Article(id=1243955386856878607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1243955381739827662, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.08.005, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1585584000000, receivedDateStr=2020-03-31, revisedDate=1591027200000, revisedDateStr=2020-06-02, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774511675799, onlineDateStr=2026-03-26, pubDate=1598284800000, pubDateStr=2020-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774511675799, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774511675799, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774511675799, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1243955381739827662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2020', volume='42', issue='8', pageStart='1', pageEnd='126', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774511674580, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774511674580, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null}, startPage=40, endPage=49, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1243955388299719200, articleId=1243955386856878607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=The development of Ulva prolifera green tide and the roles of nitrogen nutrients in it in the southern Yellow Sea in 2018, columnId=1243955384222855631, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Progress on the development and prevention of Yellow Sea green tide, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Based on the daily satellite monitoring data of floating green tides, and the nitrogen nutrients and hydrological environment parameters were collected in spring (April, before green tides) and summer (July, later stage of green tides) cruises in the southern Yellow Sea (SYS) in 2018, we studied the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of the green tides, and the role of nitrogen nutrients in it. The results showed that the small U. prolifera patches were firstly observed in shallow waters off Nantong, Jiangsu Province on April 25, then floated northward and reached its maximum scale on the June 29, followed by decomposition and disappearance in the coast of Shandong Peninsula in the mid-August. The trajectory area of floating green tides was mainly located in the western of 122°E in the SYS, and showed two distinguishable development phases, the rapid growth phase in the south of 35°N, nearshore area of Jiangsu, and the decline phase in the north of 35°N, offshore area of Shandong Peninsula. The nitrogen nutrient components showed regional and seasonal variations, influenced by the freshwater influx, cold water masses, biological activity and other factors. The effects of nitrogen components were different in different development phases of green tides. The rich nitrogen nutrients from a variety of sources (total dissdved nitrogen (TDN) >20 μmol/L and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) >20 μmol/L) provided sufficient nitrogen for the development of green tides in the dominated form of DIN, and contributed to the fast reproduction and growth of U. prolifera in the rapid growth phase. While the U. prolifera showed a higher affinity for DON in the decline phase area, the urea-N become main nitrogen source for the development of green tides because of the poor bioavailable nitrogen content (DIN<2 μmol/L and urea-N<1.5 μmol/L) condition, which would limit the continuous growth of U. prolifera.

, correspAuthors=Rongguo Su, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Haiyang Xuebao, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Haibo Zhang, Shuang Wang, Hang Yin, Zhenxia Sha, Xiaoyong Shi, Rongguo Su, Shaofeng Pei, Guoshan Wang, Yinping Ma), CN=ArticleExt(id=1243955389625119324, articleId=1243955386856878607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=2018年南黄海浒苔绿潮发展规律及氮组分的作用探究, columnId=1243955384352879058, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=黄海绿潮发展规律与防控研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

根据2018年南黄海漂浮态浒苔(Ulva prolifera)绿潮规模卫星监测数据以及春、夏季(4月和7月,绿潮前后)水文环境要素和氮营养盐等数据,对2018年绿潮发展规律及不同氮组分在其中的作用进行分析。结果表明:浒苔于4月25日在江苏南通近海首次发现,随后其向北漂移增殖扩展在6月29日达到最大规模,8月中旬消失。绿潮漂移区域集中在122°E以西近海并呈现两个明显的发展阶段:35°N以南江苏近海绿潮快速增殖阶段和35°N以北山东半岛外海域绿潮聚积衰退阶段。各氮营养盐组分受径流输入、冷水团以及生物活动等因素影响,呈现明显的区域和季节特征。不同绿潮阶段受氮营养盐影响不同,绿潮快速增殖阶段,丰富的氮营养盐(总溶解氮(TDN)>20 μmol/L和溶解无机氮(DIN)>20 μmol/L)是浒苔藻快速繁殖生长的物质基础,此阶段为整个绿潮发展提供了主要的氮支撑且以DIN为主要形态。绿潮聚积衰退阶段,较低的可利用氮(DIN<2 μmol/L和尿素(urea-N)<1.5 μmol/L)不利于浒苔藻持续繁殖生长,此阶段内有机氮(如urea-N)在绿潮后期的氮支撑中起到重要作用。

, correspAuthors=苏荣国, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*苏荣国,男,教授,主要从事海洋环境化学过程及风险评估研究,浮游藻荧光分类技术研究。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《海洋学报》编辑部 2023, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=UyZi7ZOExW1zPka758wUYQ==, magXml=2QuyQuE4cJdNnH7arQsN4w==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=IV+RYZ7qRJAYN53idux8aA==, pdfFileSize=3052202, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=3+0hM/NHn7IxsVtO4O2cJg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=8DyM+q02xdW6hhcw3FDX3A==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

张海波(1990—),男,山东省枣庄市人,博士,主要从事海洋富营养化、近海生态环境演变研究。E-mail:

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张海波(1990—),男,山东省枣庄市人,博士,主要从事海洋富营养化、近海生态环境演变研究。E-mail:

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张海波(1990—),男,山东省枣庄市人,博士,主要从事海洋富营养化、近海生态环境演变研究。E-mail:

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Analysis of the relationship between the typical annual runoff of coastal culvert and the scour and silt of sluice gate[J]. Jiangsu Water Resources, 2015, (12): 27−29, 31., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246537874955460914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955386856878607, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=43, rfOrder=60, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Collier J L, Baker K M, Bell S L. Diversity of urea-degrading microorganisms in open-ocean and estuarine planktonic communities[J]. Environmental Microbiology, 2009, 11(12): 3118−3131., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246537875030958388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955386856878607, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=44, rfOrder=61, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Solomon C M, Collier J L, Berg G M, et al. Role of urea in microbial metabolism in aquatic systems: a biochemical and molecular review[J]. Aquatic Microbial Ecology, 2010, 59(1): 67−88., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246537875119038774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955386856878607, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=45, rfOrder=62, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Changyou, Su Rongguo, Guo Laodong, et al. Nutrient absorption by Ulva prolifera and the growth mechanism leading to green-tides[J]. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2019, 227: 106329., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246537875190341944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955386856878607, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=46, rfOrder=63, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黄凯旋, 张云, 欧林坚, 等. 海南岛南北近岸海湾浮游生物对尿素的生物可利用性比较研究[J]. 海洋科学, 2014, 38(10): 76−82., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1246537875257450809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955386856878607, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=46, rfOrder=64, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Huang Kaixuan, Zhang Yun, Ou Linjian, et al. Comparative study on urea bioavailability by plankton in the southern and northern coastal waters of Hainan Island[J]. Marine Sciences, 2014, 38(10): 76−82., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1246537866965311613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955386856878607, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划(2016YFC1402101);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(201961011);国家海洋局海洋减灾中心科研项目(2014AA060);国家自然科学基金(41306175)。, fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1246537859704972111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955386856878607, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1246537859713360720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955386856878607, companyId=1246537859704972111, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1246537859721749329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955386856878607, companyId=1246537859704972111, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 中国海洋大学 化学化工学院,山东 青岛 266100)]), AuthorCompany(id=1246537859847578455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955386856878607, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1246537859855967064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955386856878607, companyId=1246537859847578455, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, State University of New York, New York 11790, USA), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1246537859864355673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955386856878607, companyId=1246537859847578455, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 纽约州立大学石溪分校 海洋与大气学院,纽约 11790)]), AuthorCompany(id=1246537859939853152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955386856878607, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1246537859960824675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955386856878607, companyId=1246537859939853152, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1246537859969213284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955386856878607, companyId=1246537859939853152, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 青岛大学 生命科学学院,山东 青岛 266071)]), AuthorCompany(id=1246537860032127847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955386856878607, xref=4, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1246537860040516456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955386856878607, companyId=1246537860032127847, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4 National Marine Hazard Mitigation Service, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100194, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1246537860044710762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955386856878607, companyId=1246537860032127847, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4 自然资源部海洋减灾中心,北京 100194)]), AuthorCompany(id=1246537860141179764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955386856878607, xref=5, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1246537860145374067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955386856878607, companyId=1246537860141179764, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5 Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Biogeosciences, China Geological Survey, Qingdao 266071, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1246537860153762677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955386856878607, companyId=1246537860141179764, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5 中国地质调查局 滨海湿地生物地质重点实验室,山东 青岛 266071)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1246537865228869700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955386856878607, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=The current system (a) and sampling stations (b, c) in the study area of the southern Yellow Sea

1. Lubei Coastal Current; 2. Yellow Sea Coastal Current and Subei Coastal Current; 3. Changjiang Diluted Water and Taiwan Warm Current; 4. Yellow Sea Warm Current;5. Qingdao Cold Water Mass (spring);6. Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass (summer, autumn); A. Subei Coastal Diluted Water

, figureFileSmall=E+FcY2cJonRCGjSCW2Kjog==, figureFileBig=kN+PwQwhBFFJT8hRfNZgtQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246537865312755783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955386856878607, language=CN, label=图1, caption=南黄海研究区域洋流系统(a)及站位设置(b, c)

1. 鲁北沿岸流;2. 黄海沿岸流和苏北沿岸流;3. 长江冲淡水−台湾暖流;4. 黄海暖流;5. 青岛冷水团(春季);6. 黄海冷水团(夏季、秋季);A. 苏北沿岸径流

, figureFileSmall=E+FcY2cJonRCGjSCW2Kjog==, figureFileBig=kN+PwQwhBFFJT8hRfNZgtQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246537865463750732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955386856878607, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=The development of floating U. prolifera green tide in the southern Yellow Sea in 2018, figureFileSmall=6pOdergG75c8WbF2s3g63w==, figureFileBig=JWGQGdpdOsXXDFQXLLP+gA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246537865535053904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955386856878607, language=CN, label=图2, caption=2018年南黄海漂浮浒苔绿潮发展变化特征, figureFileSmall=6pOdergG75c8WbF2s3g63w==, figureFileBig=JWGQGdpdOsXXDFQXLLP+gA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246537865627328593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955386856878607, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Horizontal distributions of nitrogen nutrients in the southern Yellow Sea in spring (April 2018, before green tides), figureFileSmall=pQ79OnUUmBFif2dJL6VYFQ==, figureFileBig=31biwVL5aMkCi74rW9q1SA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246537865740574804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955386856878607, language=CN, label=图3, caption=春季(2018年4月绿潮暴发前)南黄海不同氮营养盐组分的分布特征, figureFileSmall=pQ79OnUUmBFif2dJL6VYFQ==, figureFileBig=31biwVL5aMkCi74rW9q1SA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246537865866403926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955386856878607, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=The seasonal variations of nitrogen nutrients in the study area of the southern Yellow Sea in spring and summer 2018

The percentages represent single composition vs. TDN

, figureFileSmall=AO7IdeTpLDN11Ex1/wZngQ==, figureFileBig=1loy0W3edeHr8ohFpFUGcA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246537865975455835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955386856878607, language=CN, label=图4, caption=2018年南黄海调查区域春、夏季氮营养盐结构特征

百分数表示占TDN的百分比

, figureFileSmall=AO7IdeTpLDN11Ex1/wZngQ==, figureFileBig=1loy0W3edeHr8ohFpFUGcA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246537866076119136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955386856878607, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=The monthly variations of urea-N in main rivers estuaries along Jiangsu coast from 2017 to 2018, figureFileSmall=6VKnnjnGtqrCbmeVWahrPA==, figureFileBig=vC3I9NDFsXNQ7XT1vXw9gQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246537866160005217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955386856878607, language=CN, label=图5, caption=2017−2018年江苏近岸主要入海径流尿素含量逐月变化, figureFileSmall=6VKnnjnGtqrCbmeVWahrPA==, figureFileBig=vC3I9NDFsXNQ7XT1vXw9gQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246537866260668517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955386856878607, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Horizontal distributions of nitrogen nutrients in the southern Yellow Sea in summer (July 2018, later of green tides), figureFileSmall=QPEwxZd1rrcBZoPE/+/Ecg==, figureFileBig=5yDMNfY7uEXqp1YILf3+Ng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246537866352943206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955386856878607, language=CN, label=图6, caption=夏季(2018年7月绿潮后期)南黄海不同氮营养盐组分的分布特征, figureFileSmall=QPEwxZd1rrcBZoPE/+/Ecg==, figureFileBig=5yDMNfY7uEXqp1YILf3+Ng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246537866453606506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955386856878607, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The variations of nitrogen nutrients in the different phases of green tides in the surface layer of the study area

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
浒苔漂移海域(122°E以西)非浒苔漂移海域
122°E以西35°N以南快速增殖区
(36 000 km2)
35°N以北聚积衰退区
(24 000 km2)
122°E以东
2018年4月2018年7月2018年4月2018年7月2018年4月2018年7月2018年4月2018年7月
样品量/ind.33332524892729
T/℃11.80±3.3023.84±1.0913.34±1.9923.63±1.037.00±1.1024.41±1.099.58±1.5226.28±1.34
S31.03±1.3930.28±1.1930.61±1.3530.01±1.2632.34±0.0731.00±0.4832.56±0.4831.00±1.37
TSP/mg·L−1125.04±100.1260.66±41.23159.28±91.2482.71±30.8418.03±2.3114.13±2.5438.44±38.4918.08±13.89
${\rm {NO}}_3^- $-N/μmol·L−114.52±14.198.46±7.3818.98±13.5111.25±6.750.59±1.111.01±1.115.37±3.993.72±5.18
${\rm {NO}}_2^- $-N/μmol·L−10.15±0.090.38±0.270.18±0.080.46±0.250.04±0.030.17±0.210.13±0.090.38±0.42
${\rm {NH}}_4^+ $-N/μmol·L−11.05±0.641.43±0.971.00±0.691.72±0.971.20±0.460.67±0.390.79±0.411.05±1.11
DIN/μmol·L−115.72±14.2310.27±7.7820.16±13.6013.43±6.741.83±1.151.83±1.246.28±3.945.12±6.38
DON/μmol·L−15.73±2.427.17±2.575.32±2.357.57±2.856.96±2.356.08±1.105.47±1.924.93±1.86
TDN/μmol·L−121.85±13.8117.48±8.6726.21±13.2321.07±7.378.79±3.067.91±1.7011.75±4.4410.05±6.63
urea-N/μmol·L−10.97±0.591.24±0.600.81±0.541.52±0.411.47±0.450.63±0.481.25±0.780.86±0.75
), ArticleFig(id=1246537866533298286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955386856878607, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

调查海域浒苔暴发前后浒苔漂移区域与非浒苔区域表层营养盐浓度变化

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
浒苔漂移海域(122°E以西)非浒苔漂移海域
122°E以西35°N以南快速增殖区
(36 000 km2)
35°N以北聚积衰退区
(24 000 km2)
122°E以东
2018年4月2018年7月2018年4月2018年7月2018年4月2018年7月2018年4月2018年7月
样品量/ind.33332524892729
T/℃11.80±3.3023.84±1.0913.34±1.9923.63±1.037.00±1.1024.41±1.099.58±1.5226.28±1.34
S31.03±1.3930.28±1.1930.61±1.3530.01±1.2632.34±0.0731.00±0.4832.56±0.4831.00±1.37
TSP/mg·L−1125.04±100.1260.66±41.23159.28±91.2482.71±30.8418.03±2.3114.13±2.5438.44±38.4918.08±13.89
${\rm {NO}}_3^- $-N/μmol·L−114.52±14.198.46±7.3818.98±13.5111.25±6.750.59±1.111.01±1.115.37±3.993.72±5.18
${\rm {NO}}_2^- $-N/μmol·L−10.15±0.090.38±0.270.18±0.080.46±0.250.04±0.030.17±0.210.13±0.090.38±0.42
${\rm {NH}}_4^+ $-N/μmol·L−11.05±0.641.43±0.971.00±0.691.72±0.971.20±0.460.67±0.390.79±0.411.05±1.11
DIN/μmol·L−115.72±14.2310.27±7.7820.16±13.6013.43±6.741.83±1.151.83±1.246.28±3.945.12±6.38
DON/μmol·L−15.73±2.427.17±2.575.32±2.357.57±2.856.96±2.356.08±1.105.47±1.924.93±1.86
TDN/μmol·L−121.85±13.8117.48±8.6726.21±13.2321.07±7.378.79±3.067.91±1.7011.75±4.4410.05±6.63
urea-N/μmol·L−10.97±0.591.24±0.600.81±0.541.52±0.411.47±0.450.63±0.481.25±0.780.86±0.75
), ArticleFig(id=1246537866621378672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955386856878607, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Salinity, temperature and nitrogen nutrients in the study area of the southern Yellow Sea during spring and summer cruises

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
2018年4月
整体表层中层底层沿岸水冷水团黄海暖流
  注:−表示无数据。
特征S<30T<6.98S>33
样品量/个59595981917
T/℃9.21±2.6010.77±2.878.06±1.517.96±1.5814.11±1.205.64±0.929.38±1.11
S32.19±1.0431.71±1.3332.55±0.4432.6±0.5029.12±0.9032.36±0.0833.28±0.25
TSP/mg·L−170.42±85.1485.14±89.7851.87±74.1970.46±90.06106.75±17.1217.99±2.5432.15±27.61
${\rm {NO}}_3^- $-N/μmol·L−17.61±8.7510.48±11.84.72±3.715.75±3.9433.77±10.591.16±1.185.91±1.41
${\rm {NO}}_2^- $-N/μmol·L−10.14±0.100.14±0.090.15±0.100.15±0.110.20±0.040.07±0.050.22±0.11
${\rm {NH}}_4^+ $-N/μmol·L−11.11±0.660.94±0.561.19±0.731.30±0.691.18±1.001.65±0.500.70±0.34
DIN/μmol·L−18.86±8.7111.56±11.886.06±3.577.21±3.7935.15±10.582.89±1.356.83±1.45
DON/μmol·L−15.30±2.305.62±2.205.08±1.915.30±2.724.44±1.347.20±2.274.16±1.20
TDN/μmol·L−114.16±8.8317.33±11.7517.52±11.5618.48±11.3641.27±10.889.86±2.5410.99±1.75
urea-N/μmol·L−11.28±0.721.11±0.691.40±0.791.42±0.660.74±0.451.99±0.591.18±0.62
2018年7月
整体表层真光层中层底层沿岸水冷水团
特征S<30T<14
样品量/个613539611543
T/℃20.20±6.8525.00±1.7323.69±3.3516.32±6.2914.23±6.9824.79±1.649.84±1.72
S31.63±1.2630.6±1.3231.69±0.6532.44±0.6132.47±0.5528.66±0.8232.7±0.24
TSP/mg·L−127.46±24.9938.56±37.1319.76±8.8819.88±8.2325.32±12.5370.98±47.0719.39±4.15
${\rm {NO}}_3^- $-N/μmol·L−14.85±5.296.18±6.873.02±3.933.88±3.865.67±3.6215.18±6.034.37±3.08
${\rm {NO}}_2^- $-N/μmol·L−10.39±0.470.37±0.340.51±0.620.46±0.570.46±0.540.45±0.320.13±0.15
${\rm {NH}}_4^+ $-N/μmol·L−10.87±0.821.25±1.050.75±0.540.61±0.480.66±0.571.82±1.410.50±0.46
DIN/μmol·L−16.09±5.927.79±7.604.23±4.754.95±4.476.78±3.9417.45±6.325.00±2.93
DON/μmol·L−14.83±2.496.12±2.534.68±2.223.96±2.293.55±1.946.38±2.454.00±2.06
TDN/μmol·L−110.93±6.2713.93±8.638.91±3.468.91±3.2310.33±3.2523.83±7.829.00±2.33
urea-N/μmol·L−10.84±0.571.05±0.700.73±0.410.77±0.431.05±0.741.57±0.860.77±0.54
), ArticleFig(id=1246537866717847667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955386856878607, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

调查海域春、夏季温度、盐度,以及氮营养盐组分浓度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
2018年4月
整体表层中层底层沿岸水冷水团黄海暖流
  注:−表示无数据。
特征S<30T<6.98S>33
样品量/个59595981917
T/℃9.21±2.6010.77±2.878.06±1.517.96±1.5814.11±1.205.64±0.929.38±1.11
S32.19±1.0431.71±1.3332.55±0.4432.6±0.5029.12±0.9032.36±0.0833.28±0.25
TSP/mg·L−170.42±85.1485.14±89.7851.87±74.1970.46±90.06106.75±17.1217.99±2.5432.15±27.61
${\rm {NO}}_3^- $-N/μmol·L−17.61±8.7510.48±11.84.72±3.715.75±3.9433.77±10.591.16±1.185.91±1.41
${\rm {NO}}_2^- $-N/μmol·L−10.14±0.100.14±0.090.15±0.100.15±0.110.20±0.040.07±0.050.22±0.11
${\rm {NH}}_4^+ $-N/μmol·L−11.11±0.660.94±0.561.19±0.731.30±0.691.18±1.001.65±0.500.70±0.34
DIN/μmol·L−18.86±8.7111.56±11.886.06±3.577.21±3.7935.15±10.582.89±1.356.83±1.45
DON/μmol·L−15.30±2.305.62±2.205.08±1.915.30±2.724.44±1.347.20±2.274.16±1.20
TDN/μmol·L−114.16±8.8317.33±11.7517.52±11.5618.48±11.3641.27±10.889.86±2.5410.99±1.75
urea-N/μmol·L−11.28±0.721.11±0.691.40±0.791.42±0.660.74±0.451.99±0.591.18±0.62
2018年7月
整体表层真光层中层底层沿岸水冷水团
特征S<30T<14
样品量/个613539611543
T/℃20.20±6.8525.00±1.7323.69±3.3516.32±6.2914.23±6.9824.79±1.649.84±1.72
S31.63±1.2630.6±1.3231.69±0.6532.44±0.6132.47±0.5528.66±0.8232.7±0.24
TSP/mg·L−127.46±24.9938.56±37.1319.76±8.8819.88±8.2325.32±12.5370.98±47.0719.39±4.15
${\rm {NO}}_3^- $-N/μmol·L−14.85±5.296.18±6.873.02±3.933.88±3.865.67±3.6215.18±6.034.37±3.08
${\rm {NO}}_2^- $-N/μmol·L−10.39±0.470.37±0.340.51±0.620.46±0.570.46±0.540.45±0.320.13±0.15
${\rm {NH}}_4^+ $-N/μmol·L−10.87±0.821.25±1.050.75±0.540.61±0.480.66±0.571.82±1.410.50±0.46
DIN/μmol·L−16.09±5.927.79±7.604.23±4.754.95±4.476.78±3.9417.45±6.325.00±2.93
DON/μmol·L−14.83±2.496.12±2.534.68±2.223.96±2.293.55±1.946.38±2.454.00±2.06
TDN/μmol·L−110.93±6.2713.93±8.638.91±3.468.91±3.2310.33±3.2523.83±7.829.00±2.33
urea-N/μmol·L−10.84±0.571.05±0.700.73±0.410.77±0.431.05±0.741.57±0.860.77±0.54
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2018年南黄海浒苔绿潮发展规律及氮组分的作用探究
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张海波 1 , 王爽 1 , 尹航 2 , 沙珍霞 3 , 石晓勇 1, 4 , 苏荣国 1, * , 裴绍峰 5 , 王国善 3 , 麻银萍 1
海洋学报 | 黄海绿潮发展规律与防控研究 2020,42(8): 40-49
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海洋学报 | 黄海绿潮发展规律与防控研究 2020, 42(8): 40-49
2018年南黄海浒苔绿潮发展规律及氮组分的作用探究
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张海波1 , 王爽1, 尹航2, 沙珍霞3, 石晓勇1, 4, 苏荣国1, * , 裴绍峰5, 王国善3, 麻银萍1
作者信息
  • 1 中国海洋大学 化学化工学院,山东 青岛 266100
  • 2 纽约州立大学石溪分校 海洋与大气学院,纽约 11790
  • 3 青岛大学 生命科学学院,山东 青岛 266071
  • 4 自然资源部海洋减灾中心,北京 100194
  • 5 中国地质调查局 滨海湿地生物地质重点实验室,山东 青岛 266071
  • 张海波(1990—),男,山东省枣庄市人,博士,主要从事海洋富营养化、近海生态环境演变研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*苏荣国,男,教授,主要从事海洋环境化学过程及风险评估研究,浮游藻荧光分类技术研究。E-mail:
The development of Ulva prolifera green tide and the roles of nitrogen nutrients in it in the southern Yellow Sea in 2018
Haibo Zhang1 , Shuang Wang1, Hang Yin2, Zhenxia Sha3, Xiaoyong Shi1, 4, Rongguo Su1, * , Shaofeng Pei5, Guoshan Wang3, Yinping Ma1
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
  • 2 School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, State University of New York, New York 11790, USA
  • 3 College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
  • 4 National Marine Hazard Mitigation Service, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100194, China
  • 5 Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Biogeosciences, China Geological Survey, Qingdao 266071, China
出版时间: 2020-08-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.08.005
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根据2018年南黄海漂浮态浒苔(Ulva prolifera)绿潮规模卫星监测数据以及春、夏季(4月和7月,绿潮前后)水文环境要素和氮营养盐等数据,对2018年绿潮发展规律及不同氮组分在其中的作用进行分析。结果表明:浒苔于4月25日在江苏南通近海首次发现,随后其向北漂移增殖扩展在6月29日达到最大规模,8月中旬消失。绿潮漂移区域集中在122°E以西近海并呈现两个明显的发展阶段:35°N以南江苏近海绿潮快速增殖阶段和35°N以北山东半岛外海域绿潮聚积衰退阶段。各氮营养盐组分受径流输入、冷水团以及生物活动等因素影响,呈现明显的区域和季节特征。不同绿潮阶段受氮营养盐影响不同,绿潮快速增殖阶段,丰富的氮营养盐(总溶解氮(TDN)>20 μmol/L和溶解无机氮(DIN)>20 μmol/L)是浒苔藻快速繁殖生长的物质基础,此阶段为整个绿潮发展提供了主要的氮支撑且以DIN为主要形态。绿潮聚积衰退阶段,较低的可利用氮(DIN<2 μmol/L和尿素(urea-N)<1.5 μmol/L)不利于浒苔藻持续繁殖生长,此阶段内有机氮(如urea-N)在绿潮后期的氮支撑中起到重要作用。

绿潮  /  发展阶段  /  氮来源  /  尿素  /  南黄海  /  浒苔

Based on the daily satellite monitoring data of floating green tides, and the nitrogen nutrients and hydrological environment parameters were collected in spring (April, before green tides) and summer (July, later stage of green tides) cruises in the southern Yellow Sea (SYS) in 2018, we studied the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of the green tides, and the role of nitrogen nutrients in it. The results showed that the small U. prolifera patches were firstly observed in shallow waters off Nantong, Jiangsu Province on April 25, then floated northward and reached its maximum scale on the June 29, followed by decomposition and disappearance in the coast of Shandong Peninsula in the mid-August. The trajectory area of floating green tides was mainly located in the western of 122°E in the SYS, and showed two distinguishable development phases, the rapid growth phase in the south of 35°N, nearshore area of Jiangsu, and the decline phase in the north of 35°N, offshore area of Shandong Peninsula. The nitrogen nutrient components showed regional and seasonal variations, influenced by the freshwater influx, cold water masses, biological activity and other factors. The effects of nitrogen components were different in different development phases of green tides. The rich nitrogen nutrients from a variety of sources (total dissdved nitrogen (TDN) >20 μmol/L and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) >20 μmol/L) provided sufficient nitrogen for the development of green tides in the dominated form of DIN, and contributed to the fast reproduction and growth of U. prolifera in the rapid growth phase. While the U. prolifera showed a higher affinity for DON in the decline phase area, the urea-N become main nitrogen source for the development of green tides because of the poor bioavailable nitrogen content (DIN<2 μmol/L and urea-N<1.5 μmol/L) condition, which would limit the continuous growth of U. prolifera.

green tides  /  development phases  /  nitrogen sources  /  urea-N  /  southern Yellow Sea  /  Ulva prolifera
张海波, 王爽, 尹航, 沙珍霞, 石晓勇, 苏荣国, 裴绍峰, 王国善, 麻银萍. 2018年南黄海浒苔绿潮发展规律及氮组分的作用探究. 海洋学报, 2020 , 42 (8) : 40 -49 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.08.005
Haibo Zhang, Shuang Wang, Hang Yin, Zhenxia Sha, Xiaoyong Shi, Rongguo Su, Shaofeng Pei, Guoshan Wang, Yinping Ma. The development of Ulva prolifera green tide and the roles of nitrogen nutrients in it in the southern Yellow Sea in 2018[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2020 , 42 (8) : 40 -49 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.08.005
绿潮是一种大型绿藻聚积暴发生长,在世界范围内频发的海洋生态灾害现象,主要发生在河口、海湾及近海海域,由石莼属(Ulva)、浒苔属(Enteromorpha)、刚毛藻属(Chaetomorpha)和硬毛藻属(Cladophora)等大型绿藻引起[1-2]。大规模的绿潮会通过消耗营养盐、占据海床或海表等生存空间产生种间竞争,进而影响生物群落结构和生物多样性。绿潮暴发不仅跟绿潮藻自身生长速度快、适应性强等特点有关,而且跟温度、光照、水文条件以及气候等环境要素尤其是水体富营养化有关[3-7]
南黄海属于北太平洋西部半封闭陆架浅海,受径流输入、水团以及沿岸流和暖流组成的洋流系统等因素影响,尤其西部江苏近海呈现明显富营养化[8-10]。自2007年以来,海域内持续受到漂浮态绿藻浒苔(Ulva prolifera)绿潮影响[11-13],每年春季(4月底)在江苏近海出现浒苔斑块,随后在风和流的控制下[14-15],浒苔斑块向北漂移并快速增殖形成大规模绿潮[16],7月中下旬在山东半岛近海聚积、沉降消亡[17-18]。数百万吨浒苔藻体死亡会释放大量的氮、磷要素及含硫物质等[19],给近海旅游业和养殖业造成经济及生态损失[20-22]
研究表明,浒苔在生长繁殖过程中能够同时吸收利用多种形态氮、磷(无机态和小分子有机态)营养盐[23],且具有快速吸收储存营养盐能力,对水体起到净化缓解富营养化的作用[24-25]。水体中氮营养盐浓度和结构是绿潮发展的重要物质基础[26-27],当无机氮浓度较低时,浒苔会增加对有机态氮吸收利用的亲和性[23, 26, 28-29]。近些年来工农业、养殖业以及生活废水含氮超标,通过径流及直排等途径进入近海[30],导致近海海水氮超标富营养化严重[31-32],水体中氮结构发生明显变化,有机氮组分如氨基酸、尿素等浓度增加。南黄海绿潮的特点为持续时间长(4月底至8月)漂移范围广(32°~37°N),从南向北漂移过程中经历从江苏近海到山东半岛外海复杂的水文环境,从富营养化海域到低营养盐区域。而较多营养盐对绿潮发展影响研究集中在江苏紫菜筏架区或青岛近海小范围海域,且主要关注无机态营养盐组分,而对整个绿潮期间不同发展海域不同形态氮营养盐之间关系知之甚少。
为进一步分析南黄海不同形态氮组分与大规模绿潮发展特征的耦合关系,本文针对2018年南黄海绿潮发展时空规律以及暴发前后(春季和夏季)氮营养盐组分变化,深入分析不同形态氮组分在不同绿潮阶段中的作用,以期对浒苔绿潮发展中氮要素来源进一步了解。
分别于2018年4月(春季,绿潮暴发前,3月28日至4月4日)和7月(夏季,绿潮发展后期,7月24–30日)搭载国家基金委共享航次“东方红2”号科考船于南黄海进行调查,调查范围在32°~36.2°N,124°E以西海域,站位如图1b图1c所示。现场使用Seabird 911-Niskin联用采水并测定温盐参数,根据海洋调查规范设置采水层次。
营养盐样品的采集和处理方法均依照《海洋调查规范—海水化学要素》(GB/T 12763.4—2007)所述。水样经GF/F(Whatman,450℃灼烧4 h)过滤后冷冻保存。带回实验室测定,其中尿素(urea-N)采用二乙酰一肟−盐酸氨基脲法[33-34]${\rm {NO}}_3^- $-N和${\rm {NO}}_2^- $-N采用重氮−偶氮法 (${\rm {NO}}_3^- $-N,铜−镉还原),${\rm {NH}}_4^+ $-N使用靛酚蓝法。总溶解氮(Total Dissolved Nitrogen,TDN)经碱性过硫酸钾法(Alkaline Persulphate Oxidation)消化后测定,消化过程以EDTA作为有机氮回收标准[35],测量精度为92%。溶解无机氮(Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen, DIN)为${\rm {NO}}_3^- $-N、${\rm {NO}}_2^- $-N和${\rm {NH}}_4^+ $-N之和,溶解有机氮(Dissolved Organic Nitrogen, DON )为TDN减去DIN之差。海水总悬浮颗粒物(Total Suspended Particulate, TSP)使用重量法[35]采集测定。
表层水体中营养盐减少量估算如下:
${M} = C \times h \times A,$
式中,M为减少总物质量(单位:t),C为绿潮期间营养盐浓度变化(单位:μmol/L),h为表层水团深度(取值3 m),A为不同阶段区域面积(单位:km2)。
2018年绿潮发展过程中浒苔斑块漂移路径、分布面积和覆盖面积(指示浒苔生物量)数据收集自自然资源部北海预报中心每日大型藻类预警公报,其结果解译自MODIS-TERRA和RADARSAT卫星数据[36-37]
2018年4月25日在江苏南通近海首先发现零星的浒苔(图2b),在风和海流控制下,漂浮态浒苔向北漂移并不断增殖,绿潮规模快速扩展。6月29日,绿潮分布面积和覆盖面积达到最大(38 046 km2和193 km2)。7月中旬,大规模绿潮靠近山东半岛发生聚积,其分布面积迅速减小。8月中旬,浒苔藻体沉降−堆积−腐烂基本消失,发展规模较2017年明显增大[38]
对绿潮暴发海域和漂移路径分析发现(图2b),其发展和影响海域集中在122°E以西近海。根据浒苔藻状态分析表明(图2),在南部江苏近海以零星分布状态(<100 cm2)浒苔为主[39],浒苔颜色较深,藻体内叶绿素(>1.2 mg/g)及氮、磷元素(氮浓度>40 mg/g, 磷浓度>0.8 mg/g)浓度较高[40-41]。绿潮向北漂移增殖速率显示(图2a图2c),在35°N以南江苏近海海域,浒苔斑块增殖速率较快,其相对增殖速率达每天35.9%(5月25至6月3日,覆盖面积从2 km2扩大到53 km2),绿潮处于快速增殖阶段。7月23日后,大规模聚集态浒苔斑块(长条状大于100 m和高聚积态大于1 km2)完全进入35° N以北海域,藻体呈现浅绿色,藻体释放孢子分支出现白化,藻体内叶绿素(约0.3 mg/g)及氮磷元素(氮浓度<20 mg/g, 磷浓度<0.3 mg/g)浓度较江苏近海明显降低[40-41],规模快速减小,绿潮处于聚积衰退阶段。
春季(2018年4月)南黄海营养盐主要受西部径流输入、沿岸流混合(表1,TSP>100 mg/L)、北部青岛冷水团和外海暖流的影响。其中DIN浓度范围在0.62~55.23 μmol/L之间,平均值为(8.86±8.71) μmol/L,约占TDN的63%(图3图4),其主要组分为${\rm {NO}}_3^- $-N(占DIN的86%)。表层浓度为(11.56±11.88) μmol/L,明显高于中层((6.06±3.57) μmol/L)和底层((7.21±3.79) μmol/L),呈现明显的南部近岸高、北部低(35°N以北,DIN<2 μmol/L)的区域特征。DON浓度范围为1.62~16.8 μmol/L,平均值为(5.30±2.30) μmol/L,在TDN占比37%,垂向各水层差异较小,在北部和近岸呈现高值,尤其是在北部低DIN区域其浓度高于6 μmol/L,是此区域重要的氮循环组分。urea-N作为重要的小分子有机氮,浓度范围在0.15~3.43 μmol/L之间,平均为(1.28±0.72) μmol/L,占水体中DON的24%。春季受水坝截留[42]及高悬浮物(表1,沿岸水TSP>100 mg/L)吸附等因素影响,径流输入影响较小,高值区在中部和北部海域。urea-N在北部低DIN区域表层浓度为(1.47±0.45) μmol/L(表2),作为浒苔可直接利用的小分子有机氮[23],对于绿潮后期的氮补充起到重要作用。外海黄海暖流影响水团中urea-N浓度为(1.18±0.62) μmol/L,在DON中占比达28%,是重要的可利用氮组分,为生物繁殖提供氮要素。
夏季(2018年7月)海表温度为(25.00±1.73)℃,生物活动剧烈,同时受大范围黄海冷水团、沿岸径流输入(图5)及底层再悬浮释放等因素影响,除${\rm {NO}}_2^- $-N氮的各形态浓度较春季均明显降低。其中DIN平均浓度为(6.09±5.92) μmol/L,在TDN中占比56%(图4),较春季绿潮暴发前浓度降低2.77 μmol/L,降幅31%。高值区在江苏和长江口外海域,低值区在北部冷水团温跃层上层(图6,35°N以北,DIN<1 μmol/L)。表层和底层受径流输入及底层再悬浮影响浓度明显较高。DON整体浓度在0.3~16.61 μmol/L之间,平均为(4.84±2.54) μmol/L,较春季减少约0.46 μmol/L;垂向分布层化现象明显,表层中浓度为(6.12±2.53) μmol/L,受生物释放等因素影响,浓度较春季上升。urea-N受径流携带的大量的工农业和海水产养殖废水排入影响(表1图4),呈现近海高、远海低的特征,浓度范围为0.02~4.08 μmol/L,平均为(0.84±0.57) μmol/L,占DON的17.4%,受生物吸收利用等因素影响[43-44],较春季减少0.44 μmol/L,降幅34.4%。表层受江苏沿岸河流和长江冲淡水输入影响((1.05±0.70) μmol/L)浓度明显高于其他水层。
对比春、夏季间(绿潮暴发前后)绿潮(122 °E以西近海)和非绿潮(122 °E以东远海)影响海域,表层氮营养盐变化发现(表2),122°E以西近海绿潮漂移海域营养盐来源丰富,各氮组分浓度较高,其中总可利用氮(DIN组分和小分子有机氮urea-N等)浓度远高于浒苔持续生长所需的最低氮浓度(6.5 μmol/L)[45],丰富充足的氮有利于浒苔繁殖生长。绿潮暴发前后表层水体中,DIN浓度降低5.45 μmol/L,降幅37%,且以${\rm {NO}}_3^- $-N为主;而DON及其小分子组分urea-N受径流输入(图4)等因素影响,浓度上升。而非绿潮海域(122°E以东远海),春、夏间DIN浓度降低1.16 μmol/L,降幅18%,且主要为${\rm {NO}}_3^- $-N降低;DON浓度增加1.75 μmol/L,但其组分urea-N降低0.39 μmol/L,说明在远海除DIN外,尿素作为重要的有机氮组分对浮游植物生长[46]及细菌群落[43]发展起到重要作用。两个绿潮特征区域营养盐变化趋势表明,近岸丰富的营养盐来源和浓度为绿潮的暴发提供了物质基础,且浒苔藻能够快速吸收和储存大量DIN,对减轻江苏近海富营养化程度具有重要的意义。
对比绿潮快速增殖阶段和聚积衰退阶段对应的江苏近海和山东半岛外海域营养盐变化发现,35°N以南江苏近海绿潮快速增殖区(图2),受径流输入和混合影响(表2S<30.7, TSP>80.0 mg/ L),氮营养盐浓度较高,其中DIN在绿潮暴发前后浓度降低6.73 μmol/L,降幅66.6%;而DON和urea-N受径流输入以及生物释放影响浓度上升。估算此区域表层水团中(面积约36 000 km2)主要组分DIN减少约104 t。35°N以北绿潮聚积衰退区,营养盐来源少浓度低(表2,DIN<2 μmol/L,urea-N<1.5 μmol/L),远低于浒苔藻生长最低氮浓度(6.5 μmol/L)[45],不利于绿潮的发展,绿潮发展期间可利用氮组分${\rm {NH}}_4^+ $-N和urea-N分别降低0.53 μmol/L和0.84 μmol/L,估算此区域表层水团中(面积约24 000 km2)减少量分别约530 t和840 t,有机组分urea-N为主要减少组分,为此区域内绿潮发展的重要氮来源。对比两个绿潮发展阶段表层营养盐减少量表明,在35°N以南江苏近海,DIN是快速增殖的绿潮主要氮吸收组分,且此区域为绿潮提供了主要的氮支撑(占总减少氮的87 %),浒苔藻体的叶绿素和氮、磷元素含量较高[40-41]也能支持此论证。35°N以北低DIN特征海域,浒苔藻对有机氮组分亲和力上升[23],urea-N成为此阶段绿潮发展重要的氮支撑组分,相比较江苏近海(104 t级),绿潮在此区域内吸收利用氮总量(1300 t级)相对较低。
(1)2018年绿潮发展漂移路径区域在122°E以西海域,呈现明显的阶段和区域特征,在35°N以南江苏近海绿潮处于快速增殖阶段(相对增殖速率达每天35.9%),35°N以北山东半岛外海域绿潮处于聚积衰退阶段。
(2)在35°N以南江苏近海绿潮快速增殖区域,营养盐丰富,充足的氮尤其是DIN是浒苔快速繁殖的物质基础,估算此区域为绿潮发展提供近87%的氮支撑。
(3)35°N以北山东半岛南部绿潮处于聚积衰退阶段,表层较低的可利用氮(DIN和小分子urea-N)限制浒苔生长,此阶段有机氮组分在氮支撑中起到重要作用。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2016YFC1402101);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(201961011);国家海洋局海洋减灾中心科研项目(2014AA060);国家自然科学基金(41306175)。
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2020年第42卷第8期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.08.005
  • 接收时间:2020-03-31
  • 首发时间:2026-03-26
  • 出版时间:2020-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2020-03-31
  • 修回日期:2020-06-02
基金
国家重点研发计划(2016YFC1402101);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(201961011);国家海洋局海洋减灾中心科研项目(2014AA060);国家自然科学基金(41306175)。
作者信息
    1 中国海洋大学 化学化工学院,山东 青岛 266100
    2 纽约州立大学石溪分校 海洋与大气学院,纽约 11790
    3 青岛大学 生命科学学院,山东 青岛 266071
    4 自然资源部海洋减灾中心,北京 100194
    5 中国地质调查局 滨海湿地生物地质重点实验室,山东 青岛 266071

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*苏荣国,男,教授,主要从事海洋环境化学过程及风险评估研究,浮游藻荧光分类技术研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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