Article(id=1233737683659453206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1233737680710849370, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12284/hyxb2021014, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1592236800000, receivedDateStr=2020-06-16, revisedDate=1596729600000, revisedDateStr=2020-08-07, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1772075585522, onlineDateStr=2026-02-26, pubDate=1619280000000, pubDateStr=2021-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1772075585522, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1772075585522, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772075585522, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1233737680710849370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2021', volume='43', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='140', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1772075584819, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772075584819, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null}, startPage=27, endPage=45, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1233737684812886817, articleId=1233737683659453206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=Seasonal variability of distribution and mixing behavior of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in the Changjiang River Estuary and adjacent areas, columnId=1194652705852465724, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The distribution and mixing behavior of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in the Changjiang River Estuary and adjacent areas were analyzed in March, July and October of 2019. Through discussing the salinity, absorption spectral slope S275-295, absorption coefficient aCDOM(355) and Chl a, it was shown that the terrestrial input and aCDOM(355) had the highest value in July; aCDOM(355) was affected by terrestrial input and phytoplankton production activities in March, and the value in March was higher than that in October in the Changjiang River Estuary low salinity area. In addition, in high-salt offshore regions, aCDOM(355) was similar in March and July, and both were lower than that in October, these distribution of CDOM was mainly influenced by phytoplankton production activities. Four fluorescent components of CDOM were identified by EEMs-PARAFAC technique: one protein-like component C1 (280/330 nm) and three humic-like components C2 (300/350 nm), C3 (260/465 nm) and C4 (320/410 nm) respectively. Four fluorescent components declined from the inside to the outside of the Changjiang River Estuary in March, July and October. Affected by terrestrial input and phytoplankton production activities, the seasonal variation of the average fluorescence intensity from large to small was July, October and March. The fluorescence components of CDOM deviated from the theoretical dilution line in these three seasons. It showed that CDOM source (terrestrial input, sediment resuspension and on-site biological activities) and sink (adsorption of particulate matter, photodegradation and bacterial degradation) were complex and variable, revealing the non-conservative mixed behavior of CDOM in the Changjiang River Estuary.

, correspAuthors=Jing Zhang, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2021 Pratacultural Science. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Li’na Xie, Bin Zhou, Meng Liu, Lin Yang, Guipeng Yang, Jing Zhang), CN=ArticleExt(id=1233737687379801001, articleId=1233737683659453206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=长江口及邻近海域有色溶解有机物的分布及河口混合行为的季节变化研究, columnId=1149698756456657529, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

于2019年3月、7月和10月对长江口及邻近海域有色溶解有机物(CDOM)的分布及河口混合行为进行分析研究。通过对盐度、吸收光谱斜率S275~295、吸收系数aCDOM(355)以及叶绿素a的分析发现,在河口内低盐度区,7月淡水流量大,陆源输入量最大,aCDOM(355)值最高,3月CDOM来源主要受陆源输入和浮游植物生产活动的影响,aCDOM(355)值较10月高;在口外高盐度区,3月和7月的aCDOM(355)值相近,均低于10月,CDOM分布主要受浮游植物生产活动的影响。利用三维荧光光谱−平行因子分析方法共鉴定出4个荧光组分:类蛋白质组分C1(280/330 nm)、类腐殖质组分C2(300/350 nm)、类腐殖质组分C3(260/465 nm)和类腐殖质组分C4(320/410 nm)。在3月、7月及10月,4个荧光组分强度由长江口内到口外呈递减趋势,受陆源输入和浮游植物生产活动的影响,平均荧光强度的季节变化总体上来说,由大到小依次为7月、10月、3月。3个季节CDOM荧光组分均存在偏离理论稀释线的现象,说明CDOM的来源(陆源输入、沉积物再悬浮和现场生物活动)和去除(被颗粒物吸附、光降解和细菌降解)机制复杂多变,揭示了长江口区域CDOM在不同时空下的不保守混合行为。

, correspAuthors=张婧, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
张婧,女,副教授,主要从事海洋中溶解有机物的研究。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《海洋学报》编辑部 2021, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=tVwoZc1JLtv2OHE+TiWjrg==, magXml=1WpepJ5el2SKvCKiN5n6ug==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=xTQ7wpDTAM81BoMWYf9jbg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=+eaSECNlBG0vJAhNOh0c6Q==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

解李娜(1995—),女,山东省潍坊市人,主要研究方向为海洋化学。E-mail:

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解李娜(1995—),女,山东省潍坊市人,主要研究方向为海洋化学。E-mail:

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解李娜(1995—),女,山东省潍坊市人,主要研究方向为海洋化学。E-mail:

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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737683659453206, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Distribution of temperature, salinity, aCDOM(355), Chl a concentration, S275~295 of the Changjiang River Estuary and adjacent areas in October, figureFileSmall=AYCmzyVBJTeF3YU2+YGzfw==, figureFileBig=OlhVW2joqP3aYEhwFBJYWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233805857377546749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737683659453206, language=CN, label=图4, caption=10月长江口及邻近海域温度、盐度、aCDOM(355)、Chl a浓度、S275~295的分布, figureFileSmall=AYCmzyVBJTeF3YU2+YGzfw==, figureFileBig=OlhVW2joqP3aYEhwFBJYWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233805857457238528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737683659453206, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Four fluorescent components of CDOM identified by PARAFAC model, figureFileSmall=wMmKRBlm/Ksy2HYNHly+Ig==, figureFileBig=pSHbvrW16HI4nbHIMIoFHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233805857583067653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737683659453206, language=CN, label=图5, caption=用PARAFAC鉴别出CDOM的4个荧光组分, figureFileSmall=wMmKRBlm/Ksy2HYNHly+Ig==, figureFileBig=pSHbvrW16HI4nbHIMIoFHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233805857675342346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737683659453206, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Distributions of four fluorescent components and total fluorescence intensity of the Changjiang River Estuary and adjacent areas in March, figureFileSmall=TPSKDjpu27ytLQyXdFJ/7Q==, figureFileBig=QIve4z3oZkz8uDm0ZCrX7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233805859072045581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737683659453206, language=CN, label=图6, caption=3月长江口及邻近海域4个荧光组分以及TFI的分布, figureFileSmall=TPSKDjpu27ytLQyXdFJ/7Q==, figureFileBig=QIve4z3oZkz8uDm0ZCrX7Q==, tableContent=null), 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figureFileSmall=lqOtfGvYuBOixrvakBh7jg==, figureFileBig=XcMvMhxqZgfwo8kKxtORhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233805859650859549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737683659453206, language=CN, label=图7, caption=7月长江口及邻近海域4个荧光组分以及TFI的分布, figureFileSmall=lqOtfGvYuBOixrvakBh7jg==, figureFileBig=XcMvMhxqZgfwo8kKxtORhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233805859751522851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737683659453206, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Variation of four fluorescent components with salinity site of the Changjiang River Estuary and adjacent areas in March, July and October, figureFileSmall=Fo0xGHPUrCotyWe6YhAa1A==, figureFileBig=WE4KXVNVo+73lS+iH9mPCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233805859864769062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737683659453206, language=CN, label=图9, caption=3月、7月及10月长江口及邻近海域4个荧光组分随盐度的变化, figureFileSmall=Fo0xGHPUrCotyWe6YhAa1A==, figureFileBig=WE4KXVNVo+73lS+iH9mPCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233805859961238057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737683659453206, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

The value of temperature, aCDOM(355), Chl a concentration and S275~295 of the Changjiang River Estuary and adjacent areas in March

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数盐度分区温度/℃aCDOM(355)/m−1Chl a浓度/(μg.L−1)S275~295/nm−1
范围平均值范围平均值范围平均值范围平均值
表层0.13~7.65(盐度小于10)8.35~8.878.581.37~2.271.850.85~3.122.20.014~0.0180.016
10.4~34.4(盐度大于10)7.84~14.611.20.08~3.130.450.18~2.390.80.012~0.0330.019
中层0.14~0.15(盐度小于10)8.52~8.628.571.85~2.001.912.18~3.592.70.015~0.0160.015
26.1~34.3(盐度大于10)8.06~13.911.20.019~0.50.310.17~1.520.60.015~0.0240.019
底层0.13~8.63(盐度小于10)8.33~9.008.611.25~2.431.931.02~3.302.10.014~0.0170.016
13.6~34.3(盐度大于10)7.82~14.011.20.03~1.210.390.12~2.550.90.002~0.0370.017
), ArticleFig(id=1233805860087067182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737683659453206, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

3月长江口及邻近海域温度、aCDOM(355)、Chl a浓度以及S275~295的值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数盐度分区温度/℃aCDOM(355)/m−1Chl a浓度/(μg.L−1)S275~295/nm−1
范围平均值范围平均值范围平均值范围平均值
表层0.13~7.65(盐度小于10)8.35~8.878.581.37~2.271.850.85~3.122.20.014~0.0180.016
10.4~34.4(盐度大于10)7.84~14.611.20.08~3.130.450.18~2.390.80.012~0.0330.019
中层0.14~0.15(盐度小于10)8.52~8.628.571.85~2.001.912.18~3.592.70.015~0.0160.015
26.1~34.3(盐度大于10)8.06~13.911.20.019~0.50.310.17~1.520.60.015~0.0240.019
底层0.13~8.63(盐度小于10)8.33~9.008.611.25~2.431.931.02~3.302.10.014~0.0170.016
13.6~34.3(盐度大于10)7.82~14.011.20.03~1.210.390.12~2.550.90.002~0.0370.017
), ArticleFig(id=1233805860196119090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737683659453206, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The value of temperature, aCDOM(355), Chl a concentration and S275~295 of the Changjiang River Estuary and adjacent areas in July

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数盐度分区温度/℃aCDOM(355)/m−1Chl a 浓度/(μg.L−1)S275~295/nm−1
范围平均值范围平均值范围平均值范围平均值
表层0.13~0.15(盐度小于10)26.2~27.026.70.92~3.522.220.61~1.750.800.004~0.0180.016
16.8~32.6(盐度大于10)22.1~26.424.60.24~0.850.470.18~4.511.850.014~0.0220.018
中层0.14~0.15(盐度小于10)26.4~27.026.72.19~2.812.390.52~1.130.770.015~0.0170.016
18.7~33.1(盐度大于10)21.6~26.324.00.08~1.180.370.23~8.281.460.015~0.0240.017
底层0.13~0.15(盐度小于10)26.5~26.926.70.83~3.402.370.17~2.190.810.013~0.0190.016
28.1~34.5(盐度大于10)18.4~23.321.70.01~0.970.370.07~1.640.550.012~0.0320.017
), ArticleFig(id=1233805860275810868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737683659453206, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

7月长江口及邻近海域温度、aCDOM(355)、Chl a浓度以及S275~295的值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数盐度分区温度/℃aCDOM(355)/m−1Chl a 浓度/(μg.L−1)S275~295/nm−1
范围平均值范围平均值范围平均值范围平均值
表层0.13~0.15(盐度小于10)26.2~27.026.70.92~3.522.220.61~1.750.800.004~0.0180.016
16.8~32.6(盐度大于10)22.1~26.424.60.24~0.850.470.18~4.511.850.014~0.0220.018
中层0.14~0.15(盐度小于10)26.4~27.026.72.19~2.812.390.52~1.130.770.015~0.0170.016
18.7~33.1(盐度大于10)21.6~26.324.00.08~1.180.370.23~8.281.460.015~0.0240.017
底层0.13~0.15(盐度小于10)26.5~26.926.70.83~3.402.370.17~2.190.810.013~0.0190.016
28.1~34.5(盐度大于10)18.4~23.321.70.01~0.970.370.07~1.640.550.012~0.0320.017
), ArticleFig(id=1233805860410028601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737683659453206, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

The value of temperature, aCDOM(355), Chl a concentration and S275~295 of the Changjiang River Estuary and adjacent areas in October

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数盐度分区温度/℃aCDOM(355)/m−1Chl a 浓度/(μg.L−1)S275~295/nm−1
范围平均值范围平均值范围平均值范围平均值
表层0.16~6.43(盐度小于10)21.1~22.722.21.49~2.331.750.52~2.871.280.015~0.0180.017
11.0~34.5(盐度大于10)21.2~24.222.80.07~2.080.650.52~5.871.850.009~0.0330.016
中层0.16~0.24(盐度小于10)22.1~22.622.41.64~1.841.700.84~1.301.010.016~0.0180.017
23.5~35.5(盐度大于10)22.4~24.023.30.04~1.310.440.29~4.441.750.011~0.0360.017
底层0.16~3.66(盐度小于10)21.9~22.522.31.60~2.701.820.62~1.361.080.014~0.0170.017
12.0~34.3(盐度大于10)21.5~33.623.40.09~1.330.580.53~3.391.420.005~0.0200.015
), ArticleFig(id=1233805860535857722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737683659453206, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

10月温度、aCDOM(355)、Chl a浓度以及S275~295的值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数盐度分区温度/℃aCDOM(355)/m−1Chl a 浓度/(μg.L−1)S275~295/nm−1
范围平均值范围平均值范围平均值范围平均值
表层0.16~6.43(盐度小于10)21.1~22.722.21.49~2.331.750.52~2.871.280.015~0.0180.017
11.0~34.5(盐度大于10)21.2~24.222.80.07~2.080.650.52~5.871.850.009~0.0330.016
中层0.16~0.24(盐度小于10)22.1~22.622.41.64~1.841.700.84~1.301.010.016~0.0180.017
23.5~35.5(盐度大于10)22.4~24.023.30.04~1.310.440.29~4.441.750.011~0.0360.017
底层0.16~3.66(盐度小于10)21.9~22.522.31.60~2.701.820.62~1.361.080.014~0.0170.017
12.0~34.3(盐度大于10)21.5~33.623.40.09~1.330.580.53~3.391.420.005~0.0200.015
), ArticleFig(id=1233805860632326719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737683659453206, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Comparison of absorption coefficients in coastal waters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
海区采样时间盐度范围站位类型吸收系数(m−1)/波长(nm)参考文献
南波罗的海1994年2.0~8.0低盐度(1.2~12)/355[23]
Funka湾2000年10月至2001年11月31.6~33.8高盐度(0.022~0.14)/440[24]
阿拉伯海1994年36.2~36.9高盐度(0.03~0.106)/375[25]
九龙口2005年4月0.11~5.92低盐度(2.25~3.32)/355[16]
10.2~27.08高盐度(0.47~1.92)/355
2003年8月0~5.41低盐度(2.3~3.11)/355[16]
10.14~29.86高盐度(0.7~2.26)/355
2005年11月0.22~9.11低盐度(1.54~2.76)/355 [16]
14.4~29.26高盐度(0.64~1.41)/355
长江口2003年8月0.21~7.89低盐度(1.75~2.42)/355[16]
10~30.91高盐度(0.46~1.8)/355
), ArticleFig(id=1233805860745572929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737683659453206, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

近岸海域的吸收系数值对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
海区采样时间盐度范围站位类型吸收系数(m−1)/波长(nm)参考文献
南波罗的海1994年2.0~8.0低盐度(1.2~12)/355[23]
Funka湾2000年10月至2001年11月31.6~33.8高盐度(0.022~0.14)/440[24]
阿拉伯海1994年36.2~36.9高盐度(0.03~0.106)/375[25]
九龙口2005年4月0.11~5.92低盐度(2.25~3.32)/355[16]
10.2~27.08高盐度(0.47~1.92)/355
2003年8月0~5.41低盐度(2.3~3.11)/355[16]
10.14~29.86高盐度(0.7~2.26)/355
2005年11月0.22~9.11低盐度(1.54~2.76)/355 [16]
14.4~29.26高盐度(0.64~1.41)/355
长江口2003年8月0.21~7.89低盐度(1.75~2.42)/355[16]
10~30.91高盐度(0.46~1.8)/355
), ArticleFig(id=1233805860896567877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737683659453206, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Principle fluorescent component of CDOM in the Changjiang River Estuary and adjacent areas

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
荧光组分最大激发波长/发射波长(nm)荧光组分类型参考文献
C1280/330类蛋白质Peak T: 275/340[26]
; Peak T: 275/340[27]
C2300/350类腐殖质C3: 295/370[28]
; C6: 295/360[30]
C3260/465陆源类腐殖质Peak A :260/(380~460)[27]
; C3: 260(370)/490[32]
C4320/410陆源类腐殖质Peak C: (320~360)/420[27]
; C2: 305/396[31]
), ArticleFig(id=1233805861001425481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737683659453206, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

长江口及邻近海域CDOM的主要荧光组分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
荧光组分最大激发波长/发射波长(nm)荧光组分类型参考文献
C1280/330类蛋白质Peak T: 275/340[26]
; Peak T: 275/340[27]
C2300/350类腐殖质C3: 295/370[28]
; C6: 295/360[30]
C3260/465陆源类腐殖质Peak A :260/(380~460)[27]
; C3: 260(370)/490[32]
C4320/410陆源类腐殖质Peak C: (320~360)/420[27]
; C2: 305/396[31]
), ArticleFig(id=1233805861081117260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737683659453206, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Fluorescent intensity of CDOM component of the Changjiang River Estuary and adjacent areas in March, July and October

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
季节荧光组分表层荧光强度/RU表层平均荧光强度/RU中层荧光强度/RU中层平均荧光强度/RU底层荧光强度/RU底层平均荧光强度/RU
3月C10.005 9~0.1300.0360.005 3~0.0780.0280.008 3~0.1300.034
C20.003 5~0.0970.0240.003 3~0.0500.0170.005 1~0.0850.023
C30.004 3~0.0680.0270.003 6~0.0550.0200.005 2~0.0600.027
C40.004 9~0.1510.0360.004 3~0.0840.0220.006 4~0.0940.036
7月C10.018 3~0.1080.0370.013 0~0.0880.0340.010 5~0.1010.036
C20.005 0~0.0900.0460.002 7~0.3090.0450.004 2~0.3460.057
C30.008 5~0.0820.0360.007 0~0.0820.0300.006 4~0.0870.031
C40.007 0~0.1170.0470.007 0~0.1130.0400.005 5~0.1260.042
10月C10.001 6~0.2490.0330.005 0~0.0810.0240.008 7~0.2290.034
C20.006 9~0.1100.0270.006 4~0.0600.0220.006 2~0.1130.029
C30.002 0~0.0940.0310.006 8~0.0960.0280.001 2~0.0920.035
C40.007 6~0.1410.0420.009 1~0.0980.0340.007 6~0.1090.044
), ArticleFig(id=1233805861165003346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737683659453206, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

3月、7月及10月长江口及邻近海域CDOM各组分荧光强度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
季节荧光组分表层荧光强度/RU表层平均荧光强度/RU中层荧光强度/RU中层平均荧光强度/RU底层荧光强度/RU底层平均荧光强度/RU
3月C10.005 9~0.1300.0360.005 3~0.0780.0280.008 3~0.1300.034
C20.003 5~0.0970.0240.003 3~0.0500.0170.005 1~0.0850.023
C30.004 3~0.0680.0270.003 6~0.0550.0200.005 2~0.0600.027
C40.004 9~0.1510.0360.004 3~0.0840.0220.006 4~0.0940.036
7月C10.018 3~0.1080.0370.013 0~0.0880.0340.010 5~0.1010.036
C20.005 0~0.0900.0460.002 7~0.3090.0450.004 2~0.3460.057
C30.008 5~0.0820.0360.007 0~0.0820.0300.006 4~0.0870.031
C40.007 0~0.1170.0470.007 0~0.1130.0400.005 5~0.1260.042
10月C10.001 6~0.2490.0330.005 0~0.0810.0240.008 7~0.2290.034
C20.006 9~0.1100.0270.006 4~0.0600.0220.006 2~0.1130.029
C30.002 0~0.0940.0310.006 8~0.0960.0280.001 2~0.0920.035
C40.007 6~0.1410.0420.009 1~0.0980.0340.007 6~0.1090.044
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长江口及邻近海域有色溶解有机物的分布及河口混合行为的季节变化研究
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解李娜 1, 2 , 周斌 3 , 刘梦 1, 2 , 杨琳 1, 2 , 杨桂朋 1, 2 , 张婧 1, 2, *
海洋学报 | 论文 2021,43(4): 27-45
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海洋学报 | 论文 2021, 43(4): 27-45
长江口及邻近海域有色溶解有机物的分布及河口混合行为的季节变化研究
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解李娜1, 2 , 周斌3, 刘梦1, 2, 杨琳1, 2, 杨桂朋1, 2, 张婧1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1中国海洋大学 化学化工学院,山东 青岛 266100
  • 2中国海洋大学 海洋化学理论与工程技术教育部重点实验室,山东 青岛 266100
  • 3国家海洋局北海海洋工程勘察研究院,山东 青岛 266061
  • 解李娜(1995—),女,山东省潍坊市人,主要研究方向为海洋化学。E-mail:

通讯作者:

张婧,女,副教授,主要从事海洋中溶解有机物的研究。E-mail:
Seasonal variability of distribution and mixing behavior of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in the Changjiang River Estuary and adjacent areas
Li’na Xie1, 2 , Bin Zhou3, Meng Liu1, 2, Lin Yang1, 2, Guipeng Yang1, 2, Jing Zhang1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
  • 2Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
  • 3Marine Engineering Prospecting Institute of North China Sea, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, China
出版时间: 2021-04-25 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2021014
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于2019年3月、7月和10月对长江口及邻近海域有色溶解有机物(CDOM)的分布及河口混合行为进行分析研究。通过对盐度、吸收光谱斜率S275~295、吸收系数aCDOM(355)以及叶绿素a的分析发现,在河口内低盐度区,7月淡水流量大,陆源输入量最大,aCDOM(355)值最高,3月CDOM来源主要受陆源输入和浮游植物生产活动的影响,aCDOM(355)值较10月高;在口外高盐度区,3月和7月的aCDOM(355)值相近,均低于10月,CDOM分布主要受浮游植物生产活动的影响。利用三维荧光光谱−平行因子分析方法共鉴定出4个荧光组分:类蛋白质组分C1(280/330 nm)、类腐殖质组分C2(300/350 nm)、类腐殖质组分C3(260/465 nm)和类腐殖质组分C4(320/410 nm)。在3月、7月及10月,4个荧光组分强度由长江口内到口外呈递减趋势,受陆源输入和浮游植物生产活动的影响,平均荧光强度的季节变化总体上来说,由大到小依次为7月、10月、3月。3个季节CDOM荧光组分均存在偏离理论稀释线的现象,说明CDOM的来源(陆源输入、沉积物再悬浮和现场生物活动)和去除(被颗粒物吸附、光降解和细菌降解)机制复杂多变,揭示了长江口区域CDOM在不同时空下的不保守混合行为。

有色溶解有机物  /  荧光光谱  /  吸收光谱  /  长江口及邻近海域  /  季节变化

The distribution and mixing behavior of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in the Changjiang River Estuary and adjacent areas were analyzed in March, July and October of 2019. Through discussing the salinity, absorption spectral slope S275-295, absorption coefficient aCDOM(355) and Chl a, it was shown that the terrestrial input and aCDOM(355) had the highest value in July; aCDOM(355) was affected by terrestrial input and phytoplankton production activities in March, and the value in March was higher than that in October in the Changjiang River Estuary low salinity area. In addition, in high-salt offshore regions, aCDOM(355) was similar in March and July, and both were lower than that in October, these distribution of CDOM was mainly influenced by phytoplankton production activities. Four fluorescent components of CDOM were identified by EEMs-PARAFAC technique: one protein-like component C1 (280/330 nm) and three humic-like components C2 (300/350 nm), C3 (260/465 nm) and C4 (320/410 nm) respectively. Four fluorescent components declined from the inside to the outside of the Changjiang River Estuary in March, July and October. Affected by terrestrial input and phytoplankton production activities, the seasonal variation of the average fluorescence intensity from large to small was July, October and March. The fluorescence components of CDOM deviated from the theoretical dilution line in these three seasons. It showed that CDOM source (terrestrial input, sediment resuspension and on-site biological activities) and sink (adsorption of particulate matter, photodegradation and bacterial degradation) were complex and variable, revealing the non-conservative mixed behavior of CDOM in the Changjiang River Estuary.

chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM)  /  fluorescence spectrum  /  absorption spectrum  /  the Changjiang River Estuary and adjacent areas  /  seasonal variation
解李娜, 周斌, 刘梦, 杨琳, 杨桂朋, 张婧. 长江口及邻近海域有色溶解有机物的分布及河口混合行为的季节变化研究. 海洋学报, 2021 , 43 (4) : 27 -45 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2021014
Li’na Xie, Bin Zhou, Meng Liu, Lin Yang, Guipeng Yang, Jing Zhang. Seasonal variability of distribution and mixing behavior of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in the Changjiang River Estuary and adjacent areas[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2021 , 43 (4) : 27 -45 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2021014
有色溶解有机物(Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter, CDOM)是海洋溶解有机物(Dissolved Organic Matter, DOM)中的光学活性成分,根据它们结构和性质的不同,可以分为类蛋白质和类腐殖质。CDOM是一类由陆源和海洋自生有机物组成的复杂混合物,能够吸收紫外波段光和可见波段光[12]。陆源有机物通常来源于江河径流,而海洋自生有机物主要来源于浮游植物和细菌的降解、生物的排泄物及细胞渗漏等[2]。CDOM的吸光特性对于水生生态系统有双重影响。一方面,通过吸收光合有效辐射限制水域的光可用性,从而影响浮游植物的初级生产力;另一方面,CDOM可以限制有害紫外线的穿透深度,从而保护某些海洋水生生物[3]
长江口是我国最重要的河口之一,有三级分叉和4个出海口。崇明岛将长江口分为南支和北支[4]。该河口具有流速大、悬浮沉积物浓度高、咸水−淡水混合显著等特点。长江的年平均流量为2.9×104 m3/s,丰水期(5−10月)流量高,枯水期(11月至翌年4月)流量偏低[5]。虽然已有大量学者对长江口CDOM的分布和来源等做了大量分析,如孙语嫣等[6]研究了长江口春夏季CDOM的分布特征,发现CDOM含量由口内向口外逐渐递减,与盐度的分布正好相反;徐亚宏等[7]对2015年3月和7月长江口CDOM进行了研究,发现4种荧光组分在最大浑浊带处有添加过程,整体呈现河口不保守混合行为;Zhu等[8]在2014年对该区域的研究发现,2月和7月的 aCDOM(355)随着盐度的增加而降低,表明陆源输入是该区域CDOM的主要来源。之前的研究多集中在2个季节,很少关注3个季节CDOM的变化。本研究分别在2019年的3月、7月和10月对长江口及其邻近海域进行取样调查,结合三维荧光光谱−平行因子分析(EEMs-PARAFAC)技术,对3个季节CDOM的分布以及混合行为进行分析。探讨了CDOM荧光组分、总荧光强度(Total Fluorescence Intensity, TFI)、aCDOM(355)、S275~295、盐度、温度和Chl a浓度的时空分布特征并进行季节对比,以揭示CDOM的季节变化,进一步了解长江口CDOM在河口区有机碳的生物地球化学循环中的作用。
搭乘“润江1”号和“浙渔科2”号考察船,于2019年3月、7月和10月在长江口及邻近海域进行现场采样,站位如图1所示。现场用Niskin采水器采集各层水样,具体采样深度见附表A1至附表A3。用CTD测量水样的温度和盐度。将水样用孔径为0.7 μm的玻璃纤维滤膜(Whatman GF/F)过滤并转移到60 mL的棕色玻璃瓶中。样品瓶和滤器使用前须用10% HCl浸泡48 h,Milli-Q水润洗3遍,样品瓶烘干后与滤膜放在马弗炉中,于450℃条件下灼烧4 h。过滤完水样的滤膜对折后放入10 mL离心管(预先用铝箔包裹)中用于叶绿素的测定,在−20°C下冷冻保存。样品瓶所使用的螺纹塑料盖配有聚四氟乙烯衬垫,样品需于4°C下冷藏避光保存,航次结束后尽快分析测定。
测样前,将海水样品放在避光处升至室温,采用岛津UV双通道紫外−可见分光光度计配以长度为10 cm的石英比色皿进行测定,设置扫描波长范围为200~800 nm,扫描间隔为1 nm,用Milli-Q水作为空白参比,得到样品的吸光度。根据下式计算CDOM的吸收系数aCDOM($ \lambda $)(单位:m−1[1]
${a}_{{\rm{CDOM}}}\left(\lambda \right)=2.303\times A\left(\lambda \right)\div L,$
式中,$ \lambda $为波长(单位:nm);L为比色皿长度(单位:m);A(λ)为分光光度计测量的CDOM吸光度与700~800 nm吸光度平均值的差值,以进行零点校正和减小基线漂移等影响。由于CDOM是种复杂混合物,很难确定所含发色团的具体含量,所以常用某一特定波长处的吸收系数来表征。Guo等[9]认为,用波长为355 nm的吸收系数能更好表征CDOM的浓度,故本文选择355 nm处的吸收系数aCDOM(355)代表CDOM的相对浓度。
光谱斜率S的计算公式为[10]
${a}_{{\rm{CDOM}}}\left(\lambda \right)={a}_{{\rm{CDOM}}}\left(\lambda o\right){{\rm{e}}}^{\left[S\left(\lambda o-\lambda \right)\right]}+K,$
式中,$ \lambda $为波长(单位:nm);$ \lambda o $为参比波长(单位:nm);K为样品的吸收背景值;S为光谱斜率(单位:nm−1)。光谱斜率S通常作为CDOM的来源和种类的指标,可用来描述富里酸与腐殖酸的比例和分子量[11]。盐度与275~295 nm处的光谱斜率呈负相关,被认为是DOM分子量的良好指标[12]。根据公式(2),以440 nm作为参比波长,采用指数回归的方法对波长275~295 nm进行拟合得到S275~295
采用F-4500荧光分光光度计,以长度为1 cm的石英比色皿进行测定。荧光分光光度计光源为150 W的氙灯光源,PMT电压为700 V,激发波长(Ex)范围设置为200~400 nm,发射波长(Em)范围为250~550 nm,激发和发射的狭缝宽度均为5 nm,扫描速度为1 200 nm/min。以Milli-Q水作为空白值,进行荧光扫描。将得到的荧光光谱数据扣除对应波长下的Milli-Q水值,以激发波长为350 nm、发射波长为365~430 nm时水的拉曼峰面积进行校准,然后采用Delaunay三角形插值法[13]来消除瑞利散射、拉曼散射[14],对所得到的信号进行归一化处理。最后将数据导入软件MATLAB中,运用平行因子分析法解析三维荧光谱图,得到各荧光组分信息。
若每个组分的荧光强度用In(单位:RU)表示,则TFI的计算公式[6]
${\rm{TFI}}=\sum\limits _{1}^{n}{I}_{n}.$
采用荧光分光光度计来测定Chl a浓度[15]。在低温避光的条件下,用10 mL 90%的丙酮溶液将滤膜萃取24 h,在4 000 r/min转速下将萃取液离心10 min,取2 mL上清液待用。在激发波长为436 nm、发射波长为670 nm的条件下测定各浓度梯度下标准溶液的荧光强度,绘制工作曲线,根据标准曲线求得Chl a浓度,检出限是0.01 μg/L。
3月长江口及邻近海域表层、中层、底层的温度、盐度、aCDOM(355)、S275~295以及Chl a浓度的分布特征如图2所示。依据盐度大小对站位进行划分,将海域分为低盐度区(盐度小于10)和高盐度区(盐度大于10)[16]表1)。
图2可知,3层温度和盐度均呈现出沿水舌方向从河口内向口外增大的变化趋势,在整个研究区域内高盐度区所占范围非常大,说明3月淡水流量小,长江冲淡水扩展的区域小。aCDOM(355)分布与盐度的分布相反,沿着长江口由内到口外逐渐降低,高值出现口内,而Chl a浓度的高值也分布在长江口沿岸,该值是浮游植物初级生产的直接反映指标,可表征浮游植物的生产活动[6,1718]。由表1可知,aCDOM(355)和Chl a浓度在口内低盐度区的值均相应高于口外高盐度区,表明CDOM在口内受到陆源输入和浮游植物生产活动的共同影响。
光谱斜率S275~295可以表征CDOM相对分子量的大小、来源和迁移转化过程。Del Vecchio和Blough[19]的研究发现,海洋中S275~295处于0.02~0.03 nm−1范围内,且Helms等[20]指出,S275~295值高,则CDOM主要为海源有机质,S275~295值低,则CDOM主要为陆源有机质。S275~295平面分布特征大致呈现近岸低、远岸高的特征,越往口外高盐度区,S275~295值越高,海源有机质成分越多,表明在口外主要受海洋生物活动的影响。Zhang等[21]的研究发现,在远离陆地的海水中,CDOM主要受浮游植物的生产、有机物的降解、细菌的摄取以及生物细胞渗漏等生物活动影响。
7月长江口及邻近海域表层、中层、底层的温度、盐度、aCDOM(355)、S275~295以及Chl a浓度的分布特征如图3所示,各参数值信息见表2。温度的分布与3月的温度分布特征相反。盐度与3月份盐度分布趋势相同,但口内低盐度区较3月范围明显增大,且aCDOM(355)分布由近岸到远岸逐渐递减,高值出现在低盐度区,低值出现在口外高盐度区(表2),表明7月长江口受长江冲淡水的影响更大。
Chl a浓度高值区主要出现在北部,这是因为夏季长江冲淡水沿东北方向扩散,朱建荣[22]在2000年8月的研究中指出,长江冲淡水沿着东偏北扩展, 而Chl a高浓度中心也恰好位于东北,长江流域和沿岸工农业污水和生活用水等,含有丰富营养盐,其大量排放导致该区域高Chl a浓度较高。光谱斜率S275~295值在长江口内低,在高盐区受长江冲淡水影响减弱,aCDOM(355)降低,S275~295值升高。
10月长江口及邻近海域表层、中层、底层的温度、盐度、aCDOM(355)、S275~295以及Chl a浓度的分布特征如图4所示。各参数值信息见表3。温度和盐度与3月的温度、盐度分布趋势相同。
aCDOM(355)与3月、7月的分布相同,受长江冲淡水的影响由口内到口外减小。而Chl a浓度相则反,呈现出由长江口内到口外增加的变化趋势,且高值出现在远离近岸的高盐度区(表3),S275~295高值也主要出现在受陆源输入影响小的远岸区域,说明在长江口外,10月的CDOM主要受浮游植物生产活动的影响。
表4列出前人对该海域和其他近海区吸收系数的研究结果,与本研究3个季节的aCDOM(355)(表1表3)进行对比可知:在列出的海域中,南波罗的海低盐度区的aCDOM(355)值范围为1.2~12 m−1,高于本研究aCDOM(355)值,CDOM含量最高[23]。Funka湾[24]和阿拉伯海[25]高盐度水体中,aCDOM($ \lambda $)值要低于本研究aCDOM(355)值,CDOM含量较低。九龙口3个季节的调查航次[16]以及长江口2003年航次[16]在不同盐度区得到的aCDOM(355)值与本研究相比相差不大。总的来说,长江口CDOM含量处于中等水平。
用PARAFAC对研究区域3个季节水样的三维荧光光谱进行分析,共鉴别出4种荧光组分(图5)。与先前已有的文献研究进行对比得到3种类腐殖质组分和1种类蛋白质组分(表5)。类蛋白质组分C1的最大激发和发射波长分别为280 nm和330 nm,对应于类色氨酸的T峰[275/340 nm][2627],主要来源是微生物的降解或生物残骸。类腐殖质组分C2的最大激发波长出现在300 nm处,最大发射波长出现在350 nm处,与白莹[28]发现的类腐殖质组分组分C3的荧光特征非常相似,类似于海源类腐殖质M峰,生物活动对其有一定影响[29],也有学者认为该组分为是陆源腐殖质[26],而Kowalczuk等[30]认为,该种物质受海源、陆源的共同控制。C3为陆源类腐殖质组分,最大激发和发射波长分别为260 nm和465 nm,位于传统的A峰,被认为是含有高分子量的芳香性陆源腐殖质[29]。类腐殖质组分C4的最大激发和发射波长分别为320 nm和410 nm,与Holbrook等[31]发现的陆源类腐殖质组分C2相似,Stedmon和Markager[29]认为其在近岸区主要受径流输入和人为活动的影响,故C4为陆源有机质。
图6图8可知,4个荧光组分的分布特征相似,均沿着长江冲淡水的方向由口内向口外逐渐降低,与TFI和aCDOM(355)分布相吻合,而与调查海域的盐度分布呈相反关系,在近岸低盐度区荧光值高,远岸荧光值低,与孙语嫣等[6]研究的长江口及邻近海域春夏季CDOM各荧光组分的分布基本一致。此外,在研究区域的南边岛屿附近,CDOM组分荧光值较高,这主要受人类活动和杭州湾附近淡水输入的影响[6]。CDOM组分的分布表明,在近岸海域,径流携带大量CDOM注入海洋,陆源输入是CDOM的主要来源,而在远离大陆的外海区,受陆源输入影响减小,主要来源是海洋自生有机物,因此CDOM的含量偏低。
表6可知,3个季节CDOM在表层和底层的荧光值均比中层荧光值高。表层荧光值比中层高是因为表层低盐度区域范围显著大于中层低盐度区(图2图4),说明长江冲淡水在表层扩展区域大,表层受其影响大,中层受长江冲淡水的影响小。孙语嫣等[6]在该区域的研究也发现中层低盐度区范围减小,受长江冲淡水影响减弱,使得CDOM荧光值小于表层。Guéguen等[33]报道中也指出,径流淡水输入能够增加CDOM荧光值。而底层沉积物再悬浮使得底层各组分荧光值比中层高[6]。程远月等[34]对厦门湾九龙江河口区的报道中也指出,在近岸河口区,海水比较浅,由于潮汐的运动或者陆源输入等的影响,剧烈的再悬浮作用会对DOM的生物地球化学行为产生影响。
同时由表6可知,4个组分的平均荧光强度在3个季节的总体变化从大到小依次为7月、10月、3月。夏季降水丰富,陆源输入流量大,且光照充足、温度适宜,浮游植物的生产活动强,使得7月CDOM荧光组分的平均荧光强度最高。Su等[35]的研究也发现,由于大量陆源输入和较高的初级生产使得7月份荧光强度高于3月和10月。
本文选取C系列、A6系列的站位研究CDOM混合行为。依据Stedmon模型[36]假设在长江口区CDOM仅存在河端和海端的物理混合作用,以河海两个端元荧光组分的强度作出理论稀释线(图9)。若高于理论稀释线即说明组分存在原位产生等添加行为,低于理论稀释线则存在去除过程。
在3月,4个荧光组分在中低盐度区整体低于理论稀释线,7月的C3、C4也出现相同情况,说明在该区域物理混合过程中CDOM存在去除行为。这有以下3个原因:(1)由于低盐度区水体浑浊,而盐度10~20之间的站位更是位于口门最大浑浊带处,悬浮颗粒物含量较高,吸附CDOM使其沉淀,故荧光组分浓度降低[16];(2)细菌活动使组分发生降解[21],近岸陆源输入了丰富的有机物,再加上适宜的盐度有利于细菌的繁殖,进而促进了CDOM的降解。刘材材等[37]和刘晶晶等[38]在长江口的研究分别发现春季和夏季细菌的丰度达1.35×105~9.4×105个/mL、6.9×105~5.54×106个/mL;(3)荧光组分发生了光降解作用使得浓度偏离理论稀释线[39]
10月的4个荧光组分和7月的C1、C2总体呈现添加行为。在近岸低盐区,靠近江苏和上海等人口密集地区,工农业污水和生活废水的排放会造成荧光组分浓度升高。盐度为10~20的站位位于最大浑浊带,类腐殖质和类蛋白质组分都有一定程度的添加,类蛋白质组分C1的添加可能是在口门最大浑浊带处,此处细菌对有机体的降解、浮游生物的细胞渗透等生物活动强烈[7];类腐殖质的添加可能是由于最大浑浊带处强烈的再悬浮作用使类腐殖质从沉积物中释放出来造成的[7]。此外,7月C1、C2在远离陆地的高盐度区(盐度大于25)有添加行为,C1主要来源是微生物的降解或生物残骸,而C2是海陆源共同控制的,两组分的添加主要受到现场生物活动的影响[21]
CDOM的来源和去除机制复杂多变,荧光组分在不同时间和空间的混合行为特征不同。朱伟健等[40]在长江口的研究发现,口外CDOM既存在高于理论稀释线的添加行为,也有低于理论稀释线的去除过程,整体混合行为较复杂。总的来说,本研究显示,CDOM呈现河口不保守混合行为,与徐亚宏等[7]在本区域的调查结果一致。
(1)在口内低盐度区(盐度小于10),aCDOM(355)值在季节上的对比,由大到小依次为7月、3月、10月,夏季降雨量多,口内受长江冲淡水影响最大;3月口内Chl a浓度高于10月,CDOM受到长江冲淡水和浮游植物生产活动的双重影响,因此比10月的aCDOM(355)值高。在口外高盐度区(盐度大于10),10月aCDOM(355)值最高,3月和7月的aCDOM(355)值相差不大,这是由于Chl a浓度在10月最高,受浮游植物生产活动的影响最大。
(2)通过EEMs-PARAFAC技术对CDOM进行三维分析共识别出长江口及邻近海域CDOM的4个荧光组分,分别是1个类蛋白质组分C1(280/330 nm)与3个类腐殖质荧光组分C2(300/350 nm)、C3(260/465 nm)和C4(320/410 nm)。3个季节CDOM荧光组分在均表现出由长江口内到长江口外逐渐降低的分布特征,且平均荧光强度的季节变化总体上来说,从大到小依次为7月、10月、3月。
(3)在3月、7月和10月,4个荧光组分都在一定程度上偏离理论稀释线,表明在长江口区域,影响CDOM的因素复杂多变,CDOM整体呈不保守混合行为。
致谢:本文的样品由“浙渔科2”号和“润江1”号科考船采集,在此表示感谢。
  • 国家自然科学基金(41806093);国家自然科学基金委员会共享航次计划项目(41849903)。
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2021年第43卷第4期
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doi: 10.12284/hyxb2021014
  • 接收时间:2020-06-16
  • 首发时间:2026-02-26
  • 出版时间:2021-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2020-06-16
  • 修回日期:2020-08-07
基金
国家自然科学基金(41806093);国家自然科学基金委员会共享航次计划项目(41849903)。
作者信息
    1中国海洋大学 化学化工学院,山东 青岛 266100
    2中国海洋大学 海洋化学理论与工程技术教育部重点实验室,山东 青岛 266100
    3国家海洋局北海海洋工程勘察研究院,山东 青岛 266061

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张婧,女,副教授,主要从事海洋中溶解有机物的研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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