Article(id=1243954932722806939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1243954925370196248, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.04.014, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1557244800000, receivedDateStr=2019-05-08, revisedDate=1559750400000, revisedDateStr=2019-06-06, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774511567525, onlineDateStr=2026-03-26, pubDate=1587744000000, pubDateStr=2020-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774511567525, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774511567525, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774511567525, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1243954925370196248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2020', volume='42', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='136', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774511565773, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774511565773, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null}, startPage=122, endPage=127, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1243954933079322792, articleId=1243954932722806939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=The distribution of water age and its effect on jellyfish abundance in Hongyanhe Nuclear Power Plant in autumn, columnId=1243954928637559095, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Marine Chemistry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this study, the activity range and distribution patterns of radium and radon isotopes in the coast sea of the Hongyanhe Nuclear Power Plant were investigated in autumn, 2017. The water ages were calculated by "Apparent Radium Age Model", which distribution was then used to assess the major direction of water transport in the study area. We also discussed the relationship between jellyfish abundance distribution and water transport direction. The results indicate that: (1) the activity ranges of 224Ra, 226Ra and 222Rn were 2.9−62.4 dpm/(100 L), 11.9−57.4 dpm/(100 L), and 0.1−1.3 dpm/L in the study area in autumn, respectively. (2) Based on the “Apparent Radium Age Model”, the so-calculated water ages were ranged from 0 to 16 d, with an average of (10.9±3.6) d. The major water transport direction was towards northeast with the velocity of 7.2 cm/s. (3) There was clear correlation between the distribution of jellyfish abundance and the major water transport direction. The higher jellyfish abundance was found in main water transport direction with older water ages.

, correspAuthors=Xiaojie Zhang, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Haiyang Xuebao, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Minzhi Qiu, Wei Su, Qingzhen Yao, Yantao Wang, Guangyue Zhang, Bochao Xu, Xiaojie Zhang), CN=ArticleExt(id=1243954934580883710, articleId=1243954932722806939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=秋季红沿河核电站海域水龄分布及其对水母丰度分布的影响, columnId=1243954928834691394, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=海洋化学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究调查了秋季红沿河核电站海域镭、氡同位素的活度水平及分布情况,结合镭同位素表观年龄模型计算该海域的水体年龄,进而得出研究区域的水体运移方向,初步探讨了水母丰度分布与水体运移的相关关系。得到结论如下:(1)红沿河核电站海域表层水体中224Ra、226Ra及222Rn的活度水平分别为2.9~62.4 dpm/(100 L),11.9~57.4 dpm/(100 L)及0.1~1.3 dpm/L,镭同位素活度呈现出近岸高、远岸低的分布趋势,氡同位素的分布则更大程度上受水温控制;(2)通过224Ra/226Ra表观年龄模型计算得出红沿河海域表层水体年龄范围介于0~16 d,平均年龄(10.9±3.6) d,水体主体流向为北偏东方向,流速为7.2 cm/s;(3)水母丰度分布与水体流向呈现出较为一致的对应关系,在主体流向方向上,水体年龄较大的海域水母丰度最高。

, correspAuthors=张晓洁, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*张晓洁,助理实验师,主要从事同位素海洋学研究。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《海洋学报》编辑部 2023, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=ql9NgZXRarF8T2YITWETaw==, magXml=2YSNDizjJhUSDKPbs8LFrw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=5BFczEJnvMXpsgzZIycALA==, pdfFileSize=1793871, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=P8dP1F2SWkHc3HjoxdFf+w==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=lsz9Ci1/hfkcDmlk0sm0+Q==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

邱敏志(1994-),男,山东省临沂市人,研究方向为同位素海洋学。E-mail:

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邱敏志(1994-),男,山东省临沂市人,研究方向为同位素海洋学。E-mail:

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Long-term changes and interrelations of annual variations of the hydrographical and meteorological parameters of the Bohai Sea during recent 30 years[J]. 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The red point is the location of Hongyanhe Nuclear Power Plant

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红色标注点为红沿河核电站位置

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秋季红沿河核电站海域水龄分布及其对水母丰度分布的影响
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邱敏志 1, 2, 3 , 苏薇 3 , 姚庆祯 1, 2, 3 , 王彦涛 4 , 张广跃 5 , 许博超 1, 2, 3 , 张晓洁 1, 2, 3, *
海洋学报 | 海洋化学 2020,42(4): 122-127
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海洋学报 | 海洋化学 2020, 42(4): 122-127
秋季红沿河核电站海域水龄分布及其对水母丰度分布的影响
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邱敏志1, 2, 3 , 苏薇3, 姚庆祯1, 2, 3, 王彦涛4, 张广跃5, 许博超1, 2, 3, 张晓洁1, 2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1 中国海洋大学 海洋化学理论与工程技术教育部重点实验室,山东 青岛 266100
  • 2 青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室 海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室,山东 青岛 266071
  • 3 中国海洋大学 化学化工学院,山东 青岛 266100
  • 4 中国科学院 海洋研究所 海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室,山东 青岛 266071
  • 5 天津大学 海洋科学与技术学院,天津 300072
  • 邱敏志(1994-),男,山东省临沂市人,研究方向为同位素海洋学。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*张晓洁,助理实验师,主要从事同位素海洋学研究。E-mail:
The distribution of water age and its effect on jellyfish abundance in Hongyanhe Nuclear Power Plant in autumn
Minzhi Qiu1, 2, 3 , Wei Su3, Qingzhen Yao1, 2, 3, Yantao Wang4, Guangyue Zhang5, Bochao Xu1, 2, 3, Xiaojie Zhang1, 2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
  • 2 Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China
  • 3 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
  • 4 Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology & Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
  • 5 School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
出版时间: 2020-04-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.04.014
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本研究调查了秋季红沿河核电站海域镭、氡同位素的活度水平及分布情况,结合镭同位素表观年龄模型计算该海域的水体年龄,进而得出研究区域的水体运移方向,初步探讨了水母丰度分布与水体运移的相关关系。得到结论如下:(1)红沿河核电站海域表层水体中224Ra、226Ra及222Rn的活度水平分别为2.9~62.4 dpm/(100 L),11.9~57.4 dpm/(100 L)及0.1~1.3 dpm/L,镭同位素活度呈现出近岸高、远岸低的分布趋势,氡同位素的分布则更大程度上受水温控制;(2)通过224Ra/226Ra表观年龄模型计算得出红沿河海域表层水体年龄范围介于0~16 d,平均年龄(10.9±3.6) d,水体主体流向为北偏东方向,流速为7.2 cm/s;(3)水母丰度分布与水体流向呈现出较为一致的对应关系,在主体流向方向上,水体年龄较大的海域水母丰度最高。

红沿河  /  核电站  /  镭同位素  /  氡同位素  /  水体年龄  /  水母丰度

In this study, the activity range and distribution patterns of radium and radon isotopes in the coast sea of the Hongyanhe Nuclear Power Plant were investigated in autumn, 2017. The water ages were calculated by "Apparent Radium Age Model", which distribution was then used to assess the major direction of water transport in the study area. We also discussed the relationship between jellyfish abundance distribution and water transport direction. The results indicate that: (1) the activity ranges of 224Ra, 226Ra and 222Rn were 2.9−62.4 dpm/(100 L), 11.9−57.4 dpm/(100 L), and 0.1−1.3 dpm/L in the study area in autumn, respectively. (2) Based on the “Apparent Radium Age Model”, the so-calculated water ages were ranged from 0 to 16 d, with an average of (10.9±3.6) d. The major water transport direction was towards northeast with the velocity of 7.2 cm/s. (3) There was clear correlation between the distribution of jellyfish abundance and the major water transport direction. The higher jellyfish abundance was found in main water transport direction with older water ages.

Hongyanhe  /  nuclear power plant  /  radium isotope  /  radon isotope  /  water age  /  jellyfish abundance
邱敏志, 苏薇, 姚庆祯, 王彦涛, 张广跃, 许博超, 张晓洁. 秋季红沿河核电站海域水龄分布及其对水母丰度分布的影响. 海洋学报, 2020 , 42 (4) : 122 -127 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.04.014
Minzhi Qiu, Wei Su, Qingzhen Yao, Yantao Wang, Guangyue Zhang, Bochao Xu, Xiaojie Zhang. The distribution of water age and its effect on jellyfish abundance in Hongyanhe Nuclear Power Plant in autumn[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2020 , 42 (4) : 122 -127 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.04.014
自然界中存在4种天然镭同位素,分别是223Ra、224Ra、226Ra和228Ra,其半衰期分别为11.4 d、3.66 d、1 600 a和5.75 a。镭同位素特殊的地球化学行为和同位素间各异的半衰期特性给研究不同时间尺度的海洋学过程提供了良好的示踪工具[1]223Ra和224Ra的半衰期较短,是量化几天到几周时间尺度上近海水体运移过程的理想同位素,近些年来越来越多地受到滨岸海洋工作者的青睐[2-6]222Rn(半衰期为3.83 d)是226Ra经α衰变产生的放射性气体,在水气交换和地下水排放等示踪研究中有着重要的作用[7-8]
在全球气候变化和人类活动的双重影响下,海洋生态系统的结构和功能正发生着显著的变化。近年来,海洋生态灾害发生的频率与种类不断增加,除赤潮、绿潮等生态灾害之外,水母暴发也已经成为全球范围内的一种新型海洋生态灾害[9]。大型水母灾害性暴发导致了近海渔业资源减少,影响沿海工业(例如堵塞核电站循环水系统等)发展,危害滨海旅游业(例如蛰死、蛰伤游客)等。水母灾害的频发已经严重威胁了海洋生态系统的服务功能,也为我国近海生态系统的健康状况敲响了警钟[10-12]
水母体本身游动能力较弱,大多随海流的运动方向迁移[13],因此水体主体流向对水母迁移路线的影响非常重要。截至目前,国内外诸多科学家大多采用数值模拟的方法对水母漂移路径进行溯源追踪,以分析影响水母漂移和聚集的因素。Yin等[14]利用数值模型研究发现海流运动是控制水母运移的主要因素。罗晓凡等[15]利用普林斯顿海洋模型(POM)指出潮汐是水母漂移路径研究中不可忽略的因素,因此对考虑潮汐运动过程的海洋模式进行质点追踪,进而得出水母漂移路径的结论将更为可靠。Johnson等[16-17]利用环流模型对墨西哥湾内的五卷须金黄刺水母的路径进行追踪,发现湾内环流的季节变化对水母的丰度和分布产生了重要的影响。
红沿河核电站位于辽宁瓦房店市红沿河镇,是国家“十一五”期间首个批准建设的、具有4台百万千瓦级核电机组的核电项目[18]。2013年,红沿河核电站邻近海域发生水母暴发灾害现象,冷却水取水口出现大量水母聚集,严重影响了核电站的正常运营[9]。为理解该海域水母分布与水动力的关系,本文拟采用镭同位素表观年龄模型量化红沿河核电站海域表层水体年龄,继而分析研究区域内水体的主体流向,进一步结合水母丰度的分布结果,探索利用镭同位素示踪技术追溯水母漂移路径的可行性,以期能为典型区域水母灾害发生发展机制研究提供基础数据。
2017年9月10日至20日,搭载“辽盘渔”号于大连市瓦房店区红沿河核电站附近海域开展调查取样,共设24个采样站位(图1)。辽宁红沿河核电厂位于辽东半岛中南部西侧海岸,地处抗冲蚀性的坚硬基岩之上。核电站以北沿岸多为冲蚀陡坡,小部分为沙滩;核电站以南多为岸边海蚀崖和海蚀柱[19]
镭同位素:用潜水泵采集表层海水80 L,以小于2 L/min的流速通过约20 g锰纤维以富集水体中的镭同位素。回到实验室后,用无镭水清洗锰纤维上附着的颗粒物及盐分,并将水分与锰纤维干质量比例调至1∶1(即样品总质量为40 g)。以镭同步延时计数器(Radium Delayed Coincidence Counter,RaDeCC)测定224Ra和226Ra的活度,测定误差小于±10%。具体测定方法及注意事项详见文献[120]。
氡同位素:用吸水泵吸取水面以下0.5 m处水体,用RAD7-AQUA技术测定水体中氡同位素[21]。通过对水体温度和盐度的校正,将仪器测定的气体中的氡同位素活度转化为水体中氡的活度[22]。测定不确定度由仪器统计计数产生的偏差(±1σ)确定。
水母丰度:利用水母网锚流网法采集水母,现场记录各个站位水母种类、个数等数据。
其他:采用多参数水质仪(RBR,XR-620)现场测定水体的温度和盐度。
本研究采用镭同位素表观年龄模型来计算水体年龄。表观年龄指的是镭同位素离开镭源进入水体后,在随水体运移过程中所经历的时间[23],计算公式如下:
$t = {\rm{ln}}\left[ {{{\left( {\rm{R}{\rm{a}_{{\rm{short}}}}/R{a_{{\rm{long}}}}} \right)}_{{\rm{obs}}}}/{{\left( {\rm{R}{\rm{a}_{{\rm{short}}}}/R{a_{{\rm{long}}}}} \right)}_{\rm{i}}}} \right]/\left( {{{\lambda}_{{\rm{long}}}} - {\lambda_{{\rm{short}}}}} \right),$
式中,t为水体表观年龄,单位为d。(Rashort/Ralongobs代表观测点处水体中短半衰期镭同位素浓度与长半衰期镭同位素浓度的比值。(Rashort/Ralongi代表镭源处短半衰期镭同位素浓度与长半衰期镭同位素浓度的比值。λlongλshort分别表示长、短半衰期镭同位素的衰变常数。
2017年9月,红沿河核电站海域水体温度变化范围为23.4~25.1℃,其中A1站位温度最高,为25.1℃。盐度波动范围为31.5~31.9,变化幅度并不明显,其中B3站位盐度最高,为31.9。除个别站位以外,研究海域总体呈现出近岸水体温度、盐度较高,远岸水体温度、盐度较低的分布趋势(图2)。温盐的高值区域位于红沿河核电站附近,推测这可能与核电站冷却水的排放有关。
2017年9月,红沿河核电站海域内224Ra的活度范围为2.9~62.4 dpm/(100 L),平均值为(39.6±18.0)dpm/(100 L)(n=15),其中E5站位224Ra活度最高,为62.4 dpm/(100 L)(图3a)。226Ra的活度范围为11.9~57.4 dpm/(100 L),平均值为(40.5±13.0) dpm/(100 L)(n=15),其中A4站位226Ra活度最高,为57.4 dpm/(100 L)(图3b)。由图3a图3b可见,以E断面为界,E断面以北海域两种镭同位素活度较高,以南海域两种镭同位素活度较低。镭同位素的母体为沉积物中的钍同位素,当遇咸水环境时,镭同位素会从沉积物中解吸进入海水。E断面以北海域水深较浅,沉积物对水体影响程度较为明显,因此北部海区的镭同位素活度较高。而E断面以南海域水深较深,底部沉积物母体释放的镭同位素对水体扰动影响程度减小,且外海水稀释作用相对增强,故呈现出该海域镭同位素活度较低的分布情况。
图3c所示,222Rn的活度变化范围为0.1~1.3 dpm/L,平均值为(0.9±0.4)dpm/L,其中222Rn活度高值点在D1站位附近,活度最低值在距离核电站最近的D4站位附近。以D断面为界,南部海域表层水体温度平均值为(24.1±0.3)℃(n=7),相应区域222Rn的活度平均值为(1.1±0.2)dpm/L(n=7);北部海域表层水体温度平均值为(24.5±0.3)℃(n=11),相应区域222Rn的活度平均值为(0.8±0.2)dpm/L(n=11)。北部海域水体温度低于南部海域,而溶解222Rn活度高于南部海域,推测原因是由于222Rn为一种放射性气体,温度是影响水体中气体溶解度的一项重要因素,温度的升高会导致222Rn溶解度的降低,同时还会加快222Rn的逸散损失,故北部海域溶解222Rn活度高于南部海域。
为量化红沿河核电站海域水体运移过程,本文通过224Ra/226Ra比值对镭同位素“表观年龄模型”进行计算,以224Ra/226Ra比值最大的E5站位作为参考镭源,以研究区域中226Ra活度最低值作为外海水中226Ra的本底浓度。由此计算得出红沿河核电站海域表层水体年龄变化范围为0~16 d,平均年龄(10.9±3.6) d(n=14)。表层水龄的分布特征如图4所示。由图可见,2017年秋季核电站海域水体经过约一周时间即可到达北部的A断面海域,但是到达距离相对更近的南部的F断面海域却需要12天左右的时间。由此可见,秋季红沿河核电站海域的水体主体流向为北偏东方向。前人利用模型模拟研究发现,渤海辽东湾海域常年存在一个逆时针的大环流,该结论与本文研究结果较为一致[24-25]
根据红沿河核电站海域水体的主体流向,A2站位的水龄最大(t=10.5 d),其与年龄参考点E5站位之间的直线距离约为65 km,由此计算得出主体流向上的水体流速约为7.2 cm/s,该方法给出的流速为综合了潮汐、流场等各种水动力影响后的表观水体运移速率。毕聪聪[25]利用数值模型模拟的渤海湾东北部沿岸水体运移速率基本在5 cm/s以上,与本研究的量化结果较为吻合。
秋季红沿河核电站海域水体中水母的优势种为水母。如图5所示,不同站位之间的水母丰度变化比较大,其中最大丰度值出现在A2站位。结合前文对该海域水体主体运移动力的结果可以看出,水母丰度峰值区域即为海域水体主体流向上水龄最大的区域(A2站位)。由于水母本身的自主游动能力较弱,大多随水体的运动方向迁移,另外9月份为水母的消亡期,部分水母已经死亡、肢体裂解,因此处于该时期的水母体自助运动更加微弱,故推测由于该海域主体水运移为北偏东方向,水母即随着水体流向逐渐被汇集到A2站位。
水流的方向很大程度上影响了水母的分布和聚集,在日渐频发的水母灾害现状下,如何掌握水母漂移的轨迹和方向,将是未来解决生态问题的重点[9]。镭同位素示踪水体运移为研究水母漂移和聚集提供了新的思路,为在部分敏感、重点海域有针对性地建立相应的预警机制及设施提供了科学参考。
本研究聚焦于红沿河核电站海域水体中镭、氡同位素活度分布特征,继而探讨了镭同位素示踪的水运移对水母丰度分布的影响。发现红沿河核电站海域表层水体中224Ra、226Ra及222Rn的活度均值分别为(39.6±18.0)dpm/(100 L)(n=15)、(40.5±13.0)dpm/(100 L)(n=15)及(0.9±0.4)dpm/L(n=24)。镭同位素呈现近岸高远岸低、北部高南部低的分布趋势,氡同位素的分布则更大程度上受到水温的影响。通过镭同位素表观年龄模型计算得出红沿河海域表层水体年龄为0~16 d,水体主体流向偏东北方向,流速为7.2 cm/s。结合水母丰度分布与水体主体流向结果,发现在水体的主体流向上,水体年龄最大站位的水母丰度最高,表明水动力对海域水母的迁移具有重要影响。
致谢:感谢中国科学院海洋研究所李超伦研究员课题组提供研究海域沙海蜇丰度数据,谨致谢忱。
  • 国家重点基础研究发展计划(2017YFC1404402);鳌山科技创新计划项目(2016ASKJ02-4);国家自然科学基金(41576075,41620104001);中国博士后科学基金(2015M582479)。
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2020年第42卷第4期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.04.014
  • 接收时间:2019-05-08
  • 首发时间:2026-03-26
  • 出版时间:2020-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2019-05-08
  • 修回日期:2019-06-06
基金
国家重点基础研究发展计划(2017YFC1404402);鳌山科技创新计划项目(2016ASKJ02-4);国家自然科学基金(41576075,41620104001);中国博士后科学基金(2015M582479)。
作者信息
    1 中国海洋大学 海洋化学理论与工程技术教育部重点实验室,山东 青岛 266100
    2 青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室 海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室,山东 青岛 266071
    3 中国海洋大学 化学化工学院,山东 青岛 266100
    4 中国科学院 海洋研究所 海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室,山东 青岛 266071
    5 天津大学 海洋科学与技术学院,天津 300072

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*张晓洁,助理实验师,主要从事同位素海洋学研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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