Article(id=1233732449277104511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1233732443715465784, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12284/hyxb2021057, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1581609600000, receivedDateStr=2020-02-14, revisedDate=1593273600000, revisedDateStr=2020-06-28, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1772074337547, onlineDateStr=2026-02-26, pubDate=1616601600000, pubDateStr=2021-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1772074337547, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1772074337547, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772074337547, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1233732443715465784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2021', volume='43', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='164', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1772074336222, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772074336222, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null}, startPage=90, endPage=104, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1233732449604260241, articleId=1233732449277104511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=Sequential extraction procedure and element occurrence states of hydrothermal sediments from the South Atlantic Ridge, columnId=1194652705852465724, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this study, elemental and mineral compositions of three surface sediments collected from the South Atlantic Ridge affected by hydrothermal activities of various degrees were analyzed, and series of extraction experiments for carbonate phase, Fe-Mn oxide phase and insoluble residual phase were carried out. Mixed reagent of hydroxylamine hydrochloride (HH) with different concentrations and 25% acetic acid (HAc) were used to extract Fe-Mn oxide phase from the sample. In order to corroborate the reliability of the extracting methods, Ti/Nd and Ti/Pb ratios of the Fe-Mn oxide phase, rare earth elements (REE) patterns as well as δCe and δEu ratios of different chemical phase were used to determine that the ideal reagent conditions for extracting Fe-Mn oxide phase from three different types of hydrothermal sediments were all 0.5 mol/L HH in 25% acetic acid. The results show that the higher the degree of influence of hydrothermal activities, the higher the contents of Fe, Cu, Zn and other elements in the sediments, and the contents of Ca, Sr and Ba show an opposite trend. Manganese, Pb and REE are not significantly affected by hydrothermal activities. As the influence of hydrothermal activity increases, the proportion of Ca, Sr and Nd increases in the Fe-Mn oxide phase and decreases in the residual phase, while Mn, Co, Ni and Zn have an opposite trend, and the proportion of Cu increases in the carbonate phase and decreases in the residual phase. Lead is not affected by the influence strength of hydrothermal activity and mainly occurs in the Fe-Mn oxide phase. REE mainly occur in the residue state. The occurrence state of REE shows that the more significant influence by the hydrothermal activities of the sediments, the more enrichment of REE in the residual phase. And the chondrite-normalized REE patterns of the residual phase exhibit that the enrichment of light REE are less obvious. This study provides methods for extracting hydrothermal fractions and valuable geochemical data for further understanding of the characteristics of hydrothermal sediments and the effects of hydrothermal activities on the occurrence state of elements in the South Atlantic Ridge.

, correspAuthors=Jihua Liu, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2021 Pratacultural Science. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ying Zhang, Baoju Yang, Chuanshun Li, Xiaojing Wang, Hongmin Wang, Jihua Liu), CN=ArticleExt(id=1233732452586410463, articleId=1233732449277104511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=南大西洋热液沉积物的不同相态提取方法与元素赋存状态, columnId=1149698756456657529, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本文对采自南大西洋受不同程度热液活动影响的表层沉积物样品进行了元素和矿物组成分析,并对热液沉积物的碳酸盐相、Fe-Mn氧化物相和残渣态进行了一系列顺序提取实验。选用不同浓度的盐酸羟胺(HH)和醋酸(HAc)混合溶液对样品的Fe-Mn氧化物相进行提取,通过分析不同实验条件下Fe-Mn氧化物相Ti/Nd、Ti/Pb比值和Fe-Mn氧化物相、残渣态的稀土元素(REE)标准化配分模式及Ce和Eu异常值,确定了不同类型热液沉积物样品Fe-Mn氧化物相提取的理想试剂条件均为0.5 mol/L HH和25% HAc混合溶液。研究结果表明,受热液活动影响程度越高,沉积物中Fe、Cu、Zn等元素含量越高,Ca、Sr、Ba含量呈相反趋势,Mn、Pb和REE未受到热液活动明显影响;随着受热液活动影响增强,Ca、Sr、Nd在Fe-Mn氧化物相中所占比例增加,在残渣态中降低,Mn、Co、Ni和Zn呈相反趋势,Cu在碳酸盐相所占比例增加,在残渣态中降低,Pb赋存状态不受热液活动影响,主要赋存于Fe-Mn氧化物相;REE主要赋存于残渣态,沉积物受热液活动影响越明显,残留相对REE富集能力越强,残渣态REE球粒陨石标准化配分模式表现为LREE相对富集越来越不明显的特征。本文研究为进一步了解南大西洋热液沉积物特征和热液活动对沉积物元素赋存状态影响提供了方法和地球化学数据支持。

, correspAuthors=刘季花, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
刘季花(1965-),女,研究员,主要从事海洋沉积地球化学方面研究。E-mail:
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张颖(1986-),女,山西省晋中市人,主要从事海洋沉积物元素与同位素分析研究。E-mail:

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张颖(1986-),女,山西省晋中市人,主要从事海洋沉积物元素与同位素分析研究。E-mail:

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Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1994, 58(23): 5105−5113., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1233804250246074644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233732449277104511, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=41, rfOrder=50, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=曾志刚, 翟世奎, 赵一阳, 等. 大西洋中脊TAG热液活动区中热液沉积物的稀土元素地球化学特征[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 1999, 19(3): 59−66., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1233804250308989207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233732449277104511, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=41, rfOrder=51, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zeng Zhigang, Zhai Shikui, Zhao Yiyang, et al. Rare earth element geochemistry of hydrothermal sediment from the TAG hydrothermal field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 1999, 19(3): 59−66., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1233804250384486682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233732449277104511, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=42, rfOrder=52, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Murray R W, Leinen M. Scavenged excess aluminum and its relationship to bulk titanium in biogenic sediment from the central equatorial Pacific Ocean[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1996, 60(20): 3869−3878., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1233804250455789853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233732449277104511, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=43, rfOrder=53, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kryc K A, Murray R W, Murray D W. Al-to-oxide and Ti-to-organic linkages in biogenic sediment: relationships to paleo-export production and bulk Al/Ti[J]. 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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233732449277104511, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Chondrite-normalized REE distribution patterns in bulk sediments of different phases in hydrothermal sediments from South Atlantic (normalization values according to the reference [32]), figureFileSmall=iIW6O/y/YZTqLAKuV/WsmA==, figureFileBig=BAcHWEzPnSD0z80gkInFzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233804239210860566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233732449277104511, language=CN, label=图4, caption=样品全岩、碳酸盐相、Fe-Mn氧化物相和残渣态的稀土元素球粒陨石标准化模式图(球粒陨石标准化值据文献[32]), figureFileSmall=iIW6O/y/YZTqLAKuV/WsmA==, figureFileBig=BAcHWEzPnSD0z80gkInFzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233804239315718171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233732449277104511, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Element occurrence states of different hydrothermal sediments, figureFileSmall=aa9hUIpJJAgD4Wt8RhJ8wA==, figureFileBig=hP1jq+Tq4DHNic0xCyPc2A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233804239437352993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233732449277104511, language=CN, label=图5, caption=样品中元素赋存状态, figureFileSmall=aa9hUIpJJAgD4Wt8RhJ8wA==, figureFileBig=hP1jq+Tq4DHNic0xCyPc2A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233804239533821988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233732449277104511, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

The chemical composition of three sediment samples and the carbonate-free fraction

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品号Al2O3CaOFe2O3K2ONa2OMgOMnOTiAl/TiBaSrCoNiCuZnCrVMo
全样33II-121.0048.331.940.311.780.750.1844642.31621620151969226.35381.62
26V-043.4941.314.170.302.311.910.17209231.53001734232741611237831.16
26III-0413.330.8425.800.211.3215.430.21507149.79.6752110841001297616343316.12
非碳酸盐33II-1211.992.3523.361.561.003.701.92482617651431501407912338461215.72
26V-0413.237.6617.390.481.845.590.69851411751818610018053141664724.42
26III-0410.330.5025.160.210.3113.160.2153401.981010083525994418958113.10
样品号PbThULaCePrNdSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuY
全样33II-1211.851.150.3211.8514.102.7511.062.430.602.420.412.630.501.380.211.190.1815.90
26V-0423.930.900.3610.5513.632.6111.192.620.772.690.483.030.591.740.261.540.2418.13
26III-0412.570.554.795.3310.681.929.222.900.793.320.674.670.912.810.412.490.4225.01
非碳酸盐33II-1214510.961.3136.311698.6834.236.991.997.151.237.871.534.410.694.260.6644.15
26V-041072.670.6214.6448.244.1418.034.571.594.960.966.321.273.630.583.540.5632.45
26III-0412.910.534.424.569.821.668.162.590.672.840.644.450.912.600.412.550.4223.93
), ArticleFig(id=1233804239647068202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233732449277104511, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

样品全岩及非碳酸盐组分化学分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品号Al2O3CaOFe2O3K2ONa2OMgOMnOTiAl/TiBaSrCoNiCuZnCrVMo
全样33II-121.0048.331.940.311.780.750.1844642.31621620151969226.35381.62
26V-043.4941.314.170.302.311.910.17209231.53001734232741611237831.16
26III-0413.330.8425.800.211.3215.430.21507149.79.6752110841001297616343316.12
非碳酸盐33II-1211.992.3523.361.561.003.701.92482617651431501407912338461215.72
26V-0413.237.6617.390.481.845.590.69851411751818610018053141664724.42
26III-0410.330.5025.160.210.3113.160.2153401.981010083525994418958113.10
样品号PbThULaCePrNdSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuY
全样33II-1211.851.150.3211.8514.102.7511.062.430.602.420.412.630.501.380.211.190.1815.90
26V-0423.930.900.3610.5513.632.6111.192.620.772.690.483.030.591.740.261.540.2418.13
26III-0412.570.554.795.3310.681.929.222.900.793.320.674.670.912.810.412.490.4225.01
非碳酸盐33II-1214510.961.3136.311698.6834.236.991.997.151.237.871.534.410.694.260.6644.15
26V-041072.670.6214.6448.244.1418.034.571.594.960.966.321.273.630.583.540.5632.45
26III-0412.910.534.424.569.821.668.162.590.672.840.644.450.912.600.412.550.4223.93
), ArticleFig(id=1233804239781285936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233732449277104511, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The recovery rate of elements under different experimental conditions (%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品号C(HH)/(mol·L−1AlCaFeMgMnTiSrCoNiCuZnCrPbNd
26V-04294.7112.192.094.790.195.793.783.3122.996.790.0122.6100.887.1
193.1111.988.493.391.489.993.686.1122.296.587.2123.097.786.2
0.589.4111.488.490.588.588.393.582.1119.396.189.4112.398.385.5
0.2595.3112.093.298.092.697.193.687.7129.3100.091.8124.690.688.8
0.191.3111.497.688.691.194.493.884.1121.0111.997.9116.1121.191.2
26III-042102.1107.098.4100.595.897.398.294.697.992.997.9116.792.591.5
188.598.398.292.095.497.693.992.6100.092.297.9121.191.792.9
0.595.297.498.095.495.797.393.791.597.493.598.4116.791.994.4
0.25101.893.097.5102.294.597.591.792.799.592.898.6123.690.094.3
0.1104.092.3101.5101.396.7100.593.092.9104.995.4102.4119.6100.094.0
), ArticleFig(id=1233804241219932213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233732449277104511, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同实验条件下元素回收率(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品号C(HH)/(mol·L−1AlCaFeMgMnTiSrCoNiCuZnCrPbNd
26V-04294.7112.192.094.790.195.793.783.3122.996.790.0122.6100.887.1
193.1111.988.493.391.489.993.686.1122.296.587.2123.097.786.2
0.589.4111.488.490.588.588.393.582.1119.396.189.4112.398.385.5
0.2595.3112.093.298.092.697.193.687.7129.3100.091.8124.690.688.8
0.191.3111.497.688.691.194.493.884.1121.0111.997.9116.1121.191.2
26III-042102.1107.098.4100.595.897.398.294.697.992.997.9116.792.591.5
188.598.398.292.095.497.693.992.6100.092.297.9121.191.792.9
0.595.297.498.095.495.797.393.791.597.493.598.4116.791.994.4
0.25101.893.097.5102.294.597.591.792.799.592.898.6123.690.094.3
0.1104.092.3101.5101.396.7100.593.092.9104.995.4102.4119.6100.094.0
), ArticleFig(id=1233804241345761340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233732449277104511, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Proportion of main phases from experimental investigations (%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
C(HH)/(mol·L−1)样品33II-12样品26V-04样品26III-04
碳酸盐相Fe-Mn氧化物相残渣态碳酸盐相Fe-Mn氧化物相残渣态碳酸盐相Fe-Mn氧化物相残渣态
292.571.336.1076.713.0520.245.1410.8684.00
192.541.076.3878.102.7919.115.549.3285.14
0.592.580.906.5278.232.5619.205.467.9286.62
0.2592.950.696.3777.371.9920.645.386.5988.02
0.177.112.0920.805.235.1089.67
), ArticleFig(id=1233804241450618940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233732449277104511, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同实验条件下提取出的沉积物各相态百分比(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
C(HH)/(mol·L−1)样品33II-12样品26V-04样品26III-04
碳酸盐相Fe-Mn氧化物相残渣态碳酸盐相Fe-Mn氧化物相残渣态碳酸盐相Fe-Mn氧化物相残渣态
292.571.336.1076.713.0520.245.1410.8684.00
192.541.076.3878.102.7919.115.549.3285.14
0.592.580.906.5278.232.5619.205.467.9286.62
0.2592.950.696.3777.371.9920.645.386.5988.02
0.177.112.0920.805.235.1089.67
), ArticleFig(id=1233804241563865151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233732449277104511, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Percentage of representative elements in different chemical phase from leaching tests (%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品号相态C(HH)/(mol·L−1)Al2O3CaOFe2O3MgOMnOTiSrCoNiCuZnCrPbNd
33II-12碳酸盐相4.6799.612.5356.0613.350.2899.070.0056.9930.4126.194.742.0273.61
Fe-Mn氧化物相24.210.1230.664.9182.652.180.3090.9623.6326.0124.8711.0990.6915.68
13.980.1327.644.5983.681.410.3590.0726.0224.3525.678.4284.2116.47
0.53.130.1222.973.8983.740.960.3289.2523.9619.9822.027.5568.2513.62
0.252.680.1119.843.3282.710.470.3088.0122.9017.9219.896.3847.7811.57
残渣态290.910.2166.6936.332.6597.530.569.0414.1341.6947.6982.957.248.72
191.360.2769.8339.342.9798.310.589.9316.9945.2448.1486.8413.779.92
0.592.150.2474.5638.743.4198.760.5810.7517.3750.4352.4387.2029.8211.93
0.2592.430.2677.6039.374.5899.240.5611.9918.1650.7653.7788.3150.2413.69
26V-04碳酸盐相4.4995.802.0427.458.890.0997.380.0030.3628.8039.506.081.5160.67
Fe-Mn氧化物相25.750.2139.156.7273.262.700.8363.6821.8340.3328.939.8790.8619.08
15.320.2136.785.4474.101.490.8664.3720.3239.4728.257.7084.6118.83
0.54.580.1832.693.6773.950.790.8165.5718.0134.2925.906.3365.3216.35
0.254.070.1629.853.1472.320.360.7861.6416.4828.7924.045.1251.3914.83
0.13.960.1826.403.6573.180.210.8264.0316.0220.7521.715.0323.4813.02
残渣态289.763.9958.8165.8317.8597.201.7936.3247.8030.8731.5884.057.6420.25
190.113.8161.1066.7017.1398.411.6735.6349.1331.6630.9886.2313.8319.87
0.590.673.4565.1867.6017.0099.111.6834.4350.7136.7134.3187.0233.1321.83
0.2591.473.9868.1370.3319.0399.551.7838.3654.6743.3337.2488.8946.9425.63
0.191.393.4071.6867.0018.0299.701.8935.9753.1554.3641.9588.5575.2629.04
26III-04碳酸盐相0.2534.761.871.302.490.0058.503.560.5556.664.390.190.9910.29
Fe-Mn氧化物相23.1322.6026.963.0725.970.5123.9830.415.0930.5721.605.2186.9050.91
12.5716.2221.732.6624.510.2219.9429.724.1527.7715.233.5980.8647.42
0.51.8112.9217.232.0123.710.1018.0225.613.1225.4711.282.8268.9741.70
0.251.2511.3214.361.5322.850.0416.4624.802.4322.728.512.0256.0035.10
0.10.9110.2213.571.4622.920.0216.2124.732.4322.477.332.0442.2731.73
残渣态296.6242.6471.1795.6371.5399.4917.5266.0394.3612.7774.0194.6012.1138.80
197.1445.9576.3995.9372.9999.7718.9066.6495.3215.1180.3896.2218.1442.44
0.597.9248.9080.8996.6273.8099.9020.6970.7196.3318.2284.3596.9930.0448.32
0.2598.4948.6883.7697.2074.6299.9620.9071.5797.0320.5487.1397.8042.9854.91
0.198.8449.4784.6197.2574.6199.9822.0171.6497.0522.3488.4897.7856.8158.24
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不同实验条件下代表性元素在各相态中百分比(%)

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样品号相态C(HH)/(mol·L−1)Al2O3CaOFe2O3MgOMnOTiSrCoNiCuZnCrPbNd
33II-12碳酸盐相4.6799.612.5356.0613.350.2899.070.0056.9930.4126.194.742.0273.61
Fe-Mn氧化物相24.210.1230.664.9182.652.180.3090.9623.6326.0124.8711.0990.6915.68
13.980.1327.644.5983.681.410.3590.0726.0224.3525.678.4284.2116.47
0.53.130.1222.973.8983.740.960.3289.2523.9619.9822.027.5568.2513.62
0.252.680.1119.843.3282.710.470.3088.0122.9017.9219.896.3847.7811.57
残渣态290.910.2166.6936.332.6597.530.569.0414.1341.6947.6982.957.248.72
191.360.2769.8339.342.9798.310.589.9316.9945.2448.1486.8413.779.92
0.592.150.2474.5638.743.4198.760.5810.7517.3750.4352.4387.2029.8211.93
0.2592.430.2677.6039.374.5899.240.5611.9918.1650.7653.7788.3150.2413.69
26V-04碳酸盐相4.4995.802.0427.458.890.0997.380.0030.3628.8039.506.081.5160.67
Fe-Mn氧化物相25.750.2139.156.7273.262.700.8363.6821.8340.3328.939.8790.8619.08
15.320.2136.785.4474.101.490.8664.3720.3239.4728.257.7084.6118.83
0.54.580.1832.693.6773.950.790.8165.5718.0134.2925.906.3365.3216.35
0.254.070.1629.853.1472.320.360.7861.6416.4828.7924.045.1251.3914.83
0.13.960.1826.403.6573.180.210.8264.0316.0220.7521.715.0323.4813.02
残渣态289.763.9958.8165.8317.8597.201.7936.3247.8030.8731.5884.057.6420.25
190.113.8161.1066.7017.1398.411.6735.6349.1331.6630.9886.2313.8319.87
0.590.673.4565.1867.6017.0099.111.6834.4350.7136.7134.3187.0233.1321.83
0.2591.473.9868.1370.3319.0399.551.7838.3654.6743.3337.2488.8946.9425.63
0.191.393.4071.6867.0018.0299.701.8935.9753.1554.3641.9588.5575.2629.04
26III-04碳酸盐相0.2534.761.871.302.490.0058.503.560.5556.664.390.190.9910.29
Fe-Mn氧化物相23.1322.6026.963.0725.970.5123.9830.415.0930.5721.605.2186.9050.91
12.5716.2221.732.6624.510.2219.9429.724.1527.7715.233.5980.8647.42
0.51.8112.9217.232.0123.710.1018.0225.613.1225.4711.282.8268.9741.70
0.251.2511.3214.361.5322.850.0416.4624.802.4322.728.512.0256.0035.10
0.10.9110.2213.571.4622.920.0216.2124.732.4322.477.332.0442.2731.73
残渣态296.6242.6471.1795.6371.5399.4917.5266.0394.3612.7774.0194.6012.1138.80
197.1445.9576.3995.9372.9999.7718.9066.6495.3215.1180.3896.2218.1442.44
0.597.9248.9080.8996.6273.8099.9020.6970.7196.3318.2284.3596.9930.0448.32
0.2598.4948.6883.7697.2074.6299.9620.9071.5797.0320.5487.1397.8042.9854.91
0.198.8449.4784.6197.2574.6199.9822.0171.6497.0522.3488.4897.7856.8158.24
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Element concentrations and element ratios in different chemical phase from leaching tests

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样品号相态C(HH)/(mol·L−1)Al2O3CaOFe2O3MgOMnOTiSrCoNiCuZnCrPbNdAl/TiTi/PbTi/Nd
33II-12碳酸盐相0.0558.150.050.400.021.1314500.00172260.390.237.522284.950.15
Fe-Mn氧化物相23.886.2750.783.0910.997874048355891 58952167921143260.855.48
13.586.3344.972.8411.485004409076641 52554961822145380.613.45
0.53.326.9545.732.8114.2539647610767091 53757758833142440.482.79
0.253.598.4449.693.1318.5724458913938801 69865964740157780.331.56
残渣态213.791.8818.203.780.06579612513.675843317183121312.59478440
113.822.2819.104.090.07585112416.8273476173105231512.50259398
0.513.491.9920.453.860.08563212117.847153418993501712.68112329
0.2513.402.2121.024.020.11562512020.527552019396842012.6167281
26V-04碳酸盐相0.1957.340.100.640.022.4220450.0013150513.540.477.654195.150.32
Fe-Mn氧化物相26.233.2649.253.993.7417754443932405 32895614672061192.4729.07
16.193.4048.593.474.1910075004492435 68798912571065331.4215.45
0.55.563.1447.002.474.415675134742295 350101010260061520.949.29
0.256.803.7258.342.965.823696406142936 029124411856174980.664.97
0.16.023.8751.312.955.501976415802534 6181136102325641620.613.10
残渣态214.659.1211.145.880.14961314433.717961415718799.758.071056985
115.309.2311.786.220.14969214236.22866661582031710.048.36572966
0.514.718.2812.516.080.14953514233.22867651791874110.888.17235877
0.2514.728.9112.816.370.15979614036.77938731851974912.347.95199794
0.113.997.5314.025.450.14946314832.81841 21722118110514.267.8390664
26III-04碳酸盐相0.665.979.093.840.102.4556870.798.6710 08478026.912.2016.6114171.120.15
Fe-Mn氧化物相23.921.8762.984.380.4923111229138.5826 1921899919339.55902.485.84
13.251.4359.044.040.5311810432437.4327 49015607610043.531451.182.72
0.52.891.3355.053.740.616311032532.2930 13313686810145.832440.621.37
0.252.571.3454.783.650.702911838330.8432 0311242629646.294770.300.62
0.12.481.5569.644.480.921915349542.0342 06914337810453.846830.180.36
残渣态215.650.4621.5017.650.17584310.6081.7292.531 4148412141.683.9014.1834851499
113.460.4522.7215.990.17579710.7979.5794.221 6389022232.464.2712.2923601359
0.514.340.4623.6116.410.17569211.5882.0791.171 9709352134.014.8513.3314211173
0.2515.170.4323.9417.410.17561611.2782.8192.242 1699522245.535.4214.3010161036
0.115.280.4324.7116.960.17568311.8181.5795.492 3809852137.965.6214.237141010
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不同实验条件下各相态中元素含量和元素比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品号相态C(HH)/(mol·L−1)Al2O3CaOFe2O3MgOMnOTiSrCoNiCuZnCrPbNdAl/TiTi/PbTi/Nd
33II-12碳酸盐相0.0558.150.050.400.021.1314500.00172260.390.237.522284.950.15
Fe-Mn氧化物相23.886.2750.783.0910.997874048355891 58952167921143260.855.48
13.586.3344.972.8411.485004409076641 52554961822145380.613.45
0.53.326.9545.732.8114.2539647610767091 53757758833142440.482.79
0.253.598.4449.693.1318.5724458913938801 69865964740157780.331.56
残渣态213.791.8818.203.780.06579612513.675843317183121312.59478440
113.822.2819.104.090.07585112416.8273476173105231512.50259398
0.513.491.9920.453.860.08563212117.847153418993501712.68112329
0.2513.402.2121.024.020.11562512020.527552019396842012.6167281
26V-04碳酸盐相0.1957.340.100.640.022.4220450.0013150513.540.477.654195.150.32
Fe-Mn氧化物相26.233.2649.253.993.7417754443932405 32895614672061192.4729.07
16.193.4048.593.474.1910075004492435 68798912571065331.4215.45
0.55.563.1447.002.474.415675134742295 350101010260061520.949.29
0.256.803.7258.342.965.823696406142936 029124411856174980.664.97
0.16.023.8751.312.955.501976415802534 6181136102325641620.613.10
残渣态214.659.1211.145.880.14961314433.717961415718799.758.071056985
115.309.2311.786.220.14969214236.22866661582031710.048.36572966
0.514.718.2812.516.080.14953514233.22867651791874110.888.17235877
0.2514.728.9112.816.370.15979614036.77938731851974912.347.95199794
0.113.997.5314.025.450.14946314832.81841 21722118110514.267.8390664
26III-04碳酸盐相0.665.979.093.840.102.4556870.798.6710 08478026.912.2016.6114171.120.15
Fe-Mn氧化物相23.921.8762.984.380.4923111229138.5826 1921899919339.55902.485.84
13.251.4359.044.040.5311810432437.4327 49015607610043.531451.182.72
0.52.891.3355.053.740.616311032532.2930 13313686810145.832440.621.37
0.252.571.3454.783.650.702911838330.8432 0311242629646.294770.300.62
0.12.481.5569.644.480.921915349542.0342 06914337810453.846830.180.36
残渣态215.650.4621.5017.650.17584310.6081.7292.531 4148412141.683.9014.1834851499
113.460.4522.7215.990.17579710.7979.5794.221 6389022232.464.2712.2923601359
0.514.340.4623.6116.410.17569211.5882.0791.171 9709352134.014.8513.3314211173
0.2515.170.4323.9417.410.17561611.2782.8192.242 1699522245.535.4214.3010161036
0.115.280.4324.7116.960.17568311.8181.5795.492 3809852137.965.6214.237141010
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δCe ratios and δEu ratios of different chemical phase from leaching tests in hydrothermal sediments on the South Atlantic

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C(HH)/(mol·L−133II-1226V-0426III-04
Fe-Mn氧化物相残渣态Fe-Mn氧化物相残渣态Fe-Mn氧化物相残渣态
δCeδEuδCeδEuδCeδEuδCeδEuδCeδEuδCeδEu
22.020.681.121.261.750.731.141.130.861.050.870.50
11.820.641.221.131.640.681.221.090.861.010.840.51
0.52.000.661.401.031.600.711.341.260.870.980.870.58
0.251.980.681.450.881.570.731.281.160.861.020.860.57
0.11.550.741.411.100.881.000.810.67
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不同实验条件下各相态稀土元素δCe和δEu值

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C(HH)/(mol·L−133II-1226V-0426III-04
Fe-Mn氧化物相残渣态Fe-Mn氧化物相残渣态Fe-Mn氧化物相残渣态
δCeδEuδCeδEuδCeδEuδCeδEuδCeδEuδCeδEu
22.020.681.121.261.750.731.141.130.861.050.870.50
11.820.641.221.131.640.681.221.090.861.010.840.51
0.52.000.661.401.031.600.711.341.260.870.980.870.58
0.251.980.681.450.881.570.731.281.160.861.020.860.57
0.11.550.741.411.100.881.000.810.67
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南大西洋热液沉积物的不同相态提取方法与元素赋存状态
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张颖 1, 2, 3 , 杨宝菊 1, 2, 3 , 李传顺 1, 2, 3 , 王小静 1, 2, 3 , 汪虹敏 1, 2, 3 , 刘季花 1, 2, 3, *
海洋学报 | 论文 2021,43(3): 90-104
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海洋学报 | 论文 2021, 43(3): 90-104
南大西洋热液沉积物的不同相态提取方法与元素赋存状态
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张颖1, 2, 3 , 杨宝菊1, 2, 3, 李传顺1, 2, 3, 王小静1, 2, 3, 汪虹敏1, 2, 3, 刘季花1, 2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1自然资源部第一海洋研究所,山东 青岛 266061
  • 2自然资源部海洋地质与成矿作用重点实验室,山东 青岛 266061
  • 3青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室 海洋地质过程与环境功能实验室,山东 青岛 266237
  • 张颖(1986-),女,山西省晋中市人,主要从事海洋沉积物元素与同位素分析研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

刘季花(1965-),女,研究员,主要从事海洋沉积地球化学方面研究。E-mail:
Sequential extraction procedure and element occurrence states of hydrothermal sediments from the South Atlantic Ridge
Ying Zhang1, 2, 3 , Baoju Yang1, 2, 3, Chuanshun Li1, 2, 3, Xiaojing Wang1, 2, 3, Hongmin Wang1, 2, 3, Jihua Liu1, 2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
  • 2Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Metallogeny, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
  • 3Laboratory for Marine Geology and Environment, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
出版时间: 2021-03-25 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2021057
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本文对采自南大西洋受不同程度热液活动影响的表层沉积物样品进行了元素和矿物组成分析,并对热液沉积物的碳酸盐相、Fe-Mn氧化物相和残渣态进行了一系列顺序提取实验。选用不同浓度的盐酸羟胺(HH)和醋酸(HAc)混合溶液对样品的Fe-Mn氧化物相进行提取,通过分析不同实验条件下Fe-Mn氧化物相Ti/Nd、Ti/Pb比值和Fe-Mn氧化物相、残渣态的稀土元素(REE)标准化配分模式及Ce和Eu异常值,确定了不同类型热液沉积物样品Fe-Mn氧化物相提取的理想试剂条件均为0.5 mol/L HH和25% HAc混合溶液。研究结果表明,受热液活动影响程度越高,沉积物中Fe、Cu、Zn等元素含量越高,Ca、Sr、Ba含量呈相反趋势,Mn、Pb和REE未受到热液活动明显影响;随着受热液活动影响增强,Ca、Sr、Nd在Fe-Mn氧化物相中所占比例增加,在残渣态中降低,Mn、Co、Ni和Zn呈相反趋势,Cu在碳酸盐相所占比例增加,在残渣态中降低,Pb赋存状态不受热液活动影响,主要赋存于Fe-Mn氧化物相;REE主要赋存于残渣态,沉积物受热液活动影响越明显,残留相对REE富集能力越强,残渣态REE球粒陨石标准化配分模式表现为LREE相对富集越来越不明显的特征。本文研究为进一步了解南大西洋热液沉积物特征和热液活动对沉积物元素赋存状态影响提供了方法和地球化学数据支持。

南大西洋  /  热液沉积物  /  相态提取  /  元素赋存状态

In this study, elemental and mineral compositions of three surface sediments collected from the South Atlantic Ridge affected by hydrothermal activities of various degrees were analyzed, and series of extraction experiments for carbonate phase, Fe-Mn oxide phase and insoluble residual phase were carried out. Mixed reagent of hydroxylamine hydrochloride (HH) with different concentrations and 25% acetic acid (HAc) were used to extract Fe-Mn oxide phase from the sample. In order to corroborate the reliability of the extracting methods, Ti/Nd and Ti/Pb ratios of the Fe-Mn oxide phase, rare earth elements (REE) patterns as well as δCe and δEu ratios of different chemical phase were used to determine that the ideal reagent conditions for extracting Fe-Mn oxide phase from three different types of hydrothermal sediments were all 0.5 mol/L HH in 25% acetic acid. The results show that the higher the degree of influence of hydrothermal activities, the higher the contents of Fe, Cu, Zn and other elements in the sediments, and the contents of Ca, Sr and Ba show an opposite trend. Manganese, Pb and REE are not significantly affected by hydrothermal activities. As the influence of hydrothermal activity increases, the proportion of Ca, Sr and Nd increases in the Fe-Mn oxide phase and decreases in the residual phase, while Mn, Co, Ni and Zn have an opposite trend, and the proportion of Cu increases in the carbonate phase and decreases in the residual phase. Lead is not affected by the influence strength of hydrothermal activity and mainly occurs in the Fe-Mn oxide phase. REE mainly occur in the residue state. The occurrence state of REE shows that the more significant influence by the hydrothermal activities of the sediments, the more enrichment of REE in the residual phase. And the chondrite-normalized REE patterns of the residual phase exhibit that the enrichment of light REE are less obvious. This study provides methods for extracting hydrothermal fractions and valuable geochemical data for further understanding of the characteristics of hydrothermal sediments and the effects of hydrothermal activities on the occurrence state of elements in the South Atlantic Ridge.

South Atlantic Ridge  /  hydrothermal sediment  /  sequential leaching  /  element occurrence states
张颖, 杨宝菊, 李传顺, 王小静, 汪虹敏, 刘季花. 南大西洋热液沉积物的不同相态提取方法与元素赋存状态. 海洋学报, 2021 , 43 (3) : 90 -104 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2021057
Ying Zhang, Baoju Yang, Chuanshun Li, Xiaojing Wang, Hongmin Wang, Jihua Liu. Sequential extraction procedure and element occurrence states of hydrothermal sediments from the South Atlantic Ridge[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2021 , 43 (3) : 90 -104 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2021057
海底热液沉积物是形成于洋中脊和弧后盆地等海底热液活动区的一种富含Fe、Mn、Cu、Pb、Zn等元素的未固结深海沉积物,由热液流体携带的细小颗粒物、热液烟囱体垮塌碎屑、火山碎屑、生物壳体和陆源物质组成。不同构造环境的热液区为热液沉积物提供了不同物源,导致不同海区热液沉积物组成有差异。近年来,在南大西洋中脊发现了若干热液活动区[1-3],目前对南大西洋中脊热液活动区的构造环境、地质特征[4-5]和成矿作用[6]等有了一定认识,相关的调查发现,南大西洋热液区主要发育在洋脊轴部新生火山脊、非转换不连续带、裂谷壁、内角高地等构造位置,热液成矿的物质主要来源于基性岩洋壳;对该区域热液硫化物[7-9]也进行了一定的研究,揭示硫化物以网脉矿、烟囱体、块状硫化物丘等形式产出,部分块状硫化物富集Cu、Zn、Co等金属,具有潜在经济价值。相比之下,由于针对热液沉积物中不同组分的提取尚未建立统一方法,有关南大西洋热液沉积物元素地球化学组成和元素赋存状态方面的数据资料仍然十分有限,仅有少数关于热液沉积物中常、微量及稀土元素含量及分布的报道[10-11]
将沉积物中不同结合形态元素相分离的顺序萃取方法是研究沉积物源和沉积环境的重要手段[12]。铁锰氧化物结合态是热液源组分在沉积物中的主要赋存形式[13]。研究认为,铁锰氧化物通过对周围水体中元素的清扫作用,可从周围海水获得大量元素,所以沉积物中的自生铁锰氧化物组分记录了同时期周围海水的元素和同位素信息,可用于揭示沉积物来源和运输机制、指示洋流循环等[14-16]。采用顺序提取法对热液沉积物中的铁锰氧化物相进行提取可获得丰富的海底热液信息。目前,学者们在Bayon等[14, 17]沉积物顺序提取实验方法的基础上,对冲绳海槽中部[13]、胡安•德•富卡洋中脊(Juan de Fuca Ridge)[18]和东太平洋海隆[19-20]等区域采集的受热液活动影响沉积物进行了顺序提取分析,来评估热液活动对沉积物的元素地球化学贡献和赋存状态的影响,并根据相关信息来推断海水与热液两个端元的混合过程。张颖等[21]针对不同成因类型海洋沉积物样品进行了相态提取条件实验,结果表明,不同类型样品Fe-Mn氧化物相提取的理想试剂条件是有区别的,热液沉积物受到了海底热液作用影响,与普通深海沉积物的元素赋存状态存在较大差别,所以针对不同类型热液沉积物进行条件实验来建立最佳实验流程很有必要。目前还未有人针对南大西洋热液沉积物开展不同相态提取方法的研究。
本文针对南大西洋受不同程度热液活动影响的沉积物建立了不同相态提取方法,依次对热液沉积物的碳酸盐相、铁锰氧化物相和残渣态进行提取,分析了南大西洋不同类型热液沉积物的元素组成及其在不同相态中的分布特征,评估了热液活动对南大西洋沉积物元素组成及赋存状态的影响。
本文研究所用的3个表层沉积物均采自南大西洋洋中脊热液活动区,分别于2012年大洋26航次、2015年大洋33航次采用电视抓斗获得。其中,样品26III-04位于热液活动区北部,采样点位于洋中脊一处转换断层与洋脊交汇处,附近广泛发育枕状熔岩和玄武岩角砾,硫化物和岩石蚀变明显[4],取样站位距离热液喷口约1.1 km,取样水深3 149 m,样品类型为黏土和烟囱碎屑混合物,颜色呈红褐色,无特殊气味。样品26V-04也位于该热液活动区北部,采样点位于洋中脊中央裂谷的新火山脊上,附近整体地形起伏较大,发育多处陡坎、悬崖,海底覆盖枕状玄武岩,局部可见薄层沉积物[8],并发现多处活动的硫化物烟囱体,硫化物以黄铁矿为主,含少量黄铜矿和闪锌矿[22],取样站位距离热液喷口约0.7 km,取样水深3 032 m,样品类型为黄褐色钙质黏土,钙质生物为有孔虫和翼足类生物碎屑,另外还有少量褐色火山玻璃及黑色微结核。样品33II-12位于该热液活动区南部,采样点附近发育玄武岩、硫化物以及热液沉积物,硫化物蚀变严重,表面覆盖红色铁氧化物,取样站位距离热液喷口约8 km,取样水深2 764 m,样品类型为黄褐色钙质黏土。
采用日本理学的D/max 22500型转靶X射线衍射仪对3个沉积物样品进行X射线粉晶衍射分析(XRD),测试工作在自然资源部海洋地质与成矿作用重点实验室完成。
研究区热液沉积物主要由碳酸盐相、铁锰氧化物相和残渣态组成。各相的提取方法都是建立在Bayon等[14]与Gutjahr等[16]改进方法基础上的,具体分析流程如下:
(1)碳酸盐相:准确称取5份烘干后沉积物样品0.5~1.5 g(根据实际样品情况),置于50 mL聚丙烯离心管中,根据样品碳酸盐含量,分两次加入40~60 g 10%的醋酸(优级纯,美国Sigma-Aldrich西格玛奥德里奇,文中缩写为HAc)溶解,并进行振荡处理约4 h,以3500 rad/min的转速离心分离20 min,将离心后上清液通过硝酸钾纤维滤膜(0.45 μm)进行过滤,过滤后溶液置于聚四氟乙烯杯中,蒸干,定容至50 mL待测。加入约40 g去离子水于残余物中,搅拌后再次离心2~3次;并将离心管干燥称重,残渣用于下一步提取。
(2)铁锰氧化物相:在上步得到的残余物中分别加入25 g不同浓度的盐酸羟胺(NH2OH•HCl,文中缩写为HH)与体积分数为25%醋酸(HAc)的混合溶液,做2个空白样,置于90 ℃的水浴锅中加热3 h,每隔30 min搅拌一次。离心分离,将离心后上清液通过硝酸钾纤维滤膜(0.45 μm)过滤,过滤后溶液置于聚四氟乙烯杯中,蒸干,以2% HNO3定容至10 mL待测。残余物用去离子水洗至中性。
(3)残渣态:将第2步的残渣蒸干后研磨均匀,准确称取50 mg样品于PTFE内胆中,分别加入1.5 mL HNO3和HF,拧紧盖放入不锈钢套内,置于烘箱内190℃加热48 h。冷却后取出PTFE内胆,置于电热板上加热蒸干两次,加入3 mL高纯HNO3(1∶1,V/V)和0.5 mL 1 μg/mL的Rh内标溶液。拧紧盖放入不锈钢套内,置于烘箱内150℃加热12 h。冷却后取出PTFE内胆,转移至100 mL PET瓶内,用2%的HNO3定容,摇匀待测。
本文采用体积分数为25%的HAc分别配置5个不同浓度(2.0 mol/L,1.0 mol/L,0.5 mol/L,0.25 mol/L,0.1 mol/L)的HH溶液对沉积物中的Fe-Mn氧化物相进行提取。实验所用试剂均为优级纯。
采用全谱直读电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-OES,iCAP6300,美国Thermo Fisher 公司)和电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS,X series II,美国Thermo Fisher 公司)分别对全岩样品、除碳酸盐后样品及淋滤出碳酸盐、Fe-Mn氧化物提取液和残渣态样品进行常、微量元素测试。
全岩样品、除碳酸盐后样品、碳酸盐相提取液、铁锰氧化物提取液和残渣态中主量元素及部分微量元素(Ba、Co、Cr、Cu、Sr、Zn和Zr)的浓度采用ICP-OES测试,稀土元素和其他微量元素的浓度采用ICP-MS测定,分析工作均在自然资源部海洋地质与成矿作用重点实验室完成。
使用美国SPEX CertiPrep公司生产的Multi-element solution 1、Multi-element solution 2和Multi-element solution 4三种多元素混合标准溶液逐级稀释的方法配制混合标准系列溶液,介质为2% HNO3。ICP-OES和ICP-MS均采用2% HNO3为空白,以质量浓度为横坐标、峰面积为纵坐标,绘制标准工作曲线。然后对样品溶液及标准监控溶液进行测定。测试的标准监控溶液REE和微量元素测试相对误差为0.1%~7.5%,主量元素为0.5%~5.0%。
样品的X射线衍射结果显示(图1),样品33II-12和26V-04矿物组成基本相似,33II-12主要由方解石和少量岩盐组成,26V-04站位除了方解石、岩盐外,还包含少量斜长石、石英。样品26III-04主要由绿泥石,少量黄铁矿以及针铁矿、磁铁矿和赤铁矿等铁的氧化物、斜长石、岩盐组成。
热液沉积物全岩及非碳酸盐组分的常、微量及稀土元素含量见表1
不同站位全样元素组成显示(图2),样品26III-04的Fe、Cu、Zn等元素含量明显高于样品26V-04和33II-12,样品33II-12和26V-04的Ca、Sr、Ba含量明显较高,其中CaO含量都在40%以上,这与样品XRD结果一致,主要与方解石组成有关。
对于碳酸盐组分含量高的样品,常规全样分析会对其他组分产生稀释作用[23],进而掩盖其所蕴含的地质作用信息,所以为了去除碳酸盐组分的“稀释效应”,进而识别热液活动信号,对样品的非碳酸盐组分进行了分析。样品非碳酸盐组分各元素含量显示,样品33II-12和26V-04均含有高的Fe,含量为23.36%和17.39%,与26III-04中Fe含量(25.2%)无明显差别,此外33II-12和26V-04的Mn、Cu、Pb、Zn含量也较高,分别为1.92%和0.69%、791 µg/g和1805 µg/g、145 µg/g和107 µg/g、233 µg/g和314 µg/g。其中,Mn和Pb的含量高于26III-04中的含量(0.21%,12.91 µg/g),Cu和Zn的含量低于26III-04中的含量(5259 µg/g,944 µg/g)。但33II-12和26V-04中Sr和Ba含量远高于26III-04。非碳酸盐组分分析结果说明,样品26V-04中尽管含有大量的钙质生物,但是也受到了来自热液区热液物质的贡献;样品33II-12附近当时虽暂未发现热液活动,但样品地球化学数据显示该样品金属元素Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd等略高于周围样品,推测有潜在热液活动存在,并且对附近沉积物产生了影响,随后在该区域附近发现了新热液区。
研究认为受热液活动影响海区附近沉积物与非热液区相比,金属元素含量有明显差别。冲绳海槽热液区附近沉积物较非热液区明显富集Fe、Mn、Cu、Pb、Zn、As等元素[24-25]。东太平洋海隆13°N附近喷口沉积物比远端沉积物更富集Fe、Cu和Zn元素[20],南大西洋中脊越靠近热液区沉积物中Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、V、Co元素含量越高[11]。将研究样品全样的元素含量进行对比可以看出,元素Fe、Cu、Zn的含量变化从大到小依次为26III-04、26V-04、33II-12,而Ca、Sr、Ba的含量呈相反的趋势,与Xin等[11]的研究结果基本一致。样品26III-04与26V-04都在热液喷口附近,33II-12较远,但通过肉眼观察和XRD全岩矿物组成看出,样品26V-04和33II-12受热液活动的影响不显著,样品26III-04沉积物中的烟囱碎屑及全岩矿物组成中的硫化物和铁的氧化物组成说明,该样品明显受到了热液活动的物质贡献。结合样品的XRD分析结果及上述元素含量的变化可很好地反映样品受热液活动影响程度从大到小依次为26III-04、26V-04、33II-12。
热液活动未对南大西洋表层沉积物中Mn、Pb和稀土元素含量产生明显影响,这与冲绳海槽中部热液活动对沉积物中Mn、Pb元素有重要贡献明显不同[26]。热液区沉积物26III-04中Fe的含量与冲绳海槽中部取得的热液沉积物中含量(25.3%~29.1%)基本一致[27]
回收率分析可以反映处理流程中元素的丢失、污染以及复杂操作过程代入的误差,是衡量数据质量的重要参数[13]。分别选取碳酸盐含量高的样品26V-04和含量低的样品26III-04,进行不同浓度HH条件下Fe-Mn氧化物相提取的回收率计算(表2),各特征元素的回收率基本在80%~120%之间。说明样品的整个处理流程中各元素基本未发生丢失和污染,实验数据是可靠的。
由于样品26III-04的碳酸盐含量较低(约为5.5%),本文对HAc浓度变化对提取出的该样品碳酸盐相各元素浓度影响进行了研究。分别采用浓度为5%和10%的HAc对样品中碳酸盐相进行提取,图3给出了代表性元素含量随HAc浓度的变化,可以看出,HAc在5%和10%浓度条件下,除Fe外,其他元素含量基本相同,说明HAc浓度对碳酸盐相Fe的提取影响较大,Fe的赋存状态不稳定。碳酸盐相中其他元素在5% HAc浓度条件下已经得到完全提取,HAc浓度升高不会将非碳酸盐组分的元素提取到碳酸盐相中。
表3给出了不同实验条件下提取出的沉积物各相态百分比。样品受热液活动影响程度越高,碳酸盐相所占比例越低,Fe-Mn氧化物相和残渣态所占比例增加,受热液活动影响大的沉积物样品26III-04残渣态占全样的84%以上。HH浓度变化对样品各相态提取率有明显影响,尤其提取出的Fe-Mn氧化物相随着HH浓度升高而增加。
表4可以看出,样品Fe-Mn氧化物相中各元素的提取率基本都随着HH浓度升高而增加。对各样品Fe-Mn氧化物相Nd、Pb影响尤其显著,随着HH浓度增加Nd、Pb的萃取比例明显提高。结合各实验条件下不同相态各元素含量(表5),样品Fe-Mn氧化物相Mn、Sr、Co都随HH浓度升高而降低,Ti都随HH浓度升高而升高,对残渣态中这些元素含量基本无影响;在样品26III-04中,Fe-Mn氧化物相的Cu随HH浓度升高而明显降低,Zn随HH浓度升高而升高,样品33II-12和26V-04的Cu无明显变化,Zn随HH浓度升高而降低;残渣态中Pb和Nd都随HH浓度升高而明显降低,Fe-Mn氧化物相Pb呈增加趋势,Nd变化不明显。HH浓度变化对样品中各相态的Al、Ca、Fe、Mg、Ni和Cr影响不明显。
有研究结果显示,海洋沉积物中的Al、Ti含量通常与岩石碎屑组分含量有关[28-29]。由表4可以看出,Al有部分赋存于碳酸盐相和Fe-Mn氧化物相,但Ti几乎全部赋存于残渣态,与其他学者的研究结果一致[18, 30],因此推断认为沉积物中Ti主要来自碎屑物质,所以沉积物中Ti比Al更适合用做碎屑源区的指标。
Al/Ti比值是过量铝存在的有效指标,Al/Ti比值越大,说明自生铝越富集。3个样品的Al/Ti比值远高于大陆地壳成因中的值(约为16.7)[31],都在30以上,样品26III-04的Al/Ti比值接近50(表1),指示这些样品可能受到一定程度热液作用的影响[27]
表5可以看出,HH浓度对样品Fe-Mn氧化物相中Al/Ti比值影响很大,3个样品Fe-Mn氧化物相中Al/Ti比值随着HH浓度降低而增加,残渣态中比值基本一致。样品Fe-Mn氧化物相中Pb和Nd的含量远高于残渣态,残渣态中Pb和Nd的含量都随HH浓度降低而升高,说明在HH浓度低的条件下有部分Fe-Mn氧化物相中Pb和Nd进入残渣态中,未得到完全提取。残渣态中Ti/Pb、Ti/Nd比值都远高于Fe-Mn氧化物相(为几百到几千倍),Fe-Mn氧化物相和残渣态的Ti/Pb、Ti/Nd比值都随着HH浓度的降低而降低。Ti在Fe-Mn氧化物相中的含量随着HH浓度的降低而降低,说明在HH浓度高的条件下,会有部分残渣态被提取到Fe-Mn氧化物相中,发生过量提取。
由样品不同相态的REE球粒陨石标准化配分模式(图4)可以看出,样品的Fe-Mn氧化物相REE标准化配分模式随HH浓度变化基本呈现出相同趋势,HH浓度变化对残渣态REE配分模式影响较明显。表6给出了不同实验条件下各相态稀土元素δCe和δEu值,随着HH浓度升高,样品33II-12和26V-04 Fe-Mn氧化物相的Ce正异常值增大,残渣态Ce正异常值减小,Fe-Mn氧化物相和残渣态的Ce异常值相差越来越大;两个样品Fe-Mn氧化物相的Eu异常无明显变化,样品33II-12 Fe-Mn氧化物相和残渣态的Eu异常相差越来越大,样品26V-04无明显变化;说明在HH浓度为0.1 mol/L和0.25 mol/L的低浓度条件下,残渣态有Fe-Mn氧化物相的混入,对样品33II-12和26V-04不适用。
随着HH浓度升高,样品26III-04 Fe-Mn氧化物相和残渣态的Ce负异常值基本一致,Eu异常相差越来越大,说明HH浓度对其Ce异常影响很小,根据样品Eu异常判断,在HH浓度为0.1 mol/L的低浓度条件下,样品的Fe-Mn氧化物相未提取完全,残渣态中有Fe-Mn氧化物相混入,不适用于样品Fe-Mn氧化物相的提取。
本研究在计算稀土元素特征值时所采用的计算公式为
$\text{δ}{{Ce}} = \frac{{{{\rm{Ce}}_{\rm{N}}}}}{{{{\rm{Ce}}^*}}} = \frac{{{{\rm{Ce}}_{\rm{N}}}}}{{\left( {\dfrac{{{{\rm{La}}_{\rm{N}}} + {{\rm{Pr}}_{\rm{N}}}}}{2}} \right)}},$
$\text{δ} {\rm{Eu}} = \frac{{{{\rm{Eu}}_{\rm{N}}}}}{{{{\rm{Eu}}^*}}} = \frac{{{{\rm{Eu}}_{\rm{N}}}}}{{\left( {\dfrac{{{{\rm{Sm}}_{\rm{N}}} + {{\rm{Gd}}_{\rm{N}}}}}{2}} \right)}},$
式中,所用角标“N”表示稀土元素标准化,在Ce和Eu无异常时,Ce和Eu的含量为Ce*和Eu*
表4表5分析结果可以看出,样品Fe-Mn氧化物相提取所采用的HH浓度对各相态中多个元素含量有明显影响,为了获得各样品最佳的Fe-Mn氧化物相提取试剂条件,需要结合不同实验条件下得到的Fe-Mn氧化物相和残渣态的元素比和REE配分模式来确定。
样品在HH浓度为2 mol/L和1 mol/L条件下Ti含量和Ti/Nd、Ti/Pb比值远高于其他含量下的(表5),说明HH浓度在2 mol/L和1 mol/L条件下浓度过高,Fe-Mn氧化物相发生过量提取,有残渣态混入。结合各样品Fe-Mn氧化物相中的Ti含量和Ti/Nd、Ti/Pb比值,以及REE标准化配分模式和Fe-Mn氧化物相、残渣态的Ce和Eu异常值分析,各样品在HH浓度为0.5 mol/L条件下进行Fe-Mn氧化物相提取能够有效将Fe-Mn氧化物相与残渣态分离。
在HH浓度为0.5 mol/L条件下各样品的Fe-Mn氧化物相能准确提取,分析结果可反映不同类型热液沉积物中各元素的赋存状态。从图5可以看出,受热液活动影响较小的样品33II-12和26V-04各元素的赋存状态基本相同,受热液活动影响明显的26III-04与其他两个样品差别较大。样品随着受热液活动影响增强,Ca、Sr、Nd在Fe-Mn氧化物相所占比例增加,残渣态降低;Mn、Co、Ni和Zn在Fe-Mn氧化物相所占比例降低,残渣态明显增加;Cu在碳酸盐相所占比例增加,残渣态降低。
受热液活动影响小的沉积物中,Ca、Sr主要赋存于碳酸盐相,所占比例都在95%以上,这是因为Sr的离子半径与Ca相似,易于类质同象替换Ca,受热液活动影响大的26III-04中缺乏碳酸盐,因而Sr含量也低[20]。3个样品Pb主要赋存于Fe-Mn氧化物相,所占比例超过65%,说明铁锰氧化物对Pb有很强的吸附清除作用[18]。Fe主要赋存于残渣态,这是因为盐酸羟胺与醋酸混合溶液对结晶良好的黄铁矿溶解效果不好[19-20],样品26III-04的XRD结果显示含有黄铁矿,所以Fe在残渣态比例明显高于Fe-Mn氧化物相,超过80%。Cu在残渣态中所占比例发生明显变化,随着受热液活动影响增强,残渣态所占比例明显降低,与冲绳海槽中部受热液活动影响沉积物特征一致[24],也进一步说明,热液活动对沉积物中Cu赋存状态有明显影响。Zn在26III-04的赋存状态与其他两个样品明显不同,主要赋存于残渣态(84%),可能是由于热液柱中的Zn会与Fe结合到硫化物矿物中[19],具体原因还有待进一步研究。Nd在受热液活动影响小的沉积物33II-12和26V-04中主要存在于碳酸盐相,分别为73%和60%,可能是由于生物成因碳酸盐矿物对稀土元素的吸附作用,26III-04的Nd在碳酸盐相中仅占10%,在Fe-Mn氧化物相和残渣态中基本相同。
受热液活动影响小的沉积物样品33II-12和26V-04中,REE在各相态中分布特征基本一致,主要赋存于碳酸盐相(约分别为68%和48%),33II-12中REE在Fe-Mn氧化物相和残渣态所占比例差别不大,与普通深海沉积物样品赋存状态相同[19]。26V-04中,残渣态含量次之(约30%),Fe-Mn氧化物相最少。受热液活动影响大的26III-04与受热液活动影响小的沉积物明显不同,REE主要赋存于残渣态中(约62%),Fe-Mn氧化物相次之(约30%),碳酸盐相含量最少(约7%),与受热液活动影响的东太平洋海隆样品呈现出相同的赋存模式[19],说明沉积物受热液活动影响越明显,残留相对REE富集作用越强。
3个样品碳酸盐相的REE球粒陨石标准化配分模式(图4),均表现为明显的Ce负异常,受热液活动影响小的沉积物表现为弱的Eu负异常,与海水的REE球粒陨石标准化模式相似[33]。样品33II-12和26V-04 Fe-Mn氧化物相与碳酸盐相不同,具有明显的Ce正异常,其REE特征与海洋自生作用形成的铁锰结壳相似[34-35],水成型铁锰结壳中的REE来自海水,因为海水中的铁锰氧化物对Ce有氧化清除作用,Ce容易以CeO2的形式与铁锰氧化物共沉淀[36-37],因此富含铁锰的沉积物一般表现出Ce正异常,说明沉积物中的Fe-Mn氧化物相组成可能受到了水成型铁锰结壳的影响[38]。根据样品26V-04的REE配分模式也可推断,观察到的黑色碎屑为铁锰微结核。样品26III-04的Fe-Mn氧化物相表现为弱的Ce负异常,无Eu异常,研究认为,热液来源的铁锰氧化物总是显示Ce负异常或无异常[36, 39]
受热液活动影响小的沉积物残渣态REE球粒陨石标准化配分模式基本表现为Ce正异常和弱的Eu负异常,与之相反,受热液活动影响大的样品26III-04残渣态则表现出弱Ce负异常和明显的Eu负异常。样品随着受热液作用影响的增强,残渣态表现为LREE相对富集越来越不明显的特征。Klinkhammer等[40]的研究认为,玄武岩中的斜长石在高温蚀变作用过程中通过离子交换,使热液流体REE出现明显的Eu负异常,热液沉积物26III-04的REE球粒陨石配分模式还表明,在热液沉积物形成过程中,除Eu外,其他稀土元素均未发生明显分馏[33]。热液沉积物样品26III-04与大西洋中脊块状硫化物和黑烟囱流体的REE球粒陨石标准化分布模式完全不同[6, 33, 41],这些样品均表现为Eu的正异常,也进一步说明残渣态中缺乏硫化物或者硫化物占极少量,与样品的XRD分析结果一致。
图4g给出了3个样品全岩的REE球粒陨石标准化配分模式均表现为Ce负异常和弱的Eu负异常,随着受热液活动影响的增强,表现为LREE相对富集越来越不明显的特征,与残渣态基本一致。
表5各相态元素含量可以看出,受热液活动影响小的样品33II-12和26V-04中,过渡元素Co、Ni、Cu、Zn在Fe-Mn氧化物相中含量远高于残渣态,有的在10倍以上。各样品Fe-Mn氧化物相中Al/Ti比值高于残渣态,尤其在受热液影响明显的沉积物26III-04中,与东北太平洋取得的沉积物样品得到的值基本一致(约206 g/g)[18],Al在Fe-Mn氧化物相中含量很高,反映出Fe-Mn氧化物组分中Al的显著富集。有研究表明,铁锰氧化物通过表面络合作用吸附水体中溶解的Al,所以可能导致Fe-Mn氧化物相中Al的存在[42-43]
(1)对南大西洋不同类型热液沉积物的碳酸盐相、Fe-Mn氧化物相和残渣态进行了一系列顺序提取实验,结果表明,热液沉积物中Fe-Mn氧化物相提取的理想试剂条件为0.5 mol/L盐酸羟胺和25%醋酸的混合溶液。
(2)南大西洋不同类型热液沉积物各元素分布特征显示,受热液活动影响程度越高,沉积物中Fe、Cu、Zn等元素含量越高,Ca、Sr、Ba含量呈相反的趋势,Mn、Pb和稀土元素含量未受到热液活动明显影响。
(3)热液沉积物样品不同相态提取实验结果显示,随着受热液活动影响增强,Ca、Sr、Nd在Fe-Mn氧化物相所占比例增加,残渣态降低;Mn、Co、Ni和Zn在Fe-Mn氧化物相所占比例降低,残渣态明显增加;Cu在碳酸盐相所占比例增加,残渣态降低。Pb赋存状态不受热液活动影响,主要赋存于Fe-Mn氧化物相;受热液活动影响越明显的沉积物,残留相对稀土元素的富集能力越强,REE主要赋存于残渣态。
(4)不同类型热液沉积物Fe-Mn氧化物相与残渣态REE球粒陨石标准化配分模式显示,受热液活动影响较小的沉积物样品33II-12和26V-04 Fe-Mn氧化物相具有明显的Ce正异常和弱的Eu负异常,受热液活动影响大的沉积物26III-04的Fe-Mn氧化物相表现为弱的Ce负异常和无Eu异常。受热液活动影响较小的沉积物残渣态基本表现为Ce正异常和弱的Eu负异常,与之相反,受热液活动影响大的沉积物残渣态则表现出弱Ce负异常和明显的Eu负异常。样品随着受热液作用影响增强,残渣态表现为LREE相对富集越来越不明显的特征。说明海底热液活动对沉积物中元素赋存状态有很明显影响。 
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(40976038);国际海域资源调查与开发“十三五”规划项目(DY135-S2-2-03,DY135-S2-2-01);青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室海洋地质过程与环境功能实验室开放基金资助项目(MGQNLM-KF201815);国家重点基础研究发展计划(2013CB429704)
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2021年第43卷第3期
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doi: 10.12284/hyxb2021057
  • 接收时间:2020-02-14
  • 首发时间:2026-02-26
  • 出版时间:2021-03-25
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  • 收稿日期:2020-02-14
  • 修回日期:2020-06-28
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(40976038);国际海域资源调查与开发“十三五”规划项目(DY135-S2-2-03,DY135-S2-2-01);青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室海洋地质过程与环境功能实验室开放基金资助项目(MGQNLM-KF201815);国家重点基础研究发展计划(2013CB429704)
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    1自然资源部第一海洋研究所,山东 青岛 266061
    2自然资源部海洋地质与成矿作用重点实验室,山东 青岛 266061
    3青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室 海洋地质过程与环境功能实验室,山东 青岛 266237

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刘季花(1965-),女,研究员,主要从事海洋沉积地球化学方面研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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