中层相似,总动能也是在1月最大,在10月最小;在2 560 m,总动能变化范围为0~5 cm2/s2,4月的总动能最大;在4 040 m,总动能变化范围为1~10 cm2/s2,3−5月总动能较大,9月最小。整体上看,各层次海流无明显的季节变化规律。可以看出,海洋表层的海流表现出了半年周期变化的特征,在冬季和夏季海流较强,春季和秋季较弱,这可能与季风的强弱变化有关;中层和深层海流未表现出显著的四季变化规律,但能看出一些季节变化特征,如在4 040 m的深层春季海流较强且比较稳定。
为了解海流和水温的时间变化规律,首先,对垂向平均的经向流速、纬向流速和水温进行频谱分析(图6)。如图所示,3 d左右的周期出现谱密度的低谷,因此以3 d为界分为高频段和低频段,可以看到在高频段各变量在0.5 d、1 d、1.48 d出现谱密度峰值,这与潮和惯性频率的周期相对应;在低频波段,经向流速和纬向流速在45 d和90 d左右都出现了谱密度的峰值。
为进一步分析深海海流的低频变化特征,对流速和水温3~120 d带通滤波后再进行小波分析。各变量在做小波分析之前均进行了标准化处理。因为经向流速的变化可以反映东西方向水位梯度的变化,能较好地反映向西传播的波动特征,因此选取经向流速作为代表。图7是各层次海流和水温的小波谱和全球功率谱,表2是各变量时间变化的显著周期的统计值。由此可见,2 560 m以浅的流速小波谱较为相似,全年均表现出70~90 d的变化周期,显著周期为81~85 d;根据潘爱军等[12]的研究,该海域海流准90 d的振荡是一种在夏威夷群岛西部出现的波长约为800 km的向西传播的罗斯贝波。除此之外810~2 560 m的海流还有50 d左右的变化周期,并随着深度的增加50 d周期的信号逐渐增强(图7b图7d);4 040 m流速的变化周期为40~60 d,在春季和夏季相对明显(图7e),显著周期为51 d。各层次水温的变化周期为76~90 d,4 040 m层的水温的小波谱与其他层次差别明显(图7f图7j)。
由以上分析可知,在垂向上,2 560 m以浅的海流和水温的低频变化特征表现出相似性,而更深的4 040 m层与其他层次差别较大。Yoshioka等[8]在西马里亚纳海盆(15°N)发现4 040 m深的海流存在60 d左右周期的季节振荡,梁楚进等[9]在对10°N东太平洋的深海潜标数据分析时发现近底层海流(约5 100 m)存在51 d左右的波动,与本文4 040 m层的海流波动周期接近,但其振荡原因还有待将来的进一步研究。
为了研究各层次海流变化的相互关系,对各层次3 d平均的海流进行矢量相关分析,计算得到的相关系数如图8所示。如图所示,100 m和160 m层海流变化高度相关,相关系数达到0.95;810 m、1 550 m、2 560 m这3个层次海流强相关,相互之间的相关系数均在0.69以上;结合小波分析的结果我们认为这3个层次海流变化的特征比较一致;160 m层与810 m层海流的变化中等相关,相关系数为0.59;4 040 m层海流与2 560 m层海流变化相关系数为0.60,与其他层次海流相关性弱,相关系数在0.40以下。综合以上分析,我们认为810~2 560 m的中层和深层海流的变化具有一致性,而更深层的4 040 m层海流与其他层次差异明显。
通过对吕宋海峡东侧潜标观测的长时间的海流和水温数据的分析,得出以下结论:
(1)表层的平均流向为西偏北,平均流速为12.5 cm/s;中层的平均流为西向,平均流速为2.6 cm/s;在深层,1 550 m和2 560 m层的平均流速均在1 cm/s以内,4 040 m的平均流速相对较大,流向为较稳定的西南向,流速为2.3 cm/s。
(2)总动能、平均动能、涡动动能均在表层最大,中层次之、深层最小;在深层,总动能和平均动能在4 040 m层最大,2 560 m层的总动能最小,平均动能在1 550 m层最小,涡动动能在1 500 m层最大、2 560 m层最小;各层次涡动动能均大于平均动能。海流在季节上具有多变性,但无明显的季节变化规律。
(3)2 560 m以浅的流速小波谱表现出相似性,全年均表现出70~90 d的变化周期,除此之外810~2 560 m层的流速还有50 d左右的变化周期,随着深度的增加50 d周期的信号逐渐增强;4 040 m流速的变化周期为40~60 d。相关分析也表明810~2 560 m的中层和深层海流的变化具有一致性。
根据本文的研究,4 040 m的深层海流和水温变化与其他层次差异明显,可能有其相对独立的动力学机制,中深层(810~2 560 m)与表层海流变化具有相似的频谱特征,但其变化机理是否与表层相同、上层海洋(涡旋与风的作用)能影响到多大深度等,这些问题还需要在将来通过更多的深海观测以及数值模拟进一步的研究。
  • 大洋“十三五”环境项目(DY135-E2-3-03,DY135-E2-2-02,DY135-E2-5-01)。
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2020年第42卷第9期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.09.001
  • 接收时间:2019-05-21
  • 首发时间:2026-03-27
  • 出版时间:2020-09-25
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  • 收稿日期:2019-05-21
  • 修回日期:2019-07-12
基金
大洋“十三五”环境项目(DY135-E2-3-03,DY135-E2-2-02,DY135-E2-5-01)。
作者信息
    1 自然资源部第三海洋研究所,福建 厦门 361005
    2 国家海洋技术中心,天津 300112

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*潘爱军,男,从事海洋环流动力学研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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