Article(id=1243955288643059765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1243955287984554037, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.06.008, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1577289600000, receivedDateStr=2019-12-26, revisedDate=1584892800000, revisedDateStr=2020-03-23, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774511652384, onlineDateStr=2026-03-26, pubDate=1593014400000, pubDateStr=2020-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774511652384, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774511652384, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774511652384, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1243955287984554037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2020', volume='42', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='126', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774511652227, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774511652227, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null}, startPage=62, endPage=69, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1243955290132037687, articleId=1243955288643059765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=Community characteristics of benthic shellfish in the coral reef of the Weizhou Island, Beibu Gulf, columnId=1243954927383462170, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Marine Biology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Coral reef is one of the most diverse ecosystem in the ocean, and benthic shellfish is an important component of this ecosystem. We used the SCUBA diving line intercept transect quantitative method to investigate the community status and characteristics of benthic shellfish in the coral reef area of Weizhou Island, Beibu Gulf, covered 6 sites. Sectional benthic shellfish were qualitatively and quantitatively collected in the fall (October 2015) and spring (May 2018). The species composition, abundance, biodiversity index and so on were analyzed. Based on the two survey results, 128 species of benthic shellfish were found in the coral reefs of Weizhou Island, belonging to 1 family, 1 genera, 3 species of Polyplacophora, and 25 families, 46 generas, 68 species of Gastropoda, and 22 families, 31 generas, 57 species of Bivalvia. Dominant species are Parahyotissa numisma, Beguina semiorbiculata, Thais echinata, Trochus maculatus, Euplica versicolor, Barbatia obliquata, Atrina verxillum, Cantharus cecillei, Cerithium dialeucum, Drupa margariticola. We recorded 2 class, 14 family, 43 species in quantitative transects in spring of 2018 and the total species, biomass, Shannon-Wiener index, Margalef index and Pielou index are 3.39 ind./m2, 86.94 g/m2, 3.31, 3.50 and 0.37. By comparing and analyzing the ecological indices of benthic shellfish in different years, the shellfish biomes in the coral reefs showed good succession development during 2015 to 2018. The shellfish community in the coral reef area of the South China Sea may be affected by both the intensity of anthropogenic disturbance and latitude. This study provided valueable data to rationally develop and utilize marine biological resources, biological protection and ecological restoration for the coral reef ecosystem in the Weizhou Island.

, correspAuthors=Kefu Yu, Haiyan Wang, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Haiyang Xuebao, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Wen Huang, Zheng Wen, Lisha Hu, Peizhen Ma, Mingben Xu, Xueyong Huang, Yonggang Wang, Yinghui Wang, Kefu Yu, Haiyan Wang), CN=ArticleExt(id=1243955290828292157, articleId=1243955288643059765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=北部湾涠洲岛珊瑚礁底栖贝类的群落特征, columnId=1243954927517679901, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=海洋生物, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

珊瑚礁是全球生物多样性最高的海洋生态系统之一,底栖贝类是该生态系统的重要组成类群。为了解北部湾涠洲岛珊瑚礁底栖贝类的群落现状及特征,于2015年秋季(10月)与2018年春季(5月)采用水肺潜水截线样条定量调查法对涠洲岛珊瑚礁区6个断面的底栖贝类进行了调查,并分析了物种组成、丰度、生物多样性指数等群落特征。综合两次调查结果显示涠洲岛珊瑚礁区共有底栖贝类128种,分别属于多板纲1科1属3种,腹足纲25科46属68种,双壳纲22科31属57种。优势种为斑顶拟舌骨牡蛎、粗衣蛤、刺荔枝螺、马蹄螺、杂色牙螺、青蚶、旗江珧、甲虫螺、蕾丝蟹守螺、珠母爱尔螺。2018年春季定量断面采集到的样品为2纲14科43种,各断面的丰度、生物量、多样性指数、物种丰度指数和均匀度指数均值分别为3.39个/m2、86.94 g/m2、3.31、3.50、0.37。通过对两年的调查数据比较,发现2015−2018年涠洲岛珊瑚礁区的贝类生物群落呈现良好演替发育趋势。南海珊瑚礁区贝类群落结构可能受到了人为干扰强度和纬度的双重影响。本研究全面掌握了涠洲岛珊瑚礁底栖贝类的种类、分布区及群落的结构与变化,可为该地区海洋生物资源开发利用、珊瑚礁保护和生态修复等工作提供数据支持。

, correspAuthors=余克服, 王海艳, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*余克服(1969-),男,湖北省公安市人,教授,博士,主要从事珊瑚礁地质、生态与环境的研究。E-mail:
王海艳(1973-),女,研究员,博士,主要从事贝类分类与系统演化研究。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《海洋学报》编辑部 2023, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=il1oRsHeno/kxbBVpr4kRw==, magXml=9La3+vYu2pHZBAgvWj5qqw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=rhudN5h7iboxxAWQU4/vrg==, pdfFileSize=7583980, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=1H1smYwIiXsfoiVVmlw6Ww==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=7iSKldepHKrnoFxLrr5dRg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

黄雯(1988-),男,湖南省郴州市人,博士,讲师,硕士生导师,主要从事珊瑚礁生态修复和珊瑚群体遗传学研究工作。E-mail:

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黄雯(1988-),男,湖南省郴州市人,博士,讲师,硕士生导师,主要从事珊瑚礁生态修复和珊瑚群体遗传学研究工作。E-mail:

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黄雯(1988-),男,湖南省郴州市人,博士,讲师,硕士生导师,主要从事珊瑚礁生态修复和珊瑚群体遗传学研究工作。E-mail:

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Evolvement and influential factors of coral community over past three decases in Weizhou Island Reef, Beibu Gulf[D]. 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A. Parahyotissa numisma; B. Barbatia obliquata; C. Beguina semiorbiculata; D. Trochus maculatus; E. Thais echinata; F. Atrina verxillum; G. Cerithium dialeucum; H. Drupa margariticola; I. Euplica versicolor. J. Cantharus cecillei

, figureFileSmall=XyQfgFJf5vzVAWZO7z8sKA==, figureFileBig=iz7dLh6887pY0C+LC1Qi0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246537950448739032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955288643059765, language=CN, label=图2, caption=涠洲岛珊瑚礁底栖贝类优势种

A.斑顶拟舌骨牡蛎;B. 青蚶;C. 粗衣蛤;D. 马蹄螺;E. 刺荔枝螺;F. 旗江珧;G. 蕾丝蟹守螺;H. 珠母爱尔螺;I. 杂色牙螺;J. 甲虫螺

, figureFileSmall=XyQfgFJf5vzVAWZO7z8sKA==, figureFileBig=iz7dLh6887pY0C+LC1Qi0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246537950557790940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955288643059765, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Shellfish species composition in the coral reef area of the Weizhou Island, Beibu Gulf

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物种数腹足纲Gastropoda双壳纲Bivalvia多板纲Polyplacophora
2015秋2018春2015秋2018春2015秋2018春2015秋2018春
  注:−表示无数据。
总调查断面55892747274012
定量调查断面W192842058
W213138855
W321261017119
W41486
W520137
W65114516
平均1218.76.511.85.56.8
), ArticleFig(id=1246537950658454241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955288643059765, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

北部湾涠洲岛珊瑚礁区域贝类物种组成

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物种数腹足纲Gastropoda双壳纲Bivalvia多板纲Polyplacophora
2015秋2018春2015秋2018春2015秋2018春2015秋2018春
  注:−表示无数据。
总调查断面55892747274012
定量调查断面W192842058
W213138855
W321261017119
W41486
W520137
W65114516
平均1218.76.511.85.56.8
), ArticleFig(id=1246537950826226408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955288643059765, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Ecological index of shellfish in each quantitative survey section

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
生物量/g·m−2丰度/个·m−2香农−威纳多样性指数皮洛均匀度指数马格列夫丰富度指数
2015秋2018春2015秋2018春2015秋2018春2015秋2018春2015秋2018春
  注:−表示无数据。
W122.14111.150.385.002.724.710.860.571.884.88
W292.75132.480.684.342.702.090.440.211.972.42
W3130.35116.480.755.263.214.370.730.413.214.48
W441.461.342.920.413.09
W532.952.923.650.463.81
W68.3587.130.281.482.132.110.920.141.042.32
均值63.4086.940.523.392.693.310.740.372.033.50
), ArticleFig(id=1246537950964638444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955288643059765, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

各定量调查断面的贝类的生态指数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
生物量/g·m−2丰度/个·m−2香农−威纳多样性指数皮洛均匀度指数马格列夫丰富度指数
2015秋2018春2015秋2018春2015秋2018春2015秋2018春2015秋2018春
  注:−表示无数据。
W122.14111.150.385.002.724.710.860.571.884.88
W292.75132.480.684.342.702.090.440.211.972.42
W3130.35116.480.755.263.214.370.730.413.214.48
W441.461.342.920.413.09
W532.952.923.650.463.81
W68.3587.130.281.482.132.110.920.141.042.32
均值63.4086.940.523.392.693.310.740.372.033.50
), ArticleFig(id=1246537951073690353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955288643059765, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

The contribution of dominant species to biomass

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
优势种优势度优势种对生物量的贡献度/%
W1W2W3W4W5W6均值
  注:−表示无数据。
2015秋斑顶拟舌骨牡蛎0.27422.8755.9586.6534.9850.11
粗衣蛤0.13865.3534.333.750.0025.86
刺荔枝螺0.1211.460.290.214.671.66
马蹄螺0.0360.000.000.4956.8614.34
杂色牙螺0.0280.000.000.190.000.05
青蚶0.0210.000.590.630.000.31
旗江珧0.0210.000.300.600.000.22
甲虫螺0.0210.000.020.010.000.01
2018春杂色牙螺0.0970.7942.8617.230.006.710.0011.00
蕾丝蟹守螺0.13930.438.2924.341.437.380.0011.98
珠母爱尔螺0.0682.7719.825.240.0012.082.707.10
刺荔枝螺0.1474.744.1516.8545.7122.1527.0320.11
斑顶拟舌骨牡蛎0.0544.747.831.122.861.3427.037.49
粗衣蛤0.0631.1810.598.248.575.374.055.95
), ArticleFig(id=1246537951203713781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955288643059765, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

优势种对生物量的贡献度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
优势种优势度优势种对生物量的贡献度/%
W1W2W3W4W5W6均值
  注:−表示无数据。
2015秋斑顶拟舌骨牡蛎0.27422.8755.9586.6534.9850.11
粗衣蛤0.13865.3534.333.750.0025.86
刺荔枝螺0.1211.460.290.214.671.66
马蹄螺0.0360.000.000.4956.8614.34
杂色牙螺0.0280.000.000.190.000.05
青蚶0.0210.000.590.630.000.31
旗江珧0.0210.000.300.600.000.22
甲虫螺0.0210.000.020.010.000.01
2018春杂色牙螺0.0970.7942.8617.230.006.710.0011.00
蕾丝蟹守螺0.13930.438.2924.341.437.380.0011.98
珠母爱尔螺0.0682.7719.825.240.0012.082.707.10
刺荔枝螺0.1474.744.1516.8545.7122.1527.0320.11
斑顶拟舌骨牡蛎0.0544.747.831.122.861.3427.037.49
粗衣蛤0.0631.1810.598.248.575.374.055.95
), ArticleFig(id=1246537951295988474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955288643059765, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Comparison of shellfish resources between Weizhou Island, Sanya, Zhubi Reef and Xisha coral reefs

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物种数丰度/个·m−2生物量/g·m−2
  注:−表示无数据。
涠洲岛(2018春)893.3986.94
三亚4070.8641.68
西沙珊瑚礁>100545029.2
渚碧礁130
), ArticleFig(id=1246537951388263165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243955288643059765, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

涠洲岛、三亚、渚碧礁和西沙珊瑚礁贝类资源状况对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物种数丰度/个·m−2生物量/g·m−2
  注:−表示无数据。
涠洲岛(2018春)893.3986.94
三亚4070.8641.68
西沙珊瑚礁>100545029.2
渚碧礁130
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北部湾涠洲岛珊瑚礁底栖贝类的群落特征
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黄雯 1, 2, 3 , 温铮 1, 2, 3 , 胡利莎 4 , 马培振 4 , 许铭本 1, 2, 3 , 黄学勇 1, 2, 3 , 王永刚 1, 2, 3 , 王英辉 1, 2, 3 , 余克服 1, 2, 3, * , 王海艳 4, *
海洋学报 | 海洋生物 2020,42(6): 62-69
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海洋学报 | 海洋生物 2020, 42(6): 62-69
北部湾涠洲岛珊瑚礁底栖贝类的群落特征
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黄雯1, 2, 3 , 温铮1, 2, 3, 胡利莎4, 马培振4, 许铭本1, 2, 3, 黄学勇1, 2, 3, 王永刚1, 2, 3, 王英辉1, 2, 3, 余克服1, 2, 3, * , 王海艳4, *
作者信息
  • 1 广西大学 海洋学院,广西 南宁 530004
  • 2 广西南海珊瑚礁研究重点实验室,广西 南宁 530004
  • 3 广西大学 珊瑚礁研究中心,广西 南宁 530004
  • 4 中国科学院海洋研究所,山东 青岛 266071
  • 黄雯(1988-),男,湖南省郴州市人,博士,讲师,硕士生导师,主要从事珊瑚礁生态修复和珊瑚群体遗传学研究工作。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*余克服(1969-),男,湖北省公安市人,教授,博士,主要从事珊瑚礁地质、生态与环境的研究。E-mail:
王海艳(1973-),女,研究员,博士,主要从事贝类分类与系统演化研究。E-mail:
Community characteristics of benthic shellfish in the coral reef of the Weizhou Island, Beibu Gulf
Wen Huang1, 2, 3 , Zheng Wen1, 2, 3, Lisha Hu4, Peizhen Ma4, Mingben Xu1, 2, 3, Xueyong Huang1, 2, 3, Yonggang Wang1, 2, 3, Yinghui Wang1, 2, 3, Kefu Yu1, 2, 3, * , Haiyan Wang4, *
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Oceanography, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
  • 2 Guangxi Laboratory of Coral Reef Research in the South China Sea, Nanning 530004, China
  • 3 Coral Reef Research Center, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
  • 4 Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
出版时间: 2020-06-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.06.008
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珊瑚礁是全球生物多样性最高的海洋生态系统之一,底栖贝类是该生态系统的重要组成类群。为了解北部湾涠洲岛珊瑚礁底栖贝类的群落现状及特征,于2015年秋季(10月)与2018年春季(5月)采用水肺潜水截线样条定量调查法对涠洲岛珊瑚礁区6个断面的底栖贝类进行了调查,并分析了物种组成、丰度、生物多样性指数等群落特征。综合两次调查结果显示涠洲岛珊瑚礁区共有底栖贝类128种,分别属于多板纲1科1属3种,腹足纲25科46属68种,双壳纲22科31属57种。优势种为斑顶拟舌骨牡蛎、粗衣蛤、刺荔枝螺、马蹄螺、杂色牙螺、青蚶、旗江珧、甲虫螺、蕾丝蟹守螺、珠母爱尔螺。2018年春季定量断面采集到的样品为2纲14科43种,各断面的丰度、生物量、多样性指数、物种丰度指数和均匀度指数均值分别为3.39个/m2、86.94 g/m2、3.31、3.50、0.37。通过对两年的调查数据比较,发现2015−2018年涠洲岛珊瑚礁区的贝类生物群落呈现良好演替发育趋势。南海珊瑚礁区贝类群落结构可能受到了人为干扰强度和纬度的双重影响。本研究全面掌握了涠洲岛珊瑚礁底栖贝类的种类、分布区及群落的结构与变化,可为该地区海洋生物资源开发利用、珊瑚礁保护和生态修复等工作提供数据支持。

涠洲岛  /  珊瑚礁  /  底栖贝类  /  生态指数

Coral reef is one of the most diverse ecosystem in the ocean, and benthic shellfish is an important component of this ecosystem. We used the SCUBA diving line intercept transect quantitative method to investigate the community status and characteristics of benthic shellfish in the coral reef area of Weizhou Island, Beibu Gulf, covered 6 sites. Sectional benthic shellfish were qualitatively and quantitatively collected in the fall (October 2015) and spring (May 2018). The species composition, abundance, biodiversity index and so on were analyzed. Based on the two survey results, 128 species of benthic shellfish were found in the coral reefs of Weizhou Island, belonging to 1 family, 1 genera, 3 species of Polyplacophora, and 25 families, 46 generas, 68 species of Gastropoda, and 22 families, 31 generas, 57 species of Bivalvia. Dominant species are Parahyotissa numisma, Beguina semiorbiculata, Thais echinata, Trochus maculatus, Euplica versicolor, Barbatia obliquata, Atrina verxillum, Cantharus cecillei, Cerithium dialeucum, Drupa margariticola. We recorded 2 class, 14 family, 43 species in quantitative transects in spring of 2018 and the total species, biomass, Shannon-Wiener index, Margalef index and Pielou index are 3.39 ind./m2, 86.94 g/m2, 3.31, 3.50 and 0.37. By comparing and analyzing the ecological indices of benthic shellfish in different years, the shellfish biomes in the coral reefs showed good succession development during 2015 to 2018. The shellfish community in the coral reef area of the South China Sea may be affected by both the intensity of anthropogenic disturbance and latitude. This study provided valueable data to rationally develop and utilize marine biological resources, biological protection and ecological restoration for the coral reef ecosystem in the Weizhou Island.

Weizhou Island  /  coral reef  /  benthic shellfish  /  ecological index
黄雯, 温铮, 胡利莎, 马培振, 许铭本, 黄学勇, 王永刚, 王英辉, 余克服, 王海艳. 北部湾涠洲岛珊瑚礁底栖贝类的群落特征. 海洋学报, 2020 , 42 (6) : 62 -69 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.06.008
Wen Huang, Zheng Wen, Lisha Hu, Peizhen Ma, Mingben Xu, Xueyong Huang, Yonggang Wang, Yinghui Wang, Kefu Yu, Haiyan Wang. Community characteristics of benthic shellfish in the coral reef of the Weizhou Island, Beibu Gulf[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2020 , 42 (6) : 62 -69 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.06.008
珊瑚礁是全球生态系统的重要组成部分,同时是全球生物多样性最高、资源最丰富的生态系统,被誉为“海洋中的热带雨林”[1]。近几十年来,在全球气候变暖和人类活动的双重压力下,全球珊瑚礁正在急剧的退化。据统计,全世界范围内已经有20%的珊瑚礁生态系统遭到彻底破坏,60%的珊瑚礁正处于退化中[2]。底栖贝类是珊瑚礁生物群落的重要组成部分之一,研究珊瑚礁区的底栖贝类群落特征及演替对于维持珊瑚礁生态系统的生态稳定与保护修复工作起到重要作用[3]
底栖贝类是世界上最重要的水产养殖对象之一,具有很高的经济价值[4];也是沿岸生态系统联结初级生产者和高级消费者的关键营养通道[5-6]。研究表明,珊瑚礁底栖贝类是珊瑚礁底栖动物生产力的主要贡献者,在珊瑚礁底栖食物网中扮演重要的角色[6-8]。但是,珊瑚礁区的底栖动物调查与潮间带、近岸泥沙质沉积相的底栖生物调查不同,需要通过水肺潜水的方式调查[9]。该方法难度较大,制约了相关研究工作的开展,但国际上仍有一些珊瑚礁底栖贝类的研究,如巴西东北部[10]、地中海[11]、红海北部的亚喀巴湾等[9]。国内鲜有珊瑚礁底栖贝类的研究报道[7-8, 12]:董栋等[8]调查三亚珊瑚礁大型底栖生物时,报道了40种珊瑚礁底栖贝类。李新正等[7]调查南沙群岛渚碧礁大型底栖动物时,报道了底栖贝类130种(腹足纲109种,双壳纲18种,其他软体动物3种),占大型底栖动物总种数的41.14%。王丽荣等[12]调查琼州海峡西口雷州半岛灯楼角岸礁潮间带珊瑚礁生物时报道了14科44种珊瑚礁贝类。北部湾也是我国珊瑚礁的重要分布区之一[13],但是目前尚未见相关的研究报道,相关工作亟需开展。
涠洲岛作为广西沿岸最大的岛屿,位于南海北部相对高纬度地区,处于世界珊瑚礁分布的北缘,是我国华南大陆沿岸珍贵的岸礁,其珊瑚礁在火山基岩上发育较好[14-15]。从20世纪80年代开始,人类活动对涠洲岛珊瑚礁生态系统造成的干扰日渐显著,该礁区生态环境出现衰退的迹象[16]。通过研究底栖贝类的生态指数,可进一步了解该地区珊瑚礁的资源现状以及生态系统的演变趋势。因此,为了解北部湾涠洲岛珊瑚礁底栖贝类的群落现状及变化趋势,本研究于2015年10月和2018年5月采用截线样条法对涠洲岛珊瑚礁区的底栖贝类进行了详细的调查,其结果可为海洋环境治理、海洋生物资源开发利用及生态修复和保护提供基础数据。
于2015年10月与2018年5月,采用截线样条调查法(《海洋调查规范(GB 17378.7−2007)》),以水肺潜水(SCUBA Diving)的方式对涠洲岛珊瑚礁区的底栖贝类群落进行调查。调查断面的布置如图1。参考涠洲岛海底地形及历史资料,在垂直海岸的方向上布设6条断面,在每个断面分别铺设1条100 m的样条(2~6 m水深),采集样条一侧1 m宽内(即采集样框面积为100 m2)的底栖贝类用于定量分析。此外,还在各个断面附近或者其他珊瑚礁区采集贝类样品用于定性分析。采集的贝类全部直接放入−20℃冰箱,带回实验室进行形态学分类鉴定[18],并用电子天平(精度为0.01 g)称其质量。
采用香农–威纳(Shannon-Wiener)生物多样性指数(H′)、皮洛(Pielou)均匀度指数(J)、马格列夫(Margalef)物种丰富度指数(d)、优势度(Y)等指数对底栖贝类的群落结构特征进行科学评价。
H′=-∑Pilog2Pi.
J=H′/Hmax.
d=(S−1)/lnN.
Y=(ni/Nfi.
公式中,S为样品中的种类总数,Pi为第i种的个体数(ni) 与总个体数(N) 的比值。Hmax=log2S,表示多样性指数的最大值;fi为种i在各断面的出现频率。
2015年秋季(10月)和2018年春季(5月)调查共采集底栖贝类128种,隶属于3纲48科78属,其中多板纲1科1属3种,腹足纲25科46属68种,双壳纲22科31属57种。如表1所示,2015年秋季共采集到3纲24科55种底栖贝类。定量断面采集到的样品为2纲13科27种,物种数最多的W3断面采集到21种,采集到个数最多的为斑顶拟舌骨牡蛎(Parahyotissa numisma);其次为W2断面和W1断面,分别有13种和9种,个数最多的均为粗衣蛤(Beguina semiorbiculata);物种数最少的为W6断面,仅5种,W6断面中个数最多的为刺荔枝螺(Mancinella echinata)。
2018年春季采样所得样品,经形态学分类鉴定共有3纲32科89种,其中多板纲1科2种,腹足纲13科47种,双壳纲18科40种。定量断面采集到的样品为2纲14科43种,物种数最多的W1断面采集到28种,采集到个数最多的为蕾丝蟹守螺(Cerithium dialeucum);物种数最少的为W6断面,仅11种,W6断面中个数最多的为刺荔枝螺(表1)。综合两次采样情况,可见在北部湾涠洲岛珊瑚礁底栖贝类中腹足纲和双壳纲贝类占主导地位,2015年秋季样品中两者均占总种数的49.1%,多板纲仅1种,占总种数的1.8%。2018年春季样品中,腹足纲贝类占总数的52.8%,双壳纲占44.9%,多板纲占2.2%。
表2可以看出,2015年秋季调查断面丰度和生物量最高的均为W3断面,分别达0.75个/m2和130.35 g/m2,最低均为W6断面,仅分别为0.28个/m2和8.35 g/m2。2018年调查断面生物量最高的为W2断面,为132.48 g/m2,丰度最高为W3断面,达到5.26个/m2。根据所采到样品中各种类的密度及出现频率的大小,以优势度指数 Y大于0.02 为判别标准(表3),得到2015年秋涠洲岛贝类的优势种为斑顶拟舌骨牡蛎、粗衣蛤、刺荔枝螺、马蹄螺(Trochus maculatus)、杂色牙螺( Euplica versicolor)、青蚶(Barbatia obliquata)、旗江珧(Atrina verxillum)、甲虫螺(Cantharus cecillei);2018年春涠洲岛贝类的优势种为杂色牙螺、蕾丝蟹守螺、珠母爱尔螺(Drupa margariticola)、刺荔枝螺、斑顶拟舌骨牡蛎、粗衣蛤;其中斑顶拟舌骨牡蛎、刺荔枝螺、粗衣蛤和杂色牙螺在春秋两季都是优势种(图2)。2018年各断面的H′平均值、d平均值、生物量平均值分别为3.31、3.39个/m2、86.94 g/m2,2015年其各项指数均值分别为2.69、0.52个/m2、63.40 g/m2。其中2018年的H′、d及生物量均高于2015年,表明2018年所调查的珊瑚礁区的底栖贝类种类比2015年更丰富。
从优势物种对生物量的贡献度来看(表3),在2015年秋季调查中,斑顶拟舌骨牡蛎在W3断面的贡献度达到86.65%,在W1断面中最低,为22.87%,在各断面的平均贡献度为50.11%;粗衣蛤在W1断面的贡献度达到65.35%;刺荔枝螺在W6断面的贡献度达到4.67%;马蹄螺在W6断面的贡献度达56.68%;在2018年春季调查中,杂色牙螺在W2断面的贡献度达到42.86%;蕾丝蟹守螺在W1断面的贡献度达到30.43%;珠母爱尔螺在W2断面的贡献度达到19.82%;刺荔枝螺在W4断面的贡献度达到45.71%;斑顶拟舌骨牡蛎在W6断面的贡献度达到27.03%;粗衣蛤在W2断面的贡献度达到10.59%。
综合两次调查采样显示涠洲岛珊瑚礁底栖贝类128种,包括多板纲1科1属3种,腹足纲25科46属68种,双壳纲22科31属57种,优势种为斑顶拟舌骨牡蛎、粗衣蛤、刺荔枝螺、马蹄螺、杂色牙螺、青蚶、旗江珧、甲虫螺、蕾丝蟹守螺、珠母爱尔螺(图2)。经济价值较高的贝类有11种,分别是马蹄螺、布纹蚶(Barbatia grayana)、青蚶、栉江珧(Atrina pectinata)、旗江珧、二色裂江珧(Pinna biocolor)、紫裂江珧(Pinna atropurpurea)、珠母贝(Pinctada margaritifera)、合浦珠母贝(Pinctada martensii)、斑顶拟舌骨牡蛎、粗衣蛤。其中,栉江珧、二色裂江珧、紫裂江珧、珠母贝、合浦珠母贝6种经济种都仅在定性样品中收集到,其种群量很小,种质资源趋于衰退。马蹄螺、旗江珧、布纹蚶、斑顶拟舌骨牡蛎、粗衣蛤5种贝类在3条定量断面均有分布,是各定量断面生物量的主要贡献者,具有一定的生物量,并且可能成为附近种质衰退海域的补给源,对于种质资源的保护具有重要意义。据2004年《中国物种红色名录》,广西沿海潮间带濒危等级种类主要有二色裂江珧 、旗江珧。本次调查还在涠洲岛首次发现有国家二级保护动物虎斑宝贝(Cypraea tigris)。裸腮目的海兔和海牛为涠洲岛珊瑚礁特色的贝类物种,本次调查发现8种。
本研究在国内首次采用水肺潜水、截线样条定量采集方法,对北部湾涠洲岛珊瑚礁贝类进行详细的底栖贝类群落特征调查。每个站位包含2个采样框,每个采集样框面积高达100 m2。其他的几篇报道都是在调查大型底栖动物的基础上涉及了贝类,其采样框面积均小于0.25 m2[7-8, 12]。虽然调查方法和采样强度略有不同,但渚碧礁和三亚的两篇文献[7-8]都在采样点附近收集了一些定性样本,做了一些补充,与本文采取的调查方法相近。下面将与文献[7-8]进行比较讨论。将2018年采集到的珊瑚礁底栖贝类与南海已有数据进行对比,结果如表4所示,涠洲岛珊瑚礁贝类物种数小于西沙和南沙渚碧礁,但远大于三亚;丰度远小于三亚和西沙;生物量远小于西沙,远大于三亚。近30年来我国珊瑚礁在迅速的退化,尤其是近岸珊瑚礁,退化了80%以上[2]。我国近岸珊瑚退化的主要原因并不是全球变暖和海洋酸化,而是持续的过度捕捞、污染、海岸开发、旅游等人类活动造成的[19]。贝类具有较好的经济价值,是珊瑚礁中渔业捕捞的重要对象,近岸地区人口密度大,对近岸珊瑚礁的休闲娱乐和食物供给需求大。涠洲岛和三亚的珊瑚礁属于近岸珊瑚礁,是国内著名的旅游区;而西沙珊瑚礁和渚碧礁属于远岸珊瑚礁,交通不便人烟稀少,加上国家的管控,受到的人为干扰较少。另外,西沙珊瑚礁和渚碧礁都处于低纬度,珊瑚礁的发育状况、珊瑚及其礁栖生物多样性都比相对高纬度的涠洲岛和三亚高很多[13]。因此,远岸、低纬度的西沙珊瑚礁和渚碧礁贝类物种数和生物量都远大于近岸、相对高纬度的三亚和涠洲岛,由此说明南海珊瑚礁及其群落应该是受到了人为活动和纬度的双重影响。然而,同为近岸珊瑚礁,相对高纬度的涠洲岛贝类与三亚珊瑚礁相比物种数为三亚的2倍而生物量相当。虽然涠洲岛近些年旅游快速发展,也受到过度捕捞等人为活动的威胁,其交通便利度、知名度和客流量等各方面远不及三亚[20]。三亚作为港口城市有三亚港,且兴建了沃尔沃环球帆船赛码头,受陆源污染物和人类生产活动的影响更大[8]。因此,更加强烈的人为干扰程度导致了三亚珊瑚礁贝类的物种数和生物量较少和明显的小型化(表现为丰度大而生物量较小,以小个体的石蛏等为优势种)。
将两次采集到的珊瑚礁底栖贝类数据进行对比,发现涠洲岛珊瑚礁区域在2015−2018年,物种数有了较大的提高,2018年春季的物种数约为2015年秋季物种数的1.5倍(表1),单位面积中丰度约为2015年秋季的6倍(表2)。虽然物种数和丰度都有较大的提高,但是单位面积中,生物量的涨幅不算大(表2),说明主要以个体较小的(如杂色牙螺)贝类为主。从数据结果来看,珊瑚礁底栖贝类的群落受季节与断面生境共同影响,春季(5月)物种数量更多,群落结构更复杂,秋季(10月)与春季(5月)群落结构演替现象明显。柯盛等[21]认为春季受温度较低、光照强度较弱等因素影响,生物量较低。秋季底层水温、盐度适合贝类的繁殖及幼体附着,导致丰度极高。但根据调查显示,2018年春季调查的各类群生态参数基本大于2015年秋季,其可能受两个因素的影响:一是2015年秋季调查站位较少,如果增加采样量应该能够增加一些实际物种数量;二是涠洲岛具有远离大陆,四周被海水包围,生态系统脆弱的特点,岛上居民主要以旅游业与捕捞业为主[22]。涠洲岛作为著名旅游岛,上岛游客每年都在持续增加,2016年登岛游客达到了创纪录的88.39万人次[23]。游客接待量与近海捕捞量在夏季末达到高峰,南湾附近海域有船舶停靠和输运,存在过度捕捞现象[24]。表明此地区生态系统脆弱,底栖贝类受人为活动影响较大。而2018年出台的《北海市涠洲岛生态环境保护条例》对涠洲岛生态环境的保护起到重要作用[25]。2015年涠洲岛平均珊瑚覆盖率为6.02%,2018年增长为7.95%,表明此地区的珊瑚礁区生态环境在逐年转好,这也是底栖贝类物种数丰富的重要原因之一[26]
在2015年采样数据中,对丰度贡献度较大的刺荔枝螺,其个体很小,对生物量的贡献度极小,即使在以它为优势种的W6断面,其对生物量的贡献度也仅为4.67%。杂色牙螺、甲虫螺也和刺荔枝螺一样,它们个体很小,对生物量的贡献极小。由于双壳类的个体较大,其对生物量的贡献度占主导地位。而在2018年采样数据中,杂色牙螺与刺荔枝螺等分别在W2与W4中作为优势种且生物量有较大的贡献,说明它们数量多,而对生物量贡献度较大的双壳类较少。
本研究采用水肺潜水截线样条定量调查法对北部湾涠洲岛珊瑚礁底栖贝类的群落现状及特征进行了调查与分析,共采集到珊瑚礁底栖贝类128种,优势种为斑顶拟舌骨牡蛎、粗衣蛤、刺荔枝螺、马蹄螺、杂色牙螺、青蚶、旗江珧、甲虫螺、蕾丝蟹守螺、珠母爱尔螺。通过对2015年秋季(10月)与2018年春季(5月)的调查数据比较,发现2015−2018年涠洲岛珊瑚礁区的贝类生物群落呈现良好演替发育趋势。南海珊瑚礁区贝类群落结构可能受到了人为干扰强度和纬度的双重影响。全面掌握了该地区底栖贝类的种类、分布区及群落的结构与变化,可为涠洲岛珊瑚礁区海洋生物资源开发利用、珊瑚礁保护和生态修复等工作提供数据支持。
致谢:感谢广西大学海洋学院骆雯雯同学在样品采集方面的帮助,广西海洋研究院刘昕明工程师在裸腮目贝类鉴定方面提供的帮助。
  • 广西重大专项(桂科AA17204074);广西重点研发计划(桂科AB17129022);国家自然科学基金(41866006、41566003);广西自然科学基金(2017GXNSFAA198196)。
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2020年第42卷第6期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.06.008
  • 接收时间:2019-12-26
  • 首发时间:2026-03-26
  • 出版时间:2020-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2019-12-26
  • 修回日期:2020-03-23
基金
广西重大专项(桂科AA17204074);广西重点研发计划(桂科AB17129022);国家自然科学基金(41866006、41566003);广西自然科学基金(2017GXNSFAA198196)。
作者信息
    1 广西大学 海洋学院,广西 南宁 530004
    2 广西南海珊瑚礁研究重点实验室,广西 南宁 530004
    3 广西大学 珊瑚礁研究中心,广西 南宁 530004
    4 中国科学院海洋研究所,山东 青岛 266071

通讯作者:

*余克服(1969-),男,湖北省公安市人,教授,博士,主要从事珊瑚礁地质、生态与环境的研究。E-mail:
王海艳(1973-),女,研究员,博士,主要从事贝类分类与系统演化研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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