Article(id=1233737610473041959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1233737609160216756, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12284/hyxb2021088, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1600012800000, receivedDateStr=2020-09-14, revisedDate=1603296000000, revisedDateStr=2020-10-22, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1772075568073, onlineDateStr=2026-02-26, pubDate=1624550400000, pubDateStr=2021-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1772075568073, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1772075568073, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772075568073, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1233737609160216756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2021', volume='43', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='170', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1772075567760, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772075567760, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1, endPage=12, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1233737610754060329, articleId=1233737610473041959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=Hydrography and circulation of the South China Sea in deep summer: The August 2000 cruises revisited, columnId=1194652705852465724, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Funded by the National Key Basic Research Development Program, a multi-vessel oceanography survey was conducted synoptically in the South China Sea (SCS) in August 2000, which appeared to be the unique, available synoptic survey that covered the entire SCS basin in deep summer. A number of difficulties were encountered during the survey that affected the quality of observation, even though they were resolved underway. Although some related research works were previously published, no carefully quality control of the data and a comprehensive analyses had ever appeared before. In this work, the original CTD and shipboard ADCP data were carefully calibrated in the first place, and the hydrography and circulation features were then analyzed and discussed to leave a record of the cruises as complete as possible. The results indicate that, in deep summer, the basin shows different physical characteristics on both sides of its SW–NE oriented axis of the basin. The circulation is generally anticyclonic southeast of the axis, in which the Nansha anticyclonic gyre (NSAG) is especially powerful; the area northwest of the axis, in contrast, appears to be dominated by mesoscale features of different categories, where no obvious structure of large scale circulation is found. The analyses confirm that the scales of the NSAG are over 400 km horizontally and nearly 1000 m vertically, with a maximal swirling speed close to 1 m/s, which appears to be the most remarkable circulation feature of the SCS. Moreover, its position and strength are subject to significant interannual variation. In the Mindoro Strait, the exchange flow showes a sandwich structure during the observation period. This is different from our previous understanding and suggests that the strait exchange may have different modes varying with the forcing condition.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2021 Pratacultural Science. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Li Li, Jindian Xu), CN=ArticleExt(id=1233737613799125055, articleId=1233737610473041959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=盛夏南海的水文与环流特征: 2000年8月航次再探, columnId=1149698756456657529, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

在国家重点基础研究发展规划的支持下,2000年8月在南海组织了1次多船同步海洋学调查,是迄今为止盛夏期间唯一一次全海盆准同步水文观测。航次间遭遇的多种困难虽被及时化解,然而观测数据的质量已受影响。此前虽已有若干相关研究发表,但未见对观测数据进行质量控制和全面的分析。本文在对CTD和ADCP原始数据仔细校正的基础上,分析和讨论了盛夏期间南海海盆的水文和环流特征,冀留下尽可能完整的记录。分析表明,盛夏期间以海盆SW−NE向轴线为界,南海展现出不同的物理特征。轴线东南受季节性反气旋环流控制,其中次海盆尺度的南沙反气旋环流尤其强大;轴线西北则受各种中尺度现象支配,未见明显的大尺度环流结构。研究证实南沙反气旋环流的水平尺度超过400 km,垂直尺度达近千米,最大流速近1 m/s, 是夏季南海最突出的环流特征,但发现其位置和强度存在显著的年际变化。研究并发现,不同于以往的认识,观测期间民都洛海峡交换呈“三明治”结构,表明随强迫条件变化,民都洛海峡交换可出现不同模态。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《海洋学报》编辑部 2021, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=I598IheNqqRKyJLvlBiqog==, magXml=YrM7HPZlzZt28T99JqINmA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=Ov624BVVAAf/0dryPzBtRg==, pdfFileSize=13493026, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=vHAm0MCo2KCH3u1AmG9vMA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=VVLrEse8TuwTjV/dZxavBw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

李立(1946-),男,福建省泉州市人,研究员,从事物理海洋学研究。E-mail:

, authorsList=李立, 许金电)}, authors=[Author(id=1233737614113697867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=lili@tio.org.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1233737614197583953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, authorId=1233737614113697867, language=EN, stringName=Li Li, firstName=Li, middleName=null, lastName=Li, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Laboratory of Marine Dynamics, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1233737614252109908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, authorId=1233737614113697867, language=CN, stringName=李立, firstName=立, middleName=null, lastName=李, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1自然资源部第三海洋研究所 海洋动力学实验室,福建 厦门 361005, bio={"content":"

李立(1946-),男,福建省泉州市人,研究员,从事物理海洋学研究。E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

李立(1946-),男,福建省泉州市人,研究员,从事物理海洋学研究。E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1233737614008840260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1233737614017228869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, companyId=1233737614008840260, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Laboratory of Marine Dynamics, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1233737614029811782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, companyId=1233737614008840260, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1自然资源部第三海洋研究所 海洋动力学实验室,福建 厦门 361005)])]), Author(id=1233737614356967511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1233737614440853595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, authorId=1233737614356967511, language=EN, stringName=Jindian Xu, firstName=Jindian, middleName=null, lastName=Xu, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Laboratory of Marine Dynamics, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1233737614537322591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, authorId=1233737614356967511, language=CN, stringName=许金电, firstName=金电, middleName=null, lastName=许, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1自然资源部第三海洋研究所 海洋动力学实验室,福建 厦门 361005, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1233737614008840260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1233737614017228869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, companyId=1233737614008840260, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Laboratory of Marine Dynamics, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1233737614029811782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, companyId=1233737614008840260, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1自然资源部第三海洋研究所 海洋动力学实验室,福建 厦门 361005)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1233737614642180196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=South China Sea), Keyword(id=1233737614738649191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=summer circulation), Keyword(id=1233737614830923883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=Nansha anticyclonic gyre), Keyword(id=1233737614910615661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=Mindoro Strait), Keyword(id=1233737614973530223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=南海), Keyword(id=1233737615032250482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=夏季环流), Keyword(id=1233737615099359348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=南沙反气旋环流), Keyword(id=1233737615174856824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=民都洛海峡)], refs=[Reference(id=1233737618379305174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu Yonggang, Yuan Yaochu, Su Jilan, et al. Circulation in the South China Sea in summer of 1998[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2000, 45(18): 1648−1655., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1233737618484162779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=许金电, 李立, 郭小钢, 等. 1998年夏季季风爆发前后南海环流的多涡特征[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2001, 20(1): 44−51., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1233737618580631777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xu Jindian, Li Li, Guo Xiaogang, et al. Multi-eddy features of South China Sea circulation around onset of summer monsoon in 1998[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2001, 20(1): 44−51., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1233737618748403945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=吴日升, 郭小钢, 李立. 1998年冬季南海的海洋水文特征与环流[J]. 海洋学报, 2002, 24(S1): 142−153., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1233737618853261553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wu Risheng, Guo Xiaogang, Li Li. Winter hydrographic condition and circulation of the South China Sea in 1998[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2002, 24(S1): 142−153., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1233737618941341946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=许金电, 李立, 郭小刚. 2000年夏季南海“向阳红14”号航次CTD数据处理和校正技术报告[R]. 厦门: 国家海洋局第三海洋研究所, 2001., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1233737619029422338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xu Jindian, Li Li, Guo Xiaogang. CTD data processing and correction for the 2000 summer cruise of R/V Xiangyanghong 14[R]. Xiamen: Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 2001., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1233737619109114121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=袁耀初, 刘勇刚, 楼如云, 等. 2000年夏季南海环流的改进逆方法计算[J]. 海洋学报, 2004, 26(1): 1−13., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1233737619209777425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=8, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yuan Yaochu, Liu Yonggang, Lou Ruyun, et al. Calculation of circulation in the South China Sea during the summer of 2000 by the modified inverse method[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2004, 26(1): 1−13., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1233737619306246424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Huiqun, Yuan Yaochu, Guan Weibing, et al. Circulation in the South China Sea during summer 2000 as obtained from observations and a generalized topography-following ocean model[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2004, 109(C7): C07007., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1233737619406909726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xiao Xianjun, Wang Dongxiao, Xu Jianjun. The assimilation experiment in the southwestern South China Sea in summer 2000[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2006, 51(S2): 31−37., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1233737619499184419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=11, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li Li, Wu Risheng. Comment on “Circulation in the South China Sea during summer 2000 as obtained from observations and a generalized topography-following ocean model” by H. Wang et al[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2006, 111(C3): C03007., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1233737619595653417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=12, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Huiqun, Yuan Yaochu, Guan Weibing, et al. Reply to comment by L. Li and R. Wu on “Circulation in the South China Sea during summer 2000 as obtained from observations and a generalized topography-following ocean model”[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2006, 111(C3): C03008., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1233737619683733807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=13, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=庄伟, 王东晓, 吴日升, 等. 2000年夏季福建、广东沿海上升流的遥感与船舶观测分析[J]. 大气科学, 2005, 29(3): 438−444., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1233737619738259764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhuang Wei, Wang Dongxiao, Wu Risheng, et al. Coastal upwelling off eastern Fujian-Guangdong detected by remote sensing[J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 2005, 29(3): 438−444., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1233737619817951547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gan Jianping, Cheung A, Guo Xiaogang, et al. Intensified upwelling over a widened shelf in the northeastern South China Sea[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2009, 114(C9): C09019., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1233737619885060415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yuan Yaochu, Zhao Jinping, Wang Huiqun, et al. Current measurements and spectral analyses in the upper 450 m and deep layers of the northeastern South China Sea[J]. Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences, 2002, 45(11): 1008−1026., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1233737619968946503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=17, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Joyce T M. On in situ “calibration” of shipboard ADCPs[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 1989, 6(1): 169−172., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1233737620077998412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=14, rfOrder=18, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li Li. Summer upwelling system over the northern continental shelf of the South China Sea—a physical description[C]//Proceedings of the Symposium on the Physical and Chemical Oceanography of the China Seas. Beijing: China Ocean Press, 1993: 58–68., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1233737620153495892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=19, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gan Jianping, Li Li, Wang Dongxiao, et al. Interaction of a river plume with coastal upwelling in the northeastern South China Sea[J]. Continental Shelf Research, 2009, 29(4): 728−740., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1233737620233187677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=20, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu Qinyu, Yang Haijun, Liu Zhengyu. Seasonal features of the Sverdrup circulation in the South China Sea[J]. Progress in Natural Science, 2001, 11(3): 202−206., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1233737620321268065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=21, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wyrtki K. Physical oceanography of the Southeast Asian waters[C]//NAGA Report Volume 2, Scientific Results of Marine Investigations of the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand. La Jolla California: Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1961., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1233737621734748518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=22, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=徐锡祯, 邱章, 陈惠昌. 南海水平环流的概述[C]//中国海洋湖沼学会水文气象学会学术会议(1980)论文集. 北京: 科学出版社, 1982: 137-145., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1233737621810246000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=23, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xu Xizhen, Qiu Zhang, Chen Huichang. The general descriptions of the horizontal circulation in the South China Sea[C]//Proceedings of the 1980 Symposium on Hydrometeorology of the Chinese Society of Oceanology and Limnology. Beijing: Science Press, 1982: 137–145., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1233737621919297907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Fang Wendong, Guo Zhongxin, Huang Yuting. Observational study of the circulation in the southern South China Sea[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 1998, 43(11): 898−905., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1233737622024155511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=20, rfOrder=25, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Fang Wendong, Fang Guohong, Shi Ping, et al. Seasonal structures of upper layer circulation in the southern South China Sea from in situ observations[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2002, 107(C11): 3202., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1233737622108041593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=26, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Qu Tangdong, Song Y T, Yamagata T. An introduction to the South China Sea throughflow: its dynamics, variability, and application for climate[J]. Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans, 2009, 47(1/3): 3−14., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1233737622179344769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=22, rfOrder=27, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Qu Tangdong, Song Y T. Mindoro Strait and Sibutu Passage transports estimated from satellite data[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2009, 36(9): L09601., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1233737622263230854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=23, rfOrder=28, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sprintall J, Gordon A L, Flament P, et al. Observations of exchange between the South China Sea and the Sulu Sea[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2012, 117(C5): C05036., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1233737618253476047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划(2016YFC1402607);科技基础资源调查专项(2017FY201402);国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(G1999043807), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1233737614008840260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1233737614017228869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, companyId=1233737614008840260, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Laboratory of Marine Dynamics, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1233737614029811782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, companyId=1233737614008840260, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1自然资源部第三海洋研究所 海洋动力学实验室,福建 厦门 361005)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1233737615342628991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Map of the summer survey

CTD stations (red dot) and shipboard ADCP tracks (yellow line) of the August 2000 cruises in the South China Sea; the area south and north of 18°N was conducted by R/V Xiang Yang Hong 14 and R/V Nan Ce 12, respectively; red circle marks the inter-calibration stations for the three CTDs onboard R/V Xiang Yang Hong 14, and ① indicates the Mindoro Strait

, figureFileSmall=FBz+TyI61nDVjrHV/mPj3Q==, figureFileBig=vHAm0MCo2KCH3u1AmG9vMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233737615443292291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, language=CN, label=图1, caption=夏季航次调查

2000年8月南海航次CTD站位(红点)与船载ADCP测线(黄线),18°N南、北分别由“向阳红14”号和“南测12”号调查船执行;红圈标示“向阳红14”号3台CTD的比测站位,①为民都洛海峡

, figureFileSmall=FBz+TyI61nDVjrHV/mPj3Q==, figureFileBig=vHAm0MCo2KCH3u1AmG9vMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233737615648813193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=T-S diagrams for all CTD stations before (a) and after (b) correction, figureFileSmall=orX+xklYItOSXfigfciBtQ==, figureFileBig=Mqz4/lA9yitKu/MsQwEyXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233737615728504974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, language=CN, label=图2, caption=校正前(a)和校正后(b)所有CTD测站的T-S点聚图, figureFileSmall=orX+xklYItOSXfigfciBtQ==, figureFileBig=Mqz4/lA9yitKu/MsQwEyXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233737615833362579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Distributions of surface geopotential anomaly (DH, 10 J/kg=1 dyn·m) (a), surface dynamic topography derived (MDT) from satellite altimetry (b), and geopotential anomaly at 1000 kPa (depth: 100 m) (c) and 2 000 kPa levels (depth: 200 m) (d) in the South China Sea in August, 2000

The referred level of geopotential anomaly is the 8 000 kPa surface, subfigure a and b are overlapped with near-surface shipboard ADCP

vectors, and so for subfigure c with vectors at 100 m

, figureFileSmall=gZs80Bp+BDueF7+HC3nICw==, figureFileBig=smcBm9+GHkvP262alCq1gQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233737617297174682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, language=CN, label=图3, caption=2000年8月南海的海面重力势异常(DH, 10 J/kg=1 dyn·m)分布(a),卫星高度计遥感海面动力地形(MDT)分布(b),1 000 kPa (深度:100 m)(c)和2 000 kPa(深度:200 m)(d)层的重力势异常分布

重力势异常的参考面为8 000 kPa表面,其中a和b叠加有近表层船载ADCP实测流矢, c叠加有100 m层船载ADCP实测流矢

, figureFileSmall=gZs80Bp+BDueF7+HC3nICw==, figureFileBig=smcBm9+GHkvP262alCq1gQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233737617381060766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Distributions of temperature (℃, left column), salinity (middle column), and density (kg/m3, right column) at surface, 1000 kPa, 2000 kPa, 3 000 kPa, 4 000 kPa and 5 000 kPa levels, figureFileSmall=r9zhQz+csX304YI6T4i21Q==, figureFileBig=U9CREW8IXFMBvTQSOoUXrQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233737617473335460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, language=CN, label=图4, caption=表层、1 000 kPa、2 000 kPa、3 000 kPa、4 000 kPa和5 000 kPa各层的温度(℃,左列)、盐度(中间列)和密度(kg/m3,右列)的水平分布, figureFileSmall=r9zhQz+csX304YI6T4i21Q==, figureFileBig=U9CREW8IXFMBvTQSOoUXrQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233737617624330409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Vertical distributions of hydrographic properties on zonal, cross-basin sections in 15°N(a−c)and 12°N(d−f), figureFileSmall=kkHbXUAphuT7I5kcgCNNJw==, figureFileBig=xp1HbeUnsAg/W5L37OrcqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233737617758548145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, language=CN, label=图5, caption=15°N(a−c)和12°N(d−f)两个纬向跨海盆断面上水文性质的垂直分布, figureFileSmall=kkHbXUAphuT7I5kcgCNNJw==, figureFileBig=xp1HbeUnsAg/W5L37OrcqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233737617842434230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Monthly surface dynamic topography (unit: m) derived from satellite altimetry for each observational period (a−d) and the corresponding climatological month (e−h), figureFileSmall=VAwzJySXyR0gmrlSVLz/nQ==, figureFileBig=5hJscTX9jhzEAj9GQpW+kQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233737617947291838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, language=CN, label=图6, caption=各次观测期间(a−d)和相应气候态的月平均(e−h)卫星高度计遥感海面动力地形(单位:m), figureFileSmall=VAwzJySXyR0gmrlSVLz/nQ==, figureFileBig=5hJscTX9jhzEAj9GQpW+kQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233737618047955139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Distribution of density on the 100 m level off the Mindoro Strait plotted with CTD stations (grey dots) and shipboard ADCP tracks used (red line) (a); vertical profiles of SW (pink) and NE (blue) current components averaged along the ADCP tracks (b); vertical profiles of temperature (red) and salinity (blue) of CTD stations in subfigure a, and for the one degree mean at (9.5°N,120.5°E) from WOA13 (thick lines) (c), figureFileSmall=f3A+pxxKg0sFG3IvlZ6cig==, figureFileBig=nJjrnJ+F7Jk16bQkXD5o7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233737618140229832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233737610473041959, language=CN, label=图7, caption=民都洛海峡口外100 m层的密度分布(单位:kg/m3)、CTD测站(灰点)、船载ADCP测线(红线)(a);船载ADCP测线平均流速剖面,粉色(蓝色)为SE(NE)分量 (b);a图中CTD测站温度(红线)和盐度(蓝线)的深度剖面,粗线为WOA13之1°平均值(9.5°N,120.5°E)(c), figureFileSmall=f3A+pxxKg0sFG3IvlZ6cig==, figureFileBig=nJjrnJ+F7Jk16bQkXD5o7g==, tableContent=null)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1146441459026210850, delFlag=0, nameCn=海洋学报, nameEn=Haiyang Xuebao, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=0253-4193, eissn=null, cn=11-2055/P, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=否, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=uYi7hkkrve+l8pIcwqcaQQ==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=null, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1751262543687, updatedTime=1761729782936, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=H, firstLetterEn=H, subjectCode=Natural Sciences, subjectName=Natural Sciences, subjectCodeEn=Natural Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=uYi7hkkrve+l8pIcwqcaQQ==, picEn=C0WLQb7uW3ok8EkkVOAGuw==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1190344242636624294, language=CN, name=海洋学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.hyxbocean.cn/, createdTime=1761729782971, updatedTime=1761729782971, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://www.hyxb.org.cn/aos/ch/author/login.aspx, submissionEditorUrl=http://www.hyxb.org.cn/aos/ch/login.aspx, submissionReviewUrl=http://www.hyxb.org.cn/aos/ch/auditor/login.aspx, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1190344242712121767, language=EN, name=Haiyang Xuebao, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.aosocean.com/, createdTime=1761729782989, updatedTime=1761729782989, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://www.hyxb.org.cn/aos/ch/author/login.aspx, submissionEditorUrl=http://www.hyxb.org.cn/aos/ch/login.aspx, submissionReviewUrl=http://www.hyxb.org.cn/aos/ch/auditor/login.aspx, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1149651085930835976, websiteList=[Website(id=1188165202219512001, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1149651085930835976, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1761210259251, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761210330879, updateBy=18614031015, name=海洋学报-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=海洋学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1188166688563413602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761210613623, updateTime=1761210613623, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166688538247775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761210613617, updateTime=1761210613617, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166688529859166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/CN/file/pic?fileId=BDEio/cxHnid8OD4QxrAYQ==, createTime=1761210613615, updateTime=1761210613615, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166688555024993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1761210613621, updateTime=1761210613621, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166688546636384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1761210613619, updateTime=1761210613619, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166688575996515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761210613626, updateTime=1761210613626, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166688596968036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761210613631, updateTime=1761210613631, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1188165202282426564, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1149651085930835976, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1761210259266, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761210377920, updateBy=18614031015, name=海洋学报-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Haiyang Xuebao, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1188166798101856873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761210639739, updateTime=1761210639739, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166798076691046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761210639733, updateTime=1761210639733, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166798068302437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/EN/file/pic?fileId=BDEio/cxHnid8OD4QxrAYQ==, createTime=1761210639731, updateTime=1761210639731, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166798093468264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1761210639737, updateTime=1761210639737, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166798085079655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1761210639735, updateTime=1761210639735, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166798106051178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761210639740, updateTime=1761210639740, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166798110245483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761210639741, updateTime=1761210639741, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=海洋学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=http://www.hyxbocean.cn/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Haiyang Xuebao, journalPhotoCn=uYi7hkkrve+l8pIcwqcaQQ==, journalPhotoEn=C0WLQb7uW3ok8EkkVOAGuw==, journalFirstLetter=H, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/CN/10.12284/hyxb2021088, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/EN/10.12284/hyxb2021088, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/CN/PDF/10.12284/hyxb2021088, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/EN/PDF/10.12284/hyxb2021088, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
盛夏南海的水文与环流特征: 2000年8月航次再探
收藏切换
PDF下载
李立 1 , 许金电 1
海洋学报 | 论文 2021,43(6): 1-12
收起
收藏切换
海洋学报 | 论文 2021, 43(6): 1-12
盛夏南海的水文与环流特征: 2000年8月航次再探
全屏
李立1 , 许金电1
作者信息
  • 1自然资源部第三海洋研究所 海洋动力学实验室,福建 厦门 361005
  • 李立(1946-),男,福建省泉州市人,研究员,从事物理海洋学研究。E-mail:

Hydrography and circulation of the South China Sea in deep summer: The August 2000 cruises revisited
Li Li1 , Jindian Xu1
Affiliations
  • 1Laboratory of Marine Dynamics, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
出版时间: 2021-06-25 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2021088
文章导航
收藏切换

在国家重点基础研究发展规划的支持下,2000年8月在南海组织了1次多船同步海洋学调查,是迄今为止盛夏期间唯一一次全海盆准同步水文观测。航次间遭遇的多种困难虽被及时化解,然而观测数据的质量已受影响。此前虽已有若干相关研究发表,但未见对观测数据进行质量控制和全面的分析。本文在对CTD和ADCP原始数据仔细校正的基础上,分析和讨论了盛夏期间南海海盆的水文和环流特征,冀留下尽可能完整的记录。分析表明,盛夏期间以海盆SW−NE向轴线为界,南海展现出不同的物理特征。轴线东南受季节性反气旋环流控制,其中次海盆尺度的南沙反气旋环流尤其强大;轴线西北则受各种中尺度现象支配,未见明显的大尺度环流结构。研究证实南沙反气旋环流的水平尺度超过400 km,垂直尺度达近千米,最大流速近1 m/s, 是夏季南海最突出的环流特征,但发现其位置和强度存在显著的年际变化。研究并发现,不同于以往的认识,观测期间民都洛海峡交换呈“三明治”结构,表明随强迫条件变化,民都洛海峡交换可出现不同模态。

南海  /  夏季环流  /  南沙反气旋环流  /  民都洛海峡

Funded by the National Key Basic Research Development Program, a multi-vessel oceanography survey was conducted synoptically in the South China Sea (SCS) in August 2000, which appeared to be the unique, available synoptic survey that covered the entire SCS basin in deep summer. A number of difficulties were encountered during the survey that affected the quality of observation, even though they were resolved underway. Although some related research works were previously published, no carefully quality control of the data and a comprehensive analyses had ever appeared before. In this work, the original CTD and shipboard ADCP data were carefully calibrated in the first place, and the hydrography and circulation features were then analyzed and discussed to leave a record of the cruises as complete as possible. The results indicate that, in deep summer, the basin shows different physical characteristics on both sides of its SW–NE oriented axis of the basin. The circulation is generally anticyclonic southeast of the axis, in which the Nansha anticyclonic gyre (NSAG) is especially powerful; the area northwest of the axis, in contrast, appears to be dominated by mesoscale features of different categories, where no obvious structure of large scale circulation is found. The analyses confirm that the scales of the NSAG are over 400 km horizontally and nearly 1000 m vertically, with a maximal swirling speed close to 1 m/s, which appears to be the most remarkable circulation feature of the SCS. Moreover, its position and strength are subject to significant interannual variation. In the Mindoro Strait, the exchange flow showes a sandwich structure during the observation period. This is different from our previous understanding and suggests that the strait exchange may have different modes varying with the forcing condition.

South China Sea  /  summer circulation  /  Nansha anticyclonic gyre  /  Mindoro Strait
李立, 许金电. 盛夏南海的水文与环流特征: 2000年8月航次再探. 海洋学报, 2021 , 43 (6) : 1 -12 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2021088
Li Li, Jindian Xu. Hydrography and circulation of the South China Sea in deep summer: The August 2000 cruises revisited[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2021 , 43 (6) : 1 -12 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2021088
南海是地球上为数不多的大型次级海盆之一,纵跨20多纬距,横越10经距,面积约为3.5×106 km2。其平均水深约为1 200 m,最大深度超过5 500 m。由于海域广袤,相关海洋科学考察大多只根据研究的焦点对其局部海域开展观测。迄今为止,涵盖整个海域的“全覆盖”海洋学观测仅组织过3次。它们分别是1998年6−7月实施的“南海季风试验(SCSMEX)”之IOP2航次[12]、1998年12月实施的南海海洋环境补充调查航次[3]以及本文讨论的国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(G1999043800)“中国近海环流形成变异机理、数值预测方法及对近海环境影响的研究”之夏季调查航次(图1[4]。该次调查在8月实施,结束于季风转换之前,几乎覆盖了整个南海海盆,第1次给出了盛夏时分南海完整的三维水文和环流结构。尽管近年来卫星遥感技术极大丰富了人们对海洋动力过程的认识,但受其海面观测性质之局限,现场调查依然是海洋研究不可或缺的重要手段。只有现场观测方能充分揭示海面以下的物理过程。
此前已有学者使用该航次的部分观测结果就2000年夏季南海环流开展过一些研究[5-7]。然而,因该次调查由多船实施,而且航次期间主力考察船的观测设备出现问题[8-9],迄今为止依然缺少对该次调查数据质量的仔细考证和结果的综合分析。为弥补不足,本文首先对参与该次调查各船的观测数据进行了尽可能严格的校准,然后以校准后的数据为基础展开分析,以保证研究的可靠性。
本次调查在2000年7月29日至9月6日间展开,“向阳红14”号、“南测12”号、“延平2”号等多艘科考船参与了实施,主要项目包括温盐深仪(CTD)、沿程船载多普勒声学海流剖面仪(ADCP)、测流潜标等观测。因关注重点在于海盆尺度的水文与环流,本文主要分析与讨论“向阳红14”号和“南测12”号的观测结果。“延平2”号航次[1011]及相关潜标海流观测[12]集中在南海北部陆架附近,与本文关注重点有别,不再重复,有兴趣的读者请参见相应文献。
图1给出本次调查期间“向阳红14”号和“南测12”号实施的CTD测站站位和“向阳红14”号船载ADCP测线分布。其中,“南测12”号负责18°N以北的58个CTD测站,实际完成100个剖面,目标观测深度约为1 000 m。该船装备有3套CTD,本文采用其中海鸟SBE 19提供的57个站位以保证数据的一致性。“向阳红14”号负责18°N以南的89个测站,目标观测深度为1 500 m。该船实际完成92个CTD剖面,其中80个由Neil Brown Mark III CTD完成,12个由海鸟SBE 25 CTD完成,内含62号、79号、131号3个比测站。沿程测流采用RDI 150 kHz 窄带船载ADCP执行。
文中所给出的2000年8月的遥感海面动力地形是由当月的海平面高度异常(Sea Level Anomaly, SLA)与融合平均动力地形(MDT_CNES-CLS-09)合成而得。卫星高度计数据均系在法国国家太空研究中心支持下,由Ssalto/Duaces多任务卫星高度计数据处理系统完成,AVISO(Archiving,Validation and Interpretation of Satellite Oceanographic data, http://www.aviso.oceanobs.com)分发。
虽“南测12”号有3台CTD装备,但仅海鸟SBE 19 CTD全程使用,除却第N49号测站完成了57站位的观测,为此予以采用以保证观测的一致性。不过航次所提交的数据噪音偏大(图2a),因此首先按海鸟数据处理软件的标准程序滤除噪音,而后就温度−盐度(T-S)特征曲线低于12℃部分,与同一海域业经标定与质量检验后的历史CTD测站的比对结果表明,其盐度值偏低0.03。据此,对全部57个测站的盐度做了校正。
“向阳红14”号的情况比较复杂。其主力CTD MARK III在航次初期即发生故障,虽经现场维修后投入使用,但观测结果需严格质量控制后方可使用。另外,航次备用的SBE 25 CTD使用前经过标定,数据可靠,但因水文绞车故障仅完成了12个测站,其中包含3个与MAKRK III CTD的比测站,可供后者数据校正使用。其校正步骤如下:
(1)首先用131号比测站比测结果对MARK III数据进行系统误差订正。分别对两台仪器获取的温度和电导率数据做线性回归(在回归之前分别用41点中位数滤波器和三角滤波器对MARK III CTD数据做了两次平滑以除去毛刺),求得
$T^\prime = 1.005\;61T - 0.031\;828\;1,$
$C^\prime = 1.003\;81C - 0.118\;761,$
式中,TCT′、C′分别为SBE 25 CTD和MARK III CTD获取温度和电导率。
(2)根据上两式对MARK III CTD的所有测站的温度、电导率数据进行线性校正。
(3)此后,以131号比测站为基准,对各站的T-S特征曲线逐一加以比较,发现校正后MARK III CTD给出的盐度值不太稳定,站与站之间存在系统偏差。鉴于CTD温度探头工作正常,根据各站T-S特征曲线14℃以下部分求得同一温度下单站盐度与131号比测站盐度偏差的平均值,并据此对该站盐度加以校正。此外对个别盐度出现台阶式跳跃的测站,则先将跳跃段改正后再如上做单站校正。
图2对比了校正前后所有测站的T-S特征。由图2a可见,校正前“南测12”号和“向阳红14”号的观测结果均存在明显噪音与偏差。经校正之后(图2b)噪音明显减小,而它们的T-S特征与经标定的SBE 25的一致性表明盐度偏差已得到改正,数据质量明显提高,保证了以下分析的可信度。
对船载ADCP给出的原始海流数据的分析发现,测得的海流流矢总是偏向航迹的一侧(如文献[6],图3),表明船载ADCP轴线与“向阳红14”号船轴线不一致。该偏差导致常规计算中船速不能准确扣除,从而被投影到分析所得水体流速上造成严重系统误差。此前本文作者已参照Joyce[13]分析过误差原因,根据GPS导航阶段的航向、船速和原始海流数据求得两轴线之间的偏角α=2.17°,尺度校正参数β=1.003 6[8]。本文据此对船载ADCP原始数据加以订正。
图4给出500 m以浅主要层次的温度、盐度和密度的水平分布。盛夏南海表层水温大都高于28℃,受陆地影响大陆一侧水温较高,岛链一侧较低,自西北往东南呈下降趋势。在台湾海峡南口、中南半岛南部近岸可见河口羽流影响,较弱低盐区也出现在吕宋岛西岸和民都洛海峡口上,这些影响也反映在密度场上。
100 m(水深增大1 m相当于压力增大10 kPa,后同)层海水性质分布以海盆SW−NE轴线为界明显分成两部分。水文分布格局与表层完全不同,海区西北部相对低温、高盐、高密度,显示大陆一侧深层冷水抬升,反映了在夏季西南季风作用下南海水文结构海盆尺度的动力调整。该调整虽未将冷水带至海面,但为夏季沿岸上升流的发生提供了背景条件。在菲律宾群岛西侧和中南半岛东南可见两个高温、低盐、低密度海区。前者中心位于民都洛海峡口上,表现为以民都洛海峡为核心向西扩展的高温、低盐、低密度水舌,提示苏禄海水体的可能影响。后者应为夏季该海域常见的南沙反气旋环流(Nansha Anticyclonic Gyre, NSAG)[14]。此外,在较小尺度上,海区东北部有黑潮暖水侵入,在东沙岛以西海域则有一中尺度冷涡发育。
与100 m层相比,200 m层同样发生了显著变化,其盐度差异甚小,海水性质的分布格局主要表现为沿海盆轴向呈SW−NE分布的暖水带。暖水带含南北两个反气旋核,分别位于12.0°N,112.5°E和14.5°N,116.0°E,中心水温高于19℃和17℃,密度小于25.1 kg/m3和25.3 kg/m3。沿岸(特别是大陆沿岸)则相对低温、高密,表明海盆中部大尺度环流为反气旋型,应为季风响应所致。该层的另一值得注意显著变化是,民都洛海峡口外的低盐、低密度水舌消失,提示在200 m层苏禄海水体的影响已不复存在。除此之外,东北部黑潮入侵仍十分明显,其南侧冷涡依然可见但却表现为低盐核,反映了气旋型冷涡中心低盐中层水上涌。
这一格局在300 m层得以维持,此时暖水带的两个核心表现出高盐特征,表明在反气旋中心次表层高盐水下沉。有趣的是,在海南岛东南方出现了一个浅层未见的中尺度暖中心,其原因待考。
400 m层和500 m层的分布格局较其上层有了明显的变化,暖水带东北部的暖核心已趋于消失,但南沙反气旋仍是水温和密度分布的主要特征,此外亦可见海南岛东南方的中尺度暖中心。盐度的分布则发生根本的变化,自北向南呈带状分布,其值逐步升高。盐度的最低值出现在吕宋海峡,说明带状结构是侵入南海的北太平洋中层水向南运移所致。上述水温和密度的分布格局在600 m层仅依稀可见,盐度分布与500 m层相似。在更深层次,各要素的水平较差变得很小,不再讨论。
图5是15°N和12°N两个横跨海盆纬向断面上水文性质的垂直分布。15°N位于NSAG以北,较好地反映了观测期间南海海盆的大尺度水文分布特征(图5a图5c)。由图可见,大致以116°E为中心,温盐密度的等值线都向两侧抬升,在400 m以浅尤为显著,提示海盆尺度环流大抵呈反气旋型。不过116°E以西等值线的抬升明显高于海盆东侧,表明这里的气旋型环流是不对称的,断面西侧的北向流会更强些。在近陆坡处分布变得复杂,可见等值线较小尺度的波状起伏,在深处更加明显。这提示在近陆坡处上下层的主要物理过程可能有所不同。
12°N断面在NSAG核心略偏北处横切过。在116°E以西,断面图的左侧可见等值线明显下沉,核心水体水温(密度)明显高(低)于周边。NSAG的水平尺度大于3个纬距(约400 km),垂直尺度达近千米。其反气旋特征在1 000 m深处依然得以维持,尽管因相差偏小在水平分布上难以分辨。值得注意的是,在NSAG的中心等温线和等密线隆起,即便在深处亦是如此,表明NSAG内部可能存在复杂的流场结构。
受海区北部测站观测深度所限,我们根据CTD现场观测数据计算了海面相对8 000 kPa表面的重力势异常(亦即相对8000 kPa表面的动力高度,图3a)并与当月卫星高度计遥感海面动力地形(图3b)以及船载ADCP的实测流矢对比。其结果显示,三者所揭示的主要环流特征相当一致,表明经校正后的CTD和船载ADCP数据准确地反映了观测期间南海上层的环流特征,另一方面,也说明南海上层环流主要受800 m以浅的斜压地转分量所支配。
表层重力势异常和动力地形分析都显示,观测期间,南海大抵以海盆SW−NE走向的轴线为界分野,东南部动力地形高于西北部。轴线东南由两个高值区组成:其一位于中南半岛南部外海(中心位置11.5°N,112.0°E),其二位于吕宋岛西侧外海(15.0°N,118.0°E附近),说明有反气旋涡状环流存在。整体而言,海盆东南受反气旋型环流控制(虽然高值区的分布因实测和遥感的时空采样方式的差别而有所不同),其中最突出的特征是中南半岛南部外NSAG及其北侧密集的等值线所反映的强离岸流,二者的ADCP实测最大流速都达近1 m/s。
在海盆轴线西北特别是大陆沿岸海面动力地形处低位,显示西南季风驱动下南海海盆尺度的动力响应,包括大尺度温盐结构季节性调整和沿大陆近岸(从中南半岛南端到台湾海峡)分布的近岸上升流及其伴随的东北向急流[14-15]。分析并揭示,观测期间海盆轴线西北海域基本受中尺度现象支配,未见明确的大尺度环流结构。自吕宋海峡往西依次可见黑潮入侵在南海东北部形成的高值带(21°N)、东沙岛西南方的气旋涡(19.0°N,116.5°E)、海南岛东南方的反气旋涡(17.0°N,112.0°E)以及中南半岛中部向东突出的气旋型舌(14°N)。
根据开阔海域的Sverdrup输运理论或风应力旋度分析,以往有研究认为,夏季南海北部环流应该是气旋型的[16]。从观测结果看,侵入南海东北部的黑潮流套的南段、吕宋岛西侧反气旋环流的西北段以及东沙东南的冷涡虽构成气旋状流态,然而其尺度不及海盆宽度的一半,代表不了海盆轴线西北海域的大尺度环流态势。与此相反,卫星高度计给出的动力地形显示,在沿岸低值区的外侧等值线密集,地转环流朝向东北。因此,夏季南海北部并没有明显的大尺度气旋型环流态势呈现,地形边界的作用应该是导致该结果有别于Sverdrup输运的主要原因。而黑潮的外强迫及其诱发的涡旋则令该海域的环流主要受活跃的中尺度现象所支配。
100 m层和200 m层的重力势异常分布与表层有所不同,其东南−西北分野弱化,主要表现为海盆中部由SW−NE走向的两个相邻的高值中心组成的反气旋环流结构(图3c图3d)。二者之中NSAG尤显突出,其水体呈高温、低盐、低密度,在海水特性分布上有着明显的印记(图4图5)。从图3c图3d还可看到,在上述反气旋环流结构以南重力势异常分布比较均匀,而在其北侧分布则呈现较复杂的高低起伏。吕宋海峡黑潮的入侵及东沙岛以西的气旋涡特征依然明显,海南岛东南海域的反气旋涡也依稀可见,在其西侧未见西边界流,次表层环流主要受中尺度变异主导。
位于中南半岛东南外海的NSAG是南海夏季环流最显著的特征。早在20世纪60年代,Wyrtki便已注意到夏季中南半岛东南部外海表层西向强化的北向流及其外侧的逆流[17],并得到夏季平均动力高度场分析的支持[18]。但直到20世纪90年代才有关于NSAG的现场观测见诸文献。迄今为止,相关的观测仅有4次,分别来自1994年9月和1999年7月南沙调查的夏季航次[1920]、1998年6月的南海季风实验夏季航次[12]以及本文讨论的2000年8月航次。比较它们的观测结果(图3,文献[1-2,19-20])可知,NSAG在纬向跨4个经距,水平尺度约400 km(在经向向南延伸尺度要大些),垂向尺度至少有400 m,并有迹象表明,其影响可达近千米(图5d至图5f)。NSAG的核心大致稳定于112°E附近,但所处的纬度不稳定,南北波动明显。
从上述4个航次所在月份的卫星高度计遥感海面动力地形(图6a图6d)可以看到,1998年6月、1999年7月和2000年8月NSAG核心区都在11.5°N附近,但1994年9月却在9.5°N附近,南偏了两个纬距。与此相应,其北侧的离岸流与岸线分离的纬度也明显不同。对比多年月平均动力地形(图6e图6h)可见,就气候态而言,NSAG的强度要比观测期间弱得多(尤其是6月),而且气候态核心所处纬度的季节波动仅半个纬距(6−8月在10.0°N,9月在9.5°N)。这说明,NSAG的强度和位置都存在明显的年际差异,年际变化较季节变化更为显著,其规律有待深入探索。
民都洛海峡是南海与苏禄海水交换的主要通道,早在20世纪60年代,Wyrtki[17]便指出苏禄海水来自南海,并根据船舶报资料认为,在西南季风期(6−9月)民都洛海峡表层流从南海流入苏禄海,而在东北季风强盛期(12月至翌年3月)则相反。近年来,南海在太平洋−印度洋盆间交换中所起作用被重视[21],民都洛海峡交换也日受关注。Qu和Song[22]通过遥感海面高度和海底压力的分析表明,存在1个持续的斜压梯度驱动南海到苏禄海的溢流,其平均输送约为2.4×106 m3/s,大都经民都洛海峡底层流入。2008年前后,PhilEX项目在民都洛海峡投放了长达15个月的ADCP测流潜标,证实不论冬夏,民都洛海峡的下层流均由南海流向苏禄海,而上层流则呈明显的季节循环:从4月起经整个西南季风期到11月向北流入南海,冬季则相反。夏季流速呈两层结构,上进下出,切变大致位于200 m上下[23]
本航次期间,“向阳红14”号在民都洛海峡北侧口外有1个船载ADCP走航断面,图7截取了断面1个日潮周期的测线上(图7a)的海流观测,估算了峡口的平均余流剖面(图7b)。其结果表明,观测期间确有海水自苏禄海经民都洛海峡口涌入南海,但沿海峡走向流速却呈3层结构。涌向南海的入流发生在上混合层底(约60 m)到210 m区间,流速最大值出现在大约100 m深处,上下层流向则都与中层相反。流向苏禄海的上层出流出现在上混合层,近表层流速约为10 cm/s;下层出流则发生在200 m以深层次,并随水深而增强,最大流速约5 cm/s。
水文观测亦支持上述海流分析,分布显示,在1 000 kPa(近100 m)层,海区东侧的水文特征表现为以民都洛海峡为核心的高温、低盐、低密度水舌(图3a)。水舌沿吕宋岛和巴拉望岛西岸向两翼扩展,并西伸至115°E附近。在峡口入流的核心水温超过25℃,盐度低于34.2,密度小于22.5 kg/m3,呈高温、低盐、低密度特征,水体应来自苏禄海。通过与苏禄海8月多年平均温盐剖面的对比(图7c)可以看到,南海和苏禄海的剖面曲线的交点大致出现在100 m附近,在交点以下,苏禄海的盐度低于南海水温却高于南海。因此,上述高温、低盐、低密度水舌确为来自苏禄海的逆流,只是观测期间苏禄海的温盐剖面与多年平均结果略有不同。
上述苏禄海入侵水体在表层不甚明显,在2 000 kPa层则全然不可见,说明在近表层和下层不存在苏禄海入流水体的影响。这和峡口断面余流的分析结果一致,表明经民都洛海峡涌入南海的苏禄海入流主要发生在温跃层(50~200 m),在100 m附近最为显著。流向苏禄海的表层出流主要发生在50 m以浅之上混合层,而下层溢流则在200 m以下。因此,经民都洛海峡的盆间交换的垂直结构要比此前的理解复杂,在不同的条件下交换可出现不同模态。
经认真校正,2000年8月南海多船准同步调查的CTD和船载ADCP观测数据质量得以提高,达到正常工作水平。分析表明,盛夏期间南海海面动力地形东南部高于西北部,水文和环流性质大抵以SW−NE走向的海盆轴线为界展现不同特征。
海盆轴线东南海域受季节性反气旋环流控制,由直径约为400 km的两个相邻的次海盆尺度反气旋涡状环流组成,其核心水体呈高温、低密度特征。二者之中,位于中南半岛南部外海的南沙反气环流尤为强大,是盛夏南海海盆最显著的特征。其实测最大流速近1 m/s,垂直尺度不低于400 m,并有迹象表明其影响可达近千米。遥感分析显示,NSAG中心的平均位置在10.0°N,111°E附近,但4次已有的现场观测期间,NSAG的中心位置都有明显偏移。其中心经度相对稳定在112°E附近,中心纬度却存在明显的差异,南北波动达两个纬距,说明NSAG及其北侧伴随的离岸流存在显著的年际变化。
海盆轴线西北海域展现诸多中尺度特征,入侵黑潮、中尺度冷/暖涡以及西南季风驱动的沿岸上升流均为重要特征,但未现明确的大尺度环流结构。复杂的外强迫和地形的影响可能是导致轴线西北受中尺度现象控制的主要原因。
观测证实,夏季有苏禄海水经民都洛海峡注入南海。但发现与以往的认知不同,观测期间民都洛海峡交换呈3层结构,上混合层和下层均流向苏禄海,进入南海的入流则发生在60~200 m的中层,其流速最大值约为10 cm/s,出现在约100 m深处。侵入南海的水体呈高温、低盐、低密度性质,沿吕宋岛和巴拉望岛海岸向两侧扩展,并向西深入达115°E,不过影响仅限于跃层附近,在近表层和200 m层均难寻踪迹。这一结果表明,在一定的条件下民都洛海峡的水交换可呈不同模态。
NSAG的年际变化和苏禄海水交换的多模特征是值得进一步探讨的科学问题。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2016YFC1402607);科技基础资源调查专项(2017FY201402);国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(G1999043807)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
1
Liu Yonggang, Yuan Yaochu, Su Jilan, et al. Circulation in the South China Sea in summer of 1998[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2000, 45(18): 1648−1655.
2
许金电, 李立, 郭小钢, 等. 1998年夏季季风爆发前后南海环流的多涡特征[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2001, 20(1): 44−51.
Xu Jindian, Li Li, Guo Xiaogang, et al. Multi-eddy features of South China Sea circulation around onset of summer monsoon in 1998[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2001, 20(1): 44−51.
3
吴日升, 郭小钢, 李立. 1998年冬季南海的海洋水文特征与环流[J]. 海洋学报, 2002, 24(S1): 142−153.
Wu Risheng, Guo Xiaogang, Li Li. Winter hydrographic condition and circulation of the South China Sea in 1998[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2002, 24(S1): 142−153.
4
许金电, 李立, 郭小刚. 2000年夏季南海“向阳红14”号航次CTD数据处理和校正技术报告[R]. 厦门: 国家海洋局第三海洋研究所, 2001.
Xu Jindian, Li Li, Guo Xiaogang. CTD data processing and correction for the 2000 summer cruise of R/V Xiangyanghong 14[R]. Xiamen: Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 2001.
5
袁耀初, 刘勇刚, 楼如云, 等. 2000年夏季南海环流的改进逆方法计算[J]. 海洋学报, 2004, 26(1): 1−13.
Yuan Yaochu, Liu Yonggang, Lou Ruyun, et al. Calculation of circulation in the South China Sea during the summer of 2000 by the modified inverse method[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2004, 26(1): 1−13.
6
Wang Huiqun, Yuan Yaochu, Guan Weibing, et al. Circulation in the South China Sea during summer 2000 as obtained from observations and a generalized topography-following ocean model[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2004, 109(C7): C07007.
7
Xiao Xianjun, Wang Dongxiao, Xu Jianjun. The assimilation experiment in the southwestern South China Sea in summer 2000[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2006, 51(S2): 31−37.
8
Li Li, Wu Risheng. Comment on “Circulation in the South China Sea during summer 2000 as obtained from observations and a generalized topography-following ocean model” by H. Wang et al[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2006, 111(C3): C03007.
9
Wang Huiqun, Yuan Yaochu, Guan Weibing, et al. Reply to comment by L. Li and R. Wu on “Circulation in the South China Sea during summer 2000 as obtained from observations and a generalized topography-following ocean model”[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2006, 111(C3): C03008.
10
庄伟, 王东晓, 吴日升, 等. 2000年夏季福建、广东沿海上升流的遥感与船舶观测分析[J]. 大气科学, 2005, 29(3): 438−444.
Zhuang Wei, Wang Dongxiao, Wu Risheng, et al. Coastal upwelling off eastern Fujian-Guangdong detected by remote sensing[J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 2005, 29(3): 438−444.
11
Gan Jianping, Cheung A, Guo Xiaogang, et al. Intensified upwelling over a widened shelf in the northeastern South China Sea[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2009, 114(C9): C09019.
12
Yuan Yaochu, Zhao Jinping, Wang Huiqun, et al. Current measurements and spectral analyses in the upper 450 m and deep layers of the northeastern South China Sea[J]. Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences, 2002, 45(11): 1008−1026.
13
Joyce T M. On in situ “calibration” of shipboard ADCPs[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 1989, 6(1): 169−172.
14
Li Li. Summer upwelling system over the northern continental shelf of the South China Sea—a physical description[C]//Proceedings of the Symposium on the Physical and Chemical Oceanography of the China Seas. Beijing: China Ocean Press, 1993: 58–68.
15
Gan Jianping, Li Li, Wang Dongxiao, et al. Interaction of a river plume with coastal upwelling in the northeastern South China Sea[J]. Continental Shelf Research, 2009, 29(4): 728−740.
16
Liu Qinyu, Yang Haijun, Liu Zhengyu. Seasonal features of the Sverdrup circulation in the South China Sea[J]. Progress in Natural Science, 2001, 11(3): 202−206.
17
Wyrtki K. Physical oceanography of the Southeast Asian waters[C]//NAGA Report Volume 2, Scientific Results of Marine Investigations of the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand. La Jolla California: Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1961.
18
徐锡祯, 邱章, 陈惠昌. 南海水平环流的概述[C]//中国海洋湖沼学会水文气象学会学术会议(1980)论文集. 北京: 科学出版社, 1982: 137-145.
Xu Xizhen, Qiu Zhang, Chen Huichang. The general descriptions of the horizontal circulation in the South China Sea[C]//Proceedings of the 1980 Symposium on Hydrometeorology of the Chinese Society of Oceanology and Limnology. Beijing: Science Press, 1982: 137–145.
19
Fang Wendong, Guo Zhongxin, Huang Yuting. Observational study of the circulation in the southern South China Sea[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 1998, 43(11): 898−905.
20
Fang Wendong, Fang Guohong, Shi Ping, et al. Seasonal structures of upper layer circulation in the southern South China Sea from in situ observations[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2002, 107(C11): 3202.
21
Qu Tangdong, Song Y T, Yamagata T. An introduction to the South China Sea throughflow: its dynamics, variability, and application for climate[J]. Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans, 2009, 47(1/3): 3−14.
22
Qu Tangdong, Song Y T. Mindoro Strait and Sibutu Passage transports estimated from satellite data[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2009, 36(9): L09601.
23
Sprintall J, Gordon A L, Flament P, et al. Observations of exchange between the South China Sea and the Sulu Sea[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2012, 117(C5): C05036.
2021年第43卷第6期
PDF下载
136
58
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.12284/hyxb2021088
  • 接收时间:2020-09-14
  • 首发时间:2026-02-26
  • 出版时间:2021-06-25
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2020-09-14
  • 修回日期:2020-10-22
基金
国家重点研发计划(2016YFC1402607);科技基础资源调查专项(2017FY201402);国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(G1999043807)
作者信息
    1自然资源部第三海洋研究所 海洋动力学实验室,福建 厦门 361005
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/CN/10.12284/hyxb2021088
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏