Article(id=1243955296096334802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1243955287984554037, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.06.004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1545321600000, receivedDateStr=2018-12-21, revisedDate=1546358400000, revisedDateStr=2019-01-02, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774511654161, onlineDateStr=2026-03-26, pubDate=1593014400000, pubDateStr=2020-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774511654161, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774511654161, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774511654161, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1243955287984554037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2020', volume='42', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='126', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774511652227, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774511652227, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null}, startPage=29, endPage=35, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1243955296436073457, articleId=1243955296096334802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=Research on the abundance prediction model of Illex argentinus based on sea surface temperature of spawning ground, columnId=1243954927383462170, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Marine Biology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Illex argentinus was a short life cycle species. Its resource abundance is susceptible to changes in the marine environment, especially in its early life history stage. According to the production statistics of the Chinese squid jigging fleet during 2003−2016 in the Southwest Atlantic and the sea surface temperature (SST) of the spawning ground from satellite remote sensing, the correlation analysis method was used to select the featured area representing SST changes during the spawning season (June) of I. argentinus. Based on the assumption that the ratio of optimum SST range to the total area (Ps) of the spawning ground of I. argentinus is positively correlated with the abundance index (catch per fishing unit, CPUE, t/ship), the optimum spawning area and suitable sea water temperature range of I. argentinus were traced back, and a variety of multivariate linear prediction models of abundance index based on the environmental factors were established. The correlation analysis shows that there are significant correlations between SST and CPUE in two consecutive sea areas (Area 1, Area 2) in June. They are 42.5°−44°S, 57.5°−59°W (Area 1) and 39°−39.5°S, 45°−46°W (Area 2) respectively. The inferred spawning area of I. argentinus ranges from 37.5°S to 44°S and 41.5°W to 51.5°W, and the optimum SST in the spawning area is 16°C to 17.5°C. The SSTs of two featured areas (Area 1, Area 2) and Ps in the inferred spawning area are used to establish four types of multivariate linear prediction models of abundance index (ICPUE), the results show that the fourth model containing the featured areas and Ps in the inferred spawning area is superior to the other 3 models, and its prediction model of abundance index is ICPUE=1.390 4×Ps+0.261 9×SSTArea 1+0.096 2×SSTArea 2−3.248 0.

, correspAuthors=Xinjun Chen, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Haiyang Xuebao, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yifan Wang, Xinjun Chen, Lixin Guo), CN=ArticleExt(id=1243955299913150566, articleId=1243955296096334802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=基于产卵场海表温度的阿根廷滑柔鱼资源丰度预测模型研究, columnId=1243954927517679901, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=海洋生物, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

阿根廷滑柔鱼(Illex argentinus)为短生命周期种,其资源丰度易受海洋环境变化的影响,尤其是在产卵场的早期生活史阶段。根据2003−2016年我国鱿钓船队在西南大西洋的生产统计数据,以及产卵场海洋表面温度(SST)卫星遥感数据,用相关性分析方法筛选出阿根廷滑柔鱼产卵旺季期间(6月份)表征产卵场SST变化的特征海域;基于阿根廷滑柔鱼产卵场最适SST范围占总面积之比(Ps)与资源丰度单位捕捞努力渔获量(CPUE,t/船)呈正相关性的假设,回溯阿根廷滑柔鱼最适的产卵场及水温环境条件,并据此建立多种基于表征产卵场SST环境因子的资源丰度多元线性预测模型。相关性分析结果表明:6月份有两片连续海域(Area 1、Area 2)的SST与CPUE之间存在显著相关性,分别为42.5°~44°S、57.5°~59°W(Area 1)和39°~39.5°S、45°~46°W(Area 2);回溯的阿根廷滑柔鱼产卵场范围为37.5°~44°S、41.5°~51.5°W,产卵场最适SST范围为16~17.5℃。利用2个特征海域(Area 1、Area 2)SST以及回溯的产卵场Ps建立4种的多元线性资源丰度指数(ICPUE)预测模型,结果表明,包含表征寒暖流的特征海域和回溯产卵场Ps的方案4模型优于其他3种模型,其资源丰度指数预测模型为ICPUE=1.390 4×Ps+0.261 9×SSTArea 1+0.096 2×SSTArea 2−3.248 0。

, correspAuthors=陈新军, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*陈新军,男,教授,主要从事远洋鱿钓渔业、渔情预报学、渔业资源经济学等方向研究。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《海洋学报》编辑部 2023, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=NkJmAjxVL3dBkxNlcXSFlQ==, magXml=0Pc3+9e/hm27tSGC0t01sA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=mXuTnnm31o4tKIP1vvU8Nw==, pdfFileSize=4226575, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=z7xdUoCDkbilwk/Xj+S7Wg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=36+obXgnLWhb33GQasQY8Q==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

王易帆(1993-),男,浙江省舟山市人,主要研究方向为大洋性柔鱼中长期预报。E-mail:

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王易帆(1993-),男,浙江省舟山市人,主要研究方向为大洋性柔鱼中长期预报。E-mail:

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王易帆(1993-),男,浙江省舟山市人,主要研究方向为大洋性柔鱼中长期预报。E-mail:

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articleId=1243955296096334802, language=CN, label=图7, caption=阿根廷滑柔鱼推测产卵场经纬度坐标分布图, figureFileSmall=N1YGmSGxEhm/IZNQ244OGg==, figureFileBig=TxMByAcRlV85oP9a8kHaTg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246537949760869331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955296096334802, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

The result of correlation analysis parameters between SST in key area and CPUE of next year

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Area 1Area 2
经纬度范围42.5°~44°S,57.5°~59°W39°~39.5°S,45°~46°W
R0.618 70.609 2
p0.024 20.027 1
), ArticleFig(id=1246537949844755413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955296096334802, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

产卵场特征海域SST与次年CPUE相关性分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Area 1Area 2
经纬度范围42.5°~44°S,57.5°~59°W39°~39.5°S,45°~46°W
R0.618 70.609 2
p0.024 20.027 1
), ArticleFig(id=1246537949962195929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955296096334802, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The result of correlation analysis parameters between Ps of different optimal SST ranges and CPUE in forecasted spawning ground (37.5°−44°S,41.5°−51.5°W)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产卵场最适SST范围Rp
15.5~17℃0.470 20.104 9
16~17.5℃0.654 50.015 2
16.5~18℃0.205 00.501 6
17~18.5℃−0.083 2 0.787 0
15.5~17.5℃0.544 30.054 4
16~18℃0.524 20.065 9
16.5~18.5℃0.113 40.712 1
15.5~18℃0.502 70.080 0
16~18.5℃0.381 10.198 8
), ArticleFig(id=1246537950050276314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955296096334802, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

推测产卵场(37.5°~44°S,41.5°~51.5°W)不同最适SST范围的Ps与CPUE相关性分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产卵场最适SST范围Rp
15.5~17℃0.470 20.104 9
16~17.5℃0.654 50.015 2
16.5~18℃0.205 00.501 6
17~18.5℃−0.083 2 0.787 0
15.5~17.5℃0.544 30.054 4
16~18℃0.524 20.065 9
16.5~18.5℃0.113 40.712 1
15.5~18℃0.502 70.080 0
16~18.5℃0.381 10.198 8
), ArticleFig(id=1246537950180299744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955296096334802, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Multiple linear model equations and forecast results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案多元线性预测模型方程RpMSE
1ICPUE=2.570 1×Ps+0.253 6×SSTArea 1−1.928 20.732 10.021 50.037 9
2ICPUE=2.581 6×Ps+0.092 6×SSTArea 2−1.602 00.720 60.025 70.039 2
3ICPUE=0.328 0×SSTArea 1+0.124 2×SSTArea 2−3.868 50.774 70.010 20.032 6
4ICPUE=1.390 4×Ps+0.261 9×SSTArea 1+0.096 2×SSTArea 2−3.248 00.796 20.023 50.029 9
), ArticleFig(id=1246537950335488995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955296096334802, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

多元线性模型方程以及预报结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案多元线性预测模型方程RpMSE
1ICPUE=2.570 1×Ps+0.253 6×SSTArea 1−1.928 20.732 10.021 50.037 9
2ICPUE=2.581 6×Ps+0.092 6×SSTArea 2−1.602 00.720 60.025 70.039 2
3ICPUE=0.328 0×SSTArea 1+0.124 2×SSTArea 2−3.868 50.774 70.010 20.032 6
4ICPUE=1.390 4×Ps+0.261 9×SSTArea 1+0.096 2×SSTArea 2−3.248 00.796 20.023 50.029 9
), ArticleFig(id=1246537950440346601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955296096334802, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Multivariate linear model equation variable t test result

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案t(Ps)t(SST 1)t(SST 2)
11.8162.522
21.9562.375
32.3942.332
41.9102.6782.552
), ArticleFig(id=1246537950532621290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955296096334802, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

多元线性模型方程自变量t检验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案t(Ps)t(SST 1)t(SST 2)
11.8162.522
21.9562.375
32.3942.332
41.9102.6782.552
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基于产卵场海表温度的阿根廷滑柔鱼资源丰度预测模型研究
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王易帆 1 , 陈新军 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, * , 郭立新 1, 3
海洋学报 | 海洋生物 2020,42(6): 29-35
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海洋学报 | 海洋生物 2020, 42(6): 29-35
基于产卵场海表温度的阿根廷滑柔鱼资源丰度预测模型研究
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王易帆1 , 陈新军1, 2, 3, 4, 5, * , 郭立新1, 3
作者信息
  • 1 上海海洋大学 海洋科学学院,上海 201306
  • 2 农业农村部大洋渔业开发重点实验室,上海 201306
  • 3 国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海 201306
  • 4 大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室,上海 201306
  • 5 农业农村部大洋渔业资源环境科学观测实验站,上海 201306
  • 王易帆(1993-),男,浙江省舟山市人,主要研究方向为大洋性柔鱼中长期预报。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*陈新军,男,教授,主要从事远洋鱿钓渔业、渔情预报学、渔业资源经济学等方向研究。E-mail:
Research on the abundance prediction model of Illex argentinus based on sea surface temperature of spawning ground
Yifan Wang1 , Xinjun Chen1, 2, 3, 4, 5, * , Lixin Guo1, 3
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
  • 2 Key Laboratory of Oceanic Fisheries Exploration, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201306, China
  • 3 National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai 201306, China
  • 4 Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China
  • 5 Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Oceanic Fishery Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201306, China
出版时间: 2020-06-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.06.004
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阿根廷滑柔鱼(Illex argentinus)为短生命周期种,其资源丰度易受海洋环境变化的影响,尤其是在产卵场的早期生活史阶段。根据2003−2016年我国鱿钓船队在西南大西洋的生产统计数据,以及产卵场海洋表面温度(SST)卫星遥感数据,用相关性分析方法筛选出阿根廷滑柔鱼产卵旺季期间(6月份)表征产卵场SST变化的特征海域;基于阿根廷滑柔鱼产卵场最适SST范围占总面积之比(Ps)与资源丰度单位捕捞努力渔获量(CPUE,t/船)呈正相关性的假设,回溯阿根廷滑柔鱼最适的产卵场及水温环境条件,并据此建立多种基于表征产卵场SST环境因子的资源丰度多元线性预测模型。相关性分析结果表明:6月份有两片连续海域(Area 1、Area 2)的SST与CPUE之间存在显著相关性,分别为42.5°~44°S、57.5°~59°W(Area 1)和39°~39.5°S、45°~46°W(Area 2);回溯的阿根廷滑柔鱼产卵场范围为37.5°~44°S、41.5°~51.5°W,产卵场最适SST范围为16~17.5℃。利用2个特征海域(Area 1、Area 2)SST以及回溯的产卵场Ps建立4种的多元线性资源丰度指数(ICPUE)预测模型,结果表明,包含表征寒暖流的特征海域和回溯产卵场Ps的方案4模型优于其他3种模型,其资源丰度指数预测模型为ICPUE=1.390 4×Ps+0.261 9×SSTArea 1+0.096 2×SSTArea 2−3.248 0。

西南大西洋  /  阿根廷滑柔鱼  /  资源丰度  /  预测模型  /  产卵环境条件

Illex argentinus was a short life cycle species. Its resource abundance is susceptible to changes in the marine environment, especially in its early life history stage. According to the production statistics of the Chinese squid jigging fleet during 2003−2016 in the Southwest Atlantic and the sea surface temperature (SST) of the spawning ground from satellite remote sensing, the correlation analysis method was used to select the featured area representing SST changes during the spawning season (June) of I. argentinus. Based on the assumption that the ratio of optimum SST range to the total area (Ps) of the spawning ground of I. argentinus is positively correlated with the abundance index (catch per fishing unit, CPUE, t/ship), the optimum spawning area and suitable sea water temperature range of I. argentinus were traced back, and a variety of multivariate linear prediction models of abundance index based on the environmental factors were established. The correlation analysis shows that there are significant correlations between SST and CPUE in two consecutive sea areas (Area 1, Area 2) in June. They are 42.5°−44°S, 57.5°−59°W (Area 1) and 39°−39.5°S, 45°−46°W (Area 2) respectively. The inferred spawning area of I. argentinus ranges from 37.5°S to 44°S and 41.5°W to 51.5°W, and the optimum SST in the spawning area is 16°C to 17.5°C. The SSTs of two featured areas (Area 1, Area 2) and Ps in the inferred spawning area are used to establish four types of multivariate linear prediction models of abundance index (ICPUE), the results show that the fourth model containing the featured areas and Ps in the inferred spawning area is superior to the other 3 models, and its prediction model of abundance index is ICPUE=1.390 4×Ps+0.261 9×SSTArea 1+0.096 2×SSTArea 2−3.248 0.

Southwest Atlantic  /  Illex argentinus  /  abundance index  /  forecasting model  /  spawning environmental conditions
王易帆, 陈新军, 郭立新. 基于产卵场海表温度的阿根廷滑柔鱼资源丰度预测模型研究. 海洋学报, 2020 , 42 (6) : 29 -35 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.06.004
Yifan Wang, Xinjun Chen, Lixin Guo. Research on the abundance prediction model of Illex argentinus based on sea surface temperature of spawning ground[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2020 , 42 (6) : 29 -35 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.06.004
阿根廷滑柔鱼(Illex argentinus)广泛分布于西南大西洋22°~54°S的大陆架和大陆坡,其资源量以35°~52°S的大陆架海域尤为丰富,具有分布广、资源量年间波动大等特点[1-2],是目前世界已开发头足类重要资源之一,也是我国鱿钓渔业的重要捕捞种类之一[1]。现已有研究表明,环境因素对阿根廷滑柔鱼的影响几乎贯穿其整个生活史[3],其中产卵场海表面温度(Sea Surface Temperature, SST)对仔鱼生活阶段更是影响重大[4]。并且,鱼类死亡多集中发生在其仔鱼浮游生活阶段和幼体早期阶段,这一阶段的数量变化决定着该种群补充量的多少[5]。阿根廷滑柔鱼生命周期通常为1年,产卵后即死亡,这使其每年的资源丰度几乎又完全取决于其每年的资源补充量[6-7]。因此,分析阿根廷滑柔鱼产卵场SST对其资源丰度的影响就尤为重要。
目前,有关阿根廷滑柔鱼的研究多集中在资源渔场变化与海洋环境之间的关系[8-12],而有关资源丰度预报则较少研究。例如,Waluda等[13]假设产卵月(6−7月)产卵场海域为32°~39°S、49°~61°W,认为阿根廷滑柔鱼产卵场最适SST面积占总产卵场面积之比(Ps)越大,次年阿根廷滑柔鱼资源丰度越丰富。陆化杰[14]假设阿根廷滑柔鱼产卵海域为40°~42°S、56°~58°W,认为当年的6月份SST和海表温度异常(Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly, SSTA)与次年的资源丰度(单位捕捞努力渔获量 ,Catch Per Unit Effort,CPUE)基本成正相关,6月份产卵场SST高于10℃、SSTA大于0℃,次年的阿根廷滑柔鱼资源补充量会相对较高,而当6月份SST低于10℃、SSTA小于0℃,次年的资源补充量可能会较低。汪金涛等[15]假设阿根廷滑柔鱼产卵海域为30°~45°S、40°~65°W,利用6月份与CPUE之间存在强相关性的3片连续区域SST以及7月份的Ps作为环境变量,建立基于误差反向传播(Error Back Propagation,EBP)神经网络模型的阿根廷滑柔鱼资源补充量预报模型。以上的研究所使用表征产卵场SST的环境因子均有所差异,假设的产卵场范围也都不同。上述研究也表明,目前我们还不清楚阿根廷滑柔鱼最适的产卵场范围,其最适的产卵场环境是什么条件。为此,本研究拟结合多年西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼生产捕捞数据及其产卵场的SST,通过设计多种产卵环境条件,利用不同的表征产卵场SST的环境因子与资源丰度进行相关分析,比较并筛选出最适的产卵场范围及其最适SST范围,进而建立阿根廷滑柔鱼资源丰度的预测模型,为其资源可持续开发和科学管理提供依据。
本研究对象为我国远洋鱿钓渔业的主要捕捞对象—阿根廷滑柔鱼南巴塔哥尼亚群体 (South Patagonic Stock)[16],2003−2016年鱿钓生产数据来自上海海洋大学鱿钓技术组。产卵场SST数据范围为25°~45°S、40°~66°W,时间为2002−2015年6月份,数据来源于Ocean Watch网站,空间分辨率为0.1°×0.1°(https://oceanwatch.pifsc.noaa.gov/erddap/griddap/OceanWatch_pfgac_sst_monthly.htmlTable?sst[(2002-05-01):1:(2015-09-01)][(−45):1:(−25)][(294):1:(320)])。
本研究采用名义CPUE(单位:t/船)来表征阿根廷滑柔鱼资源丰度,公式如下:
${{\rm {CPUE}}_i} = \frac{{{{\rm {CATCH}}_i}}}{{{{\rm {EFFORT}}_i}}},$
式中,i为年份;CATCH的单位为t;EFFORT为船的数量。
对CPUE进行归一化处理,作为表征资源丰度指数(ICPUE),其公式如下:
${{\rm {ICPUE}}_i} = \frac{{{{\rm {CPUE}}_i}}}{{{{\rm {CPUE}}_{\max }}}},$
式中,i为年份;CPUEmax为2003−2016年中最大的CPUE。
已有研究表明[17-18],西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼南巴塔哥尼亚群体产卵场通常被认为分布在25°~45°S、40°~66°W海域。陆化杰[14]和汪金涛等[15]的研究结果表明,阿根廷滑柔鱼南巴塔哥尼亚群体产卵场6月份的SST与次年资源丰度的关系较为密切。故本研究假设6月份为阿根廷滑柔鱼南巴塔哥尼亚群体产卵旺季,其产卵场范围在25°~45°S、40°~66°W[17-18]图1),并用0.5°×0.5°的空间分辨率划分该海域。在产卵旺季(6月份),计算分析每点SST组成的时间序列值与次年CPUE组成的时间序列值的相关性,选取统计显著(p<0.05)的海域SST作为表征其产卵场的环境因子。
计算产卵场最适表层水温范围占产卵场总面积的比例是衡量产卵场栖息地环境优劣的重要方法之一[13]。Waluda等[13]研究认为,产卵场SST在16~18℃为阿根廷滑柔鱼产卵场最适SST范围。本研究在此基础上设计9组最适SST范围:15.5~17℃,16~17.5℃,16.5~18℃,17~18.5℃,15.5~17.5℃,16~18℃,16.5~18.5℃,15.5~18℃,16~18.5℃,以此来选择最适产卵场SST范围。在假设产卵场Ps与次年CPUE呈显著正相关的条件下,设计以0.5°×0.5°为一个单位,从初始假设的产卵场40°~45°S、61°~66°W向北移动、向东至25°~45°S、40°~66°W海域(图2),共计获得469 216个假设的阿根廷滑柔鱼产卵场。对所有假设的产卵场Ps与次年CPUE进行相关性分析,选择在统计学上显著(p<0.05)的假设产卵场Ps作为表征阿根廷滑柔鱼资源量的环境因子。
根据2.2.2节的相关性分析,建立上述显著影响因子与CPUE之间的多元线性模型。将2003−2015年阿根廷滑柔鱼CPUE作为建模样本,2016年阿根廷滑柔鱼CPUE作为验证样本。以均方误差(Mean Square Error,MSE)和相关系数(R)作为判断最优模型的标准。拟合残差是将预报值与实际值进行比较所得,其计算公式为[19]
${\rm {MSE}} = \frac{1}{N}\sum\limits_{k = 1}^n {{{\left( {{y_k} - {{\hat y}_k}} \right)}^2}} ,$
式中,$ {y_k}$为CPUE的实际值,$ {\hat y}_k$为CPUE的预报值。其中MSE越小,预报准确率越高。R越高,其预测模型越好。
图3可知,2003−2016年阿根廷滑柔鱼CPUE年间波动很大。2004−2007年CPUE大幅度增长,2007−2010年CPUE大幅度下降,2011−2015年CPUE逐渐增长,2016年又突然下降,其中CPUE最低出现在2004年,为144.09 t/船;最高出现在2007年,为3 844.93 t/船。
相关性分析认为,Area 1(42.5°~44°S、57.5°~59°W)和Area 2(39°~39.5°S、45°~46°W)(图4)与次年CPUE呈显著相关(表1),其平均SST分别为6.98℃(图5)、15.56℃(图6)。
假设产卵场的Ps与次年CPUE的相关性分析认为,结果共有1 566个假设产卵场的Ps与次年CPUE呈显著性相关(p<0.05),并根据起始经度进行降序排列得到推测产卵场经纬度坐标分布散点图(图7)。根据推测产卵场(37.5°~44°S、41.5°~51.5°W)中不同最适SST范围的Ps与CPUE相关性分析,推断阿根廷滑柔鱼产卵场最适SST范围为16~17.5℃(表2)。
利用阿根廷滑柔鱼特征海域Area 1和Area 2的SST,以及推测产卵场Ps进行不同组合,建立多元线性阿根廷滑柔鱼资源丰度指数预测模型,其方案分别是:
方案1:选取Area 1的SST、推测产卵场Ps两个环境因子;
方案2:选取Area 2的SST、推测产卵场Ps两个环境因子;
方案3:选取Area 1的SST、Area 2的SST两个环境因子;
方案4:选取Area 1的SST、Area 2的SST、推测产卵场Ps 3个环境因子(表3表4)。
表4可知,可得到各个模型中解释变量的t值,给定显著性水平α=0.1,查t分布表中自由度为9和10,得到t0.5α(10)=1.812,t0.5α(9)=1.833,可见,各个方案中的解释变量的t值均大于该临界值,即各个方案模型中的解释变量在90%的水平下影响显著,均通过检验。
表3可知,根据4种方案得到多元线性模型方程在线性拟合度、显著性以及MSE相差不大。其中方案4线性拟合度相对较高,均方误差相对较低,为最优模型。
西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼独特的生物学特征,使其资源丰度对产卵场环境条件变化异常敏感。已有研究表明[20],巴西暖流与福克兰寒流汇合海域,营养盐丰富,是阿根廷滑柔鱼重要的饵料场,也是促使阿根廷滑柔鱼穿越整个大陆架及大陆坡海域洄游至该海域的重要动力。本研究经过相关性分析,在6月份假设产卵场中筛选出两个特征海域(图4),其中Area 1的SST在2002−2014年之间波动范围为6~8℃(图5),可以表征福克兰寒流对阿根廷滑柔鱼资源丰度的影响;Area 2的SST在2002−2014年之间波动范围为13~17.5℃(图6),可以表征巴西暖流对阿根廷滑柔鱼资源丰度的影响。根据两个特征海域SST与次年CPUE在2002−2014年间波动情况(图5图6),研究发现两个特征海域SST值均为峰值的年份(2006−2007年,2013−2014年),其次年的阿根廷滑柔鱼资源相对丰富。
Brunetti等[21-22]的研究结果表明,根据阿根廷滑柔鱼成熟雌性个体与仔鱼分布,产卵季为4−8月的南巴塔哥尼亚种群的产卵场主要分布在福克兰或巴西海流控制下44°S以北的大陆架海域。短生命周期种类的资源丰度很大程度上取决于其产卵场的环境,基于这一假设,本研究通过长时间序列的资源丰度数据,结合其最适水温范围等因素,成功获得了最适产卵场的范围,即产卵场主要集中分布在37.5°~44°S、41.5°~51.5°W海域,进一步缩小了Brunetti等[21-22]提出的产卵场范围,这一研究为后续产卵场调查和阿根廷滑柔鱼早期生活史的研究提供了科学依据。
本研究通过设计9组回溯的产卵场不同最适SST范围的Ps分别与次年CPUE做相关性分析,获得了最适的SST范围,即为16~17.5℃(表2),这与Waluda等[13]根据渔业调查资料定义的产卵场最适SST范围(16~18℃)基本相同。由图4可知,推测产卵场处于巴西暖流和福克兰寒流交汇处,阿根廷滑柔鱼是暖水性种类,实行南北方向的洄游路线。阿根廷滑柔鱼南巴塔哥尼亚种群幼体随着巴西暖流南下,个体成熟后,随着福克兰海流北上。分析研究认为,在产卵期间,巴西暖流强,产卵场水温偏高,最适SST(16~17.5℃)的范围较大,则有利于阿根廷滑柔鱼补充量的发生;反之,则不利于阿根廷滑柔鱼资源补充量的发生。
研究结果表明,在4个资源丰度指数预测模型中,发现方案4的预测效果最优。这个说明表征巴西暖流的特征海域Area 2和表征福克兰寒流的特征海域Area 1,以及暖寒流交汇区范围大小(最适产卵场范围Ps)共同对阿根廷滑柔鱼资源丰度多少产生影响。当然,特征海域Area 1、特征海域Area 2和最适产卵场范围Ps本身也存在着某种关联,实际上福克兰寒流和巴西暖流的共同作用,影响着其产卵场空间分布以及产卵环境条件。
对阿根廷滑柔鱼资源丰度进行科学预测是一件极其复杂的系统工作,在其早期生活阶段不仅受到产卵场SST的影响[13],还受诸如海流、初级生产力等环境因子,以及个体的生长、死亡、内外部捕食者等生物学因素的影响[3],利用其早期生活阶段产卵场SST进行资源丰度的预测是其中一种最重要、最简单、最具可操作性的方法。但今后需要结合物理海洋学、生态系统动力学等多学科因素,建立更为科学的阿根廷滑柔鱼资源丰度预测模型,为阿根廷滑柔鱼资源合理利用和科学管理提供依据。
  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目(NSFC41876141)。
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2020年第42卷第6期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.06.004
  • 接收时间:2018-12-21
  • 首发时间:2026-03-26
  • 出版时间:2020-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2018-12-21
  • 修回日期:2019-01-02
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(NSFC41876141)。
作者信息
    1 上海海洋大学 海洋科学学院,上海 201306
    2 农业农村部大洋渔业开发重点实验室,上海 201306
    3 国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海 201306
    4 大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室,上海 201306
    5 农业农村部大洋渔业资源环境科学观测实验站,上海 201306

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*陈新军,男,教授,主要从事远洋鱿钓渔业、渔情预报学、渔业资源经济学等方向研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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