Article(id=1243955290203337482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1243955287984554037, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.06.010, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1562256000000, receivedDateStr=2019-07-05, revisedDate=1570636800000, revisedDateStr=2019-10-10, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774511652755, onlineDateStr=2026-03-26, pubDate=1593014400000, pubDateStr=2020-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774511652755, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774511652755, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774511652755, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1243955287984554037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2020', volume='42', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='126', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774511652227, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774511652227, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null}, startPage=83, endPage=89, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1243955290605990668, articleId=1243955290203337482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=Characteristics of macro-fouling communities on offshore discus buoys, columnId=1243954927383462170, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Marine Biology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To elucidate the characteristics of macro-fouling communities on discus buoys, an assessment was conducted on 4 buoys deployed in offshore waters southeast of the Zhujiang River Delta and the northeastern Beibu Gulf, respectively. The abundance and biomass of macro-fouling organisms colonizing the side of buoys were 400.00−78 296.00 ind./m2 and 659.42−62 276.00 g/m2, respectively, whereas those on the bottom were 412.00−66 585.00 ind./m2 and 1 861.60−60 784.00 g/m2. At most stations, the abundance and biomass of macro-fouling organisms on the bottom of buoys were higher than on the side. The diversity index (H′) on the bottom of buoys ranged from 2.39 to 3.06, the richness index (d) from 4.02 to 6.98 and the evenness index (J′) from 0.88 to 0.91; and those on the side of buoys were from 0.64 to 2.79, 1.10 to 4.89 and 0.58 to 0.96, respectively. Both of the H′ and the d on the bottom of buoys were higher than on the side. According to the results of Hierarchical Cluster Analysis and Non-metric Multi-Dimensional Scaling, the macro-fouling communities of buoys could be clustered into 4 groups at 30% similarity. Of them, the communities on the bottom of the buoys could be basically clustered into a group while those on the sides varied with locations. Moreover, one-way Analysis of Similarities and Similarity Percentages-Species Contributions not only indicated that the macro-fouling community structure differed significantly between the side and bottom of the offshore buoys but also highlighted that the cirripedians and cnidarians made the greatest contribution to the difference. Overall, macro-fouling organisms preferentially colonized the bottom of discus buoys rather than the side.

, correspAuthors=Tao Yan, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Haiyang Xuebao, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Mingqing Lin, Wenxia Yan, Wenhao Cao, Tao Yan), CN=ArticleExt(id=1243955291604235037, articleId=1243955290203337482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=大型附着生物对近海圆盘浮标污损的特点, columnId=1243954927517679901, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=海洋生物, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为了解大型附着生物对近海圆盘浮标污损的特点,对布设在珠江口东南海域和北部湾东北部海域的4个圆盘浮标的大型附着生物群落进行分析研究。结果表明,浮标侧壁大型附着生物的丰度和生物量分别为400.00~78 296.00 ind./m2和659.42~62 276.00 g/m2,底部的丰度和生物量则为412.00~66 585.00 ind./m2和1 861.60~60 784.00 g/m2,多数情况下浮标底部大型附着生物的丰度和生物量高于侧壁。浮标底部的香农−威纳(Shannon-Wiener)多样性指数(H′)介于2.39~3.06之间,马格列夫(Margalef)丰富度指数(d)为4.02~6.98,皮洛(Pielou)均匀度指数(J′)为0.88~0.91;而浮标侧壁的H′为0.64~2.79,d为1.10~4.89,J′为0.58~0.96,其中H′和d均表现出底部高于侧壁。聚类分析和非度量多维标度分析结果表明,在30%的相似性水平上,可将各站位浮标侧壁和底部的大型附着生物群落分为4个群组,其中浮标底部基本上可归成1个群组,但浮标侧壁之间差异较大。单因子相似性分析和相似性百分比结果则显示,浮标侧壁和底部的生物群落结构存在明显差异,蔓足类和刺胞动物应是造成该差异的主要因素。总体来看,浮标底部相对于浮标侧壁更易被大型附着生物污损。

, correspAuthors=严涛, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*严涛,男,博士,从事海洋污损生物与防除研究。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《海洋学报》编辑部 2023, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=DK7QeHrykSyKCFQreRRt8A==, magXml=SNA2mfRYQ+bUYRaYYyyIVw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=I2nl5uVnmUrLa2m0DJ1UDA==, pdfFileSize=1350638, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=miQii6St7tNB3OgnounqHA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=/eUVIEQeUf8oEJE1mmtONA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

林明晴(1993-),女,广西壮族自治区北海市人,主要研究方向为海洋污损生物研究。E-mail:

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journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955290203337482, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=CLUSTER (a) and nMDS (b) of macro-fouling communities on the sides and bottom of offshore buoys, figureFileSmall=iWiojqI+zeUS60t3rNYRWQ==, figureFileBig=0w0jfnnbzJuY7VVmd5A39g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246537949333050305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955290203337482, language=CN, label=图4, caption=各站位浮标侧壁和底部大型附着生物群落的聚类分析(a) 和非度量多维标度分析(b), figureFileSmall=iWiojqI+zeUS60t3rNYRWQ==, figureFileBig=0w0jfnnbzJuY7VVmd5A39g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246537949446296518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955290203337482, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Species diversity of macro-fouling communities on the side and bottom of offshore buoys

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
站位采样部位多样性指数H丰富度指数d均匀度指数J
Z1侧壁2.794.890.90
Z30.641.100.58
B12.212.990.96
B22.503.780.92
Z1底部2.895.510.91
Z32.394.020.91
B12.976.980.88
B23.066.490.89
), ArticleFig(id=1246537949555348427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955290203337482, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各站位浮标侧壁和底部大型附着生物群落物种多样性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
站位采样部位多样性指数H丰富度指数d均匀度指数J
Z1侧壁2.794.890.90
Z30.641.100.58
B12.212.990.96
B22.503.780.92
Z1底部2.895.510.91
Z32.394.020.91
B12.976.980.88
B23.066.490.89
), ArticleFig(id=1246537949676983245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955290203337482, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Similarity analysis of macro-fouling communities on offshore buoys

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因子 总差异R 组间差异R 显著水平p
  注:−表示无数据。
侧壁, 底部 0.187 0.028
群组A, B, C, D 0.515 0.001
A, D 0.525 0.004
A, C 0.516 0.042
A, B 0.453 0.033
D, C 0.964 0.067
D, B 0.821 0.067
C, B −0.250 0.667
), ArticleFig(id=1246537949765063635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955290203337482, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

浮标大型附着生物群落相似性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因子 总差异R 组间差异R 显著水平p
  注:−表示无数据。
侧壁, 底部 0.187 0.028
群组A, B, C, D 0.515 0.001
A, D 0.525 0.004
A, C 0.516 0.042
A, B 0.453 0.033
D, C 0.964 0.067
D, B 0.821 0.067
C, B −0.250 0.667
), ArticleFig(id=1246537949840561108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955290203337482, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Typical species and discriminating species of macro-fouling organisms and their contribution percentages on the side and bottom of offshore buoys (≥5%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种名典型种/%分歧种/%
侧壁底部侧壁—底部
茗荷Lepas anatifera24.106.125.43
海葵Actiniaria sp.22.4617.566.37
圆鳃麦秆虫Caprella acutifrons10.62
网纹藤壶Balanus reticulatus9.9830.868.68
带偏顶蛤Modiolus barbatus9.77
刺巨藤壶Megabalanus volcano5.07
高峰星藤壶Balanus amaryllis8.565.00
企鹅珍珠贝Pteria penguin6.87
), ArticleFig(id=1246537949958001624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955290203337482, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

浮标侧壁和底部大型附着生物中的典型种和分歧种及其贡献率(≥5%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种名典型种/%分歧种/%
侧壁底部侧壁—底部
茗荷Lepas anatifera24.106.125.43
海葵Actiniaria sp.22.4617.566.37
圆鳃麦秆虫Caprella acutifrons10.62
网纹藤壶Balanus reticulatus9.9830.868.68
带偏顶蛤Modiolus barbatus9.77
刺巨藤壶Megabalanus volcano5.07
高峰星藤壶Balanus amaryllis8.565.00
企鹅珍珠贝Pteria penguin6.87
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大型附着生物对近海圆盘浮标污损的特点
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林明晴 1, 2, 3 , 严文侠 1 , 曹文浩 1, 3 , 严涛 1, 2, 3, *
海洋学报 | 海洋生物 2020,42(6): 83-89
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海洋学报 | 海洋生物 2020, 42(6): 83-89
大型附着生物对近海圆盘浮标污损的特点
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林明晴1, 2, 3 , 严文侠1, 曹文浩1, 3, 严涛1, 2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 热带海洋生物资源与生态重点实验室,广东 广州 510301
  • 2 中国科学院大学,北京 100049
  • 3 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 固体润滑国家重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730000
  • 林明晴(1993-),女,广西壮族自治区北海市人,主要研究方向为海洋污损生物研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*严涛,男,博士,从事海洋污损生物与防除研究。E-mail:
Characteristics of macro-fouling communities on offshore discus buoys
Mingqing Lin1, 2, 3 , Wenxia Yan1, Wenhao Cao1, 3, Tao Yan1, 2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
  • 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • 3 State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
出版时间: 2020-06-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.06.010
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为了解大型附着生物对近海圆盘浮标污损的特点,对布设在珠江口东南海域和北部湾东北部海域的4个圆盘浮标的大型附着生物群落进行分析研究。结果表明,浮标侧壁大型附着生物的丰度和生物量分别为400.00~78 296.00 ind./m2和659.42~62 276.00 g/m2,底部的丰度和生物量则为412.00~66 585.00 ind./m2和1 861.60~60 784.00 g/m2,多数情况下浮标底部大型附着生物的丰度和生物量高于侧壁。浮标底部的香农−威纳(Shannon-Wiener)多样性指数(H′)介于2.39~3.06之间,马格列夫(Margalef)丰富度指数(d)为4.02~6.98,皮洛(Pielou)均匀度指数(J′)为0.88~0.91;而浮标侧壁的H′为0.64~2.79,d为1.10~4.89,J′为0.58~0.96,其中H′和d均表现出底部高于侧壁。聚类分析和非度量多维标度分析结果表明,在30%的相似性水平上,可将各站位浮标侧壁和底部的大型附着生物群落分为4个群组,其中浮标底部基本上可归成1个群组,但浮标侧壁之间差异较大。单因子相似性分析和相似性百分比结果则显示,浮标侧壁和底部的生物群落结构存在明显差异,蔓足类和刺胞动物应是造成该差异的主要因素。总体来看,浮标底部相对于浮标侧壁更易被大型附着生物污损。

大型附着生物  /  群落结构  /  圆盘浮标  /  污损

To elucidate the characteristics of macro-fouling communities on discus buoys, an assessment was conducted on 4 buoys deployed in offshore waters southeast of the Zhujiang River Delta and the northeastern Beibu Gulf, respectively. The abundance and biomass of macro-fouling organisms colonizing the side of buoys were 400.00−78 296.00 ind./m2 and 659.42−62 276.00 g/m2, respectively, whereas those on the bottom were 412.00−66 585.00 ind./m2 and 1 861.60−60 784.00 g/m2. At most stations, the abundance and biomass of macro-fouling organisms on the bottom of buoys were higher than on the side. The diversity index (H′) on the bottom of buoys ranged from 2.39 to 3.06, the richness index (d) from 4.02 to 6.98 and the evenness index (J′) from 0.88 to 0.91; and those on the side of buoys were from 0.64 to 2.79, 1.10 to 4.89 and 0.58 to 0.96, respectively. Both of the H′ and the d on the bottom of buoys were higher than on the side. According to the results of Hierarchical Cluster Analysis and Non-metric Multi-Dimensional Scaling, the macro-fouling communities of buoys could be clustered into 4 groups at 30% similarity. Of them, the communities on the bottom of the buoys could be basically clustered into a group while those on the sides varied with locations. Moreover, one-way Analysis of Similarities and Similarity Percentages-Species Contributions not only indicated that the macro-fouling community structure differed significantly between the side and bottom of the offshore buoys but also highlighted that the cirripedians and cnidarians made the greatest contribution to the difference. Overall, macro-fouling organisms preferentially colonized the bottom of discus buoys rather than the side.

macro-fouling organisms  /  community structure  /  discus buoy  /  biofouling
林明晴, 严文侠, 曹文浩, 严涛. 大型附着生物对近海圆盘浮标污损的特点. 海洋学报, 2020 , 42 (6) : 83 -89 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.06.010
Mingqing Lin, Wenxia Yan, Wenhao Cao, Tao Yan. Characteristics of macro-fouling communities on offshore discus buoys[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2020 , 42 (6) : 83 -89 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.06.010
海洋附着生物通常是指海洋环境中栖息生活在某物体表面的固着、附着和某些营自由生活的各类生物总称[1],它们的出现会对海洋设施和舰船产生一系列负面影响,引发多种问题,造成经济损失,也就是通常所说的海洋生物污损危害[2]。根据附着生物的形态特征和个体大小,一般将生物污损划分为微型生物污损和大型生物污损两大类[3]。基于污损生物群落成员多来源于底栖生物[4],故参照大型底栖生物标准[5],本文将个体不小于0.50 mm的生物均定义为大型附着生物。
伴随海洋油气田开发、深水网箱养殖、近海风力发电、水上交通运输等海洋经济活动的发展,在离岸3海里以远的近海海区出现越来越多的各类海洋设施[6],其中浮标极为常见。然而,大型附着生物的污损会增加浮标的质量,增大浮体表面粗糙程度,改变浮标周围的湍流[7],破坏防护涂层[8],甚至引发移位和沉没[9]。因此,开展浮标生物污损特点研究,不仅有助于制定相应的防护方案,也可为生态基础研究积累数据资料,并为外来种入侵、生物地理分布、人工鱼礁建设和生态恢复等工作提供科学依据。
目前,关于浮标生物污损研究已有很多报道[7-8,10-18],但多数调查对象均为航标[12-18]。至于近海离岸深水海域科学研究和环境监测常用的圆盘浮标,其具有较大的水线面面积和较小的排水量[19],外形及浸没情况与常规航标存在明显差别,虽然以往也有相关生物污损状况的报道[20-22],但从未借助多元统计分析方法从群落结构和生物多样性等方面对大型附着生物的污损特点展开深入分析。本文对南海北部珠江口东南海域和北部湾东北部海域4个圆盘浮标大型生物污损特点进行分析,以期揭示相关规律。
开展大型附着生物污损特点研究的近海圆盘浮标分别布设在南海北部珠江口东南海域和北部湾东北部海域(图1),浸海时间均为12个月,其中Z1、Z3、B1和B2站的离岸距离分别为15.7 km、114.2 km、63.9 km和77.8 km,有关浮标结构参数见文献[23]。通过丰度、生物量和群落多样性指数等参数分析浮标侧壁(S)和底部(B)的大型附着生物群落特点,并借助多元统计分析软件进行聚类分析(Hierarchical Cluster Analysis, CLUSTER)、非度量多维标度分析(Non-metric Multi-Dimensional Scaling, nMDS)和单因子相似性分析(Analysis of Similarities, ANOSIM),探讨侧壁和底部大型附着生物群落结构的差异,最后根据相似性百分比(Similarity Percentages-Species Contributions, SIMPER)确定促成群落内或群落间差异的主要物种[24]
大型附着生物在4个站位浮标侧壁的平均丰度为20 872.00 ind./m2,平均生物量为17 948.00 g/m2;其中丰度的最高值出现在Z1站,为78 296.00 ind./m2,最低值在Z3站,为400.00 ind./m2;生物量的最高值出现在Z1站,为62 276.00 g/m2,最低值在B1站,为659.42 g/m2,如图2所示。
大型附着生物在4个站位浮标底部的平均丰度为37 546.00 ind./m2,平均生物量为24 410.00 g/m2;其中丰度的最高值出现在B2站,为66 585.00 ind./m2,最低值在Z3站,为412.00 ind./m2;生物量的最高值出现在B2站,为60 784.00 g/m2,最低值在Z3站,为1 861.60 g/m2图2)。
Z1站浮标侧壁主要大型附着生物是蔓足类和双壳类,分别占总量的45.25%和52.03%。Z3站浮标侧壁几乎被蔓足类占据,生物量占到了总生物量的99.95%,剩余的则为软甲动物。在B1站,浮标侧壁大型附着生物以海藻、双壳类、刺胞动物和蔓足类为主,分别占总生物量的46.39%、28.14%、14.19%和11.26%。在B2站,浮标侧壁附着量较大的生物为海藻、双壳类和蔓足类,分别占总生物量的53.21%、32.59%和12.93%。从整体情况来看,离岸最远的Z3站的大型附着生物种类数量最低(图3a)。
在Z1站浮标底部,蔓足类是附着生物群落中的主要物种,其生物量占总量的84.38%,其次是刺胞动物,占11.12%。Z2浮标站和Z1浮标站的情况类似,浮标底部蔓足类的百分比高达89.20%,其次是刺胞动物,为8.41%。在B1浮标站浮标底部,蔓足类和双壳类的附着量差不多,分别占44.62%和38.69%,其次是刺胞动物,为15.64%。在B2浮标站浮标底部,附着量最高的是双壳类,生物量百分比为62.25%,其次为蔓足类和刺胞动物,分别为33.60%和4.15%。海藻未在浮标底部的大型附着生物群落中出现(图3b)。
南海北部4个圆盘浮标大型附着生物的群落多样性指数见表1,其中浮标侧壁的香农−威纳(Shannon-Wiener)多样性指数(H′)范围为0.64~2.79,马格列夫(Margalef)丰富度指数(d)为1.10~4.89,皮洛(Pielou)均匀度指数(J′)为0.58~0.96;而底部的H′则介于2.39~3.06,d为4.02~6.98,J′为0.88~0.91。总体来看,各站位之间浮标底部大型附着生物群落多样性指数差异不大,而浮标侧壁则变化明显,尤其是布设在珠江口东南海域的Z3站。
CLUSTER分析结果显示(图4a),在30%的相似性水平上,可将各站位的浮标侧壁和底部分为4个群组:群组A(B2B、B1B、Z1B和Z1S)、群组B(B2S)、群组C(B1S)和群组D(Z3B和Z3S)。
nMDS结果(图4b)在30%相似水平上也可将数据分为4个群组,且组内组成也与CLUSTER分析结果相对应,nMDS图的二维应力值为0.02,小于0.05,表明对分析结果可信度高,基本没有错误[25]
根据CLUSTER和nMDS结果可以看出,除了离岸最远的Z3站较为特殊,浮标底部大型附着生物群落基本上可归成一个群组,而浮标侧壁则差异较大。
ANOSIM分析(表2)表明,浮标侧壁和底部的大型附着生物群落之间存在显著差异(R=0.187,p=0.028<0.05),且其构成的4个群组之间也存在明显的差异(R=0.515,p=0.001<0.05)。其中,除了群组B与C之间差异不明显,其余两两比较均存在差异(R=0.453~0.964),尤以群组A与B、C、D之间的差异显著(p<0.05),而群组D与C和群组D与B之间的差异则不显著(p>0.05)。
SIMPER分析结果显示,浮标侧壁的大型附着生物群落平均相似性为8.71%,相似性贡献率较大的种类是茗荷(24.10%)和海葵(22.46%),其次为圆鳃麦秆虫、网纹藤壶、带偏顶蛤和刺巨藤壶,这6个物种对浮标侧壁生物群落的相似性贡献率总计为82.00%。在浮标底部,大型附着生物群落平均相似性为24.34%,网纹藤壶、海葵、高峰星藤壶、企鹅珍珠贝和茗荷等5个种类累计对群内的相似性贡献率为69.97%,且以网纹藤壶贡献率最大,达30.86%。至于浮标侧壁与底部之间,分析结果显示其大型附着生物群落结构平均差异性为87.51%,网纹藤壶是差异性贡献率较大的物种(8.68%),其次为海葵、茗荷和高峰星藤壶。由于网纹藤壶等4个物种对群落差异性贡献率总和仅为25.48%,表明造成侧壁和底部群落之间差异的物种数较多。表3列出了对群落相似性和差异性贡献率在5%以上的种类。
通过对珠江口东南海域和北部湾东北部海域圆盘浮标大型附着生物群落的分析可以看出,多数情况下浮标底部大型附着生物的丰度和生物量高于侧壁,而所有站位浮标底部的H'd均高于侧壁。另外,浮标底部大型附着生物群落基本上可归成一个群组,但各站位的浮标侧壁之间差异较大,离岸距离和所处海域生物污损状况可能是重要的影响因素。再有,浮标侧壁和底部的生物群落结构存在明显差异,蔓足类和刺胞动物应是造成该差异的主要因素。总体来看,相对于浮标侧壁而言,浮标底部应更易被大型附着生物污损。
圆盘浮标呈扁圆柱形,水平方向面积大,大型藻类只选择其侧壁而非底部附着的现象,应与藻类为需要进行光合作用的自养型生物有关,光照状况是影响它们生长的关键因素之一[26-27],类似情况在以往近岸水域挂板调查中也可观察到[28-29]。而浮标底部只出现无脊椎动物附着且生物量明显高于浮标侧壁,则可能与生物负趋光性有关。研究显示,藤壶金星幼虫和贻贝面盘幼虫会表现负趋光性[30-31],造礁石珊瑚的附着则随着水深的增加从附着基下表面移至侧面甚至上表面[32]
另外,野外挂板实验表明,附着基的方向也是影响生物附着的重要因素,如双壳类、藤壶和苔藓虫青睐附着基下表面[33-34],而水螅则为垂直面[35]。本研究通过相似性分析检验可以看出,浮标侧壁和底部的生物群落存在显著差异(R=0.187,p=0.028),表明圆盘浮标底部更适宜大型生物栖息附着,毕竟附着基的方向不同可能会导致光照[36]、流速[37]和沉积物对生物影响[38]等状况发生变化,甚至影响幼虫补充[39]和食物的摄取[37],进而对大型附着生物群落结构产生影响。
海流不仅影响大型生物幼虫及孢子的输送,而且还会对生物摄食和附着产生影响[40-43],水体流经平面基质时会在其表面形成一个减速的薄层(边界层),而流过突出物体时则会出现水流加速现象[44],也许正是由于圆盘浮标侧壁和底部水流状况存在上述差异,进而导致两者大型附着生物的群落结构不同。另外,船首的生物附着量通常比船舯和船尾要少[45]及航速较低的船体生物污损更为严重[46],也应与此有关。再有,海藻自身的柔韧性使之能够顺着水流摆动,减小了水动力影响,故对其在浮标侧壁附着更为有利[47]
除了光照条件、水流状况和附着基方向,所处海域的温度[27]、pH值[48]、盐度[45]和附着基表面特性(如粗糙度、颜色和质地)[33,49]也应是影响大型附着生物群落结构特点的因素;另外,生物习性、繁殖特点及种间关系等因素在生物群落演替过程中同样起着关键作用[32,50-51]。基于人工设施上的大型附着生物来源于当地底栖或漂浮性种类及邻近水域生物群落[4],而且外来入侵种更易出现在人工设施上[18,52]。因此,通过对浮标大型附着生物群落展开研究,不仅便于了解相关海域的生物组成及动态变化状况,而且可为污损生物防除措施的制定提供科学依据。
  • 国家自然科学基金(41176102);广东省海洋和渔业发展专项(A201701C06);固体润滑国家重点实验室开放课题(LSL-1813)。
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2020年第42卷第6期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.06.010
  • 接收时间:2019-07-05
  • 首发时间:2026-03-26
  • 出版时间:2020-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2019-07-05
  • 修回日期:2019-10-10
基金
国家自然科学基金(41176102);广东省海洋和渔业发展专项(A201701C06);固体润滑国家重点实验室开放课题(LSL-1813)。
作者信息
    1 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 热带海洋生物资源与生态重点实验室,广东 广州 510301
    2 中国科学院大学,北京 100049
    3 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 固体润滑国家重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730000

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*严涛,男,博士,从事海洋污损生物与防除研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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