Article(id=1243954927995830563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1243954925370196248, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.04.015, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1561564800000, receivedDateStr=2019-06-27, revisedDate=1568563200000, revisedDateStr=2019-09-16, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774511566399, onlineDateStr=2026-03-26, pubDate=1587744000000, pubDateStr=2020-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774511566399, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774511566399, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774511566399, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1243954925370196248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2020', volume='42', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='136', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774511565773, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774511565773, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null}, startPage=128, endPage=136, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1243954928268460329, articleId=1243954927995830563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=Analysis on the community characteristics and potential ecological risk of jellyfish in the Qingchuan Bay of Ningde, Fujian Province, columnId=1243954927383462170, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Marine Biology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Based on the data from the zooplankton survey in the waters around the Ningde nuclear power plant in January (winter), April (spring), July (summer) and November (autumn) 2018, the structure and seasonal changes of jellyfish communities in the area were analyzed. The potential risks of jellyfish to the safe production of nuclear power in Ningde were discussed. The results showed that there were seasonal changes in the species composition, abundance distribution and dominant species succession of jellyfish in the Ningde nuclear power plant area. The numbers of jellyfish species in the spring, summer, autumn and winter were 7, 16, 9 and 3, respectively. The mean abundances were (45.48±8.24) ind./m3, (50.26±12.13) ind./m3, (3.68±1.91) ind./m3, and (0.18±0.07) ind./m3, respectively. The main dominant species were Laodicea indica, Pleurobrachia globosa, Diphyes chamissonis and Euphysa aurata. The seasonal succession of dominant species was obvious. The correlation analysis between the change of jellyfish abundance and environmental factors showed that the abundance of jellyfish in spring and summer was significantly related to the total abundance of zooplankton, and its number was significantly related to the number of copepods in zooplankton in summer(p<0.05, R=0.363). The abundance of jellyfish communities in autumn and winter was mainly affected by salinity. The salinity of the sea area was relatively low in autumn and winter, and the temperature is also low, so the abundance of jellyfish was also low. According to the distribution characteristics of jellyfish in Ningde, the jellyfish abundance of 50 ind./m3 was considered as the risk threshold value, and summer was the potentially high-risk season for ecological disasters. It was necessary to focus on the 5−20 km away from the intake area in summer; followed by the spring, the focus was on the 2.5−5 km away from the intake area; in autumn and winter, the safety of nuclear power sources was basically not caused by jellyfish.

, correspAuthors=Haofei Zhang, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Haiyang Xuebao, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Bangping Deng, Heng Liu, Hongbo Wang, Yutao Qin, Lihua Xia, Yang Li, Haofei Zhang, Xiaoshan Jiang, Yiyi Yang, Yutan Wang, Xiao Ji, Xirong Lin), CN=ArticleExt(id=1243954929577083252, articleId=1243954927995830563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=福建宁德晴川湾海域水母群落特征及其潜在生态风险分析, columnId=1243954927517679901, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=海洋生物, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

根据2018年1月(冬季)、4月(春季)、7月(夏季)和11月(秋季)在宁德晴川湾海域浮游动物调查的4个航次数据,分析该海域水母群落结构和季节变化特征,讨论了水母对宁德晴川湾核电站安全生产潜在的风险。结果表明:宁德晴川湾海域水母类种类组成、丰度分布和优势种演替均存在季节变化,春、夏、秋、冬该海域水母种数分别为7种、16种、9种和3种,丰度均值分别为(45.48±8.24)个/m3、(50.26±12.13)个/m3、(3.68±1.91)个/m3和(0.18±0.07)个/m3,首要优势种分别为印度感棒水母(Laodicea indica)、球型侧腕水母(Pleurobrachia globosa)、双生水母(Diphyes chamissonis)和耳状囊水母(Euphysa aurata),优势种类组成季节演替明显。春季和夏季水母的丰度与浮游动物的总丰度呈极显著相关,在夏季其数量与浮游动物中的桡足类数量呈显著相关(p<0.05,R=0.363),秋季和冬季水母群落的丰度主要受盐度的影响。秋、冬季该海域盐度、温度均较低,水母的丰度也较低。根据宁德晴川湾核电站附近海域水母分布特征,以水母丰度50 个/m3为风险阈值考虑,夏季为潜在高风险季节,需重点关注距核电站冷源取水口5~20 km海域;其次是春季,重点关注距取水口2.5~5 km海域;秋季和冬季基本不会因水母而引起核电站冷源安全事故发生。

, correspAuthors=张昊飞, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*张昊飞,高级工程师,主要从事海洋环境监视监测与评价、海洋生态环境保护与规划、赤潮(绿潮)监视监测与防灾减灾等管理研究工作。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《海洋学报》编辑部 2023, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=iRyYaF1/QZnS+YI+sMIz/Q==, magXml=m421g3pf7wBaMW1dchmQ7g==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=3hxhyZwHA/c/REAmJY9jFg==, pdfFileSize=5169144, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=+lweY+BtINTHZueLPDFj6Q==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=Rw+Tw3f/ZnVChZuRpo0vMA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

邓邦平(1983-),男,湖北省十堰市人,高级工程师,主要从事海洋生物生态监测评价工作。E-mail:

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邓邦平(1983-),男,湖北省十堰市人,高级工程师,主要从事海洋生物生态监测评价工作。E-mail:

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邓邦平(1983-),男,湖北省十堰市人,高级工程师,主要从事海洋生物生态监测评价工作。E-mail:

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articleId=1243954927995830563, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Distribution of jellyfish abundance in different seasons in the Qingchan Bay of Ningde, figureFileSmall=I1KXpDPOq8iJOXKI0FVlYQ==, figureFileBig=WMOymjjQTrOdFAnnXWZHwg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246538014223131057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243954927995830563, language=CN, label=图3, caption=宁德晴川湾海域不同季节水母丰度分布, figureFileSmall=I1KXpDPOq8iJOXKI0FVlYQ==, figureFileBig=WMOymjjQTrOdFAnnXWZHwg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246538014307017139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243954927995830563, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Dominances (Y) of dominant jellyfish species in different seasons

The size of circle represent the degree of dominance

, figureFileSmall=moLMabErMXwLqTtnRtYbMQ==, figureFileBig=9aI3TSt3JMqpNnlvx0OUMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246538014386708918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243954927995830563, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同季节优势种类的优势度(Y)变化

图中圆圈大小代表优势度大小

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Basic information of survey stations in the Qingchuan Bay of Ningde

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
站号纬度经度距取水口距离/km
127°02′37″N120°17′23″E<2.5(取水口附近)
227°02′32″N120°17′19″E<2.5(取水口附近)
327°02′32″N120°17′10″E<2.5(取水口附近)
427°02′27″N120°17′11″E<2.5(取水口附近)
527°02′21″N120°16′58″E<2.5(取水口附近)
627°02′23″N120°17′04″E<2.5(取水口附近)
727°03′09″N120°17′23″E2.5
827°02′37″N120°17′36″E2.5
927°02′21″N120°17′03″E2.5
1027°01′53″N120°16′29″E2.5
1127°02′19″N120°16′03″E2.5
1227°02′19″N120°18′12″E2.5
1327°01′39″N120°17′31″E2.5
1427°01′04″N120°17′47″E2.5
1527°05′23″N120°17′16″E5
1627°05′11″N120°18′53″E5
1727°04′09″N120°20′05″E5
1827°02′43″N120°20′24″E5
1927°01′14″N120°19′57″E5
2027°00′11″N120°18′50″E5
2126°59′52″N120°17′17″E5
2226°56′12″N120°16′23″E10
2326°56′52″N120°18′33″E10
2427°00′10″N120°22′44″E10
2527°02′41″N120°23′18″E10
2627°04′23″N120°23′15″E10
2727°08′04″N120°27′44″E20
2827°02′41″N120°29′23″E20
2926°57′16″N120°27′44″E20
3026°53′15″N120°23′15″E20
3126°51′50″N120°17′13″E20
3226°48′35″N120°26′09″E40
3326°54′32″N120°32′59″E40
3427°02′37″N120°35′24″E40
3526°51′50″N120°38′09″E50
), ArticleFig(id=1246538014780973515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243954927995830563, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

宁德晴川湾海域调查站位基本信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
站号纬度经度距取水口距离/km
127°02′37″N120°17′23″E<2.5(取水口附近)
227°02′32″N120°17′19″E<2.5(取水口附近)
327°02′32″N120°17′10″E<2.5(取水口附近)
427°02′27″N120°17′11″E<2.5(取水口附近)
527°02′21″N120°16′58″E<2.5(取水口附近)
627°02′23″N120°17′04″E<2.5(取水口附近)
727°03′09″N120°17′23″E2.5
827°02′37″N120°17′36″E2.5
927°02′21″N120°17′03″E2.5
1027°01′53″N120°16′29″E2.5
1127°02′19″N120°16′03″E2.5
1227°02′19″N120°18′12″E2.5
1327°01′39″N120°17′31″E2.5
1427°01′04″N120°17′47″E2.5
1527°05′23″N120°17′16″E5
1627°05′11″N120°18′53″E5
1727°04′09″N120°20′05″E5
1827°02′43″N120°20′24″E5
1927°01′14″N120°19′57″E5
2027°00′11″N120°18′50″E5
2126°59′52″N120°17′17″E5
2226°56′12″N120°16′23″E10
2326°56′52″N120°18′33″E10
2427°00′10″N120°22′44″E10
2527°02′41″N120°23′18″E10
2627°04′23″N120°23′15″E10
2727°08′04″N120°27′44″E20
2827°02′41″N120°29′23″E20
2926°57′16″N120°27′44″E20
3026°53′15″N120°23′15″E20
3126°51′50″N120°17′13″E20
3226°48′35″N120°26′09″E40
3326°54′32″N120°32′59″E40
3427°02′37″N120°35′24″E40
3526°51′50″N120°38′09″E50
), ArticleFig(id=1246538014881636818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243954927995830563, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Species composition of jellyfish in different seasons in the Qingchuan Bay of Ningde

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号类别中文名拉丁名冬季春季夏季秋季
  备注:+表示检出,空白表示未检出。
1水螅水母多管水母属Aequorea sp.++
2水螅水母半口壮丽水母Aglaura hemistoma++++
3水螅水母和平水母属Eirene sp.+
4水螅水母耳状囊水母Euphysa aurata+
5水螅水母束手水母属Gossea sp.+
6水螅水母印度感棒水母Laodicea indica +
7水螅水母厦门隔膜水母Leuckartiara hoepplii+
8水螅水母四叶小舌水母Liriope tetraphylla++
9水螅水母薮枝螅水母属Obelia sp.+
10水螅水母钩手水母属Scolionema sp.+
11水螅水母似钩手水母Scolionema suvaense+
12水螅水母两手筐水母Solmundella bitentaculata++
13管水母华丽盛装水母Agalma elegans+
14管水母双生水母Diphyes chamissonis+++
15管水母拟细浅室水母Lensia subtiloides+++
16管水母五角水母Muggiaea atlantica+++
17管水母双小水母Nanomia bijuga+
18钵水母灯塔水母Turritopsis nutricula+
19栉水母刺胞栉水母Euchlora rubra++
20栉水母球型侧腕水母Pleurobrachia globosa+++
), ArticleFig(id=1246538014982300120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243954927995830563, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

宁德晴川湾海域不同季节水母种类组成名录

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号类别中文名拉丁名冬季春季夏季秋季
  备注:+表示检出,空白表示未检出。
1水螅水母多管水母属Aequorea sp.++
2水螅水母半口壮丽水母Aglaura hemistoma++++
3水螅水母和平水母属Eirene sp.+
4水螅水母耳状囊水母Euphysa aurata+
5水螅水母束手水母属Gossea sp.+
6水螅水母印度感棒水母Laodicea indica +
7水螅水母厦门隔膜水母Leuckartiara hoepplii+
8水螅水母四叶小舌水母Liriope tetraphylla++
9水螅水母薮枝螅水母属Obelia sp.+
10水螅水母钩手水母属Scolionema sp.+
11水螅水母似钩手水母Scolionema suvaense+
12水螅水母两手筐水母Solmundella bitentaculata++
13管水母华丽盛装水母Agalma elegans+
14管水母双生水母Diphyes chamissonis+++
15管水母拟细浅室水母Lensia subtiloides+++
16管水母五角水母Muggiaea atlantica+++
17管水母双小水母Nanomia bijuga+
18钵水母灯塔水母Turritopsis nutricula+
19栉水母刺胞栉水母Euchlora rubra++
20栉水母球型侧腕水母Pleurobrachia globosa+++
), ArticleFig(id=1246538015061991900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243954927995830563, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Dominances, average abundance and frequency of the dominant jellyfish species in different seasons

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
季节优势种优势度(Y平均丰度/个·m−3出现频率/%
春季印度感棒水母0.1518.6537.1
双生水母0.0811.0234.3
球型侧腕水母0.0712.7425.7
夏季球型侧腕水母0.6042.1271.4
薮枝螅水母0.044.7837.1
双生水母0.032.5062.9
秋季双生水母0.072.6920.0
球型侧腕水母0.030.4551.4
冬季耳状囊水母0.080.1420.0
), ArticleFig(id=1246538015158460897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243954927995830563, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同季节水母优势种的优势度、平均丰度和出现频率统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
季节优势种优势度(Y平均丰度/个·m−3出现频率/%
春季印度感棒水母0.1518.6537.1
双生水母0.0811.0234.3
球型侧腕水母0.0712.7425.7
夏季球型侧腕水母0.6042.1271.4
薮枝螅水母0.044.7837.1
双生水母0.032.5062.9
秋季双生水母0.072.6920.0
球型侧腕水母0.030.4551.4
冬季耳状囊水母0.080.1420.0
), ArticleFig(id=1246538015250735590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243954927995830563, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Correlation between jellyfish abundance and environmental factors in different seasons in the Qingchuan Bay of Ningde

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因子
季节
浮游动物丰度浮游动物湿重生物量桡足类丰度水温盐度pH
  注:**表示在p=0.01(双尾)水平上相关;*表示在p=0.05(双尾)水平相关。
春季0.477**0.2690.2470.032−0.131−0.091
夏季0.620**0.0780.363*0.029−0.158−0.157
秋季0.2430.331−0.0190.0780.494**0.096
冬季−0.173−0.025−0.1830.2980.460**0.307
), ArticleFig(id=1246538015380759017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243954927995830563, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

宁德晴川湾海域不同季节水母丰度与环境因子相关性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因子
季节
浮游动物丰度浮游动物湿重生物量桡足类丰度水温盐度pH
  注:**表示在p=0.01(双尾)水平上相关;*表示在p=0.05(双尾)水平相关。
春季0.477**0.2690.2470.032−0.131−0.091
夏季0.620**0.0780.363*0.029−0.158−0.157
秋季0.2430.331−0.0190.0780.494**0.096
冬季−0.173−0.025−0.1830.2980.460**0.307
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福建宁德晴川湾海域水母群落特征及其潜在生态风险分析
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邓邦平 1, 2 , 刘衡 3 , 王洪波 3 , 秦玉涛 1, 2 , 夏利花 1, 2 , 李阳 1, 2 , 张昊飞 1, 2, * , 蒋晓山 1, 2 , 杨旖祎 1, 2 , 王宇坛 1, 2 , 季晓 1, 2 , 林熙戎 4
海洋学报 | 海洋生物 2020,42(4): 128-136
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海洋学报 | 海洋生物 2020, 42(4): 128-136
福建宁德晴川湾海域水母群落特征及其潜在生态风险分析
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邓邦平1, 2 , 刘衡3, 王洪波3, 秦玉涛1, 2, 夏利花1, 2, 李阳1, 2, 张昊飞1, 2, * , 蒋晓山1, 2, 杨旖祎1, 2, 王宇坛1, 2, 季晓1, 2, 林熙戎4
作者信息
  • 1 国家海洋局 东海环境监测中心,上海 201206
  • 2 自然资源部 海洋生态监测与修复技术重点实验室,上海 201206
  • 3 福建宁德核电有限公司,福建 宁德 355200
  • 4 上海市环境监测中心,上海 200235
  • 邓邦平(1983-),男,湖北省十堰市人,高级工程师,主要从事海洋生物生态监测评价工作。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*张昊飞,高级工程师,主要从事海洋环境监视监测与评价、海洋生态环境保护与规划、赤潮(绿潮)监视监测与防灾减灾等管理研究工作。E-mail:
Analysis on the community characteristics and potential ecological risk of jellyfish in the Qingchuan Bay of Ningde, Fujian Province
Bangping Deng1, 2 , Heng Liu3, Hongbo Wang3, Yutao Qin1, 2, Lihua Xia1, 2, Yang Li1, 2, Haofei Zhang1, 2, * , Xiaoshan Jiang1, 2, Yiyi Yang1, 2, Yutan Wang1, 2, Xiao Ji1, 2, Xirong Lin4
Affiliations
  • 1 East China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Shanghai 201206, China
  • 2 Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Monitoring and Restoration Technology, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 201206, China
  • 3 Fujian Ningde Nuclear Power Co., Ltd., Ningde 355200, China
  • 4 Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Centre, Shanghai 200235, China
出版时间: 2020-04-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.04.015
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根据2018年1月(冬季)、4月(春季)、7月(夏季)和11月(秋季)在宁德晴川湾海域浮游动物调查的4个航次数据,分析该海域水母群落结构和季节变化特征,讨论了水母对宁德晴川湾核电站安全生产潜在的风险。结果表明:宁德晴川湾海域水母类种类组成、丰度分布和优势种演替均存在季节变化,春、夏、秋、冬该海域水母种数分别为7种、16种、9种和3种,丰度均值分别为(45.48±8.24)个/m3、(50.26±12.13)个/m3、(3.68±1.91)个/m3和(0.18±0.07)个/m3,首要优势种分别为印度感棒水母(Laodicea indica)、球型侧腕水母(Pleurobrachia globosa)、双生水母(Diphyes chamissonis)和耳状囊水母(Euphysa aurata),优势种类组成季节演替明显。春季和夏季水母的丰度与浮游动物的总丰度呈极显著相关,在夏季其数量与浮游动物中的桡足类数量呈显著相关(p<0.05,R=0.363),秋季和冬季水母群落的丰度主要受盐度的影响。秋、冬季该海域盐度、温度均较低,水母的丰度也较低。根据宁德晴川湾核电站附近海域水母分布特征,以水母丰度50 个/m3为风险阈值考虑,夏季为潜在高风险季节,需重点关注距核电站冷源取水口5~20 km海域;其次是春季,重点关注距取水口2.5~5 km海域;秋季和冬季基本不会因水母而引起核电站冷源安全事故发生。

水母  /  浮游动物  /  群落特征  /  生态风险  /  宁德晴川湾

Based on the data from the zooplankton survey in the waters around the Ningde nuclear power plant in January (winter), April (spring), July (summer) and November (autumn) 2018, the structure and seasonal changes of jellyfish communities in the area were analyzed. The potential risks of jellyfish to the safe production of nuclear power in Ningde were discussed. The results showed that there were seasonal changes in the species composition, abundance distribution and dominant species succession of jellyfish in the Ningde nuclear power plant area. The numbers of jellyfish species in the spring, summer, autumn and winter were 7, 16, 9 and 3, respectively. The mean abundances were (45.48±8.24) ind./m3, (50.26±12.13) ind./m3, (3.68±1.91) ind./m3, and (0.18±0.07) ind./m3, respectively. The main dominant species were Laodicea indica, Pleurobrachia globosa, Diphyes chamissonis and Euphysa aurata. The seasonal succession of dominant species was obvious. The correlation analysis between the change of jellyfish abundance and environmental factors showed that the abundance of jellyfish in spring and summer was significantly related to the total abundance of zooplankton, and its number was significantly related to the number of copepods in zooplankton in summer(p<0.05, R=0.363). The abundance of jellyfish communities in autumn and winter was mainly affected by salinity. The salinity of the sea area was relatively low in autumn and winter, and the temperature is also low, so the abundance of jellyfish was also low. According to the distribution characteristics of jellyfish in Ningde, the jellyfish abundance of 50 ind./m3 was considered as the risk threshold value, and summer was the potentially high-risk season for ecological disasters. It was necessary to focus on the 5−20 km away from the intake area in summer; followed by the spring, the focus was on the 2.5−5 km away from the intake area; in autumn and winter, the safety of nuclear power sources was basically not caused by jellyfish.

jellyfish  /  zooplankton  /  community characteristics  /  ecological risk  /  Qingchuan Bay of Ningde
邓邦平, 刘衡, 王洪波, 秦玉涛, 夏利花, 李阳, 张昊飞, 蒋晓山, 杨旖祎, 王宇坛, 季晓, 林熙戎. 福建宁德晴川湾海域水母群落特征及其潜在生态风险分析. 海洋学报, 2020 , 42 (4) : 128 -136 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.04.015
Bangping Deng, Heng Liu, Hongbo Wang, Yutao Qin, Lihua Xia, Yang Li, Haofei Zhang, Xiaoshan Jiang, Yiyi Yang, Yutan Wang, Xiao Ji, Xirong Lin. Analysis on the community characteristics and potential ecological risk of jellyfish in the Qingchuan Bay of Ningde, Fujian Province[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2020 , 42 (4) : 128 -136 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.04.015
水母是海洋生态系统中的重要组成部分,包括两大类,一类隶属于腔肠动物门,是带有刺细胞的水母,包括水螅水母(Hydromedusae)、管水母(Siphonophore)、钵水母(Scyphomedusae)和立方水母(Cubomedusae);另一类隶属于栉水母动物门,是不带刺细胞的水母,身体上带有像梳子一样的纤毛,称之为栉水母(Ctenophore)。我国近海已经记录的水母有420多种,约占全球已记录种类的1/3,由于水母种类多、数量大、分布广,因此它们在浮游动物群落中占有相当重要的地位[1-2]
水母也是滨海核电冷源安全风险生物的重要种类之一,水母的暴发性增多,可以导致滨海电厂海水冷却系统和核电站的进水阀堵塞而停止运转,在我国红沿河核电(2014年)、青岛核电(2011年)均发生过这种停机事件。自20世纪90年代中后期起,我国近海水母暴发愈趋频繁[3-4],在世界许多海湾和海区水母暴发现象也日益增多[5-6],水母的暴发将对海洋生态系统的结构与功能、海洋渔业资源、海洋景观和旅游业均产生巨大破坏作用[7-10]
福建宁德晴川湾海域所建的核电站,是国家核电中长期发展规划颁布后开工的第一个核电项目,是目前我国百万千瓦级核电机组自主化、国产化程度最高的核电站,也是海峡西岸经济区建设的第一个核电站,2013年正式投入商业运行。核电安全关乎国计民生和社会稳定,本文通过分析福建晴川湾核电站海域不同季节水母的种类组成、数量分布和群落结构特征,评估其对核电生产带来的潜在风险并提出应对策略,以期为宁德乃至我国滨海核电的生态安全管控提供科学依据。
2018年1月、4月、7月和11月分别对宁德晴川湾海域(以核电站为圆心,50 km半径内共布设35个站位)进行了4个航次浮游动物调查,站位分布见图1,站位基本信息见表1。浮游动物样品用浮游生物网(浅水Ⅰ,口径50 cm,网目孔径0.505 mm)由底至表层垂直拖曳采集获得,样品保存和室内处理均按照《海洋调查规范》 (GB/T 12763—2007)[11]进行,样品分析的水母作为本研究的主要研究对象,从个体大小来看,本研究的水母主要为小型水母。同时用CTD获取现场温度、盐度和pH等数据。
水母优势种优势度(Y)计算公式[12-13]
$Y = {N_i}/N \times {f_i},$
式中,Y为物种优势度,Ni为第i种水母的个体数,N为所有水母个体总数之和,fi为第i种水母出现的频度。
种类更替率(R)计算公式[14]
$R = \left[ {\left( {a + b - 2c} \right)/\left( {a + b - c} \right)} \right] \times 100\% ,$
式中,R为种类更替率,ab分别为相邻两个季节的种类数,c为相邻两个季节共同的种类数。
用office2016软件进行优势种、丰度、种类更替率等群落特征统计,用spss20.0软件进行水母群落数量与环境因子的相关性分析。
宁德晴川湾海域不同调查季节出现的水母种类信息如表2所示。4个航次共鉴定出水母20种,包括12种水螅水母、5种管水母、2种栉水母和1种钵水母。在小型水母的种类组成上,水螅水母占60%,管水母占25%,栉水母占10%,钵水母仅为5%。
水母种类呈现明显的季节更替(图2)。春季共7种,以水螅水母和管水母为主,厦门隔膜水母(Leuckartiara hoepplii)仅在春季航次出现;夏季共16种,水螅水母为最主要类群,超过55%,束手水母(Gossea sp.)、薮枝螅水母(Obelia sp.)、钩手水母(Scolionema sp.)、双小水母(Nanomia bijuga)等均仅在夏季出现;秋季共9种,种类组成特征与春季较为相近;冬季共3种,由水螅水母和钵水母组成,除了4个季节均有出现的半口壮丽水母(Aglaura hemistoma),耳状囊水母(Euphysa aurata)和灯塔水母(Turritopsis nutricula)仅出现在该季节。春、夏、秋、冬4个季节的种类组成更替率分别为:88.9%、72.2%、43.8%和90.9%,以夏季到秋季的种类更替率为最低。
宁德晴川湾海域不同季节水母丰度变化具有明显差异(图3)。春季、夏季、秋季和冬季水母在该海域的平均丰度分别为(45.48±8.24)个/m3、(50.26±12.13)个/m3、(3.68±1.91)个/m3和(0.18±0.07)个/m3,春季和夏季水母丰度总体较高,高值区主要出现在距核电取水口3~20 km以内海域,秋季和冬季水母总体较低,高值区主要出现在距核电站取水口20 km以外海域。
春季水母丰度高值区主要集中在距核电站取水口2.5~5 km区域,该区域丰度均值达到73.57个/m3,2.5 km以内区域水母丰度也较低,个别站点稍高,丰度均值约为17.50个/m3,春季水母水平分布总体呈现从距核电站取水口5 km处向东南外部海域逐渐减少的趋势;夏季水母丰度高值区主要集中在距核电站取水口5~20 km区域,该区域丰度均值达到84.97个/m3,5 km以内区域水母丰度均值为22.04个/m3,东南外部区域水母丰度较低;秋季水母丰度总体较低,秋季水母在距核电取水口30 km以外区域稍高,均值为21.16个/m3,30 km以内该均值仅为0.76个/m3;冬季水母丰度为一年中最低,水平分布上距核电取水口20 km以外区域相对稍多,均值为0.53个/m3,20 km以内该均值仅为0.04个/m3
宁德晴川湾海域水母类的优势种结构季节演替非常明显(表3图4)。春季以水螅水母类的印度感棒水母(Laodicea indica)为主要优势种类,平均丰度达18.65个/m3,其次是管水母类的双生水母(Diphyes chamissonis)和栉水母类的球型侧腕水母(Pleurobrachia globosa);夏季以球型侧腕水母占绝对优势,平均丰度达42.12个/m3,其次是薮枝螅水母(水螅水母)和双生水母;秋季以双生水母为主要优势,平均丰度为2.69个/m3,其次是球型侧腕水母;冬季以水螅水母类的耳状囊水母为优势种,平均丰度为0.14个/m3
相关调查研究表明,大于3 mm个体生物的大量聚集,均可能造成核电冷源取水运行不畅,造成取水口堵塞,引起机组冷却系统停止工作,导致滨海核电发生致灾生物堵塞核电冷源取水安全事件[15]。本调查统计的优势种类球型侧腕水母和双生水母已被学者列为宁德海域核电冷源风险致灾生物名录[16],其中球型侧腕水母亦在红沿河核电冷源风险研究中被评估为风险值为“高”的海洋生物[17]。根据宁德核电水母季节分布和水平分布特征(图5),以水母丰度50个/m3为风险阈值考虑,夏季为高风险季节,重点关注距取水口5~20 km海域;其次是春季,重点关注距取水口2.5~5 km海域;秋季和冬季基本不会因水母而引起核电冷源安全事故发生,因此防范水母致灾建议主要在春、夏季进行,特别是优势种类球型侧腕水母、印度感棒水母和双生水母等种群动态变化。同时,水母的发生一般开始于近岸和沿岸水域,然后向外扩展[18],防范水母灾害风险,也应加强近岸水域生态环境变化监测和预警。
水母是海洋生态系统中的重要环节,其丰度及结构组成变化与温度、盐度和主要食物桡足类数量等因子密切相关[19-20],也深受风、海流、锋面和水团等因子影响[21-23],全球气候变化和富营养化是我国近海水母暴发的最重要诱发因素[24]。统计分析表明:春季和夏季水母的丰度与浮游动物的总丰度呈极显著相关,相关因子分别达到0.477和0.620,表明其在浮游动物群落中的数量比重较大,决定了浮游动物的群落结构组成,夏季其数量与浮游动物中的桡足类数量呈现出了显著相关性(相关系数为0.363),桡足类种群在夏季的扩大为水母种群的壮大提供了丰富的饵料基础(表4)。秋季和冬季水母群落的丰度主要受盐度的影响,与盐度呈极显著相关,本调查春、夏、秋、冬4个航次该海域盐度均值分别为29.68、32.67、27.25和27.12,秋、冬季节盐度明显低于春季和夏季,研究表明该海域的优势种类球型侧腕水母属于亚热带外海种,该种生存需要较高的水温和盐度[25],根据张金标[26]的研究,在盐度为32~34,该种的出现频率明显增加,本研究的结果与上述研究结果基本一致。
宁德晴川湾海域水母类种类组成数量和丰度分布均存在明显季节变化,优势种组成季节演替明显,春、夏、秋、冬首要优势种分别为印度感棒水母、球型侧腕水母、双生水母和耳状囊水母。
夏季为宁德晴川湾核电生态安全的潜在高风险季节,需重点关注距取水口5~20 km海域;其次是春季,重点关注距取水口2.5~5 km海域;秋季和冬季基本不会因水母而引起核电冷源安全事故发生。防范水母致灾建议主要在春、夏季进行,特别关注优势种类球型侧腕水母、印度感棒水母和双生水母等种群动态变化。
春季和夏季水母的丰度与浮游动物的总丰度呈极显著相关,在夏季其数量与浮游动物中的桡足类数量呈显著相关(p<0.05,r=0.363),很好的显示出浮游动物特别是桡足类为水母种群发展提供了充足的食物保障;秋季和冬季水母群落的丰度主要受盐度的影响,与盐度呈极显著相关,秋、冬季该海域盐度、温度均较低,水母丰度也较低。
  • 国家重点研发计划重点专项“海洋微塑料的监测、分析关键技术研究”(2016YFC1402201)。
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2020年第42卷第4期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.04.015
  • 接收时间:2019-06-27
  • 首发时间:2026-03-26
  • 出版时间:2020-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2019-06-27
  • 修回日期:2019-09-16
基金
国家重点研发计划重点专项“海洋微塑料的监测、分析关键技术研究”(2016YFC1402201)。
作者信息
    1 国家海洋局 东海环境监测中心,上海 201206
    2 自然资源部 海洋生态监测与修复技术重点实验室,上海 201206
    3 福建宁德核电有限公司,福建 宁德 355200
    4 上海市环境监测中心,上海 200235

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*张昊飞,高级工程师,主要从事海洋环境监视监测与评价、海洋生态环境保护与规划、赤潮(绿潮)监视监测与防灾减灾等管理研究工作。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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