Article(id=1233909115756540255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1233909111440593385, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12284/hyxb2021137, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1594137600000, receivedDateStr=2020-07-08, revisedDate=1617552000000, revisedDateStr=2021-04-05, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1772116458118, onlineDateStr=2026-02-26, pubDate=1635091200000, pubDateStr=2021-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1772116458118, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1772116458118, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772116458118, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1233909111440593385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2021', volume='43', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='156', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1772116457090, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772116457090, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null}, startPage=97, endPage=105, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1233909116738007411, articleId=1233909115756540255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=Experimental investigation of breaking waves impacting a vertical pile in a large model scale, columnId=1194652705852465724, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Wave breaking is the most prominent feature of the ocean surface and it induces huge loads on structures. In this study, laboratory experiments in a large model scale are carried out to study wave forces on a vertical pile induced by breaking waves and non-breaking extreme waves, and to get insight the magnitude and the distribution of the wave forces, pressure transducers are installed in the face of the tested pile. The results show that in repeated experiments the wave pressures induced by the breaking waves present a wider variance compared with non-breaking waves; as the breaking density at the pile increases and the measuring point gets closer to wave crest, the variance of pressures increases; the maximum measured pressures can reach three times of the maximum hydrostatic pressure and occur at around 1.2 times of the maximum water surface. Based on the continuous wavelet spectrums of the wave pressures, different breaking phases show different characteristics: when the wave breaks far in front of the pile, its spectrum has a high frequency range with a wider vertical distribution, indicting more complicated pressures; when the wave breaks at the front of the pile, the wave force reaches a highest value.

, correspAuthors=Huaqing Zhang, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2021 Pratacultural Science. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Bing Tai, Yuxiang Ma, Siyu Yang, Huaqing Zhang, Songgui Chen, Guohai Dong), CN=ArticleExt(id=1233909118738690546, articleId=1233909115756540255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=破碎波冲击直立桩柱的大比尺试验研究, columnId=1149698756456657529, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

波浪破碎是海洋中最常见的现象之一,其能够对海洋中的结构物产生巨大的波浪力作用。本文在大比尺波浪水槽通过聚焦波的方法生成了极端波浪和不同破碎阶段的破碎波浪,并对其冲击桩柱过程中的点压力进行了测量,进而采用连续小波变换的方法,对桩柱上点压力的分布及大小进行了细致分析。结果表明,多次重复试验下,相比非破碎极端波浪,破碎极端波浪产生的点压力离散性更强;波浪破碎程度越大,测点位置越靠近波峰,则点压力离散程度越大;破碎波的最大点压力出现在1.2倍的最大波面附近,且其大小可达3倍的最大静水压力;基于点压力小波谱,不同破碎阶段破碎波产生冲击作用不同,对于波浪作用桩柱前波浪已经发生破碎的情况,其冲击区域更大,点压力分布更复杂;而对于桩面破碎的情况,其造成的波浪总力更大。

, correspAuthors=张华庆, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
张华庆,研究员,主要从事港口及航道工程、水流泥沙及水动力理论等方面的研究。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《海洋学报》编辑部 2021, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=HOBXlwKmcZ/N8e5lc9bx+Q==, magXml=FxTm+rMVhyCF8OyJR4JUbQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=wWA2rmyamKAxCMByHfuMhg==, pdfFileSize=1628253, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=/ICrqOjl9P9Ml3sGXWyFpA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=az32WWy58EHWG4dAVmTbAA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

台兵(1994-),男,湖北省钟祥市人,博士研究生,主要从事极端波浪与结构物作用的研究。E-mail:

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台兵(1994-),男,湖北省钟祥市人,博士研究生,主要从事极端波浪与结构物作用的研究。E-mail:

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台兵(1994-),男,湖北省钟祥市人,博士研究生,主要从事极端波浪与结构物作用的研究。E-mail:

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articleId=1233909115756540255, language=CN, label=图8, caption=破碎组况下桩柱迎浪面受力情况, figureFileSmall=Sg38jCeGEulHX3tHUjCEng==, figureFileBig=l9MhtkzCfSGui6J8a1IOJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233931936276738832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233909115756540255, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

List of all the cases

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组况名称理论聚焦位置xf/m线性聚焦波幅 A/m是否破碎波浪破碎相对桩柱位置测量最大波面/m
平均值$ {\bar \eta _{\max }} $标准差标准差/平均值
组况P12421.15破碎桩柱前方破碎0.7780.0465.9%
组况P22431.15破碎桩柱面前破碎0.8710.0384.4%
组况P32461.15破碎桩柱后方破碎0.8500.0202.3%
组况N12461.10未破碎0.8060.0364.5%
组况N22460.90未破碎0.6770.0162.4%
组况N32460.70未破碎0.5810.0061.0%
), ArticleFig(id=1233931936348042005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233909115756540255, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

试验组况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组况名称理论聚焦位置xf/m线性聚焦波幅 A/m是否破碎波浪破碎相对桩柱位置测量最大波面/m
平均值$ {\bar \eta _{\max }} $标准差标准差/平均值
组况P12421.15破碎桩柱前方破碎0.7780.0465.9%
组况P22431.15破碎桩柱面前破碎0.8710.0384.4%
组况P32461.15破碎桩柱后方破碎0.8500.0202.3%
组况N12461.10未破碎0.8060.0364.5%
组况N22460.90未破碎0.6770.0162.4%
组况N32460.70未破碎0.5810.0061.0%
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破碎波冲击直立桩柱的大比尺试验研究
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台兵 1 , 马玉祥 1 , 杨思宇 1 , 张华庆 2, * , 陈松贵 2 , 董国海 1
海洋学报 | 论文 2021,43(10): 97-105
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海洋学报 | 论文 2021, 43(10): 97-105
破碎波冲击直立桩柱的大比尺试验研究
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台兵1 , 马玉祥1, 杨思宇1, 张华庆2, * , 陈松贵2, 董国海1
作者信息
  • 1大连理工大学 海岸和近海工程国家重点实验室,辽宁 大连 116024
  • 2交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究院,天津 300456
  • 台兵(1994-),男,湖北省钟祥市人,博士研究生,主要从事极端波浪与结构物作用的研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

张华庆,研究员,主要从事港口及航道工程、水流泥沙及水动力理论等方面的研究。E-mail:
Experimental investigation of breaking waves impacting a vertical pile in a large model scale
Bing Tai1 , Yuxiang Ma1, Siyu Yang1, Huaqing Zhang2, * , Songgui Chen2, Guohai Dong1
Affiliations
  • 1State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
  • 2Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering, Ministry of Transport, Tianjin 300456, China
出版时间: 2021-10-25 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2021137
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波浪破碎是海洋中最常见的现象之一,其能够对海洋中的结构物产生巨大的波浪力作用。本文在大比尺波浪水槽通过聚焦波的方法生成了极端波浪和不同破碎阶段的破碎波浪,并对其冲击桩柱过程中的点压力进行了测量,进而采用连续小波变换的方法,对桩柱上点压力的分布及大小进行了细致分析。结果表明,多次重复试验下,相比非破碎极端波浪,破碎极端波浪产生的点压力离散性更强;波浪破碎程度越大,测点位置越靠近波峰,则点压力离散程度越大;破碎波的最大点压力出现在1.2倍的最大波面附近,且其大小可达3倍的最大静水压力;基于点压力小波谱,不同破碎阶段破碎波产生冲击作用不同,对于波浪作用桩柱前波浪已经发生破碎的情况,其冲击区域更大,点压力分布更复杂;而对于桩面破碎的情况,其造成的波浪总力更大。

大比尺物理模型试验  /  破碎波  /  桩柱  /  波浪力

Wave breaking is the most prominent feature of the ocean surface and it induces huge loads on structures. In this study, laboratory experiments in a large model scale are carried out to study wave forces on a vertical pile induced by breaking waves and non-breaking extreme waves, and to get insight the magnitude and the distribution of the wave forces, pressure transducers are installed in the face of the tested pile. The results show that in repeated experiments the wave pressures induced by the breaking waves present a wider variance compared with non-breaking waves; as the breaking density at the pile increases and the measuring point gets closer to wave crest, the variance of pressures increases; the maximum measured pressures can reach three times of the maximum hydrostatic pressure and occur at around 1.2 times of the maximum water surface. Based on the continuous wavelet spectrums of the wave pressures, different breaking phases show different characteristics: when the wave breaks far in front of the pile, its spectrum has a high frequency range with a wider vertical distribution, indicting more complicated pressures; when the wave breaks at the front of the pile, the wave force reaches a highest value.

large scale experiments  /  breaking waves  /  pile  /  wave force
台兵, 马玉祥, 杨思宇, 张华庆, 陈松贵, 董国海. 破碎波冲击直立桩柱的大比尺试验研究. 海洋学报, 2021 , 43 (10) : 97 -105 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2021137
Bing Tai, Yuxiang Ma, Siyu Yang, Huaqing Zhang, Songgui Chen, Guohai Dong. Experimental investigation of breaking waves impacting a vertical pile in a large model scale[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2021 , 43 (10) : 97 -105 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2021137
波浪破碎在海面上十分常见,它是波浪传播演化中,波峰到达极限状态,波面出现不稳定甚至翻卷并伴随白浪出现的复杂物理现象。波浪破碎有着剧烈的能量和动量变化,不仅能够影响海气交换,而且对海洋结构物产生巨大的冲击作用[1-3]。近些年随着全球气候的变化,极端大浪频发,而极端大浪常常伴随着波浪破碎的发生,因而开展破碎波作用于结构物的波浪力研究十分必要。本文即以单桩式风机基础结构为研究对象,在大比尺水槽中开展桩柱在破碎波浪作用下受力特征的试验研究。
由于破碎过程复杂,常伴随着强烈的掺气紊流现象。因此,目前通过物理模型试验开展破碎波及其作用的研究是最有效的途径。许多研究表明,即使同一个破碎波浪,其不同破碎阶段所造成的波浪作用力也不相同[4-5]。Wienke和Oumeraci[2]通过色散聚焦造波方法,试验研究了不同破碎阶段波浪作用力的特征,结果表明桩柱受到的破碎波浪总力与波浪的破碎阶段密切相关。Tai等[6]同样在试验中发现不同破碎阶段下的波浪总力变化较大,但波浪力的准静态力成分变化较小。为了细致研究不同破碎阶段波浪力的特征,Chan等[4]对不同破碎阶段波浪作用在桩柱时的点压力进行了测量,试验结果表明桩柱上的点压力对不同破碎阶段波浪敏感程度较大。然而,需要注意的是,目前大部分试验研究均在较小试验比尺下进行,Dias和Ghidaglia[7]指出在研究波浪冲击过程中的点压力时,应当考虑比尺效应影响。
为了考虑试验过程中的比尺效应,一方面可以建立比尺换算法则,例如Bredmose等[8]通过理论研究给出适用于气液混合体冲击结构时冲击压强的比尺换算法则,然而该理论基于气体不泄露假设等多个假设,因而不能完全应用于破碎波浪冲击桩柱的情况。另一方面可以通过多个比尺试验,通过经验估算比尺效应的影响[9-10],然而该方法会消耗较大的人力、物力和财力,且试验条件不容易满足。因此,为了尽量避免试验中比尺效应的影响,应当选择原模型比尺或者较大模型比尺进行试验,例如Hofland等[11]在荷兰代尔福特理工大学水槽(长240 m、宽5 m、深7 m)中进行了原比尺下破碎波冲击直墙的研究。Hildebrandt[12]在德国汉诺威大学水槽(长330 m、宽5 m、深7 m)进行了1∶12大比尺下破碎波冲击三脚架式海上风机的研究。我国目前尺寸最大的波浪水槽为交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究院的大比尺波浪试验水槽,该水槽长450 m、宽5 m、深12 m,能够进行大比尺及原比尺的物理模型试验[13],是目前世界上尺度最大和造波能力最强的波浪水槽[14]。本文即通过该大比尺波浪试验水槽,开展大比尺破碎/非破碎波浪作用桩柱时的波浪力特征的试验,分析不同破碎阶段的波浪力的特征。
本试验在交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究院的大比尺波浪试验水槽中进行。水槽一端设有交流伺服推板式造波机,造波板运动的平均位置定义为x = 0 m;另一端布置有消波块体,用于减少波浪反射的影响。另外,为了增加水槽的波浪生成能力,在距离造波板120 m左右的位置,设置有一段长45.8 m、坡度为1∶15.3的斜坡地形。为研究波浪破碎对桩柱的作用,在距离造波板246.08 m位置处,布置直径为0.5 m、高约4 m、壁厚0.008 m的铁制圆筒作为试验模型,且该模型嵌入水槽底部从而与水槽固定连接。为便于观察,静水面以上的桩柱侧面黏附有黑白方格薄膜,每个方格大小为0.1 m×0.1 m。本试验工作水深h在试验模型位置处为2.4 m,静水面位置定义为z = 0 m。本试验模型比尺为1∶13。试验布置如图1a所示,试验造波区、模型安装区及消波区实景如图1b所示。
试验中,采用电容式浪高仪对不同位置处的波面变化进行测量,浪高仪位置如图1所示,为避开地形影响,G1浪高仪放置在潜堤地形的平面部分并用于记录初始入射波浪,G2−G6浪高仪以1 m间隔分布在试验桩柱周围,其中G5浪高仪与桩柱迎浪面平齐,用于记录桩柱位置处的波面变化。试验中所有浪高仪量程均为2 m,测量精度为0.002 m,采样频率为50 Hz,且通过数据采集系统进行同步采集。另外,为观察破碎波作用圆柱时的波面特征,在水槽侧壁固定1个高速摄像机进行拍摄,拍摄帧率为240 fps。
为捕捉破碎波浪力大小,在试验桩柱表面布置点压力传感器,如图2所示,蓝色三角形代表点压力传感器,布置在桩柱迎浪面的中线上。该点压力传感器为昆山双桥传感器测控技术有限公司生产的CYG1505GMLF型微型压力传感器,测量范围为0~1 MPa,探头螺纹大小为M6,采样频率为20 kHz。点压力传感器编号见图2
本试验采用色散聚焦的方法生成非破碎极端波浪及破碎波浪[6, 15]。每个组况对应的初始波群由频率在0.10~0.36 Hz上线性分布的波陡相等的规则波线性叠加而成,组成波总数量N为27。试验中,通过改变理论聚焦位置的理论波幅A控制波浪是否发生破碎,同时通过改变理论聚焦位置xf控制波浪破碎相对于桩柱的位置。需说明的是,波浪聚焦点与波浪破碎点存在差别,同时由于波浪非线性作用,聚焦点的实际值与理论值也存在差别。因此,本试验结合摄像机拍摄结果确定波浪破碎的位置。本试验所有组况如表1所示,其中组况N1、N2和N3波浪未发生破碎,而组况P1、P2和P3波浪在桩柱附近发生破碎。图3为破碎波组况作用圆柱时的拍摄图像,组况P1波浪在圆柱前已经发生剧烈破碎,组况P2波浪在临近圆柱前开始破碎,组况P3虽然在圆柱前靠近墙侧的波峰尖端出现水花,但整个波峰破碎是发生在圆柱后方,由于拍摄范围有限,未展示圆柱后方区域。另外,按照Wienke和Oumeraci[2]对波浪破碎与圆柱位置的描述,组况P1定义为桩前破碎阶段,组况P2定义为桩面破碎阶段,组况P3定义为桩后破碎阶段。
另外,试验中破碎波组况每组重复试验7次,非破碎组况每组重复3次。对于所有组况,表1给出了重复试验下最大波峰位置对应的平均值及其标准差,需要注意的是由于水槽地形的影响,破碎波况的波浪在聚焦区域前已经发生过一次破碎,因此破碎波况在桩柱位置的平均波高并不会远远大于甚至出现小于非破碎平均波高的情况,例如组况P1和组况N1。图4给出破碎波P3组况和非破碎波N1组况的多次重复试验波面结果,其中浪高仪选择与桩面平齐的G5浪高仪,结果表明测量最大波面的标准差均小于最大波面6%,因而本试验的波浪重复性较好。
波浪作用桩柱时,桩柱上垂向不同区域的点压力分布具有一定的特征,大致可分为静压区域、波浪冲击区域。静压区域的点压力基本等效于水位静止时的水压力,例如水深较大时的桩柱底部压力。波浪冲击区域的点压力不仅受到静水压力的影响,而且还与水体短时间作用桩柱时由于动量变化而产生的冲击压力有关,另外冲击区域的波浪爬高也会导致静水压力的增加。图5为组况P2一次试验的不同位置处的测量点压力与静水压力对比,其中静水压强用ρgη表示,η为G5浪高仪所测量波面。图中结果可以看出,C1点压力传感器位于静水位下0.4 m位置,其测量压强的时间分布与静水压强相似,属于静压区域。当随着传感器位置距离水面越近,流体运动对测量压强的影响越来越大。C3点压力传感器的测量值已经超过静水压强的值。而当测量位置接近波峰位置时(C7点压力传感器),在不考虑波浪爬高产生的静水影响下,静水压力约等于0。然而,由于波浪的冲击作用,测量压强仍然很大,甚至C10点压力传感器的测量压强已经远远大于最大的静水压强。因此,在桩柱的结构安全设计中,波浪冲击作用所产生冲击压强应当进行充分考虑。
波浪冲击作用复杂,冲击作用的大小与波浪是否破碎以及波浪的破碎阶段等多种因素有关。图6给出了多次重复试验下不同组况下桩柱各测点点压力最大值的分布情况,其中纵坐标为传感器位置z0,采用最大波面ηmax进行无量纲化处理;横坐标为最大的测量点压力pmax,采用最大静水压力ρgηmax进行无量纲化处理,同时黑色空心圆圈代表多次重复试验的平均值,而误差线由其标准差进行表示。另外,需要注意组况P1、P2和P3为破碎波组况,组况N1、N2和N3为非破碎波组况。从图中结果可以明显看出:
(1)相比较非破碎波的组况,破碎波组况多次重复试验下的最大测量点压力值的误差更大,即随机性更强。同时,破碎波浪在桩前破碎,即破碎阶段的气液混合程度较大,其最大点压力值的随机性也越强。另外,由于本试验中的波浪破碎基本在波浪波峰位置,所以当测点位置越靠近波峰,其所测量的点压力随机性也越强。
(2)相比较非破碎波的组况,破碎波组况点压力最大值与其最大静水压力的比值更大,最大比值能够达到3。
(3)另外,对于点压力最大值在桩柱上的垂向分布,非破碎波的点压力最大值发生位置远在波峰之下,而破碎波组况点压力最大值基本在1.2ηmax位置左右,该结果与Paulsen等[16]建议的破碎波点压力最大值在ηmax位置略有差别,这可能是本试验中波浪爬高位置所产生的冲击压力更强引起的。
本文波浪的生成方式为聚焦波群,波浪及其波浪冲击过程中均属于非平稳过程。而小波变换作为非平稳信号进行时频分析的理想工具越来越受到学者们的广泛使用,Ma等[17]和Tai等[6]成功采用连续小波变换分别对非破碎聚焦波和破碎聚焦波作用圆柱上的总力进行了分析。当冲击作用越强时,冲击作用的瞬时效应越明显,因而频域范围越广。为了更好地理解波浪冲击过程中点压力的变化过程,本文采用连续小波变换的方法对不同组况不同测点的点压力进行了处理。
图7为不同破碎组况下测量点压力的连续小波变换频谱图,其中纵坐标为频率,横坐标C1−C10为不同位置处的点压力传感器编号,不同颜色代表不同程度的能量大小,另外,需注意图中横向网格中一个网格长度代表时间间隔为2 s。从图中可以看出,组况P1与组况P2的频域范围广,而组况P3的频率范围较小,即当破碎波浪在桩柱后方发生破碎时,其波浪冲击程度小于波浪在桩前及桩面的情况。该现象可能由于聚焦波浪在桩柱后破碎,在桩柱前方波浪未完全聚焦,波浪速度较小,因而产生的冲击压强较小。另外,点压力的分析可以对不同破碎阶段冲击力进行更细致的研究。从图7中可以发现,组况P1下,C3传感器(z0 = 0.3 m)至C8传感器位置(z0 = 0.9 m)波浪冲击过程均较为明显,而组况P2下,波浪冲击过程主要在C9传感器位置(z0 = 1.0 m)附近。该现象是由于组况P1波浪在冲击桩柱前波浪已经发生破碎,破碎波浪的前端斜向下冲击桩柱,使得桩柱上较低位置处的点压力出现冲击过程,随后破碎波浪的波峰再冲击桩柱,使得桩柱波峰位置处的点压力出现冲击过程,而组况P2下,波浪发生破碎时,波峰已经临近桩柱,此时破碎波浪的前端尚未形成,仅在桩柱波峰位置处的点压力出现冲击过程。因此,相比较组况P2,组况P1有着更大的波浪冲击区域,也可能会产生更大的总力。
为了对不同破碎阶段的总力进行对比,本研究将图2中C1点至C10点压力传感器的测量压力在垂向上进行线性积分,从而得到桩柱迎浪面中线位置处的总力,结果如图8a所示。从图中可以看出,波浪在桩柱面发生破碎时(组况P2)的总力最大,其次波浪在桩前发生破碎时(组况P1)的总力次之,最后波浪在桩后发生破碎时(组况P3)的总力最小。值得注意的是,组况P1相对于组况P2虽然有着更大的波浪冲击区域,但是组况P1所展示的波浪冲击总力是小于组况P2的。这是因为组况P1虽然冲击区域广,但是不同时刻下的冲击区域是不同的(图8b),而组况P2虽然冲击区域有所减小,但所有测点的点压力基本同时达到最大值(图8c),因此所展现出来的总力较大。
本文运用物理试验的方法研究破碎/非破碎波浪冲击桩柱时的点压力特征,为了减小比尺效应的影响,本试验在交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究院的大比尺波浪试验水槽中进行。随后,本文对测量点压力的时间序列进行了分析,并基于连续小波变换时频分析方法,进一步研究了波浪冲击桩柱时的受力特征,主要结论如下:
(1)破碎波浪冲击桩柱时,静水压力、冲击压力及波浪冲击产生的波浪爬高均会对桩柱上的点压力产生影响,且在波浪冲击区域,冲击压强远大于波浪能够产生的最大静水压强,本试验中破碎波最大压强出现在1.2ηmax位置左右,可达最大静水压强的3倍。
(2)相比较非破碎波,破碎波所产生的点压力值离散性更强,且桩前波浪破碎程度越大,测点位置越靠近波峰区域,其点压力值离散程度越大。
(3)不同破碎阶段破碎波产生的冲击作用不同,当破碎波浪在桩柱后方发生破碎时,其波浪冲击程度小于波浪在桩前及桩面破碎时的情况。对于波浪作用桩柱前波浪已经发生破碎的情况,由于其破碎波浪的前端斜向下冲击桩柱,使得桩柱上较低位置出现冲击过程,随后破碎波浪的波峰再冲击桩柱,使得桩柱波峰位置出现冲击过程,因而这种情况相比较波浪临近破碎有着更大的冲击区域。另外,虽然波浪作用桩柱前波浪已经发生破碎情况的冲击区域大,但各垂向测点点压力并不在同一时刻达到最大值;相反,当波浪在桩面破碎时,各测点点压力基本同时达到最大值,因而桩面破碎情况下的波浪总力也更大。
综上所述,不同破碎情况下波浪对桩柱的冲击作用不同,波浪破碎后冲击圆柱有着较大的垂向冲击区域,而波浪桩面处破碎冲击圆柱的总力较大。因此,在设计过程中需要对破碎波浪荷载进行综合考虑。
  • 国家自然科学基金(51679031,51979029,51720105010);辽宁省兴辽人才计划(XLYC1807010);中央高校基本科研业务费(DUT2019TB02,TKS20200402);天津市科技计划项目(17PTYPHZ00080)
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2021年第43卷第10期
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doi: 10.12284/hyxb2021137
  • 接收时间:2020-07-08
  • 首发时间:2026-02-26
  • 出版时间:2021-10-25
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  • 收稿日期:2020-07-08
  • 修回日期:2021-04-05
基金
国家自然科学基金(51679031,51979029,51720105010);辽宁省兴辽人才计划(XLYC1807010);中央高校基本科研业务费(DUT2019TB02,TKS20200402);天津市科技计划项目(17PTYPHZ00080)
作者信息
    1大连理工大学 海岸和近海工程国家重点实验室,辽宁 大连 116024
    2交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究院,天津 300456

通讯作者:

张华庆,研究员,主要从事港口及航道工程、水流泥沙及水动力理论等方面的研究。E-mail:
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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