Article(id=1243954926108393752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1243954925370196248, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.04.008, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1558886400000, receivedDateStr=2019-05-27, revisedDate=1566316800000, revisedDateStr=2019-08-21, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774511565949, onlineDateStr=2026-03-26, pubDate=1587744000000, pubDateStr=2020-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774511565949, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774511565949, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774511565949, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1243954925370196248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2020', volume='42', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='136', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774511565773, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774511565773, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null}, startPage=66, endPage=78, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1243954927450571035, articleId=1243954926108393752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=Cloning of GST and HSP90 genes of Sinonovacula constricta and analysis of their expression characteristics under ammonia nitrogen stress, columnId=1243954927383462170, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Marine Biology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The full-length cDNA of glutathione S-transferase (Sc-GSTσ) and heat shock protein 90 (Sc-HSP90) genes were cloned from Sinonovacula constricta and their expression characteristics under ammonia nitrogen stress were analyzed. The results show that the full-length cDNA of Sc-GSTσ was 1 414 bp, and containing 639 bp open reading frame (ORF), encoding 212 amino acid polypeptides. The homology of amino acid sequence of Sc-GSTσ with other species’ GST amino acid sequence was 31.88%−43.40%. The full-length cDNA of Sc-HSP90 was 2 752 bp, ORF was 2 181 bp, encoding 726 amino acids. The amino acid sequence was 76.77%−87.05% homology with other species. Quantitative analysis showed that Sc-GSTσ and Sc-HSP90 genes were expressed in all tested tissues, the strongest expression being in the digestive gland. After exposure to ammonia, the mRNA expression of Sc-GSTσ and Sc-HSP90 were significantly up-regulated (p<0.05) in the digestive gland, indicating that ammonia stress induced stress response, both GST and HSP90 may be participate the process of detoxification or defense. However, the decrease of expression in the later period of stress is presumed to be due to the organism have limited ability to defense, which is not enough to protect the host from stress-induced cell damage.

, correspAuthors=Zhihua Lin, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Haiyang Xuebao, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Huan Zhang, Yinghui Dong, Hanhan Yao, Kaijia Yu, Yueya Hu, Zhihua Lin), CN=ArticleExt(id=1243954928608198965, articleId=1243954926108393752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=缢蛏(Sinonovacula constrictaGSTHSP90基因克隆及其在氨氮胁迫下的表达特征分析, columnId=1243954927517679901, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=海洋生物, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

克隆获得缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(Sc-GSTσ)和热休克蛋白90(Sc-HSP90)基因的cDNA全长,分析了它们的组织表达差异及其在氨氮胁迫下的表达特征。结果表明,Sc-GSTσ的全长cDNA为1 414 bp,含有639 bp的开放阅读框(Open Reading Frame,ORF),编码212个氨基酸,Sc-GSTσ氨基酸序列与其他物种的GST氨基酸序列同源性为31.88%~43.40%;而Sc-HSP90的全长cDNA为2 752 bp,ORF为2 181 bp,编码726个氨基酸,其氨基酸序列与其他物种HSP90的氨基酸序列同源性为76.77%~87.05%。荧光定量PCR分析发现,Sc-GSTσSc-HSP90在缢蛏各组织中均有表达,两者均在肝胰腺中表达量最高。氨氮胁迫后,Sc-GSTσSc-HSP90 mRNA在肝胰腺中表达均显著上调(p<0.05),表明氨氮胁迫引起机体的应激反应,2个基因可能参与机体解毒或防御过程。但胁迫后期表达量下降推测是机体的防御能力有限,不足以完全保护宿主免受应激诱导的细胞损伤。

, correspAuthors=林志华, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*林志华,男,研究员,博士生导师,主要从事贝类遗传育种研究。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《海洋学报》编辑部 2023, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=ood+1vyveb2OxZTLC0Cojg==, magXml=mOLVzBup7aOAaZihuQjKNg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=z9aL3Ix00EWq7nBakMPCgg==, pdfFileSize=15020377, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=I5w1oi9Q3RNxWuXMZ7Drjg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=aBtYbJWoT+3g1eb29pvn9A==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

张欢(1994-),女,浙江省衢州市人,研究方向为海洋贝类种质资源与遗传育种研究。E-mail:

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Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 2015, 41(1): 203−217., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1246538010339201465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243954926108393752, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=国家现代贝类产业技术体系项目(CARS-49);浙江省农业新品种选育重大科技专项(2016C02055-9);国家水产种质资源平台运行服务项目(2019DKA30470);宁波市“环境科学与工程”一流学科项目。, fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1246538005998096632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243954926108393752, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1246538006006485241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243954926108393752, companyId=1246538005998096632, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315823, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1246538006010679546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243954926108393752, companyId=1246538005998096632, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 宁波大学 海洋学院,浙江 宁波 315823)]), AuthorCompany(id=1246538006086177020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243954926108393752, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1246538006090371325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243954926108393752, companyId=1246538006086177020, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, College of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1246538006098759934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243954926108393752, companyId=1246538006086177020, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 浙江万里学院 生物与环境学院 浙江省水产种质资源高效利用技术研究重点实验室,浙江 宁波 315100)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1246538009127047550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243954926108393752, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Sc-GSTσ domain structure and multiple sequence alignment

a. The structure domains of Sc-GSTσ were compared with those of four selected other invertebrate GSTs and three vertebrate prostaglandin-D synthases (PGDS, a GSTσ); b. multiple sequence alignment of N-terminal domain from eight animals; c. multiple sequence alignment of GSTσ C-terminal domain from eight animals

, figureFileSmall=uSaC6kLNKRCnpXHq3zHfMg==, figureFileBig=Qf4QLE6KygsZ+w71phhUvQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246538009210933634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243954926108393752, language=CN, label=图1, caption=Sc-GSTσ结构域和多重比较

a. Sc-GSTσ的结构域与挑选的4种无脊椎动物的GSTσ和3种脊椎动物的前列腺素D合成酶(PGD,A GSTσ)结构域比较;b. 8种动物N末端结构域多重比较;c. 8种动物GSTσ C末端结构域多重比较

, figureFileSmall=uSaC6kLNKRCnpXHq3zHfMg==, figureFileBig=Qf4QLE6KygsZ+w71phhUvQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246538009315791243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243954926108393752, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=The phylogenetic tree of GST constructed by Neighbor-joining method using MEGA5.2 software

Accession numbers of the sequences used in construction of tree are attached in the appendix Table A1

, figureFileSmall=PEo8MT+zEj8WMiLXvGV7gw==, figureFileBig=HoAOB3tAYagOC342mUls5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246538009450008976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243954926108393752, language=CN, label=图2, caption=利用MEGA5.2软件邻接法构建的GST的系统进化树

使用序列的登录号见附录表A1

, figureFileSmall=PEo8MT+zEj8WMiLXvGV7gw==, figureFileBig=HoAOB3tAYagOC342mUls5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246538009533895061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243954926108393752, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Sc-HSP90 gene identified and phylogenetic tree

a. Multiple sequence alignment of HSP90 amino acid sequences from eight animals, HSP90 family signature motifs are red boxes and sequence MEEVD is underlined; b. the phylogenetic tree of HSP90 constructed by Neighbor-joining method using MEGA5.2 software. Accession numbers of the sequences used in construction of tree are attached in the appendix Table A2

, figureFileSmall=HyWQP951Z98dfNnlnOrO8g==, figureFileBig=dEIbzPINnwSyR8PLFgylhQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246538009668112791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243954926108393752, language=CN, label=图3, caption=Sc-HSP90基因鉴定及系统进化树

a. 8种动物HSP90氨基酸序列多重比较,红色方框为HSP90家族标签,保守序列MEEVD带有下划线;b. 利用MEGA5.2软件采用邻接法构建的HSP90的系统进化树。使用序列的登录号见附录表A2

, figureFileSmall=HyWQP951Z98dfNnlnOrO8g==, figureFileBig=dEIbzPINnwSyR8PLFgylhQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246538009751998879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243954926108393752, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=The expression characteristics of Sc-GSTσ and Sc-HSP90 genes in different tissues of S. constricta and after different ammonia concentration stress

a1. Expression profile of Sc-GSTσ in S. constricta; a2. expression characteristic analysis of Sc-GSTσ in the digestive gland of S. constricta after ammonia stress; b1. expression profile of Sc-HSP90 in S. contricta; b2. expression characteristic analysis of Sc-HSP90 in the digestive gland of S. contricta data after ammonia stress. Different letters are significantly different among tissues (p<0.05) and the asterisk (*) indicates a significant difference between the stress group and its respective control at different time (*p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001)

, figureFileSmall=Rjxg6ugcNH0ryvTUJoNJ4g==, figureFileBig=nW7oFhHRp6pq1tXeEk3dMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246538009869439394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243954926108393752, language=CN, label=图4, caption=Sc-GSTσSc-HSP90基因在缢蛏不同组织中及不同氨浓度胁迫后的表达特征

a1. Sc-GSTσ基因的组织表达;a2. 不同氨浓度胁迫后,Sc-GSTσ在缢蛏肝胰腺中的表达量变化;b1. Sc-HSP90基因的组织表达;b2. 不同氨浓度胁迫后,Sc-HSP90在缢蛏肝胰腺中的表达量变化。组织间不同字母的数据差异显著(p<0.05),星号(*)表示在各时间点胁迫组与对照组之间的显著差异(*p<0.05;**p<0.01;***p<0.001)

, figureFileSmall=Rjxg6ugcNH0ryvTUJoNJ4g==, figureFileBig=nW7oFhHRp6pq1tXeEk3dMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1246538009974296996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243954926108393752, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

The information of primers and sequences used in this experiment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物名称序列(5′-3′)引物信息
LongCTAATACGACTCACTATAGGGCAAGCAGTGGTATCAACGCAGAGTRACE扩增接头引物
ShortCTAATACGACTCACTATAGGGCRACE扩增接头引物
T3GAGAGTGCTCGCAACTTAGAAATCGCCGSc-GSTσ 3′RACE扩增
T5CGGCATGTCTGGTTTCCGTTGGSc-GSTσ 5′RACE扩增
P3CGCATCCCTCAATACTCTTGGTCGSc-HSP90 3′RACE扩增
P5CCTCGTCTTCCTCCAAATCCTCTACCTTSc-HSP90 5′RACE扩增
M13 FCGCCAGGGTTTTCCCAGTCACGACT1载体通用引物
M13 RGAGCGGATAACAATTTCACACAGGT1载体通用引物
T F1TGGAGTCTCTGGGTGATACGSc-GSTσ全长验证引物
T R1ACAACAACGCTGAAACTGGASc-GSTσ全长验证引物
T F2TTCTTGTGGAGCAGTACAGTTCTAASc-GSTσ全长验证引物
T R2CAAAATCAAAAGGCTGTCGCSc-GSTσ全长验证引物
P F1GTTTACTCAGAAAGACGCACGGSc-HSP90全长验证引物
P R1CTACTACGACGCATAATGGAGCSc-HSP90全长验证引物
P F2GGCTGCCAAGAAGAACCTASc-HSP90全长验证引物
P R2AAATCACAGATTGAACAATCAAGTASc-HSP90全长验证引物
RS9 FTGAAGTCTGGCGTGTCAAGT内参基因荧光定量引物
RS9 RCGTCTCAAAAGGGCATTACC内参基因荧光定量引物
GST FGAACCGACGAGAATCAGAAGASc-GSTσ荧光定量引物
GST RAAACATCGCCGAAACCACGSc-GSTσ荧光定量引物
HSP90 FGATGAAGGGGAGGTGGAAASc-HSP90荧光定量引物
HSP90 RGTGTCAATGAGGGTCAGTGTGTSc-HSP90荧光定量引物
), ArticleFig(id=1246538010100126126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1243954926108393752, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

本实验所用引物及序列信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物名称序列(5′-3′)引物信息
LongCTAATACGACTCACTATAGGGCAAGCAGTGGTATCAACGCAGAGTRACE扩增接头引物
ShortCTAATACGACTCACTATAGGGCRACE扩增接头引物
T3GAGAGTGCTCGCAACTTAGAAATCGCCGSc-GSTσ 3′RACE扩增
T5CGGCATGTCTGGTTTCCGTTGGSc-GSTσ 5′RACE扩增
P3CGCATCCCTCAATACTCTTGGTCGSc-HSP90 3′RACE扩增
P5CCTCGTCTTCCTCCAAATCCTCTACCTTSc-HSP90 5′RACE扩增
M13 FCGCCAGGGTTTTCCCAGTCACGACT1载体通用引物
M13 RGAGCGGATAACAATTTCACACAGGT1载体通用引物
T F1TGGAGTCTCTGGGTGATACGSc-GSTσ全长验证引物
T R1ACAACAACGCTGAAACTGGASc-GSTσ全长验证引物
T F2TTCTTGTGGAGCAGTACAGTTCTAASc-GSTσ全长验证引物
T R2CAAAATCAAAAGGCTGTCGCSc-GSTσ全长验证引物
P F1GTTTACTCAGAAAGACGCACGGSc-HSP90全长验证引物
P R1CTACTACGACGCATAATGGAGCSc-HSP90全长验证引物
P F2GGCTGCCAAGAAGAACCTASc-HSP90全长验证引物
P R2AAATCACAGATTGAACAATCAAGTASc-HSP90全长验证引物
RS9 FTGAAGTCTGGCGTGTCAAGT内参基因荧光定量引物
RS9 RCGTCTCAAAAGGGCATTACC内参基因荧光定量引物
GST FGAACCGACGAGAATCAGAAGASc-GSTσ荧光定量引物
GST RAAACATCGCCGAAACCACGSc-GSTσ荧光定量引物
HSP90 FGATGAAGGGGAGGTGGAAASc-HSP90荧光定量引物
HSP90 RGTGTCAATGAGGGTCAGTGTGTSc-HSP90荧光定量引物
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缢蛏(Sinonovacula constrictaGSTHSP90基因克隆及其在氨氮胁迫下的表达特征分析
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张欢 1, 2 , 董迎辉 2 , 姚韩韩 2 , 俞凯佳 2 , 胡月亚 2 , 林志华 2, *
海洋学报 | 海洋生物 2020,42(4): 66-78
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海洋学报 | 海洋生物 2020, 42(4): 66-78
缢蛏(Sinonovacula constrictaGSTHSP90基因克隆及其在氨氮胁迫下的表达特征分析
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张欢1, 2 , 董迎辉2, 姚韩韩2, 俞凯佳2, 胡月亚2, 林志华2, *
作者信息
  • 1 宁波大学 海洋学院,浙江 宁波 315823
  • 2 浙江万里学院 生物与环境学院 浙江省水产种质资源高效利用技术研究重点实验室,浙江 宁波 315100
  • 张欢(1994-),女,浙江省衢州市人,研究方向为海洋贝类种质资源与遗传育种研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*林志华,男,研究员,博士生导师,主要从事贝类遗传育种研究。E-mail:
Cloning of GST and HSP90 genes of Sinonovacula constricta and analysis of their expression characteristics under ammonia nitrogen stress
Huan Zhang1, 2 , Yinghui Dong2, Hanhan Yao2, Kaijia Yu2, Yueya Hu2, Zhihua Lin2, *
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315823, China
  • 2 Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, College of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China
出版时间: 2020-04-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.04.008
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克隆获得缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(Sc-GSTσ)和热休克蛋白90(Sc-HSP90)基因的cDNA全长,分析了它们的组织表达差异及其在氨氮胁迫下的表达特征。结果表明,Sc-GSTσ的全长cDNA为1 414 bp,含有639 bp的开放阅读框(Open Reading Frame,ORF),编码212个氨基酸,Sc-GSTσ氨基酸序列与其他物种的GST氨基酸序列同源性为31.88%~43.40%;而Sc-HSP90的全长cDNA为2 752 bp,ORF为2 181 bp,编码726个氨基酸,其氨基酸序列与其他物种HSP90的氨基酸序列同源性为76.77%~87.05%。荧光定量PCR分析发现,Sc-GSTσSc-HSP90在缢蛏各组织中均有表达,两者均在肝胰腺中表达量最高。氨氮胁迫后,Sc-GSTσSc-HSP90 mRNA在肝胰腺中表达均显著上调(p<0.05),表明氨氮胁迫引起机体的应激反应,2个基因可能参与机体解毒或防御过程。但胁迫后期表达量下降推测是机体的防御能力有限,不足以完全保护宿主免受应激诱导的细胞损伤。

缢蛏  /  GST  /  HSP90  /  氨氮  /  表达特征

The full-length cDNA of glutathione S-transferase (Sc-GSTσ) and heat shock protein 90 (Sc-HSP90) genes were cloned from Sinonovacula constricta and their expression characteristics under ammonia nitrogen stress were analyzed. The results show that the full-length cDNA of Sc-GSTσ was 1 414 bp, and containing 639 bp open reading frame (ORF), encoding 212 amino acid polypeptides. The homology of amino acid sequence of Sc-GSTσ with other species’ GST amino acid sequence was 31.88%−43.40%. The full-length cDNA of Sc-HSP90 was 2 752 bp, ORF was 2 181 bp, encoding 726 amino acids. The amino acid sequence was 76.77%−87.05% homology with other species. Quantitative analysis showed that Sc-GSTσ and Sc-HSP90 genes were expressed in all tested tissues, the strongest expression being in the digestive gland. After exposure to ammonia, the mRNA expression of Sc-GSTσ and Sc-HSP90 were significantly up-regulated (p<0.05) in the digestive gland, indicating that ammonia stress induced stress response, both GST and HSP90 may be participate the process of detoxification or defense. However, the decrease of expression in the later period of stress is presumed to be due to the organism have limited ability to defense, which is not enough to protect the host from stress-induced cell damage.

Sinonovacula constricta  /  GST  /  HSP90  /  ammonia nitrogen  /  expression characteristics
张欢, 董迎辉, 姚韩韩, 俞凯佳, 胡月亚, 林志华. 缢蛏(Sinonovacula constrictaGSTHSP90基因克隆及其在氨氮胁迫下的表达特征分析. 海洋学报, 2020 , 42 (4) : 66 -78 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.04.008
Huan Zhang, Yinghui Dong, Hanhan Yao, Kaijia Yu, Yueya Hu, Zhihua Lin. Cloning of GST and HSP90 genes of Sinonovacula constricta and analysis of their expression characteristics under ammonia nitrogen stress[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2020 , 42 (4) : 66 -78 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.04.008
随着水产养殖集约化的发展,养殖动物的排泄物、粪便和残饵积累分解,导致水体中氨氮浓度偏高[1]。据报道,添加到养殖系统中的氮源(通常在饵料中)有52%~95%未被利用,导致水体中氨氮浓度急剧升高[2]。在水环境中,氨氮主要以游离氨(NH3)和离子氨(NH4+)两种形式存在,二者之和为总氨氮(Total Ammonium Nitrogen,TAN)。NH3由于脂溶性易穿过细胞膜进入体内,而其在体内累积则会导致机体中毒,甚至死亡[3-5]。氨氮作为水产养殖环境的胁迫因素之一,其浓度升高显著影响机体内氨基酸代谢、活性氧(Reactive Oxygen Species,ROS)代谢、抗氧化过程和免疫应答等过程,从而严重影响养殖动物的生存和养殖业的发展[6-8]
氨氮中毒的早期特征主要是体内积累过量的氨、ROS、丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)等,继而导致氧化应激、机体损伤等[9],而氨诱导大量生成的ROS是引起细胞毒性的重要因素之一[10-12]。在氨氮暴露后,罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)肝和肌肉中的氧化酶活力显著升高,以应对氨引起的氧化应激[13],而欧洲鲈鱼(Dicentrarchus labra[14]、亚马逊河虾(Macrobrachium amazonicum[15]则引起体内第二阶段抗氧化酶活性的改变。谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(Glutathione S-transferases,GST)作为抗氧化系统中第二道防线的主要成员,主要参与有害亲电性的内源性和外源性化合物的解毒过程,包括脂质过氧化产物和致癌物、环境污染物[16-17]。GST还催化谷胱甘肽(Glutathione,GSH)与亲电子外源化学物结合,将毒性物质转化成易排泄的水溶性形式[18]。由于其对环境污染物的解毒能力,水生动物中的GST已被广泛用作监测水环境污染的生物标志物[17, 19]。环境污染物(如重金属、微生物、氨氮等)还可以诱导第二阶段解毒酶的基因表达[16-17, 20],但目前关于氨氮胁迫导致GST基因变化的报道很少[21]。氨氮会损害生物的许多生理功能,如干扰蛋白质折叠和运输[22]。蛋白水平的研究表明,氨氮胁迫下表达水平发生显著改变的蛋白主要参与蛋白质合成和转运,并且抵抗应激刺激[23],如氨诱导暗纹东方鲀(Takifugu obscurus)肝脏中热休克蛋白(Heat Shock Proteins,HSP70和HSP90)显著表达,表明氨可引起机体启动应激机制以保护细胞免受损伤[4]。而作为分子伴侣,HSP有助于细胞从胁迫中恢复,其是具有重折叠应激变性蛋白或协助新生蛋白折叠功能的高度保守性应激蛋白,并调控多种细胞过程(如应激防御、细胞周期控制和细胞凋亡)[22, 24]。作为热休克蛋白家族的重要成员,HSP90可应对多种环境因子胁迫,其主要通过形成特定复合物来维护关键蛋白,如类固醇受体和蛋白激酶[22]。由于HSP90在保护生物体免受损害方面具有重要作用,可对多种环境因子胁迫进行调节,被作为监测水环境健康的敏感生物标志物[24]。有研究表明,氨可诱导脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda[25]和栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri[26]HSP90的表达。
缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)是我国海水池塘综合养殖的重要底栖经济贝类,其具有养殖周期短、营养价值高、味道鲜美等优点,在浙江、福建等东南沿海广泛养殖,2017年全国养殖总产量达到86.2万t[27]。缢蛏由于埋栖、滤食及开放式循环特点,易受到水体污染物的暴露和有害影响,同时对污染物也具有较高的耐受性[28-29]。本研究对Sc-GSTσSc-HSP90基因的序列特征、组织表达和氨氮胁迫后的表达特征进行分析,了解氨氮对水生动物的早期毒性作用和机体潜在防御机制,以期为缢蛏大规模安全养殖提供科学指导。
实验用缢蛏(壳长(63.42±1.57)mm)于2018年4月采自宁波市海洋与渔业研究院科技创新基地。取健康无病、规格基本一致的20颗缢蛏,用2 mL无菌一次性注射器从后闭壳肌取血,置于冻存管中,并解剖取其鳃、肝胰腺、足、外套膜、水管和闭壳肌,液氮速冻后保存在−80℃超低温冰箱中,用于后续RNA提取。
暴露实验前清洁缢蛏壳表污物,暂养在盐度22、温度15℃的海水中,24 h连续充气,每日全换水1次,暂养期间定时投喂亚心形扁藻。暂养7 d后进行实验。
实验分别设置对照组和实验组,每组随机放置80颗缢蛏在100 L水体中,以自然海水中的氨氮浓度作为对照组,实验组氨氮依据半致死浓度(244.55 mg/L,本实验室未发表数据)分别设置为140 mg/L和220 mg/L,每天全换水两次,实验期间水体盐度为22.76±0.92、pH值为8.17±0.43、水温为(15.24±3.85)℃,不投饵、不充气,每6 h测定各组氨氮浓度,及时用NH4Cl母液调节氨氮浓度。实验进行到0 h、3 h、6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h、72 h和96 h后,每组随机取6颗缢蛏,解剖取肝胰腺,液氮速冻后保存在−80℃超低温冰箱中。
利用TRIzol试剂(Omega)提取肝胰腺总RNA,采用分光光度计(GE Healthcare,Nanovue Plus)测定RNA的浓度和纯度,并通过电泳检测其完整性。通过SMARTTM RACE(Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends)试剂盒(TaKaRa)将RNA合成cDNA第一链,作为全长克隆的模板。在缢蛏转录组库中检索GSTHSP90基因的EST序列,通过Primer5.0设计克隆引物(表1),根据采用聚合酶(Advantage 2 Polymerase Mix Kit,TaKaRa)进行2个基因的全长扩增,扩增产物经电泳检验后进行回收纯化,纯化的产物与载体T1(TransGen)连接后导入到感受态细胞中,经12 h培养后筛选阳性克隆进行测序。测得的序列利用DNAMAN6.0拼接得到其cDNA全长序列,为确定克隆和测序的准确性,以得到的全长cDNA为模板设计一对特异性引物(表1)进行PCR扩增验证。
获得的cDNA全长序列通过开放阅读框(Open Reading Frame,ORF)查询器(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/orffinder/)预测ORF及氨基酸序列;通过蛋白质专家分析系统(Expert Protein Analysis System,ExPASy)在线软件(https://web.expasy.org/compute_pi/)预测蛋白质的分子量和等电点;分析蛋白质疏水性(ExPASy-ProtScale,https://web.expasy.org/protscale/);预测氨基酸是否存在信号肽(SignalP,http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/SignalP/);利用Smart在线软件(http://smart.embl-heidelberg.de/)对蛋白进行功能域预测,通过Swiss Model在线软件(https://swissmodel.expasy.org/interactive)预测蛋白质高级结构;利用美国国立生物技术信息中心(National Center of Biotechnology Information,NCBI)数据库中的本地序列基本搜索工具(Basic Local Alignment Search Tool,BLAST;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST/)进行序列比对,搜索同源序列;利用MEGA5.2软件构建系统进化树,利用DNAMAN6.0软件进行同源序列的多重比较。
提取缢蛏组织的总RNA,用专用反转录试剂(TaKaRa,PrimeScript™ RT reagent Kit with gDNA Eraser)进行RNA反转录,得到实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction,qRT-PCR)cDNA模板。根据全长序列设计荧光定量引物(表1),以核糖体蛋白S9(Ribosomal Protein S9,RS9)基因作为内参基因[30]。用定量PCR仪(Roche,LightCycler® 480)进行qRT-PCR扩增,每组样本设定4个平行,3个重复,所得数据采用2−ΔΔCt法对相对表达水平进行计算,结果以平均值±标准偏差(Mean±SD)表示,利用SPSS13.0进行单因素方差分析(One-way ANOVA)。
克隆得到Sc-GSTσ基因cDNA全长序列为1 414 bp(GenBank登录号:MK301159),包含639 bp的ORF,编码212个氨基酸,根据氨基酸序列推导出Sc-GSTσ基因编码蛋白质的分子量为24.54 kDa,理论等电点为7.68。ExPASy-ProtScale软件预测显示,该蛋白质在氨基酸组成上,极性氨基酸所占比例较高,表现为亲水性,且没有明显的信号肽。预测Sc-GSTσ蛋白含有2个功能域,即GST-N(3-84 aa)和GST-C(86-212 aa)(图1a),其二级结构由271个H键、螺旋数25和42个转角组成。
同源氨基酸序列比对显示,Sc-GSTσ与菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum,AEW46327.1)GSTσ的同源性及同源性数据最高(43.40%),与紫贻贝(Mytilus galloprovincialis,AFQ35985.1)、海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians,ANG56313.1)、刺参(Apostichopus japonicus,PIK56346.1)等无脊椎动物的同源性在26.67%~40.49%,与人(Homo sapiens,O60760.3)、小家鼠(Mus musculus,Q9JHF7.3)、家鸡(Gallus gallus,O73888.3)等脊椎动物的同源性为26.67%~29.52%。GSTσ同源序列比对显示,Sc-GSTσ的保守性较低。Sc-GSTσ与其他无脊椎动物GST和脊椎动物PGD进行多重比较,确定N端结构域显示较保守,C端结构域多样(图1b图1c)。系统进化树结果显示,产生了4个不同的簇,分别是σ、Mu、Ω和微粒体GST,其中微粒体GST与其他3个类群保持相当大的遗传距离。每一类贝类GST与无脊椎动物GST的位置非常接近,而Sc-GSTσ与菲律宾蛤仔GSTσ3最亲密,其亚群及分支表明缢蛏Sc-GSTσ确实为σ亚型(图2)。
Sc-HSP90基因cDNA全长序列为2 752 bp(GenBank登录号:MK301157),其中含有2 181 bp的ORF,编码726个氨基酸。根据氨基酸序列推导出其编码蛋白质的分子量为83.10 kDa,理论等电点4.78。ExPASy-ProtScale软件预测显示,该蛋白质表现为亲水性,没有明显的信号肽。Smart软件预测得到Sc-HSP90蛋白也含有2个功能域,分别是HATPase-C(35−189 aa)和HSP90(191−720 aa),其中含有5个家族标签序列(35NKEIFLRELISNASDALDKIR55102LGTIAKSGT110126IGQFGVGFYSA136354IKLYVRRVFI363380GVVDSEDLPLNISRE394)。Swiss model软件预测显示,Sc-HSP90蛋白的二级结构由448个H键、螺旋数31和72个转角组成。
序列同源性分析表明,Sc-HSP90氨基酸序列与已知物种序列的同源性超过70%。与其他软体动物的HSP90的同源性超过79%,其中与河蚬(Corbicula fluminea,AMM04544.1)和菲律宾蛤仔(AHY275448.1)的同源性最高,分别为88.32%和87.05%。多重序列比对表明,Sc-HSP90具有高度保守性,特别是在HSP90家族标签区域(图3a)。系统进化树结果显示,这些蛋白分为两个簇,一簇包含软体动物、甲壳动物和脊椎动物,另一簇包含两个昆虫纲。所有脊椎动物聚集在一起,形成两个分支(HSP90α和HSP90β亚型)。而甲壳动物聚集在一起,与软体动物分支互为姐妹群。显然,Sc-HSP90与软体动物HSP90聚为一亚支,并与菲律宾蛤仔、河蚬的HSP90亲缘关系最近(图3b)。
利用qRT-PCR技术检测了Sc-GSTσSc-HSP90基因在鳃、肝胰腺、足、外套膜、血液、水管和闭壳肌7个组织中的表达。结果表明,Sc-GSTσ在肝胰腺中的表达量最高,显著高于其他6个组织(p<0.05),而其他组织间表达量没有显著性差异(图4a1)。Sc-HSP90基因也在肝胰腺中表达量最高(p<0.05),其次是鳃、血液和水管,外套膜中表达量最低(图4b1)。
氨氮胁迫后缢蛏肝胰腺中Sc-GSTσSc-HSP90的mRNA水平升高(图4)。在140 mg/L氨浓度暴露下Sc-GSTσ基因在肝胰腺中的表达量持续上升,在48 h达到峰值,显著高于对照组(p<0.05),随后表达量显著下调,72 h恢复到对照组水平,然而96 h又显著高于对照组。而在220 mg/L氨浓度暴露下,Sc-GSTσ mRNA表达水平在3 h显著上升,在6 h达到最大值,但随后显著下降,在24 h下降到与对照组无显著性差异,然而之后又缓慢上升直至96 h(图4a2)。
在140 mg/L和220 mg/L氨氮胁迫下,Sc-HSP90的转录水平呈现先升后降的趋势,分别在48 h和24 h达到峰值,显著高于对照组(p<0.05),140 mg/L氨氮胁迫72~96 h其表达量有所下降,但仍显著高于对照组,而220 mg/L氨氮胁迫72~96 h表达水平恢复到对照组水平(图4b2)。
GST作为具有解毒和抗氧化等多种生理功能的蛋白酶,在哺乳动物和水生动物中已被广泛研究[17, 31-32]。本研究克隆得到Sc-GSTσ基因的全长cDNA,其氨基酸序列与其他动物GST氨基酸序列比对显示相似度不高,该结果与曼氏无针乌贼(Sepiella maindroni)、三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingiiGST基因的分析结果相似[19, 33]。Sigma型GST是一个大家族,包括来自不同有机体的亚型,因此不同物种GSTσ型之间的同源性较弱。结构域分析表明,在Sc-GSTσ N端含有一个GST_N结构域,该结构域是GSH结合位点(G位点),还存在一个相当保守的酪氨酸残基(Try,Y5)在催化反应中起重要作用,而且在C末端还存在一个GST_C结构域,是亲电子物质即底物结合位点(H位点)。对GSTσ的结构域比较分析表明,所有物种均存在N末端和C末端结构域,但多重比较发现含有G位点的N末端区域较保守,其与GST功能紧密相关,而含H位点的C末端显示出高度变异性,这种差异可能表明物种间存在底物特异性[34-35]
作为应激蛋白中的重要成员,热休克蛋白已被广泛研究,其中对缢蛏热休克家族的研究包括Sc-HSP70[36]和小分子热休克蛋白Sc-sHAP[37],而关于HSP90的报道尚未见到。在本研究中,推导Sc-HSP90氨基酸序列发现,其具有HSP90家族标签序列和腺嘌呤核苷三磷酸(Adenosine triphosphate,ATP)结合域,这与哺乳动物和水生动物的研究一致[38-40]。根据C末端存在722MEEVD726序列,则Sc-HSP90属于细胞溶质HSP90家族[40-41]。序列多重比较表明,缢蛏Sc-HSP90序列具有高度保守性,基于系统进化树分析进一步表明,Sc-HSP90是HSP90家族成员。在系统发育树中,脊椎动物存在HSP90α和HSP90β两个亚型。相比之下,大多数无脊椎动物只有一个HSP90基因。与所有脊椎动物HSP90β亚型一样,Sc-HSP90氨基酸序列N末端缺少α亚型特有的dsDNA依赖激酶磷酸化位点[39-41]。这些结果表明,Sc-HSP90应该属于HSP90β亚型家族。
本研究通过qRT-PCR方法检测氨暴露下Sc-GSTσ mRNA在肝胰腺中的转录水平,结果表明在氨氮胁迫下Sc-GSTσ转录水平显著上升,随着暴露时间推移表达水平下降,接近正常水平,并且高浓度氨氮胁迫下Sc-GSTσ的表达水平明显低于低浓度氨氮胁迫,这与暗纹东方鲀(Takifugu obscurus[12]、脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda[42]、三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus[8]的研究结果相似。由此表明,缢蛏对氨氮胁迫较敏感,氨氮胁迫初始阶段下GST基因高表达参与氨氮的解毒过程,但在氨氮持续胁迫下,GST的表达降低,解毒能力减弱。研究表明持续胁迫下,抗氧化防御系统未能及时清除ROS,其在体内过度积累,导致机体代谢能力的降低,从而影响相关基因的表达[21, 42]。此外,机体氧化应激强度随着氨氮浓度的增加而增加[13],氨在水生动物组织中积累,引起机体释放大量ROS,导致氧化损伤[42]。黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus vachelli)血液中超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)和过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)活性在高浓度氨氮胁迫下低于低浓度氨氮胁迫,而且在高浓度氨氮胁迫下体内MDA含量显著升高[43]。氨氮胁迫后期或高氨氮胁迫下体内会累积过量的自由基,超出机体的清除能力,从而造成脂质过氧化,加剧细胞和组织损伤。由此表明,抗氧化酶mRNA的表达是具有时间和剂量依赖性的,并且与机体的代谢能力相关[24]Sc-GSTσ基因表达上调表明,GST的表达量可以用作指示环境氨氮毒性的生物标记。
ROS对机体细胞有害,具有毒性诱变作用,可诱导蛋白质变性或蛋白毒性[22]。氨除了诱导ROS的大量生成,还可能会干扰体内蛋白质和氨基酸平衡、运输,增加细胞中蛋白质碎片化和聚集[44]。研究发现氨诱导草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella[24]、宽体沙鳅(Aeromonas hydrophila[22]、山黄鳝(Monopterus cuchia[44]肝脏中HSP90的表达水平上调,而在本研究中氨氮胁迫下缢蛏肝胰腺中Sc-HSP90表达量显著上升,达到峰值后显著下降。这表明氨氮胁迫下,体内高表达的HSP90可能有助于防止蛋白质变性或损伤从而保护细胞免受损害,这可作为缢蛏对氨氮胁迫的适应性反应。此外其高表达量也可能意味着高氨氮胁迫造成机体高水平的蛋白损伤,其基因表达的增加,可能表明机体对氨氮胁迫的耐受性的增强[45]。然而,随着胁迫时间延长而表达量减少,这可能是由于HSP90修复受损DNA和蛋白的能力有限,变性的蛋白在体内累积,影响正常细胞的代谢能力[26]
本研究克隆得到Sc-GSTσSc-HSP90基因的cDNA全长序列,同源性分析表明,它们均与菲律宾蛤仔的同源性最高。这2个基因在缢蛏7个组织中均有表达,且均在肝胰腺中表达量最高。经氨氮胁迫后,Sc-GSTσSc-HSP90的表达量均显著上升,表明这2个基因均参与氨氮胁迫的应激反应,但高浓度氨氮胁迫或胁迫后期,其表达量下降,表明它们在肝胰腺中积极响应氨氮胁迫。研究结果为进一步研究氨氮对缢蛏的早期毒性作用和潜在应激机制奠定了基础。
  • 国家现代贝类产业技术体系项目(CARS-49);浙江省农业新品种选育重大科技专项(2016C02055-9);国家水产种质资源平台运行服务项目(2019DKA30470);宁波市“环境科学与工程”一流学科项目。
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2020年第42卷第4期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2020.04.008
  • 接收时间:2019-05-27
  • 首发时间:2026-03-26
  • 出版时间:2020-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2019-05-27
  • 修回日期:2019-08-21
基金
国家现代贝类产业技术体系项目(CARS-49);浙江省农业新品种选育重大科技专项(2016C02055-9);国家水产种质资源平台运行服务项目(2019DKA30470);宁波市“环境科学与工程”一流学科项目。
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    1 宁波大学 海洋学院,浙江 宁波 315823
    2 浙江万里学院 生物与环境学院 浙江省水产种质资源高效利用技术研究重点实验室,浙江 宁波 315100

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*林志华,男,研究员,博士生导师,主要从事贝类遗传育种研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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