Article(id=1243955388165501466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1243955381739827662, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.08.008, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1569772800000, receivedDateStr=2019-09-30, revisedDate=1589299200000, revisedDateStr=2020-05-13, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774511676111, onlineDateStr=2026-03-26, pubDate=1598284800000, pubDateStr=2020-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774511676111, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774511676111, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774511676111, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1243955381739827662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2020', volume='42', issue='8', pageStart='1', pageEnd='126', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774511674580, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774511674580, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null}, startPage=69, endPage=75, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1243955388530405929, articleId=1243955388165501466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=Effects of Ulva prolifera in different states on the growth of Prorocentrum donghaiense, columnId=1243955384222855631, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Progress on the development and prevention of Yellow Sea green tide, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In recent years, green tide of Ulva prolifera and red tide of microalgae occurred frequently with increasing marine pollution such as eutrophication in Chinese coastal waters. In this paper, the competitive inhibitory effects of U. prolifera fresh algae, U. prolifera culture filtrate and U. prolifera dry powder in different contents on Prorocentrum donghaiense were studied under laboratory simulation conditions. U. prolifera fresh algae, U. prolifera culture filtrate and U. prolifera dry powder all had inhibitory effects on P. donghaiense under the condition that the initial mass content was greater than 1 g/L, and the inhibitory intensity of U. prolifera dry powder was much higher than U. prolifera culture filtrate and U. prolifera fresh algae. In the co-culture groups, the phenomenon of “low promotion and high inhibition” appeared. Low content of U. prolifera promoted the growth of P. donghaiense, and high content of U. prolifera inhibited the growth of P. donghaiense. In addition, the inhibitory effects increased with the increasing content of U. prolifera. This inhibitory effects of U. prolifera on P. donghaiense may come from the competition and consumption of nutrients. In addition, the effects may also come from the influence of allelopathic substances released by U. prolifera on P. donghaiense. The inhibitory effects of U. prolifera on P. donghaiense can provide ideas and methods for the biological control of red tide.

, correspAuthors=Jiangtao Wang, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Haiyang Xuebao, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Kun Lin, Xue Yang, Liju Tan, Jiangtao Wang), CN=ArticleExt(id=1243955390149407356, articleId=1243955388165501466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=不同状态浒苔对东海原甲藻生长的影响, columnId=1243955384352879058, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=黄海绿潮发展规律与防控研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

近年来富营养化等海洋污染现象日益加重,我国近海每年都会暴发浒苔绿潮和微藻赤潮现象。本文在实验室模拟条件下,研究了不同状态不同含量的浒苔(Ulva prolifera),即浒苔新鲜藻体、浒苔培养液和浒苔干粉末与东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)共培养时产生的竞争抑制作用。结果表明,浒苔新鲜藻体、浒苔培养液和浒苔干粉末在初始质量含量大于1 g/L的条件下都会对东海原甲藻产生抑制作用,浒苔干粉末的抑制强度远远超过浒苔培养滤液和浒苔新鲜藻体。在二者共培养时,出现了“低促高抑”的现象,即浒苔含量较低时会促进东海原甲藻的生长,而高含量的浒苔则抑制东海原甲藻的生长,且抑制作用随浒苔含量的升高而增大。浒苔对东海原甲藻的这种抑制作用,一方面可能来自于营养物质的竞争和消耗,另一方面可能来自于浒苔释放的化感物质对东海原甲藻产生的影响。利用浒苔对东海原甲藻的抑制作用,可为东海原甲藻赤潮的生物防治提供一种思路与方法。

, correspAuthors=王江涛, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*王江涛(1967-),男,河北省承德市人,教授,主要从事海洋化学和生态学研究。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《海洋学报》编辑部 2023, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=ZjXnAmaIffifZOgcXo+MyA==, magXml=tdcEzziGS7NOEOMq2dyJFA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=GRp1x5KqQ5vqafUh9es3Lw==, pdfFileSize=3352559, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=5Kp5FIgqt4vNbOSdtVOSow==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=DIRLy//F7IscIVJtK40vMg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

林锟(1996-),男,山东省威海市人,主要从事海洋污染生态化学研究。E-mail:

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林锟(1996-),男,山东省威海市人,主要从事海洋污染生态化学研究。E-mail:

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林锟(1996-),男,山东省威海市人,主要从事海洋污染生态化学研究。E-mail:

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Competition between Ulva prolifera and three red tide microalgae under different light conditions[J]. 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**indicates significant differences relative

to the control (p<0.01)

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**表示与对照组的显著性差异(p<0.01)

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*(p<0.05) and **(p<0.01) indicate significant differences relative to the control

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*(p<0.05)和**(p<0.01)表示与对照组的显著性差异

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*(p<0.05) and **(p<0.01) indicate significant differences relative to the control

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*(p<0.05)和**(p<0.01)表示与对照组的显著性差异

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不同状态浒苔对东海原甲藻生长的影响
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林锟 1 , 杨雪 1 , 谭丽菊 1 , 王江涛 1, *
海洋学报 | 黄海绿潮发展规律与防控研究 2020,42(8): 69-75
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海洋学报 | 黄海绿潮发展规律与防控研究 2020, 42(8): 69-75
不同状态浒苔对东海原甲藻生长的影响
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林锟1 , 杨雪1, 谭丽菊1, 王江涛1, *
作者信息
  • 1 中国海洋大学 海洋化学理论与工程技术教育部重点实验室,山东 青岛 266100
  • 林锟(1996-),男,山东省威海市人,主要从事海洋污染生态化学研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*王江涛(1967-),男,河北省承德市人,教授,主要从事海洋化学和生态学研究。E-mail:
Effects of Ulva prolifera in different states on the growth of Prorocentrum donghaiense
Kun Lin1 , Xue Yang1, Liju Tan1, Jiangtao Wang1, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology of Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
出版时间: 2020-08-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.08.008
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近年来富营养化等海洋污染现象日益加重,我国近海每年都会暴发浒苔绿潮和微藻赤潮现象。本文在实验室模拟条件下,研究了不同状态不同含量的浒苔(Ulva prolifera),即浒苔新鲜藻体、浒苔培养液和浒苔干粉末与东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)共培养时产生的竞争抑制作用。结果表明,浒苔新鲜藻体、浒苔培养液和浒苔干粉末在初始质量含量大于1 g/L的条件下都会对东海原甲藻产生抑制作用,浒苔干粉末的抑制强度远远超过浒苔培养滤液和浒苔新鲜藻体。在二者共培养时,出现了“低促高抑”的现象,即浒苔含量较低时会促进东海原甲藻的生长,而高含量的浒苔则抑制东海原甲藻的生长,且抑制作用随浒苔含量的升高而增大。浒苔对东海原甲藻的这种抑制作用,一方面可能来自于营养物质的竞争和消耗,另一方面可能来自于浒苔释放的化感物质对东海原甲藻产生的影响。利用浒苔对东海原甲藻的抑制作用,可为东海原甲藻赤潮的生物防治提供一种思路与方法。

浒苔  /  东海原甲藻  /  竞争作用  /  抑制率

In recent years, green tide of Ulva prolifera and red tide of microalgae occurred frequently with increasing marine pollution such as eutrophication in Chinese coastal waters. In this paper, the competitive inhibitory effects of U. prolifera fresh algae, U. prolifera culture filtrate and U. prolifera dry powder in different contents on Prorocentrum donghaiense were studied under laboratory simulation conditions. U. prolifera fresh algae, U. prolifera culture filtrate and U. prolifera dry powder all had inhibitory effects on P. donghaiense under the condition that the initial mass content was greater than 1 g/L, and the inhibitory intensity of U. prolifera dry powder was much higher than U. prolifera culture filtrate and U. prolifera fresh algae. In the co-culture groups, the phenomenon of “low promotion and high inhibition” appeared. Low content of U. prolifera promoted the growth of P. donghaiense, and high content of U. prolifera inhibited the growth of P. donghaiense. In addition, the inhibitory effects increased with the increasing content of U. prolifera. This inhibitory effects of U. prolifera on P. donghaiense may come from the competition and consumption of nutrients. In addition, the effects may also come from the influence of allelopathic substances released by U. prolifera on P. donghaiense. The inhibitory effects of U. prolifera on P. donghaiense can provide ideas and methods for the biological control of red tide.

Ulva prolifera  /  Prorocentrum donghaiense  /  competition  /  inhibition rate
林锟, 杨雪, 谭丽菊, 王江涛. 不同状态浒苔对东海原甲藻生长的影响. 海洋学报, 2020 , 42 (8) : 69 -75 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.08.008
Kun Lin, Xue Yang, Liju Tan, Jiangtao Wang. Effects of Ulva prolifera in different states on the growth of Prorocentrum donghaiense[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2020 , 42 (8) : 69 -75 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.08.008
2008年6月,黄海我国海域暴发的浒苔(Ulva prolifera)绿潮覆盖了超过2 400 km2的水域,被认为是有史以来最大的绿潮灾害之一[1]。自此之后的10年多,在黄海海域每年都会暴发大型绿潮[2]。经过多年的研究调查表明,黄海浒苔起源于江苏沿岸紫菜养殖筏架定生绿藻的机械脱落[3-4],在表层海流的携带下,向北漂移,最终在山东半岛南部海域聚集堆积[5]。浒苔绿潮的暴发不仅阻碍海上航运,对渔业、旅游业造成重大损失,并且对海洋生态环境与海洋生物群落结构都造成巨大的影响。
浒苔是一种常见的大型藻类,属于绿藻门(Chlorophyta),绿藻纲(Chlorophyta),石莼目(Ulvales),石莼科(Ulvaceae),石莼属(Ulva)[6]。浒苔藻体直立,呈管状中空结构,光合作用过程藻体释放氧气形成气泡,易漂浮在海面[7]。该种属于广温、广盐、耐干露性强的大型海藻,有很强的环境适应能力,在适宜条件下可以大规模繁殖[8]。由于海水富营养化加剧,春、夏季水温上升,光照变强等因素促使浒苔大规模生长,常见于山东、江苏沿岸南黄海海域,可以通过与其他浮游植物的相互作用,影响绿潮发生海域的物种分布和生态结构[9]
浒苔暴发海域,富营养化严重,2017年在南黄海海域出现了罕见的绿潮、金潮和赤潮等有害藻华共发现象,其中包含链状裸甲藻(Gymnodinium catenatum)和东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)等多种甲藻[10]。作为典型的赤潮微藻之一,东海原甲藻在我国海域已经盛行多年。与其他赤潮微藻相比,东海原甲藻生长速率较高,具有垂直迁移能力,在低营养盐环境下对有机态营养物质具有较高的竞争吸收能力,进而形成东海原甲藻赤潮[11-14]。该赤潮具有生物量高、持续时间长、覆盖面积广的特点,直接影响浮游动物的群落结构,进而对生态系统造成破坏[15]。所以当前对于我国来说,寻找一种控制东海原甲藻赤潮暴发的有效方法迫在眉睫。
浒苔与微藻同处于海洋生态系统的初级生产者地位,生态位有一定的重叠,不可避免会产生资源竞争。同一海域,大型藻类的生长和暴发往往与浮游植物的生长呈现明显的负相关[16]。已有研究表明,新鲜浒苔与微藻共培养能显著抑制微藻的生长,且对不同微藻会产生不同的抑制作用。霍元子等[17]发现浒苔能产生化感物质,有效抑制米氏凯伦藻(Karenia mikimotoi)的生长;史华明和石晓勇[18]发现浒苔能抑制中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)生长,而活性磷酸盐可能是一次性培养中影响竞争的主要原因;刘青等[19]发现浒苔早期发育的微观繁殖体可抑制赤潮微藻的生长,表明这种抑制作用不仅局限在成熟的藻体阶段;浒苔干粉末在不同溶剂的提取下对赤潮微藻的抑制作用不同,浒苔产生的化感物质具有相对较高的极性[20-21]。总体来说,在大型海藻与赤潮微藻共培养体系中,大藻对微藻的抑制作用明显大于微藻对大藻的抑制作用[22]
近年来,大型绿藻对赤潮微藻的竞争作用研究越来越多[23],东海原甲藻作为中国近海常见赤潮种也备受关注,但是对于不同状态浒苔对东海原甲藻生长的影响仍没有系统化的研究。本研究通过不同状态浒苔设置不同含量梯度与东海原甲藻共培养,来具体探究浒苔对东海原甲藻生长的影响,推断浒苔对东海原甲藻产生的化感作用,为利用浒苔等大型藻类治理东海原甲藻赤潮提供可行的方向。
浒苔采自江苏盐城近海,低温保存带回实验室,用灭菌海水反复清洗3~4次,以去除泥沙和其他附生物,添加1 mg/L的GeO2溶液消除硅藻的影响[24]。镜检确认无杂藻后,在f/2培养液中培养。同时在培养液中添加0.15 mg/L抗生素(4%卡那霉素)对藻体表面进行灭菌处理[25]。1周后从培养瓶中挑选生长状况良好的浒苔藻体,用吸水纸吸干藻体表面水分进行实验。东海原甲藻由中国海洋大学海洋污染生态化学实验室提供,在f/2培养液里培养,每天定时摇晃微藻培养瓶,防止其贴壁生长,培养至指数生长期备用(初始密度为18 000 cells/mL)。
培养瓶置于恒温光照培养箱,培养温度为20℃,光照强度为4 000 lx,光暗比为12 h∶12 h(D∶L)。实验用培养瓶酸泡后洗净,高温灭菌后备用。海水采集自江苏盐城近海(盐度为29),用孔径0.45 μm的醋酸纤维滤膜过滤,高温灭菌后备用。
GXZ-500B恒温光照培养箱(宁波市江南仪器厂),DM4000B电子显微镜(德国徕卡公司),LDZX-50FBS立式压力蒸汽灭菌器(上海中安医疗器械厂),BS224S电子分析天平(德国赛多利斯集团),DHG-9240A 电热恒温鼓风干燥箱(上海精宏实验设备有限公司)。
实验设计了东海原甲藻与不同状态浒苔(新鲜藻体共培养、滤液培养、干粉末共培养)实验,探究浒苔对东海原甲藻的竞争抑制作用。
设置0 g/L、1.0 g/L、2.0 g/L、5.0 g/L、10.0 g/L、15.0 g/L 不同鲜重梯度的浒苔置于1 000 mL锥形瓶中,加入500 mL灭菌海水,加入f/2培养基。加入指数生长期的东海原甲藻,置于恒温光照培养箱中培养,每天定时摇晃锥形瓶,防止微藻贴壁生长。为消除位置对实验结果的影响,不同锥形瓶在培养箱中的分布是随机的,每隔3 h更换一次锥形瓶的位置。实验周期共8 d,每组设置两组重复试验。
将0 g/L、1.0 g/L、2.0 g/L、5.0 g/L、10.0 g/L、15.0 g/L 不同鲜重梯度的浒苔置于含500 mL灭菌海水的锥形瓶中,加入f/2培养基。培养7 d后,将浒苔捞出,培养液经0.45 μm的醋酸纤维滤膜过滤,根据所测营养盐浓度重新加富达到f/2培养基的要求,加入同指数生长期的东海原甲藻培养。培养条件和实验方法同3.1节。
将新鲜浒苔在55℃干燥箱里烘干,并用研钵研磨成粉末后过筛(0.33 mm),用电子天平称重,根据实验室培养实验测得浒苔干湿重换算系数1∶4.4,设置0 g/L、0.2 g/L、0.4 g/L、0.6 g/L、1.2 g/L、2.4 g/L 不同干重梯度,加入到含500 mL灭菌海水的锥形瓶中,加入f/2培养基与同指数生长期东海原甲藻共培养。培养条件和实验方法同3.1节。
在每天同一时间从培养瓶中取东海原甲藻藻液2 mL并用Lugol's的试剂固定,藻细胞密度用浮游生物计数框在显微镜下计数,每个样品计数两次。生长抑制率计算方法为I = (1−N/N0) ×100%[26],式中,N为实验组微藻细胞密度,N0为对照组细胞密度。
各实验组组间实验数据差异用SPSS 23进行单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA) 统计分析,比较不同状态、不同含量浒苔对微藻生长抑制率的差异。p < 0.05作为显著性差异的标准[27]
图1可发现,在浒苔和东海原甲藻共培养体系中,高含量(大于1 g/L)浒苔新鲜藻体明显抑制东海原甲藻的生长,且抑制效果随浒苔鲜重的增加而增加。实验前期(0~3 d),6组东海原甲藻的生长状况相似。在不含浒苔的空白对照组里,东海原甲藻细胞密度呈持续上升的趋势。在含有1 g/L浒苔的共培养体系中,东海原甲藻的细胞密度与空白组没有明显差别(one-way ANOVA,p>0.05)。2 g/L、5 g/L、10 g/L、15 g/L实验组第5天与第8天的细胞密度差别很小,表明东海原甲藻的生长受浒苔的影响,提前到达稳定生长期。2 g/L和5 g/L新鲜浒苔添加组分别在第8天和第5天后出现与对照组有差异的藻细胞密度,含有10 g/L和15 g/L浒苔添加组在第3天的藻细胞密度就明显小于对照组,之后的生长速率也比其他组更缓慢。在第8天,测得各浒苔鲜重下对东海原甲藻的抑制率分别为1.3%、20.1%、21.1%、32.2%、40.1%(图2)。可见,浒苔新鲜藻体和东海原甲藻共培养时,浒苔添加质量越大对东海原甲藻的抑制作用越强,且抑制现象越提前出现。
高含量(大于1 g/L)浒苔培养滤液对东海原甲藻生长有明显的抑制作用。从图3中可知,浒苔滤液对东海原甲藻的抑制效果随滤液初始浒苔含量增加而增加。添加含有1 g/L浒苔培养滤液中的东海原甲藻细胞密度与空白对照组相似,在此滤液含量下东海原甲藻的生长受到的抑制作用很小。但1 g/L浒苔滤液添加组中的东海原甲藻藻密度在第4天明显高于对照组藻密度(p<0.05),说明微藻生长受到一定的促进作用。除了1 g/L浒苔滤液添加组,其他组均呈现对东海原甲藻较大的抑制作用,在实验后期微藻细胞密度下降明显,出现致死效应。根据图4可直接观察到实验末期对照组中东海原甲藻呈现出浅棕黄色,而15 g/L浒苔滤液培养实验组中溶液已变得澄清,在显微镜下观察微藻数量较低。实验第8天,各含量浒苔滤液培养对东海原甲藻的抑制率(图5)分别为2.4%、17.1%、19.5%、26.8%、80.5%,可见随着浒苔新鲜藻体质量增大,其培养滤液对东海原甲藻抑制率也逐渐增大。
图6中可发现,浒苔干粉末对东海原甲藻生长有抑制作用,且抑制效果随干粉末的含量增加而越发明显。未添加干粉末的空白对照组里东海原甲藻细胞密度呈现稳定上升的趋势,添加0.2 g/L浒苔干粉末实验组实验前期(0~4 d)东海原甲藻藻密度与空白对照组差别不大,东海原甲藻的生长没有受到明显的抑制作用;在第5天,东海原甲藻藻密度明显超过对照组(p<0.05),但在6天之后出现了轻微的抑制作用。在其他含量下东海原甲藻的生长都有受到明显的抑制作用,生长速率明显低于空白组,而且细胞密度开始下降的时间随培养瓶内浒苔干粉末含量的增加而提前。含有1.2 g/L和2.4 g/L浒苔干粉末的东海原甲藻没有继续生长繁殖,细胞密度逐渐降低,最后数量接近为0,在光学显微镜下观察到后期的细胞形态往往没有前期的清晰,破碎较多。在第8天,不同含量浒苔干粉末对东海原甲藻的抑制率(图7)分别为15.5%、57.8%、76.5%、97.7%、99.7%,可见浒苔干粉末对东海原甲藻有较强的抑制作用,且随着浒苔干粉末的增加抑制作用逐渐增大。
研究表明,浒苔作为一种大型藻类对赤潮微藻的生长有一定的竞争抑制作用[28],这种抑制作用可能来源于对氮、磷等营养物质的资源竞争,另一方面可能来自大型藻类释放的化感物质,进而影响微藻的生长[29]
通过采用不同状态的浒苔探究其对东海原甲藻生长的竞争作用,发现浒苔作为一种大型藻类对东海原甲藻生长产生了一定的抑制作用。随浒苔的状态、含量不同表现出不同的抑制性,极低含量的浒苔抑制率相对较低,甚至在中间生长过程中,藻密度超过了对照组,说明可能存在一定的“低促高抑”现象[20,30]。低含量的浒苔,一定程度上会促进东海原甲藻的生长,而较高含量的浒苔则出现抑制作用,且随着浒苔含量的逐渐增加,对东海原甲藻的抑制作用也越来越强。以往的研究也表明,大型藻类对赤潮微藻存在“低促高抑”的影响,并且对于不同的生物种、属存在特异性[21,31-32]
对比3组培养体系,不同状态浒苔对东海原甲藻生长速率的限制表现为浒苔干粉末共培养远远大于浒苔滤液培养和浒苔新鲜藻体共培养。相比浒苔滤液培养和浒苔新鲜藻体共培养,浒苔干粉末以极低的含量便可对东海原甲藻的生长起到极大的抑制作用,在含量超过1 g/L时,直接影响东海原甲藻藻密度,使其出现负增长的状态,最终死亡。根据浒苔干湿比1∶4.4来换算,0.2 g的浒苔干粉末大约需要0.88 g的新鲜浒苔干燥研磨得到。0.2 g/L的浒苔干粉末抑制率远远超过1 g/L的新鲜浒苔共培养时的抑制率,0.4 g/L浒苔干粉末抑制率也大于2 g/L浒苔新鲜藻体共培养时的抑制率;可以认为浒苔干粉末对东海原甲藻的抑制作用远远超过等比例浒苔新鲜藻体对东海原甲藻的抑制作用。侯俊妮[33]推测浒苔干粉末对微藻的高抑制作用是由于浒苔干粉末中的化感物质是一次性脉冲式的添加。且观察到实验组的微藻细胞形状发生很大变化,胀大破裂,可能由于浒苔释放的一些化感物质,破坏了微藻的细胞结构,造成通透性降低,使微藻裂解死亡[33]。因此可以利用浒苔产生的化感物质即浒苔生物抗藻剂来控制微藻暴发,防治赤潮[34]
相比而言,浒苔新鲜藻体共培养和浒苔滤液培养在低于10 g/L的含量范围内对东海原甲藻的抑制率相似,但浒苔滤液培养在15 g/L的含量条件下,东海原甲藻所受的抑制作用迅速增大,抑制率高达87.1%。3种状态的浒苔都对东海原甲藻表现出不同的抑制作用,并且浒苔滤液培养和浒苔干粉末共培养后期出现负增长的趋势。一方面是由于浒苔或滤液存在化感物质影响微藻的生长,另一方面则由于连续培养,二者之间产生营养竞争[35],从而阻碍微藻的生长。此外,浒苔新鲜藻体共培养实验组可能存在一定的遮光效应,浒苔漂浮在海水表层,影响东海原甲藻的生长,且含量越大遮蔽作用越强。本研究认为利用浒苔干粉末产生的化感效应,可以高效地抑制东海原甲藻的生长,为东海原甲藻赤潮的生物防治提供依据。
不同状态的浒苔在初始含量大于1 g/L的条件下对东海原甲藻的生长都存在抑制作用,浒苔干粉末共培养体系的抑制强度远远大于浒苔滤液培养和浒苔新鲜藻体共培养体系。其抑制机理一方面来自于营养物质的竞争,另一方面则来源于浒苔释放化感物质对东海原甲藻存在一定克生作用,从而限制了东海原甲藻的生长。当然也存在一定的“低促高抑”的现象,低含量浒苔共培养前期会在一定程度上促进东海原甲藻生长,随着浒苔含量升高,逐渐出现抑制现象,且抑制作用越来越强。
  • 国家自然科学基金(41876078);国家重点研发计划(2016YFC1402101);中央高校基本科研业务费资助(201713059)。
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2020年第42卷第8期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.08.008
  • 接收时间:2019-09-30
  • 首发时间:2026-03-26
  • 出版时间:2020-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2019-09-30
  • 修回日期:2020-05-13
基金
国家自然科学基金(41876078);国家重点研发计划(2016YFC1402101);中央高校基本科研业务费资助(201713059)。
作者信息
    1 中国海洋大学 海洋化学理论与工程技术教育部重点实验室,山东 青岛 266100

通讯作者:

*王江涛(1967-),男,河北省承德市人,教授,主要从事海洋化学和生态学研究。E-mail:
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/CN/10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.08.008
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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