Article(id=1233732364472480758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1233732360236225173, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12284/hyxb2021010, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1587571200000, receivedDateStr=2020-04-23, revisedDate=1596988800000, revisedDateStr=2020-08-10, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1772074317328, onlineDateStr=2026-02-26, pubDate=1614182400000, pubDateStr=2021-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1772074317328, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1772074317328, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772074317328, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1233732360236225173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2021', volume='43', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='140', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1772074316317, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772074316317, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null}, startPage=88, endPage=97, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1233732364979991550, articleId=1233732364472480758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=Biodiversity and functional enzymes of actinomycetes isolated from mangrove soil in the Maowei Sea, Guangxi, columnId=1194652705852465724, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The purpose of this study was to investigate the diversity of actinomycetes collected from the Maowei Sea Natural Reserve of Mangrove in Guangxi, and screen the functional enzymes activities from these actinomycetes. Actinobacterial diversity of Mangrove soil was studied by culturable method and phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. Ten enzyme active substrates were selected as indicator reaction. Activity for functional enzymes was tested by inoculating single colony method. Total of 444 strains of culturable actinomycetes were obtained from mangrove soil environment, they were classified into 63 species, 24 genera, 13 families and 6 orders by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The three strains of them was potential new species. Streptomyces sp. was the dominant genus. Among them, 56 strains were screened with at least one or more enzymes activity. The total positive rate was 88.89%. And two enzymes activity at least could be screened from the 31 strains. And the dominant strains capable of enzyme-producing were of Streptomyces sp., Microbacterium sp. and Curtobacterium sp. Our results showed that in the Maowei Sea Natural Reserve of Mangrove soil, there existed a higher diversity of culturable actinomycetes, and there are large numbers of unknown actionobacterial groups here. These actinomycetes have the abilities to produce excellent functional enzymes.

, correspAuthors=Xinli Pan, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2021 Pratacultural Science. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Fei Li, Zhe Li, Wenjin Hu, Shushi Huang, Jingjing Liu, Yuanlin Huang, Qiaozhen Wang, Xinli Pan), CN=ArticleExt(id=1233732367714676785, articleId=1233732364472480758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=广西茅尾海红树林土壤放线菌多样性及功能酶活性研究, columnId=1149698756456657529, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

研究广西茅尾海红树林自然保护区内红树林土壤中可培养放线菌的多样性,挖掘具有高产多种功能酶活性的放线菌类群。应用可培养技术和基于16S rRNA基因序列的系统发育分析研究红树林土壤中可培养放线菌的多样性;并以10种酶活底物为指示物,结合点植法和透明圈法对可培养的放线菌进行功能酶活性筛选。结果显示,从红树林土壤中共分离到444株放线菌,隶属于6目13科24属63种,其中3株放线菌为潜在新种。从63株不同种的放线菌中筛选出56株放线菌在至少1种功能酶活性检测中显示阳性,总阳性率为88.89%;其中具有2种以上功能酶活性的放线菌31株,链霉菌属、微杆菌属和短小杆菌属的产酶菌株最为丰富。综上所述,广西茅尾海红树林自然保护区内红树林土壤中可培养放线菌的种类丰富多样,潜藏着放线菌新资源,且功能酶活性显著,具有较大的挖掘潜力。

, correspAuthors=潘信利, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
潘信利。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《海洋学报》编辑部 2021, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=kVuiIZQuQn1T1T73j9JHKQ==, magXml=zcDWnWw2j5z+RtOqz4vGUA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=Y3g1R9USVKUupLgQhRQotQ==, pdfFileSize=6856699, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=HaCgsaVoEvKj8HPPQdRERg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=NiC+67/GumG2J2hf1MVE5w==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

李菲(1988-),女,广西省南宁市人,主要从事海洋微生物资源开发与利用研究。E-mail:

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李菲(1988-),女,广西省南宁市人,主要从事海洋微生物资源开发与利用研究。E-mail:

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李菲(1988-),女,广西省南宁市人,主要从事海洋微生物资源开发与利用研究。E-mail:

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Recipe of media for actinomycetes isolation

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培养基主要成分其他成分
AGG可溶性淀粉10.0 g,葡萄糖1.0 g,甘油10 mL复合盐母液10 mL琼脂14.0 g,去离子水1 000 mL,pH7.2~7.4
M7酵母提取粉5.0 g,L-天冬酰胺1.0 g,甘油10 mL复合盐母液10 mL琼脂14.0 g,去离子水1 000 mL,pH7.2~7.4
P7L-酪氨酸0.5 g,L-天门冬酰胺1.0 g,甘油10 mL复合盐母液10 mL琼脂14.0 g,去离子水1 000 mL,pH7.2~7.4
M10可溶性淀粉1.0 g,水解酪素0.5 g复合盐母液10 mL琼脂14.0 g,去离子水1 000 mL,pH7.2~7.4
M4L-天门冬酰胺1.0 g,海藻糖5.0 g,甘油6 mL复合盐母液10 mL琼脂14.0 g,去离子水1 000 mL,pH7.2~7.4
M5海藻糖5.0 g,脯氨酸1.0 g,土壤浸出液20 mL复合盐母液10 mL琼脂14.0 g,去离子水1 000 mL,pH7.2~7.4
M9精氨酸1.0 g,甘油6 mL复合盐母液10 mL琼脂14.0 g,去离子水1 000 mL,pH7.2~7.4
P3燕麦粉20.0 g复合盐母液10 mL琼脂14.0 g,去离子水1 000 mL,pH7.2~7.4
), ArticleFig(id=1233800606176048043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233732364472480758, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

分离培养基配方

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培养基主要成分其他成分
AGG可溶性淀粉10.0 g,葡萄糖1.0 g,甘油10 mL复合盐母液10 mL琼脂14.0 g,去离子水1 000 mL,pH7.2~7.4
M7酵母提取粉5.0 g,L-天冬酰胺1.0 g,甘油10 mL复合盐母液10 mL琼脂14.0 g,去离子水1 000 mL,pH7.2~7.4
P7L-酪氨酸0.5 g,L-天门冬酰胺1.0 g,甘油10 mL复合盐母液10 mL琼脂14.0 g,去离子水1 000 mL,pH7.2~7.4
M10可溶性淀粉1.0 g,水解酪素0.5 g复合盐母液10 mL琼脂14.0 g,去离子水1 000 mL,pH7.2~7.4
M4L-天门冬酰胺1.0 g,海藻糖5.0 g,甘油6 mL复合盐母液10 mL琼脂14.0 g,去离子水1 000 mL,pH7.2~7.4
M5海藻糖5.0 g,脯氨酸1.0 g,土壤浸出液20 mL复合盐母液10 mL琼脂14.0 g,去离子水1 000 mL,pH7.2~7.4
M9精氨酸1.0 g,甘油6 mL复合盐母液10 mL琼脂14.0 g,去离子水1 000 mL,pH7.2~7.4
P3燕麦粉20.0 g复合盐母液10 mL琼脂14.0 g,去离子水1 000 mL,pH7.2~7.4
), ArticleFig(id=1233800606285099947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233732364472480758, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Distribution of actinomycetes from mangrove soil

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
株数种数
动饱菌目动孢菌科动球菌属Kineococcus71
四折叠球菌属Quadrisphaera11
微球菌目间孢囊菌科两面神菌属Janibacter21
皮杆菌科短状杆菌属Brachybacterium192
短杆菌科短杆菌属Brevibacterium31
原小单孢菌科纤维微菌属Cellulosimicrobium51
纤维单孢菌科去甲基醌菌属Demequina141
微杆菌科短小杆菌属Curtobacterium1675
壤霉菌属Agromyces201
微杆菌属Microbacterium378
微球菌科考克氏菌属Kocuria11
微球菌属Micrococcus181
节杆菌属Paenarthrobacter11
假节杆菌属Pseudarthrobacter41
小单孢菌目小单孢菌科科氏游动菌属Couchioplanes11
小单孢菌属Micromonospora93
植物产孢放线菌属Plantactinospora11
分枝杆菌目诺卡氏菌科戈登氏菌属Gordonia255
红球菌属Rhodococcus212
分枝杆菌科分枝杆菌属Mycobacterium62
Mycolicibacterium246
丙酸杆菌目类诺卡氏菌科大理石雕菌属Marmoricola41
类诺卡氏菌属Nocardioides362
链霉菌目链霉菌科链霉菌属Streptomyces1814
), ArticleFig(id=1233800606389957553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233732364472480758, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

红树林土壤放线菌的分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
株数种数
动饱菌目动孢菌科动球菌属Kineococcus71
四折叠球菌属Quadrisphaera11
微球菌目间孢囊菌科两面神菌属Janibacter21
皮杆菌科短状杆菌属Brachybacterium192
短杆菌科短杆菌属Brevibacterium31
原小单孢菌科纤维微菌属Cellulosimicrobium51
纤维单孢菌科去甲基醌菌属Demequina141
微杆菌科短小杆菌属Curtobacterium1675
壤霉菌属Agromyces201
微杆菌属Microbacterium378
微球菌科考克氏菌属Kocuria11
微球菌属Micrococcus181
节杆菌属Paenarthrobacter11
假节杆菌属Pseudarthrobacter41
小单孢菌目小单孢菌科科氏游动菌属Couchioplanes11
小单孢菌属Micromonospora93
植物产孢放线菌属Plantactinospora11
分枝杆菌目诺卡氏菌科戈登氏菌属Gordonia255
红球菌属Rhodococcus212
分枝杆菌科分枝杆菌属Mycobacterium62
Mycolicibacterium246
丙酸杆菌目类诺卡氏菌科大理石雕菌属Marmoricola41
类诺卡氏菌属Nocardioides362
链霉菌目链霉菌科链霉菌属Streptomyces1814
), ArticleFig(id=1233800606524175284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233732364472480758, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Bacterial diversity isolated from different media

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细菌多样性培养基
AGGM10M4M5M7M9P3P7
菌株数34735310827247253
菌种数51613111052414
菌属数51298841612
Shannon-Wiener指数1.2132.2022.0681.6932.2621.4572.7762.107
Simpon指数0.6470.8490.8170.7690.8320.7330.9100.804
Pielou指数0.3440.5130.5210.3620.6860.4590.6490.531
), ArticleFig(id=1233800606654198713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233732364472480758, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同培养基分离到的细菌多样性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
细菌多样性培养基
AGGM10M4M5M7M9P3P7
菌株数34735310827247253
菌种数51613111052414
菌属数51298841612
Shannon-Wiener指数1.2132.2022.0681.6932.2621.4572.7762.107
Simpon指数0.6470.8490.8170.7690.8320.7330.9100.804
Pielou指数0.3440.5130.5210.3620.6860.4590.6490.531
), ArticleFig(id=1233800606738084798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233732364472480758, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Enzyme-producing activities of 56 actinomycetes

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放线菌类群产酶菌数
脲酶酯酶过氧化氢酶纤维素酶蛋白酶氧化酶淀粉酶几丁质酶褐藻胶裂解酶酶活菌株数
吐温20吐温802种酯酶
Agromyces111
Brachybacterium22
Brevibacterium111
Cellulosimicrobium1111
Couchioplanes11
Curtobacterium14144352115
Demequina11111111
Gordonia133
Janibacter11111
Kineococcus11
Kocuria11
Marmoricola111111
Microbacterium3234221115
Micrococcus11
Micromonospora2213
Mycobacterium11212
Mycolicibacterium11416
Nocardioides1112
Paenarthrobacter1111
Plantactinospora11111111
Pseudarthrobacter11
Quadrisphaera11
Rhodococcus122
Streptomyces3569651012113
), ArticleFig(id=1233800606842942399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233732364472480758, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

56株放线菌的功能酶活性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
放线菌类群产酶菌数
脲酶酯酶过氧化氢酶纤维素酶蛋白酶氧化酶淀粉酶几丁质酶褐藻胶裂解酶酶活菌株数
吐温20吐温802种酯酶
Agromyces111
Brachybacterium22
Brevibacterium111
Cellulosimicrobium1111
Couchioplanes11
Curtobacterium14144352115
Demequina11111111
Gordonia133
Janibacter11111
Kineococcus11
Kocuria11
Marmoricola111111
Microbacterium3234221115
Micrococcus11
Micromonospora2213
Mycobacterium11212
Mycolicibacterium11416
Nocardioides1112
Paenarthrobacter1111
Plantactinospora11111111
Pseudarthrobacter11
Quadrisphaera11
Rhodococcus122
Streptomyces3569651012113
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广西茅尾海红树林土壤放线菌多样性及功能酶活性研究
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李菲 1 , 李喆 2 , 胡文进 3 , 黄庶识 2 , 刘泾泾 4 , 黄媛林 2 , 王巧贞 2 , 潘信利 2, *
海洋学报 | 论文 2021,43(2): 88-97
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海洋学报 | 论文 2021, 43(2): 88-97
广西茅尾海红树林土壤放线菌多样性及功能酶活性研究
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李菲1 , 李喆2, 胡文进3, 黄庶识2, 刘泾泾4, 黄媛林2, 王巧贞2, 潘信利2, *
作者信息
  • 1广西科学院 广西近海海洋环境科学重点实验室,广西 南宁 530007
  • 2广西科学院 广西海洋天然产物与组合生物合成化学重点实验室,广西 南宁 530007
  • 3广西科学院 国家非粮生物质能源工程技术研究中心/非粮生物质酶解国家重点实验室/广西生物炼制重点实验室/广西生物质工程技术研究中心,广西 南宁 530007
  • 4北京理工大学 材料学院,北京 100081
  • 李菲(1988-),女,广西省南宁市人,主要从事海洋微生物资源开发与利用研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

潘信利。E-mail:
Biodiversity and functional enzymes of actinomycetes isolated from mangrove soil in the Maowei Sea, Guangxi
Fei Li1 , Zhe Li2, Wenjin Hu3, Shushi Huang2, Jingjing Liu4, Yuanlin Huang2, Qiaozhen Wang2, Xinli Pan2, *
Affiliations
  • 1Guangxi Key Laboratory of Maine Environmental Science, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
  • 2Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynethesis Chemistry, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
  • 3National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery/State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-refinery/Guangxi Biomass Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
  • 4School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
出版时间: 2021-02-25 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2021010
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研究广西茅尾海红树林自然保护区内红树林土壤中可培养放线菌的多样性,挖掘具有高产多种功能酶活性的放线菌类群。应用可培养技术和基于16S rRNA基因序列的系统发育分析研究红树林土壤中可培养放线菌的多样性;并以10种酶活底物为指示物,结合点植法和透明圈法对可培养的放线菌进行功能酶活性筛选。结果显示,从红树林土壤中共分离到444株放线菌,隶属于6目13科24属63种,其中3株放线菌为潜在新种。从63株不同种的放线菌中筛选出56株放线菌在至少1种功能酶活性检测中显示阳性,总阳性率为88.89%;其中具有2种以上功能酶活性的放线菌31株,链霉菌属、微杆菌属和短小杆菌属的产酶菌株最为丰富。综上所述,广西茅尾海红树林自然保护区内红树林土壤中可培养放线菌的种类丰富多样,潜藏着放线菌新资源,且功能酶活性显著,具有较大的挖掘潜力。

广西;茅尾海红树林  /  土壤  /  放线菌  /  功能酶

The purpose of this study was to investigate the diversity of actinomycetes collected from the Maowei Sea Natural Reserve of Mangrove in Guangxi, and screen the functional enzymes activities from these actinomycetes. Actinobacterial diversity of Mangrove soil was studied by culturable method and phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. Ten enzyme active substrates were selected as indicator reaction. Activity for functional enzymes was tested by inoculating single colony method. Total of 444 strains of culturable actinomycetes were obtained from mangrove soil environment, they were classified into 63 species, 24 genera, 13 families and 6 orders by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The three strains of them was potential new species. Streptomyces sp. was the dominant genus. Among them, 56 strains were screened with at least one or more enzymes activity. The total positive rate was 88.89%. And two enzymes activity at least could be screened from the 31 strains. And the dominant strains capable of enzyme-producing were of Streptomyces sp., Microbacterium sp. and Curtobacterium sp. Our results showed that in the Maowei Sea Natural Reserve of Mangrove soil, there existed a higher diversity of culturable actinomycetes, and there are large numbers of unknown actionobacterial groups here. These actinomycetes have the abilities to produce excellent functional enzymes.

Guangxi; mangrove in the Maowei Sea  /  soil  /  actinomycetes  /  functional enzymes
李菲, 李喆, 胡文进, 黄庶识, 刘泾泾, 黄媛林, 王巧贞, 潘信利. 广西茅尾海红树林土壤放线菌多样性及功能酶活性研究. 海洋学报, 2021 , 43 (2) : 88 -97 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2021010
Fei Li, Zhe Li, Wenjin Hu, Shushi Huang, Jingjing Liu, Yuanlin Huang, Qiaozhen Wang, Xinli Pan. Biodiversity and functional enzymes of actinomycetes isolated from mangrove soil in the Maowei Sea, Guangxi[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2021 , 43 (2) : 88 -97 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2021010
工业生物催化是以酶应用为核心,其具有位点和立体专一性的优势,通过基因克隆、突变和杂交等手段,用易错PCR方法构建突变库,结合高通量筛选策略来提高酶的活性、稳定性、立体选择性和非水反应性能[1]。鉴于生物催化的显著优势,广大学者和研发人员对各种生物功能酶展开深入研究。如黑曲霉Aspergillus niger 963的植酸酶基因,重组至毕赤酵母中表达,其植酸降解产量较原黑曲霉提高3 000倍以上[2];诺卡氏菌Nocardia sp. YS−2002发酵腈水合酶活力最高达6 000国际单位,并在大肠杆菌和毕赤酵母中获得表达[3]。深海热液口嗜热厌氧古细菌热球菌属Thermococcus sp. HJ21产胞外耐热酸性α-淀粉酶,最适温度高达95℃[4];肇东市日成酶制剂公司黑曲霉酸性β-甘露聚糖酶,其酶活力可达20 000 U/mL,高于目前生产菌株的25倍,在真菌基因工程菌中处于领先地位[5]。然而,随着功能酶制品行业的迅速发展,进而显露出不少弊端,主要体现在以下3个方面[1]:(1)酶的种类单一,由多种原酶组成的多功能复合酶制剂发展滞后,难以满足市场的需要;(2)酶活力低,产品的提取工艺和设备水平相对落后,导致一些产品的性价比低,缺乏市场竞争力;(3)酶制剂生产过程中产生的“三废”会造成环境污染问题。因此,寻找高产多种功能酶的菌种资源成为解决这一瓶颈的重要方法,并能有效地推动我国酶制剂工业持续健康发展。
红树林作为独特的潮间带生态系统,对保护热带和亚热带的海岸线至关重要[6]。红树林系统常年受到海水周期性浸淹、波浪、强风、强流、径流、沉积物、污水及废水等因素的影响,形成了复杂的组成成分,加快了能量和物质循环速度,增强了生产力和有机质的降解活性。然而,微生物作为红树林生态系统中种类丰富、数量庞大的组成部分,在碳固定、碳分解、氮固定和硫代谢等物质和能量循环过程中起着关键作用[7]。此外,红树林微生物长期生活在高温、高盐、强风、缺氧和强紫外线等劣势环境中,其遗传物质随之不断适应和进化[8],代谢出结构新颖、种类丰富、活性多样的化合物[9]。研究发现,红树林微生物的代谢产物具有抗菌、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、抗血栓、抗氧化、细胞毒和杀虫等生物活性[10-12],且富含淀粉酶、纤维素酶、葡聚糖酶、几丁质酶和蛋白酶等多种功能酶及抗生素类化合物[13-16]。广西茅尾海红树林自然保护区内为热带过渡海洋性季风气候,海陆交会使物质积累丰富,蕴育着庞大的生物类群。针对这一特殊生境,本研究选取该保护区内的土壤作为研究对象,通过8种分离培养基、分子鉴定和系统发育分析,获得红树林土壤中可培养放线菌的多样性信息。采用点植法和透明圈法,以期获得具有高产多种功能酶活性的菌株,为从海洋环境中寻找新的微生物资源提供理论依据和实践指导。
2018年8月从广西茅尾海红树林自然保护区(21°44′53′′N,108°36′14′′E)中采集了3处土壤样本(每处相距5 m,由近岸红树林往外采集)。样品装于密封袋,4℃低温保藏备用。
1)分离培养基
AGG、M7、P7、M10、M4、M5、M9和P3(表1)。
2)纯化培养基
改良ISP2固体培养基[17]
3)酶活筛选培养基
脲酶筛选培养基:尿素20.0 g,胰蛋白胨1.0 g,葡萄糖1.0 g,NaCl 5.0 g,K2HPO4 2.0 g,酚红0.012 g,琼脂15.0 g,去离子水1 000 mL。酯酶筛选培养基:吐温20 或吐温80 10 mL,胰蛋白胨1.0 g,琼脂15.0 g,去离子水1 000 mL。过氧化氢酶和氧化酶活性筛选培养基以改良ISP2固体培养基为载体。纤维素酶[18]、蛋白酶、淀粉酶[19]、几丁质酶[20]和褐藻胶裂解酶[21]筛选培养基参考了对应文献配制。
将土壤平铺于无菌平皿中,经65 ℃热风干燥30 min。称取2.0 g样品装于20 mL无菌水中摇匀;制成10−2和10−3稀释度的样液,取200 μL梯度稀释的样液接种于8种复合营养培养基中,28℃培养数天,及时观察菌株的生长情况,挑取肉眼可见菌落进行纯化培养,记录其形态特征和菌落数,以30%(V/V)甘油−ISP2混合液作为保护剂,将纯化好的菌株制成冻存管于−70℃条件下以保藏。
采用chelex−100树脂[22]快速提取细菌的DNA作为PCR模板,并根据Walsh等[23]的方法对其进行PCR扩增。扩增和测序引物选用27F和1522R,参照李菲等[24]的方法设定PCR反应条件。其中,潜在新菌株的PCR扩增产物条带用试剂盒进行切胶回收,将纯化好的DNA连接到pEASY−T1克隆载体上,转化至Trans−T1感受态细胞中,涂布于含氨苄西林的LB固体培养基(蛋白胨10.0 g,酵母粉5.0 g,氯化钠5.0 g,琼脂14.0 g,去离子水1 L),培养18~24 h,观察菌落情况,挑取阳性克隆子,用PCR法验证克隆的片段大小。扩增产物经1%琼脂糖−TAE凝胶电泳检测合格后,委托北京擎科新业生物技术有限公司进行测序分析。序列经BioEdit Sequence Alignment Editor软件整理后,利用EzBioCloud数据库(https://www.ezbiocloud.net/)进行在线比对[25];以同源性最高菌株的有效序列作为参比对象,构建Neighbor−Joining系统发育树,各分支置信值设为Boostrap 1 000次,对各菌株的系统发育地位进行分析[26]
运用点植法将待测放线菌接种于酶活筛选培养基上,28℃恒温培养1~7 d。用透明圈法初步测定酯酶、蛋白酶、淀粉酶、纤维素酶、几丁质酶和褐藻胶裂解酶活性,观察培养基上菌苔产生透明圈的情况;脲酶活性筛选则是观察培养基变色情况,培养基变桃红色则为阳性,反之则不变色。过氧化氢酶活性筛选是将5%的过氧化氢溶液滴加至每个菌苔,观察菌苔产气泡的情况,若产气泡,则判定菌株具有过氧化氢酶活性。氧化酶活性筛选是将2%N, N-二甲基对苯二胺二盐酸盐溶液滴加至每个菌苔,观察菌苔变色情况,若菌苔在30 s内变成紫红色则判定菌株含有氧化酶活性,反之则无。
广西茅尾海红树林保护区内红树林土壤中共分离到444株放线菌,通过形态、大小和颜色等形态学特征去除部分冗余菌株,得到97株放线菌进一步开展16S rRNA基因测序分析,结果获得63种放线菌,隶属于6目13科24属(图1表2)。链霉菌属为优势类群,即菌种数为14,占所获菌种数的22.22%;其他均属为稀有放线菌,共49种,占所获菌种数的77.78%,其中微杆菌属有8种,占12.70%。
根据放线菌16S rRNA基因序列相似性小于98.65%的菌株属于不同物种的归类原则[27],对红树林土壤中分离到的放线菌进行新颖性分析,3株放线菌的16S rRNA基因序列(约1 500 bp)与其最近缘的典型菌株序列相似性均低于98.5%。其中,菌株Y1190与微杆菌科的有效发表种Agromyces italicus DSM 16388T (ATXF01000012),B2965和 Y1290分别与诺卡氏菌科的有效发表种Gordonia oryzae RS15-1ST(RKMH01000030)和Gordonia sediminis AMA 120T(MH013353)相似性最高,其相似率分别为97.42%、98.02%和98.35%。基于16S rRNA基因序列,3株潜在新种与其所在菌科中邻近菌株构建的Neighbor−Joining、Maximum−Likelihood和Maximum−Parsimony系统进化树,均能与其相似菌株在进化树上聚为一簇。由此推测,菌株Y1190、B2965和Y1290可能分别为微杆菌科和诺卡氏菌科中的潜在新分类单元。需要进一步展开多相分类学鉴定工作,以确定菌株Y1190、B2965和Y1290的分类地位。
采用8种分离培养基,从红树林土壤中共分离到63种放线菌,分离效果见图2表3。结果显示,以菌属数为主,培养基的分离效果从优到次排序为P3、P7=M10、M4、M5=M7、AGG、M9;以菌种数为主,排序为P3、M10、P7、M4、M5、M7、AGG=M9;以菌株数为主,排序为M5、M10、P3、M4=P7、AGG、M7、M9。综合3个数值分析,P3、M10和P7培养基的分离效果显著,分离到的放线菌种类和数量均较为丰富;其中,短杆菌属、纤维微菌属、假节杆菌属和四折叠球菌属类群仅在P3培养基中获得。结合多样性指数分析(表3),P3培养基分离的放线菌多样性最好,其次是P7、M10、M4和M7培养基,M5、M9和AGG培养基的分离效果较差。P3培养基主要以粗燕麦作为能源物质,富含有各种维生素、微量元素和纤维等物质,但水溶性较差,属于寡营养培养基。此外,本研究发现燕麦、甘油和海藻糖可作为分离红树林生境的理想碳源;脯氨酸、天门冬氨酸和水解酪素为理想氮源。
以尿素、吐温20、吐温80、羧甲基纤维素钠、胶体几丁质、可溶性淀粉和脱脂奶粉等原料作为筛选底物,对63株不同种的放线菌进行功能酶活性筛选(图3图4)。结果表明,从所测菌株中筛选到56株放线菌在至少1种功能酶活性检测中显示阳性,总阳性率为88.89%;筛选到具有2种以上酶活性的放线菌为31株,总阳性率为49.21%。表4所示,产脲酶、酯酶、过氧化氢酶、纤维素酶、蛋白酶、氧化酶、淀粉酶、几丁质酶和褐藻胶裂解酶活性的放线菌数分别为12株、25株、36株、17株、24株、2株、4株、5株和5株,阳性率分别为19.05%、39.68%、41.27%、26.98%、38.10%、3.17%、6.35%、7.94%和7.94%。
放线菌是一种最具经济价值和生物技术价值的原核生物,是产生抗生素、酶及其抑制剂等功能活性物质的主要来源。据报道,截至2002年,已知的微生物活性次生代谢产物超过22 000种,其中70%来自放线菌,20%来自真菌,7%由芽孢杆菌产生,1%~2%来源于其他细菌[28]。其中,放线菌因其丰富的生物化学多样性、可大规模培养及易于遗传操作等优点,日益成为生产生物活性化合物和工业酶的重要资源[28]。据报道,来源于海洋的放线菌含有丰富的功能酶,红树林作为海洋特殊的生态系统,其放线菌在功能酶上的研究却寥寥无几[18, 29-31]。本研究选取广西茅尾海红树林自然保护区内的红树林土壤作为研究对象,开展可培养放线菌多样性分析,从中分离到可培养放线菌444株,隶属于6目13科24属63种,分离到放线菌的优势菌群为链霉菌属(22.22%)和微杆菌属(12.70%),与各地红树林土壤中放线菌优势菌群的报道不尽相同,如马来西亚热带红树林土壤中的链霉菌属占59.80%[32];印度洋红树林土壤中的链霉菌属和马杜拉菌属分别占32.37%和15.11%[31];九龙江口红树林放线菌中的小单胞菌属和链霉菌属分别占81.38%和13.20%[33];巴西红树林土壤中放线菌以微杆菌属为主[34];海南海口北港岛红树林土壤放线菌主要以脱醌菌属和微球菌属为主[35];海南三亚红树林底泥中放线菌以小单胞菌属为主[36]。此外,本研究发现,红树林土壤中存在动球菌属、四折叠球菌属、短状杆菌属、假节杆菌属、科氏游动菌属和Mycolicibacterium sp.等放线菌类群,该部分放线菌仅在盐湖、高盐咸水滩和盐场等高盐环境中被发现[37-38]。可见,红树林生境中富含耐盐的放线菌类群。
酶活检测结果显示,这一批红树林土壤放线菌中具有丰富的酶活特性且部分菌株的酶活特性显著。研究发现,红树林土壤中酶活代谢活力最强的类群为链霉菌属,其次是微杆菌属和短小杆菌属,这与大部分的研究报道结果相似[19,34,39]。其中,产酯酶、过氧化氢酶和蛋白酶的放线菌数较高,这可能与红树林土壤富含动植物残体所提供的脂素和蛋白类等营养物质有关。此外,红树林生境中有机质较非红树林区域的丰富[40],致使其生境放线菌具有多种功能酶活性,但本文研究结果显示,具有2种以上酶活功能的放线菌有31株,仅占50%左右,且3种以上酶活功能的菌株数更少了。究其原因可能是:(1)人工配置培养基的底物具有一定筛选作用;(2)红树林土壤受到海水周期性浸淹,海水中动植物残体及红树植物代谢产生丰富有机质,放线菌通过分解这些有机质来生存;(3)红树林放线菌的生境特殊,其需具备多种功能酶特性,以便利用复杂多变的生境中微量的有机质进行生存。后续将用活性追踪对这56株放线菌的功能酶进行分离、检验和分析,进一步确定其具体的作用机制。综上所述,广西茅尾海红树林保护区的放线菌资源丰富,在酶制剂应用方面具有较强的开发潜力,为后续筛选农业应用微生物提供了依据。
  • 国家自然科学基金(31560017);广西海洋天然产物与组合生物合成化学重点实验室运行补助项目(20-065-63);广西科技计划科技基地和人才专项(桂科AD17129019);广西科技计划重点研发项目(桂科AB16380071);广西科学院基本科研业务费资助项目(2018YBJ303,2019YBJ101);广西青年科学基金项目(2018GXNSFBA050021)。
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doi: 10.12284/hyxb2021010
  • 接收时间:2020-04-23
  • 首发时间:2026-02-26
  • 出版时间:2021-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2020-04-23
  • 修回日期:2020-08-10
基金
国家自然科学基金(31560017);广西海洋天然产物与组合生物合成化学重点实验室运行补助项目(20-065-63);广西科技计划科技基地和人才专项(桂科AD17129019);广西科技计划重点研发项目(桂科AB16380071);广西科学院基本科研业务费资助项目(2018YBJ303,2019YBJ101);广西青年科学基金项目(2018GXNSFBA050021)。
作者信息
    1广西科学院 广西近海海洋环境科学重点实验室,广西 南宁 530007
    2广西科学院 广西海洋天然产物与组合生物合成化学重点实验室,广西 南宁 530007
    3广西科学院 国家非粮生物质能源工程技术研究中心/非粮生物质酶解国家重点实验室/广西生物炼制重点实验室/广西生物质工程技术研究中心,广西 南宁 530007
    4北京理工大学 材料学院,北京 100081

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潘信利。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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