Article(id=1233732361163166358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1233732360236225173, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12284/hyxb2021008, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1583683200000, receivedDateStr=2020-03-09, revisedDate=1595088000000, revisedDateStr=2020-07-19, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1772074316539, onlineDateStr=2026-02-26, pubDate=1614182400000, pubDateStr=2021-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1772074316539, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1772074316539, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772074316539, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1233732360236225173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2021', volume='43', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='140', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1772074316317, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772074316317, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null}, startPage=38, endPage=48, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1233732361620345499, articleId=1233732361163166358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=The relationship between the resources of Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis in the open South China Sea and the marine environment, columnId=1194652705852465724, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to study the relationship between the open South China Sea Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis fishing ground and the marine environmental factors, this article is based on the data of fishing net fishing boat production and remote sensing of marine environment from 2013 to 2018 in Beihai, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Redion. The relationship between the spatiotemporal distribution of the fishing ground of Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis and sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface height (SSH) and sea surface chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration were studied. The results showed that in the sea areas of 5°−20°N and 108°−118°E, the three environmental factors of SST, SSH and Chl a concentration had a great influence on the spatial and temporal distribution of the fishing ground of Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis. The suitable values of SST, SSH and Chl a concentration within the fishing Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis ground of oualaniensis were: 25−31℃, 46−80 cm, 0.05−0.27 mg/m3, and the center of gravity of the fishing ground shifts from south to north. In addition, the K-S test was performed on the relationship between CPUE values and marine environmental factors from January to December 2013−2018, and the results showed that there was no significant difference between the CPUE values and marine environmental factors.Therefore, the three environmental indicators SST, SSH and Chl a concentration can effectively characterize the resource density of the Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis and the distribution of the central fishing ground.

, correspAuthors=Qiaer Wu, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2021 Pratacultural Science. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yanbo Zhou, Enge Xie, Qiaer Wu, Fei Feng), CN=ArticleExt(id=1233732364363420359, articleId=1233732361163166358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=南海外海鸢乌贼渔场范围与海洋环境的关系, columnId=1149698756456657529, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为研究南海外海鸢乌贼渔场范围与海洋环境因子之间的联系,本文根据2013−2018年广西壮族自治区北海市灯光罩网渔船在南海外海的鸢乌贼生产数据和海洋环境遥感数据,对鸢乌贼渔场范围的时空分布与海表面温度(SST)、海表面高度(SSH)和海表面叶绿素a (Chl a)浓度的关系进行研究。结果表明:在5°~20°N,108°~118°E海域内,SST、SSH、Chl a 浓度3个环境因子对鸢乌贼渔场范围的时空分布影响较大。其适宜的SST、SSH、Chl a浓度分别为:25~31℃、46~80 cm、0.05~0.27 mg/m3,其渔场重心由南向北转移。此外,通过对2013−2018年1−12月的单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)与海洋环境因子的关系进行K-S检验,结果显示CPUE和海洋环境因子之间没有显著性差异,即SST、SSH、Chl a 浓度3个环境指标可以有效地表征鸢乌贼资源密度和中心渔场分布状况。

, correspAuthors=吴洽儿, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
吴洽儿,研究员,主要从事渔业资源与战略研究。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《海洋学报》编辑部 2021, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=GSRFRdTT7qHow5VE7HQ0hQ==, magXml=i8B8jGt7u9iIQ03QUwjZVA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=LBLIUlkkGU2ogqemWEuyQg==, pdfFileSize=7378351, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=kDmngpcI48xVZ8Wv6qGkew==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=TK0CJRAW43p0OJ2znWzwbQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

周艳波(1983—),男,河南省周口市人,助理研究员,主要从事渔业资源与战略研究。E-mail:

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周艳波(1983—),男,河南省周口市人,助理研究员,主要从事渔业资源与战略研究。E-mail:

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周艳波(1983—),男,河南省周口市人,助理研究员,主要从事渔业资源与战略研究。E-mail:

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journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233732361163166358, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Relationship between the abundance distribution of Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis in the open South China Sea and marine environmental factors from January to December in 2013−2018

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
月份渔场范围CPUE/(kg·d−1)环境因子
SST/ ℃Chl a浓度/(mg·m−3)SSH/cm
15.5°~8.5°N, 109.5°~110.5°E; 14°~16°N, 111°~112.5°E2 594.9225~26.50.16~0.2762~66
29.5°~17.5°N, 111°~115°E3 394.6626~280.1~0.250~70
39.5°~17.5°N, 110.5°~115°E3 237.6825.5~28.50.08~0.1648~72
410°~17.5°N, 111°~115°E3 041.8826.5~300.08~0.1646~76
510°~17.5°N, 110.5°~116°E2 784.5328.5~310.05~0.1250~80
610°~12°N, 111.5°~115°E1 498.2428~310.05~0.166~78
710°~12°N, 111.5°~114°E1 871.7428~290.05~0.1568~74
811.5°~12°N, 114.5°~115°E2 376.1027.5~28.50.15~0.2558~62
910°~15.5°N, 112° E -115.5° E2 633.4128.5~29.50.1~0.254~62
1014.5°~15.5°N, 112°~113°E2 190.4628.5~290.15~0.270~76
1116°~17.5°N, 111°~112.5°E3 283.6427.5~280.13~0.1770~72
126°~6.5°N, 109.5°~110°E; 15°~16°N, 111.5°~113°E2 275.2127~28.50.12~0.1868~72
), ArticleFig(id=1233800601067385617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233732361163166358, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2013−2018年1−12月南海外海鸢乌贼资源丰度分布和海洋环境因子关系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
月份渔场范围CPUE/(kg·d−1)环境因子
SST/ ℃Chl a浓度/(mg·m−3)SSH/cm
15.5°~8.5°N, 109.5°~110.5°E; 14°~16°N, 111°~112.5°E2 594.9225~26.50.16~0.2762~66
29.5°~17.5°N, 111°~115°E3 394.6626~280.1~0.250~70
39.5°~17.5°N, 110.5°~115°E3 237.6825.5~28.50.08~0.1648~72
410°~17.5°N, 111°~115°E3 041.8826.5~300.08~0.1646~76
510°~17.5°N, 110.5°~116°E2 784.5328.5~310.05~0.1250~80
610°~12°N, 111.5°~115°E1 498.2428~310.05~0.166~78
710°~12°N, 111.5°~114°E1 871.7428~290.05~0.1568~74
811.5°~12°N, 114.5°~115°E2 376.1027.5~28.50.15~0.2558~62
910°~15.5°N, 112° E -115.5° E2 633.4128.5~29.50.1~0.254~62
1014.5°~15.5°N, 112°~113°E2 190.4628.5~290.15~0.270~76
1116°~17.5°N, 111°~112.5°E3 283.6427.5~280.13~0.1770~72
126°~6.5°N, 109.5°~110°E; 15°~16°N, 111.5°~113°E2 275.2127~28.50.12~0.1868~72
), ArticleFig(id=1233800601159660308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233732361163166358, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The statistic table of Kolmogorov-Smirnov test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
海洋环境因子月份样本数Dp (n, α/2)结果
SST1100.1460.984成立
2440.1440.320成立
31310.1000.147成立
41060.1410.130成立
5900.0750.688成立
6280.1630.443成立
7120.2210.603成立
870.2030.935成立
9170.1490.844成立
1040.2500.964成立
1160.2610.807成立
1290.2110.818成立
Chl a 浓度1100.1400.989成立
2440.0820.928成立
31310.0660.624成立
41060.0910.340成立
5900.1320.087成立
6280.1410.631成立
7120.3060.210成立
870.1221.000成立
9170.1370.908成立
1040.1701.000成立
1160.2690.777成立
1290.1950.885成立
SSH1100.1500.978成立
2440.1810.113成立
31310.1070.100成立
41060.0970.274成立
5900.0730.724成立
6280.1530.529成立
7120.2100.663成立
870.1900.963成立
9170.2530.226成立
1040.2580.952成立
1160.3060.627成立
1290.2910.430成立
), ArticleFig(id=1233800601256129305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233732361163166358, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

K-S检验统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
海洋环境因子月份样本数Dp (n, α/2)结果
SST1100.1460.984成立
2440.1440.320成立
31310.1000.147成立
41060.1410.130成立
5900.0750.688成立
6280.1630.443成立
7120.2210.603成立
870.2030.935成立
9170.1490.844成立
1040.2500.964成立
1160.2610.807成立
1290.2110.818成立
Chl a 浓度1100.1400.989成立
2440.0820.928成立
31310.0660.624成立
41060.0910.340成立
5900.1320.087成立
6280.1410.631成立
7120.3060.210成立
870.1221.000成立
9170.1370.908成立
1040.1701.000成立
1160.2690.777成立
1290.1950.885成立
SSH1100.1500.978成立
2440.1810.113成立
31310.1070.100成立
41060.0970.274成立
5900.0730.724成立
6280.1530.529成立
7120.2100.663成立
870.1900.963成立
9170.2530.226成立
1040.2580.952成立
1160.3060.627成立
1290.2910.430成立
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南海外海鸢乌贼渔场范围与海洋环境的关系
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周艳波 1, 3 , 谢恩阁 1, 2, 3 , 吴洽儿 1, 2, 3, * , 冯菲 1, 3
海洋学报 | 论文 2021,43(2): 38-48
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海洋学报 | 论文 2021, 43(2): 38-48
南海外海鸢乌贼渔场范围与海洋环境的关系
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周艳波1, 3 , 谢恩阁1, 2, 3, 吴洽儿1, 2, 3, * , 冯菲1, 3
作者信息
  • 1中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所,广东 广州 510300
  • 2上海海洋大学 海洋科学学院,上海 201306
  • 3农业部外海渔业开发重点实验室,广东 广州 510300
  • 周艳波(1983—),男,河南省周口市人,助理研究员,主要从事渔业资源与战略研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

吴洽儿,研究员,主要从事渔业资源与战略研究。E-mail:
The relationship between the resources of Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis in the open South China Sea and the marine environment
Yanbo Zhou1, 3 , Enge Xie1, 2, 3, Qiaer Wu1, 2, 3, * , Fei Feng1, 3
Affiliations
  • 1South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
  • 2College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
  • 3Key Laboratory of Open-Sea Fishery Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510300, China
出版时间: 2021-02-25 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2021008
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为研究南海外海鸢乌贼渔场范围与海洋环境因子之间的联系,本文根据2013−2018年广西壮族自治区北海市灯光罩网渔船在南海外海的鸢乌贼生产数据和海洋环境遥感数据,对鸢乌贼渔场范围的时空分布与海表面温度(SST)、海表面高度(SSH)和海表面叶绿素a (Chl a)浓度的关系进行研究。结果表明:在5°~20°N,108°~118°E海域内,SST、SSH、Chl a 浓度3个环境因子对鸢乌贼渔场范围的时空分布影响较大。其适宜的SST、SSH、Chl a浓度分别为:25~31℃、46~80 cm、0.05~0.27 mg/m3,其渔场重心由南向北转移。此外,通过对2013−2018年1−12月的单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)与海洋环境因子的关系进行K-S检验,结果显示CPUE和海洋环境因子之间没有显著性差异,即SST、SSH、Chl a 浓度3个环境指标可以有效地表征鸢乌贼资源密度和中心渔场分布状况。

南海外海  /  鸢乌贼  /  中心渔场  /  海洋环境因子

In order to study the relationship between the open South China Sea Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis fishing ground and the marine environmental factors, this article is based on the data of fishing net fishing boat production and remote sensing of marine environment from 2013 to 2018 in Beihai, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Redion. The relationship between the spatiotemporal distribution of the fishing ground of Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis and sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface height (SSH) and sea surface chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration were studied. The results showed that in the sea areas of 5°−20°N and 108°−118°E, the three environmental factors of SST, SSH and Chl a concentration had a great influence on the spatial and temporal distribution of the fishing ground of Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis. The suitable values of SST, SSH and Chl a concentration within the fishing Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis ground of oualaniensis were: 25−31℃, 46−80 cm, 0.05−0.27 mg/m3, and the center of gravity of the fishing ground shifts from south to north. In addition, the K-S test was performed on the relationship between CPUE values and marine environmental factors from January to December 2013−2018, and the results showed that there was no significant difference between the CPUE values and marine environmental factors.Therefore, the three environmental indicators SST, SSH and Chl a concentration can effectively characterize the resource density of the Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis and the distribution of the central fishing ground.

the open South China Sea  /  Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis  /  central fishing ground  /  marine environment factor
周艳波, 谢恩阁, 吴洽儿, 冯菲. 南海外海鸢乌贼渔场范围与海洋环境的关系. 海洋学报, 2021 , 43 (2) : 38 -48 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2021008
Yanbo Zhou, Enge Xie, Qiaer Wu, Fei Feng. The relationship between the resources of Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis in the open South China Sea and the marine environment[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2021 , 43 (2) : 38 -48 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2021008
鸢乌贼(Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis)是一种暖水大洋性头足类,广泛分布在南海外海海域,其具有生长周期短、资源储量大等特点[1-3]。据中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所调查评估显示,2014−2017年南海鸢乌贼年可捕量在400万t以上,2018年年可捕捞量超过500万t[4]。目前我国鸢乌贼年捕捞量仅10万t,明显处于未开发状态,开发潜力巨大。因此,科学开发南海外海鸢乌贼资源是确保我国水产高蛋白有效供给、渔民持续稳定增收、我国近海生态安全和渔区社会稳定的有效措施。
由于鸢乌贼的栖息地分布和产量受到海表面温度(Sea Surface Temperature, SST)、海表面高度(Sea Surface Height, SSH)及海表面叶绿素a (Sea Surface Chlorophylla, Chl a)浓度等海洋环境因子影响较大[5],因此,加强栖息地因子对鸢乌贼渔场的影响研究至关重要。范江涛等[1]和余景等[3]利用不同卫星遥感数据对中沙、西沙以及南沙海域鸢乌贼资源量变化和单变量海洋环境因子的关系进行研究分析;招春旭[6]利用贝叶斯概率模型和分类树模型对南海鸢乌贼渔场时空分布进行研究;徐红云[2]和范江涛等[7]利用鸢乌贼渔业数据和海洋环境数据建立基于环境因子的栖息地适应性指数模型,表明了鸢乌贼的资源丰度和海洋环境因子之间的联系。目前,学者大多数采用单个因子证实了鸢乌贼渔场范围与环境因子的相关性,但对鸢乌贼中心渔场的时空分布规律与多个环境因子以及两者之间的表征关系尚缺乏研究。本文利用2013−2018年北海市灯光罩网渔船在南海作业时的北斗船位数据、鸢乌贼生产数据以及海洋环境因子数据(SST、SSH和Chl a浓度),确定鸢乌贼中心渔场位置,建立各月鸢乌贼中心渔场与海洋环境因子的联系,为开展南海外海的鸢乌贼渔场的预测以及预报系统的建立及研究提供参考。
(1)渔业数据来源于广西壮族自治区北海市9艘灯光罩网渔船2013−2018年在南海的鸢乌贼生产数据,其主要信息为船名、船长、主机功率、灯光总功率、作业日期、作业渔区、经度、纬度、作业时长、日产量等。
(2)本文选用的海洋环境数据包括:SST、SSH、Chl a浓度。其中,SST、Chl a浓度数据来自美国NASA网站MODIS Aqua卫星传感器数据(https://oceandata.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/),时间分辨率为月,空间分辨率为4 km;SSH数据来自 CMEMS网站Global Ocean Physical Reanalysis Product数据(http://marine.copernicus.eu),时间分辨率为月,空间分辨率为1°×1°。
单位捕捞努力量渔获量(Catch Per Unit Effort,CPUE)定义为每艘船每天的捕捞产量,第$ i $年、$ l $月、k经度、$ j $纬度对应的平均CPUE值,其表达式如下:
${\rm{CPU}}{{\rm{E}}_{i,\,l,\,k,\,j,\,m}} = \frac{{\displaystyle\sum {{{\rm{Catch}}_{i,\,l,\,k,\,j,\,m}}} }}{{\displaystyle\sum {{E_{i,\,l,\,k,\,j,\,m}}} }},$
式中,$\displaystyle\sum {{\rm{Catch}}}_{i,\,l,\,k,\,j,\,m}$为渔船$ m $$ i $年、$ l $月、$ j $纬度、$ k $经度内的渔获量(单位:kg);$\displaystyle\sum {E}_{i,\,l,\,k,\,j}$为渔船$ m $$ i $年、$ l $月、$ j $纬度、$ k $经度对应的总作业天数[8],其中年平均CPUE为渔船$ m $$ i $年、$ j $纬度、$ k $经度内的渔获量(单位:kg)与渔船$ m $$ i $年、$ j $纬度、$ k $经度对应的总作业天数的比值。
SST计算如下:
$ {{\rm{SST}}}_{i,\,l,\,k,\,j}=\frac{\displaystyle\sum\limits _{x=1}^{n}{{\rm{SST}}}_{x}}{n}, $
式中,${{\rm{SST}}}_{i,\,l,\,k,\,j}$$ i $年、$ l $月、$ j $纬度、$ k $经度渔区内的平均SST;$ {{\rm{SST}}}_{x} $$ i $年、$ l $月、$ j $纬度、$ k $经度中的某个SST数据[9]
Chl a浓度计算如下:
$ {{\rm{Chl}}\;a}_{i,\,l,\,k,\,j}=\frac{\displaystyle\sum\limits _{x=1}^{n}{{\rm{Chl}}\;a}_{x}}{n}, $
式中,${{\rm{Chl}}\;a}_{i,\,l,\,k,\,j}$$ i $年、$ l $月、$ j $纬度、$ k $经度渔区内的平均Chl a浓度;$ {{\rm{Chl}}\;a}_{x} $$ i $年、$ l $月、$ j $纬度、$ k $经度中的某个Chl a浓度。
本研究的渔业数据CPUE值按渔区(0.5°×0.5°)统计,且表征资源丰度指数,但SST、SSH、Chl a浓度环境数据的空间分辨率与渔区范围不一致,因此需要将环境因子数据的空间分辨率进行转化。其中SST和Chl a浓度数据空间分辨率较高,本文采用数理统计方法按月计算每个渔区(0.5°×0.5°)的平均值;SSH数据空间分辨率较低,采用ArcGIS 10.5中Kriging插值法[10]将其空间分辨率由1°×1°转化为0.5°×0.5°(1个渔区),最终使渔业数据和环境数据的空间分辨率保持一致。最后利用 Matlab 软件按相同的时空分辨率将CPUE数据和环境数据进行匹配。
南海鸢乌贼资源丰度具有一定的时空分布特征,本研究利用数理统计方法分析鸢乌贼资源的时空分布变化。通过计算每月鸢乌贼渔场重心,反映渔场重心月时空分布变化情况。渔场重心计算公式为[11-12]
$ X=\sum _{i=1}^{K}({C}_{i}\times {X}_{i})\bigg/\sum _{i=1}^{K}{C}_{i},$
$ Y=\sum _{i=1}^{K}({C}_{i}\times {Y}_{i})\bigg/\sum _{i=1}^{K}{C}_{i},$
式中,$ X $$ Y $分别表示每月南海外海鸢乌贼渔场重心经度和纬度;$ {C}_{i} $$ i $渔区的CPUE值;$ {X}_{i} $$ {Y}_{i} $分别为$ i $渔区的中心的经度和纬度;$ K $为每个月内渔区的总个数。
根据鸢乌贼CPUE和SST、SSH、Chl a浓度3个海洋环境因子数据,通过计算各月CPUE值的大小与SST、SSH、Chl a浓度的分布关系,可以得出鸢乌贼中心渔场形成的最适宜海洋环境因子的范围。并根据K-S(Kolmogorov-Smirnov)进行显著性检验[13-15],公式如下:
$ f\left(t\right)=\frac{1}{n}\sum _{i=1}^{n}I\left({X}_{i}\right), $
$ g\left(t\right)=\frac{1}{n}\sum _{i=1}^{n}\sum _{i=1}^{n}\frac{{y}_{i}}{\stackrel{-}{y}}I\left({X}_{i}\right), $
$ D=\max\left|g\left(t\right)-f\left(t\right)\right|, $
式中,n为样本个数;t为分组环境因子数值(其中SST值以0.5℃为组距,SSH值以1 cm为组距以及Chl a浓度以0.02 mg/m3为组距);$ {X}_{i} $为第$ i $个月各环境因子观察;$ {y}_{i} $为第$ i $个月的CPUE值;$ \bar{y} $为各月的平均CPUE值。
2013−2018年南海鸢乌贼渔场范围具有明显扩大和集中趋势(图1)。2013年鸢乌贼渔场范围相对较小,分布范围集中在12°N以南的南沙海域,总体作业范围相对较小;2013年之后,鸢乌贼渔场范围逐渐扩大,开始向中北部渔场扩散。其中,2014−2016年作业范围较广,涉及整个南海外海海域;2017−2018年作业范围集中在中北部渔场(10°N以北),其作业范围较为集中。不同年份的鸢乌贼资源丰度在不同海域也存在一定的变化,但总体变化较小。鸢乌贼资源丰度总体具有波动增加趋势,2013−2015年CPUE呈增加趋势,2015年达到顶峰,CPUE为2 663 kg/d,之后CPUE呈下降趋势,2017年CPUE值降至最低,为1 859 kg/d,2018年CPUE再次增加,为2 250 kg/d。2013−2018年南部渔场(10°N以南)的CPUE在2015年达到顶峰,之后逐年降低,2018年CPUE数据为空值;中部渔场(10°~15°N)在2013−2018年内CPUE总体趋于稳定;北部渔场(15°N以北)资源最为丰富,除了2013年没有数据之外,其他年份其CPUE值在3个渔场中最高,同样在2015年CPUE达到顶峰。
在1年内,南海外海鸢乌贼渔场月重心位置存在明显的由南向北再向南的变化轨迹(图2)。其中,1月鸢乌贼渔场重心主要分布在南沙海域一带,渔场重心在9.6°N,110.4° E;2−5月份渔场重心开始大幅度向东北方向移动,平均渔场重心在12.4°N,112.8°E;6−8月份渔场重心向南海南部方向转移,位置变化幅度相对较小,平均渔场重心在11.1°N,113.4°E;9−11月份渔场重心除了大幅度向南海北部方向移动之外,渔场重心也开始向陆地方向偏移,渔场重心在16.6°N,112.1°E;12月至翌年1月渔场重心有向南移动趋势,重心位置在12.8°N,111°E。
我国南海鸢乌贼全年均有作业,但各个月份的资源丰度、分布位置存在明显的季节性差异。如表1图3所示,1−12月鸢乌贼渔场的SST、SSH、Chl a浓度总体比较适宜的作业范围为:25~31℃、46~80 cm、0.05~0.27 mg/m3。其中,2−5月,南海鸢乌贼CPUE值最高、作业范围最广,平均CPUE为3 114.69 kg/d,主要分布在9.5°~17.5°N南海外海海域,适宜SST、SSH、Chl a浓度分别为25.5~31℃、46~80 cm、0.05~0.2 mg/m3;6−8月,CPUE明显下降,平均CPUE为1 915.36 kg/d,其作业范围主要在12°N以南南沙海域,适宜SST、SSH、Chl a浓度分别为27.5~31℃、58~78 cm、0.05~0.25 mg/m3;9−11月,CPUE值保持较高水平,平均CPUE为2 702.5 kg/d,其作业范围主要在10°~17.5°N中北部海域,作业渔场逐渐北移,其适宜SST、SSH、Chl a浓度分别为27.5~29.5℃、54~76 cm、0.1~0.2 mg/m3;12月至翌年1月,资源变化变动较小,平均CPUE为2 435.07 kg/d,但作业范围有所扩大,除了在中西沙海域作业之外,部分渔船也在12°N以南南沙海域作业,作业范围有南移趋势,其适宜的SST、SSH、Chl a浓度范围分别为25~28.5℃、62~72 cm、0.12~0.27 mg/m3
通过将2013−2018年1−12月份CPUE值与海洋环境因子的关系进行K-S检验,检验结果如表2所示,p>0.05表明CPUE值和海洋环境因子二者之间没有显著性差异,即在各月海洋环境因子适宜条件下,CPUE值呈现正态分布。因此,本研究中1−12月生产渔区和各环境因子的范围是适宜的,即各月适宜SST、SSH、Chl a浓度范围可以有效地表征鸢乌贼资源密度和渔场分布。
2013年南海鸢乌贼的资源丰度相对较小,其作业范围仅集中在12°N以南南沙海域(图1)。因为2013年以前,南沙渔业生产专项补助促使渔民外出作业,但由于渔情预报技术和捕捞技术的落后,鸢乌贼产量较低;2014年以后,随着国家政策的调整、捕捞技术的进步和部分升级改造渔船陆续下水,2014−2015年南海外海作业渔船逐步增多,作业范围不断扩大,一部分渔船在中沙、西沙及南海外海海域作业,鸢乌贼CPUE增加;2016−2017年,至南海外海作业渔船数量剧增,鸢乌贼CPUE下降;2018年至南海外海作业的渔船数量有所下降,且随着南海渔情海况的发展,渔民开始可以较为准确的掌握一些渔场,因此鸢乌贼CPUE回暖。各月份之间CPUE值具有较大差异,这主要和鸢乌贼生活习性以及灯光罩网渔船作业特点有关。相关研究表明[1, 16-17],鸢乌贼为1年生群体,资源量由大至小依次为春季、夏秋季、冬季,季节性变化较大,渔汛主要集中在2−6月;此外,灯光罩网渔船作业特点为,在海面风速达到7级以上,作业较为危险,秋冬季受季风影响,风速较大,因此,作业时间主要集中在春夏两季,秋冬季较少[6]。综上所述,CPUE时空变化受渔业生产影响大,难以全面反映南海鸢乌贼的资源时空变动,系统性的资源调查有待加强。
鸢乌贼渔场月重心具有由南向北循环移动的规律(图2),这可能与南海的休渔制度、海洋环境及鸢乌贼的生活习性有一定的关系。由于鸢乌贼属于暖水性大洋性头足类,对温度极其敏感[1, 18],因此其洄游路径和海水温度紧密相关。2−5月鸢乌贼主要分布在9.5°~17.5°N(表1),是我国重要的中沙、西沙和南沙渔场,因为南海受春季东南季风和夏季西南季风的影响,产生较强的上升流区域,进而使南海海表面高度变化较大,形成的流场锋面、涡旋携带丰富的营养物质,为鸢乌贼提供充足的饵料,诱使鸢乌贼聚集,形成丰富的渔场[3, 19];6−8月南海鸢乌贼渔场重心变化不大,因为6−8月南海12°N以北渔场为休渔区[2, 6],渔场重心在12°N以南;9−11月渔场重心迅速北移,有以下两个因素造成:(1)南海休渔期结束,北部海域允许作业;(2)受南海外海季风影响,南部海域渔场风浪较大,不适宜灯光罩网渔船作业。
本研究结果显示,SST、SSH、Chl a浓度对鸢乌贼渔场范围影响较大,根据环境因子的适宜范围可以较好地判别鸢乌贼的渔场范围分布。徐红云[2]认为,南海鸢乌贼中心渔场最适宜SST范围在26.4~29.6℃之间;晏磊等[20]研究表明,鸢乌贼的温度适宜性范围随季节不同会有所变化,春季最适SST为25.6~29.6℃,秋季为27.6~30℃;范江涛等[1]研究结果同样认为鸢乌贼的温度适宜性范围随季节变化有所不同;余景等[3]认为,南海鸢乌贼在SST为27~28℃ 时资源量达到最大值。本文研究结果认为,当SST范围在25~31℃之间,鸢乌贼资源较为丰富。研究结果显示,SST适宜范围与以往研究相比范围较广,分析其原因,这可能是由于灯光罩网渔船在不同季节和不同海域作业的差异引起的,我国灯光罩网渔船在南海海域全年均有作业,作业海域涉及南海外海整个渔场,因此其SST分布范围较广。海面高度作为反映海水流向和海流状况的物理量,海水的涌合有利于海水的辐散或者上升,导致使底层丰富的营养物质、饵料等不断向上补充,进而促进中上层鱼类的生长、繁殖[21-22]。南海由于常年受季风气候以及热带气旋影响,产生较强的上升流区域[23],海表面高度变化较大,易形成流场锋面、涡旋,从而携带大量的营养物质,形成渔场。范江涛等[7]对2014年中西沙海域鸢乌贼渔场进行分析,认为最适宜的SSH范围为90~110 cm,本研究结果显示,鸢乌贼SSH适宜性范围在46~80 cm(表1),结果较为接近。主要原因为,虽然其与本研究的中西沙海域较为接近,但生产数据的时间尺度和渔场范围均存在一定的差异。叶绿素a浓度表征海洋生产力,用于表征浮游动植物的生物量[24-26]。余景等[3]认为,中西沙鸢乌贼渔场的Chl a浓度适宜性范围为0.1~0.13 mg/m3;招春旭[6]认为,南海中南部以及南沙海域鸢乌贼的渔场Chl a浓度适宜性范围为0.05~0.10 mg/m3。本研究结果显示,鸢乌贼渔场的Chl a浓度适宜性范围为0.05~0.27 mg/m3表1)。因本研究区域包括了中西沙海域以及南沙海域,所以Chl a浓度适宜性范围相对较大。
通过分析各月份SST、SSH、Chl a浓度的适宜范围,可以有效地表征鸢乌贼资源密度和渔场分布,在未来渔情预报研究中,综合应用SST、SSH、Chl a浓度等海洋环境因子,可提前预估鸢乌贼中心渔场位置,指导渔业生产。
  • 广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2020B1111030001);2019省级促进经济发展专项资金(现代渔业发展用途)项目(粤农2019A3);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费(2019ZY15)。
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2021年第43卷第2期
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doi: 10.12284/hyxb2021008
  • 接收时间:2020-03-09
  • 首发时间:2026-02-26
  • 出版时间:2021-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2020-03-09
  • 修回日期:2020-07-19
基金
广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2020B1111030001);2019省级促进经济发展专项资金(现代渔业发展用途)项目(粤农2019A3);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费(2019ZY15)。
作者信息
    1中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所,广东 广州 510300
    2上海海洋大学 海洋科学学院,上海 201306
    3农业部外海渔业开发重点实验室,广东 广州 510300

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吴洽儿,研究员,主要从事渔业资源与战略研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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