Article(id=1233908315579798042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1233908308151685504, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12284/hyxb2021154, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1604419200000, receivedDateStr=2020-11-04, revisedDate=1610553600000, revisedDateStr=2021-01-14, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1772116267341, onlineDateStr=2026-02-26, pubDate=1637769600000, pubDateStr=2021-11-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1772116267341, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1772116267341, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772116267341, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1233908308151685504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2021', volume='43', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='180', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1772116265571, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772116265571, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null}, startPage=96, endPage=104, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1233908317786002015, articleId=1233908315579798042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=Characterization and reconstruction of meso-structure of gas-bearing soils at different storage pressures, columnId=1194652705852465724, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The storage pressure and reconstruction of the mesostructure of gas-bearing sediments are key factors in the study of shallow gas geohazards. Using an industrial CT scanning test system, vertical rotational (SR) scanning is used, with the position of the microfocus X-ray source fixed and the sample rotated at a constant speed of 360° along the XY plane, with a set rotation step of 0.3° per second, the gas-bearing samples in the reactor are pressurized to 2 MPa, 4 MPa, and 6 MPa, taking into account the best resolution of the sample imaging, the best detection range and other. The results show that the slices and reconstructed images obtained from the CT scan have good experimental results; the greyscale values of small bubbles increase when pressurized to 2 MPa; the overall greyscale values of gas increase significantly when pressurized to 6 MPa; the number of bubbles decrease with increasing bubble radius during the pressurization process; the pressurization process lead to local changes in the solid-liquid-gas phase, which show that the volume of pore gas and pore water changes more than that of the soil skeleton. The overall change is greater than that of the soil skeleton, and the microscopic local location will have a greater rise or decrease. When the gas content at different locations rises and dominates, it will drive the reduction of pore water and the movement of the soil skeleton.

, correspAuthors=Tao Liu, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2021 Pratacultural Science. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Zhenqi Guo, Tao Liu, Chen Wu, Xiuting Su, Sanpeng Li), CN=ArticleExt(id=1233908322282296147, articleId=1233908315579798042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=不同储藏气压下含气土细观结构表征与重构研究, columnId=1149698756456657529, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

含气土的储藏气压与细观结构表征是研究浅层气地质灾害的关键因素。利用工业CT扫描测试系统,采用立式旋转扫描,微焦点X射线光源的位置固定,样品沿XY平面方向匀速旋转1周,设定旋转步长为0.3°/s,对反应釜内含气样品注气加压至2 MPa、4 MPa、6 MPa,充分考虑样品成像最佳分辨率、最佳探测范围等因素的影响。结果表明,CT扫描获得的切片图像与重构图像具有良好的实验效果;加压注气到2 MPa时,小气泡灰度值增加;加压到6 MPa时气体整体灰度值增加明显;增压过程中气泡数量随着气泡半径增加而减少;加压注气过程会导致固−液−气三相物质局部变化,表现为孔隙气、孔隙水的体积变化幅度整体大于土骨架,微观局部位置会有较大的升高或降低。当不同位置的气体含量上升且占据主导地位时,会驱动着孔隙水的减少与土骨架的移动。

, correspAuthors=刘涛, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
刘涛,男,教授,主要从事海洋地质工程与环境、海底原位探测技术研究。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《海洋学报》编辑部 2021, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=MfRLtV5DGWTE5QJdGMnPGw==, magXml=MG/LK/XUddfq5ijs9EJvYw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=FWlcYesK98oLGfvJuXcjEw==, pdfFileSize=1942819, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=dJ9aVyptaYEsu++Qa4rcIw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=nyoF2GuINToP3J4wn3ipvQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

郭珍琦(1997-),男,贵州省六盘水市人,主要从事含气土结构表征与声学性质反演研究。E-mail:

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郭珍琦(1997-),男,贵州省六盘水市人,主要从事含气土结构表征与声学性质反演研究。E-mail:

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郭珍琦(1997-),男,贵州省六盘水市人,主要从事含气土结构表征与声学性质反演研究。E-mail:

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Basic physical properties of experimental sand

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
粒径/mm比重/(g·cm−3含水率/%孔隙度/%饱和度/%
<0.72.62404588.9
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实验砂土基本物理性质指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
粒径/mm比重/(g·cm−3含水率/%孔隙度/%饱和度/%
<0.72.62404588.9
), ArticleFig(id=1233931838784336102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233908315579798042, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Apparent gas content under different gas reservoir pressures

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
气藏压力值/MPa气泡数量/个气泡体积分数/%
011 4994.93
216 3914.65
410 1644.97
611 9665.66
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不同气藏压力下表观含气量

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气藏压力值/MPa气泡数量/个气泡体积分数/%
011 4994.93
216 3914.65
410 1644.97
611 9665.66
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不同储藏气压下含气土细观结构表征与重构研究
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郭珍琦 1 , 刘涛 1, 2, 3, * , 吴琛 1 , 苏秀婷 1, 4 , 李三鹏 1
海洋学报 | 论文 2021,43(11): 96-104
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海洋学报 | 论文 2021, 43(11): 96-104
不同储藏气压下含气土细观结构表征与重构研究
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郭珍琦1 , 刘涛1, 2, 3, * , 吴琛1, 苏秀婷1, 4, 李三鹏1
作者信息
  • 1中国海洋大学 环境科学与工程学院,山东 青岛 266100
  • 2青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室 海洋地质过程与环境功能实验室,山东 青岛 266237
  • 3山东省海洋环境地质工程重点实验室,山东 青岛 266100
  • 4上海勘察设计研究院(集团)有限公司青岛分公司,山东 青岛 266199
  • 郭珍琦(1997-),男,贵州省六盘水市人,主要从事含气土结构表征与声学性质反演研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

刘涛,男,教授,主要从事海洋地质工程与环境、海底原位探测技术研究。E-mail:
Characterization and reconstruction of meso-structure of gas-bearing soils at different storage pressures
Zhenqi Guo1 , Tao Liu1, 2, 3, * , Chen Wu1, Xiuting Su1, 4, Sanpeng Li1
Affiliations
  • 1College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
  • 2Laboratory for Marine Geology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
  • 3Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, Qingdao 266100, China
  • 4SGIDI Engineering Consulting (Group) Co., Ltd Qingdao Branch, Qingdao 266199, China
出版时间: 2021-11-25 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2021154
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含气土的储藏气压与细观结构表征是研究浅层气地质灾害的关键因素。利用工业CT扫描测试系统,采用立式旋转扫描,微焦点X射线光源的位置固定,样品沿XY平面方向匀速旋转1周,设定旋转步长为0.3°/s,对反应釜内含气样品注气加压至2 MPa、4 MPa、6 MPa,充分考虑样品成像最佳分辨率、最佳探测范围等因素的影响。结果表明,CT扫描获得的切片图像与重构图像具有良好的实验效果;加压注气到2 MPa时,小气泡灰度值增加;加压到6 MPa时气体整体灰度值增加明显;增压过程中气泡数量随着气泡半径增加而减少;加压注气过程会导致固−液−气三相物质局部变化,表现为孔隙气、孔隙水的体积变化幅度整体大于土骨架,微观局部位置会有较大的升高或降低。当不同位置的气体含量上升且占据主导地位时,会驱动着孔隙水的减少与土骨架的移动。

含气土  /  气藏压力  /  细观结构  /  CT扫描

The storage pressure and reconstruction of the mesostructure of gas-bearing sediments are key factors in the study of shallow gas geohazards. Using an industrial CT scanning test system, vertical rotational (SR) scanning is used, with the position of the microfocus X-ray source fixed and the sample rotated at a constant speed of 360° along the XY plane, with a set rotation step of 0.3° per second, the gas-bearing samples in the reactor are pressurized to 2 MPa, 4 MPa, and 6 MPa, taking into account the best resolution of the sample imaging, the best detection range and other. The results show that the slices and reconstructed images obtained from the CT scan have good experimental results; the greyscale values of small bubbles increase when pressurized to 2 MPa; the overall greyscale values of gas increase significantly when pressurized to 6 MPa; the number of bubbles decrease with increasing bubble radius during the pressurization process; the pressurization process lead to local changes in the solid-liquid-gas phase, which show that the volume of pore gas and pore water changes more than that of the soil skeleton. The overall change is greater than that of the soil skeleton, and the microscopic local location will have a greater rise or decrease. When the gas content at different locations rises and dominates, it will drive the reduction of pore water and the movement of the soil skeleton.

gas bearing sediments  /  gas reservoir pressure  /  microstructure  /  CT scan
郭珍琦, 刘涛, 吴琛, 苏秀婷, 李三鹏. 不同储藏气压下含气土细观结构表征与重构研究. 海洋学报, 2021 , 43 (11) : 96 -104 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2021154
Zhenqi Guo, Tao Liu, Chen Wu, Xiuting Su, Sanpeng Li. Characterization and reconstruction of meso-structure of gas-bearing soils at different storage pressures[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2021 , 43 (11) : 96 -104 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2021154
含气土普遍存在于世界五大洲的临海港湾,包括美洲墨西哥湾、非洲几内亚湾、欧洲北海、大洋洲的普伦蒂湾等海洋工程建设较为频繁的海域[1],黄海、渤海、东海、南海等海域离岸200 km以内,水深2~200 m的地层以下广泛分布着含气土[2]。针对含气土的识别、赋存形式、储层特征,从宏观到微观特征均已经积累了许多成果[3]。由于在含气土中,气体含量和气泡的尺寸分布对含气土的力学性质存在着重要影响[4],部分学者将有效介质理论、CT扫描技术运用到了含气土的细观结构表征的研究[5]
Anderson等[6]认为,含气土气泡微观结构主要有3种类型:间隙气泡、储藏气泡、置换气泡。基于土孔隙微观尺度的有效介质理论,Warner等[7]的实验结果也表明了气泡存在会使得饱和基质中的有效应力和孔隙比不均匀分布。Sham[8]对重塑含气高岭黏土的不排水剪切过程中气泡淹水现象很难发生(即含气量很难超过临界含气量)做出了解释。Wheeler[9]将含大气泡土视为包含球形填充物的复合材料。Sultan等[10]研究了不排水卸载过程中气体析出和气泡扩张对含气土固结和不排水剪切特性的影响,也得到了相似的结果。Best等[11]对保压取样的含气土利用CT证实了潮汐作用下土中的气泡的存在,但当时CT精度仅为0.5 mm。Kim等[12]通过CT测试等手段,对微观尺度下气泡与声速的关系进行了研究,并得到了微观气泡大小与声速的经验关系式,但并未深入剖析含气土的三相介质互相之间的关系。Hong等[13]和Thomas等[14]分别从我国舟山5 m水深海域和非洲几内亚湾280 m水深海域取得了含气黏土样,从宏观尺度上分析了含气土的土样表面明显的气孔。Duffy等[15]通过扭转应力−应变环和扭转共振柱试验研究了含气量对含气土弹性剪切模量的影响。试验结果表明,很少量的气体就会导致土体不排水剪切模量减少50%。张巍等[16]通过分辨率为14 μm的工业显微CT对砂雨法制作的不含水粉砂土样进行了扫描,计算土样的体积和表观孔隙率。Liu等[17]和Zhang等[18]利用数码相机及时记录产生的气泡大小并利用传感器记录压力以及产气量等随时间的变化。
综上所述,目前的研究表明,含气土的力学性质会因为土体中“气”的存在而发生改变,在外部荷载的作用下,含气土体会发生蠕动导致下陷[19],但影响不同储气压力下含气土中孔隙细观三相介质的机制仍不清晰,制约了对海底浅层气的探测和研究。本文利用工业级CT反应器对不同气藏压力的土样品进行CT扫描试验,扫描后获取了含气土X-Y平面、X-Z平面和Y-Z平面各1000张原始CT图像,进一步提取不同气藏压力下含气土的固、液、气组分及气泡数、体积等微观参数,分析了气泡数与气泡等效半径的关系,为海洋工程建设中针对含气土安全性研究提供了实验支持。
实验采用黄河入海口海滩土以制备含气土样品,气体采用浓度为99.9%的甲烷气体。含气土样品的制作可分为4个主要步骤:(1)将取回的原状样品土用操作盘置于温度为95℃马弗炉内烘干6 h以上;(2)将干燥土样碾碎,使用孔隙直径为0.7 mm的筛子进行初步筛分,去除原状样品土中的粗粒土与有机物杂质;(3)对样品称重并取出干土样0.5 kg,将其等分为5份,同时每100 g干燥土样品加水40 g,使其含水率为40%,混合均匀,保存在保湿袋中;(4)对实验反应釜进行气密性测试,将气压加压至8 MPa后关闭反应釜注气阀,若反应釜内部压力保持30 min不变,证明其气密封性良好,制样所用土样、甲烷、反应釜如图1所示。
参考《土工试验方法标准》的方法,对样品砂土进行相关实验,测得实验样品的粒径、比重、含水率、孔隙度、饱和度等参数(表1)。
对实验样品进行颗粒粒度分析,获得样品粒径级配曲线(图2),样品属于粉砂,其中粗颗粒较多。同时,实验样品土的设计尺寸直径为2.5 cm,高为5 cm的圆柱体,计算可知体积为24.5 cm3
本实验CT设备为Phoenix V | Tome | X型工业CT,其主要参数:180 kV/15 W高功率纳米焦点X射线管;240 kV/320 W微米焦点射线管,帧频可达30 fps;平板探测器面积为20 cm×20 cm。
实验采集的图像为1 000体素×1 000体素,每个体素大小(空间分辨率)为21.74 µm。将土样均匀装入反应釜。将装填样品完毕的反应釜固定在CT工作室内的旋转台,设定旋转步长为0.3°/s,样品沿XY平面方向匀速旋转360°以获得土样的完整微观图像,扫描一次约用20 min。同一个土样品在不同注气压力下的CT测试,其位置均不再变动,以便对同一样品在不同压力下的CT图像进行比较。实验所用耐高压反应釜的硬铝材质,最高承受的压力为15 MPa,气体为99.99%的高纯甲烷,通过多头金属阀控制注气。
每张CT扫描切片的左上角标记有扫描样品的编号,有效切片高度的截取范围设定为0.011~21.760 mm,图示比例为5 mm。分割所得到图像的固、液、气图像与原始CT灰度图像会存在微小差别,但总体上能够得到质量较高的分割结果(图3)。
以注气加压得到气藏压力为2 MPa时的含气土样截取切片高度位置为2.166 mm、4.260 mm、6.160 mm的扫描图像为例进行分析。从图4整体可以看出,含气土CT图像可以较为明显的识别出对X射线吸收最弱的,呈现颜色最深(黑色)的部分是气泡;对X射线吸收最强的,呈现颜色最浅的部分是土骨架,部分颗粒密度较高甚至呈现为白色,应为石英等高密度固体颗粒;介于气泡和固体颗粒之间的灰色应为孔隙水,填充在颗粒孔隙间,部分孔隙水则直接占据土骨架中的空腔。
进一步分析模拟不同气藏压力状态下含气土微观结构的差异,提取不同注气压力下反应釜中相同位置的CT图像。图5为0 MPa、2 MPa、4 MPa和6 MPa 4个气藏压力下CT图像中截取X-Z平面6.107 mm位置的土图像,图像尺寸为300×300像素,换算成土空间大小为6.52 mm×6.52 mm。对比观察CT图像左上角部分的腔体,在0~2 MPa时,图5a图5b显示腔体被孔隙水填充;当加压至4 MPa时,图5c显示腔体中心部分被甲烷气体替代,气泡成球形状,而和土骨架接触的部分仍然被孔隙水占据;继续加压到6 MPa时,图5c中固、液、气分布的基础上,腔体周围的大孔隙也被甲烷气体替代,表明加压注气过程中甲烷气含量逐渐升高。气藏压力为4 MPa时气相比例最高。比较图5c图5d左下角空腔可以发现,4 MPa时的部分孔隙会再次被气体填充。
实验样品从标准大气压压力下增加到2 MPa时,图像中间局部原来被气泡填充的孔隙会被水填充;气藏压力增加之后的气泡形状大小都是不规则的,而且可能存在两个主体气腔中间有一个小的通道相连接。从图像中可以直观得到含气土中固体颗粒和孔隙水介质在整个样品上的广泛分布,而气泡或大或小的分布在局部位置,为典型的液相(孔隙水)连续、气相不连续的特殊非饱和土。另一方面应该注意到,除了0 MPa时的气泡稍微接近球形,气藏压力增加之后的气泡形状大都是形状不规则的,而且可能存在两个主体气腔中间有一个小的通道相连接。
为更形象直观地比较不同气藏压力下的微观特征,对截取切片高度为2.17 mm的CT图像局部位置进行切片灰度分析(图6)。对比发现,截取位置土颗粒骨架段在不同气藏压力下较为稳定,整体随着气藏压力的改变变化度较小;当加压注气由2 MPa增加至4 MPa时(注气时间为20 min),切片气泡灰度值增加,其中相同大小的气泡灰度值明显上升;继续加压注气至6 MPa,切片小气泡段灰度值减小,大气泡灰度值增加明显;另一方面应该注意到,除了0 MPa时的气泡稍微接近球形,气藏压力增加之后的气泡形状大都是形状不规则的,而且可能存在两个主体气腔中间有一个小的通道相连接。同时可以发现,实验样品中土颗粒密度也有差异,个别密度较大的颗粒呈现红色,体积较周围颗粒突出,可能为沉积物中的石英矿物颗粒;样品中液相连通性较好,可以看到孔隙水成团占据空腔的现象,周围随机分布有多个大气泡,中部则零星分散着小气泡。
对不同气藏压力的含气土进行三维重构分析,得到了0~6 MPa下三维气泡体积分数,如表2所示。将气藏压力值与气泡体积分数拟合并建立了非线性拟合方程以量化两者之间的关系,如图7所示。
选取4 MPa气藏压力下的CT图像,对CT图像中的固、液、气组分标记(图8),可以得到CT截取部分含气土的总体积为4 039.25 mm3,其中气泡总体积为200.877 mm3,含气量为4.97%。
提取4 MPa气藏压力下气泡的数量和每个气泡的体积进行分析,根据气泡体积换算得到气泡等效半径的范围为0.013 5~2.513 mm,平均气泡半径为0.167 mm。CT图像数据提取的最小气泡为一个体素点,即边长为21.74 μm的立方体,其等效半径为13.5 μm。为分析气泡数量、尺寸等特征,统计不同等效半径范围的累计气泡数量和气泡体积(图9),呈现了土中不同等效半径范围的气泡数量与体积分布。
由图9可以发现在气泡体积方面,大气泡范围的气体体积占据绝对优势,等效半径大于500 μm的气泡,它的体积远超其他气泡的体积,达到了157 mm3。而在气泡数量上,小于40 μm等效半径的气泡占绝对优势,达到3 000个以上,而大于500 μm等效半径的气泡数量在100个以下。因此在分析含气土的物理力学性质时,如果气泡数量影响更大,则应该重点分析小气泡;若气泡体积影响更大,则应该重点分析大气泡。
提取不同气藏压力下气泡数量与等效半径数据(图10),各气藏压力下的气泡数量和等效半径均有较好的线性拟合关系。对比可以明显发现,统计范围内的数据,增压阶段整体呈现的是平移变化。具体来看,气藏压力从0 MPa增加到2 MPa时,统计数据内对应等效半径的气泡数量均呈现增加趋势,但实际上等效半径在80 μm以上的气泡则是显著降低的,应该是气藏压力增加把稍大的气泡“压碎”了,导致大气泡减少、小气泡增加。气藏压力由2 MPa增加到4 MPa时,统计范围内的气泡数量是降低的,压力增加过程同时会导致气体部分溶解和气泡被压缩,大气泡变小而使得统计部分的数据整体向坐标左下方移动。而气藏压力继续增加到6 MPa时,气泡数量则又会继续增加。
为分析含气土三相表观参数特征,将体积为$V$,质量为m的含气土中土粒、水和气体理想化地分离开来(图11)。其中孔隙水体积(Vw)和游离气泡的体积(Va)之和即为土粒间孔隙的体积(Vv)。任意位置的孔隙率(即液体介质和气体介质的和)和固体体积总和是一定的,因此表观孔隙度分布值的变化值可以等效固体体积变化值,但变化方向相反,因此通过CT图像提取气体含量和孔隙水含量即可得到沉积物的三相参数。
提取体积含水率和体积孔隙率的变化(图12),体积含水率由41.70%变为41.58%,体积孔隙率由46.66%变为46.21%,可以忽略。整体上加压注气前和2 MPa注气加压情况下,孔隙率随土样位置的变化路径重合度较高,仅在17 mm位置孔隙率降低约0.4%,说明骨架整体的变化较小。而含水率局部变化明显,4 mm以下位置含水率降低,11~12 mm位置的含水率增加,基本与含气量的变化相反,进一步说明上部位置的加压注气过程,主要是沉积物中原气泡在围压增加的情况下被孔隙水挤压的微观变化过程。对于含气沉积物,孔隙率的变化值,即为含气量和孔隙水的变化之和,与土骨架占总体积的变化之和是零。
分别提取样品含气量、含水率和土骨架含量的百分比变化值(图13)。通过对含气量、含水率和土骨架含量变化值在同一图中的比较可以发现,加压注气使得土骨架含量整体上略微增加,考虑固体土颗粒难以压缩的特点,应该是注气过程中造成的土体位移导致沉积物样品的密实度更好。而沉积物上部位置,加压注气直接影响气体含量,气体变化占主导地位,随之影响孔隙水运移,二者的变化趋势相反。总的来说,加压注气会导致固、液、气三相物质局部变化,含气量、含水率的变化幅度比土骨架含量(与孔隙率变化值相同)大。与0~2 MPa类似,当2 MPa增压到4 MPa、4 MPa增加到6 MPa过程中,含水率和土骨架含量整体降低,且变化波动非常剧烈,分析局部地区可能并不准确,但观察含气量变化值可以非常明显看出的不同位置的气体含量上升且占据主导地位,驱动孔隙水减少和土骨架移动。
(1)通过对含气土CT二维图像和三维图像的分析,在不对土产生任何扰动的情况下,可以直观获取含气土内部空间的微观分布,改变气藏压力可以直观地比较土中某一组分的变化,展示了CT技术在土微观特征研究中具有较好的使用效果。
(2)通过对样品不同位置CT图像呈现的固、液、气含量占比分析,获取含气量变化的体积信息和微观信息。同时准确的获知气藏压力改变时,即使整体的含气量、含水率和土骨架含量变化不大,但微观局部位置会有较大的升高或降低,不同位置气体含量的偏离值要比孔隙水和孔隙率的偏离值更大,表明气体对土体的各向异性的影响要强于孔隙水和土骨架。
(3)含气土在未加压注气时与其他气藏压力值下的气泡体积差异较大,揭示了取样测量后压力释放对微观特征有难以忽略的影响。不同气藏压力下,以气泡不同等效半径范围统计的气泡的数量和体积会存在一定规律性的变化。整体上,随着气藏压力的增加,小气泡数量和体积降低,而大气泡增加。
  • 国家自然科学基金(U2006213);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(201962011);青岛海洋科学与技术国家试点实验室海洋地质过程与环境功能实验室开放基金(MGQNLM-KF201804);山东省重点研发计划(41702320)
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2021年第43卷第11期
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doi: 10.12284/hyxb2021154
  • 接收时间:2020-11-04
  • 首发时间:2026-02-26
  • 出版时间:2021-11-25
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  • 收稿日期:2020-11-04
  • 修回日期:2021-01-14
基金
国家自然科学基金(U2006213);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(201962011);青岛海洋科学与技术国家试点实验室海洋地质过程与环境功能实验室开放基金(MGQNLM-KF201804);山东省重点研发计划(41702320)
作者信息
    1中国海洋大学 环境科学与工程学院,山东 青岛 266100
    2青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室 海洋地质过程与环境功能实验室,山东 青岛 266237
    3山东省海洋环境地质工程重点实验室,山东 青岛 266100
    4上海勘察设计研究院(集团)有限公司青岛分公司,山东 青岛 266199

通讯作者:

刘涛,男,教授,主要从事海洋地质工程与环境、海底原位探测技术研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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