Article(id=1233720127473112039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1233720124591633183, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12284/hyxb2021031, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1564070400000, receivedDateStr=2019-07-26, revisedDate=1569254400000, revisedDateStr=2019-09-24, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1772071399800, onlineDateStr=2026-02-26, pubDate=1611504000000, pubDateStr=2021-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1772071399800, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1772071399800, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772071399800, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1233720124591633183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2021', volume='43', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='164', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1772071399114, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772071399114, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null}, startPage=55, endPage=60, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1233720128400053230, articleId=1233720127473112039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=Characteristics of abyssal tidal currents east of the Luzon Strait: Cast study from in situ observation, columnId=1194652705852465724, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A submarine mooring system was deployed in the east of the Luzon Strait and the vertical distribution of high frequency (mostly tidal) variations of ocean currents were analyzed in the paper. Several features were revealed that the tidal kinetic energy of the middle (1 550 m) and the deep layers(2 560 m) was one to two orders smaller than that of the subsurface layers (100−160 m) , and slightly smaller than that of the near-bottom layers (4 040 m); the tidal currents were irregular semi-diurnal in the subsurface layers and were irregular diurnal in the middle and deep layers; the tidal kinetic energy was larger in summer (June to September) and winter (February to March) , which mainly caused by enhancement of M2 and K1 tidal components in corresponding periods; the high frequency fluctuations in all layers were mainly in clockwise rotation; the near-inertial frequency in the upper layers (middle and deep layers) were close to (slightly smaller than) the local inertial frequency.

, correspAuthors=Aijun Pan, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2021 Pratacultural Science. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Fangfang Kuang, Aijun Pan, Junpeng Zhang, Jiang Huang, Shangzhan Cai), CN=ArticleExt(id=1233720130048413763, articleId=1233720127473112039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=基于潜标观测的吕宋海峡以东深海潮流特征研究, columnId=1149698756456657529, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本文使用吕宋海峡以东的潜标观测的长达1年的海流数据,重点对该海域海流的高频波动(潮流)的垂向分布及其时间变化特征进行了分析,结果表明:该海域次表层(100~160 m)的潮动能比中层(1 550 m)和深层(2 560 m)大1~2个数量级,近底层(4 040 m)的潮动能略大于中、深层;次表层为不正规半日潮流,中、深层为不正规全日潮流;各层次潮动能均在夏季(6−9月)和冬季(2−3月)增强,与M2分潮和K1分潮在夏季和冬季的增强相对应;各层次海流的高频波动以顺时针旋转为主,次表层海流近惯性周期接近当地理论惯性周期,中、深层略小于当地理论惯性周期。

, correspAuthors=潘爱军, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
潘爱军,男,从事物理海洋学研究。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《海洋学报》编辑部 2021, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=5/0pas265PCv4vysXV1nxg==, magXml=PEJmnmGPLhL5HCToUKFADw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=HAeZ00PQNmmfG0TFDiRCsg==, pdfFileSize=1791298, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=lZ6gVKIyyAdM54d6RXW6iQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=xOHNVzMI5l0fitIbJksCGw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

旷芳芳(1985—),女,湖南省衡阳市人,助理研究员,从事海洋环流数值模拟研究。E-mail:

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旷芳芳(1985—),女,湖南省衡阳市人,助理研究员,从事海洋环流数值模拟研究。E-mail:

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旷芳芳(1985—),女,湖南省衡阳市人,助理研究员,从事海洋环流数值模拟研究。E-mail:

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country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1233728210039526188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233720127473112039, companyId=1233728210022748971, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1自然资源部第三海洋研究所,福建 厦门 361005)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1233728211910185877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233720127473112039, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=Western Pacific), Keyword(id=1233728212061180825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233720127473112039, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=mooring observation), Keyword(id=1233728212140872606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233720127473112039, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=tidal currents), Keyword(id=1233728212220564388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233720127473112039, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=西太平洋), Keyword(id=1233728213638239145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233720127473112039, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=潜标观测), Keyword(id=1233728213764068271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233720127473112039, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=深海潮流)], refs=[Reference(id=1233728219204079669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233720127473112039, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=于克哲. 南海深海潮流分析[J]. 海洋技术学报, 1989(1): 70−73., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1233728219296354362, 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(1997-05-05) [2019-07-26]https://www.fourmilab.ch/earthview/pacalc.html., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1233728218977587246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233720127473112039, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=大洋“十三五”资源环境类项目(DY135-E2-3-03,DY135-E2-2-02,DY135-E2-5-01), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1233728210022748971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233720127473112039, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1233728210031137579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233720127473112039, companyId=1233728210022748971, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1233728210039526188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233720127473112039, companyId=1233728210022748971, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1自然资源部第三海洋研究所,福建 厦门 361005)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1233728214082835391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233720127473112039, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Location of the mooring (a) and water depth around the mooring (b), figureFileSmall=0N5zoXGY+oukkjyr0preDw==, figureFileBig=fEXhiJMbhaND9sJrfmtFIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233728216037381066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233720127473112039, language=CN, label=图1, caption=潜标位置(a)和水深分布(b), figureFileSmall=0N5zoXGY+oukkjyr0preDw==, figureFileBig=fEXhiJMbhaND9sJrfmtFIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233728216205153239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233720127473112039, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Vertical structure of buoyancy frequency calculated from data in WOA2013, figureFileSmall=bxuwNjLGxRAiRffp4og4bg==, figureFileBig=PZk6SRBMI32r8DBJTEZo+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233728216330982369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233720127473112039, language=CN, label=图2, caption=通过WOA2013计算出的浮力频率剖面, figureFileSmall=bxuwNjLGxRAiRffp4og4bg==, figureFileBig=PZk6SRBMI32r8DBJTEZo+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233728216444228584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233720127473112039, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Rotary spectrum analysis of currents at different depth

CW: clockwise spectrum; CCW: counter clockwise spectrum

, figureFileSmall=7YRsOB+Ad8/by9uhd5i7fw==, figureFileBig=5bv1jq58ZFF+uoaMdI61qg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233728216540697582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233720127473112039, language=CN, label=图3, caption=各层次海流旋转谱分析

CW代表顺时针旋转;CCW代表逆时针旋转

, figureFileSmall=7YRsOB+Ad8/by9uhd5i7fw==, figureFileBig=5bv1jq58ZFF+uoaMdI61qg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233728216628777969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233720127473112039, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Tidal ellipse at different levels

Black line: clockwise rotation; red line: counter clockwise rotation

, figureFileSmall=bAKuuaGfLR7cXxnz2r1IIg==, figureFileBig=9YX9+s/gsCq/yFMzFkrJNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233728216733635575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233720127473112039, language=CN, label=图4, caption=各层次各分潮的潮流椭圆

黑色为顺时针旋转,红线为逆时针旋转

, figureFileSmall=bAKuuaGfLR7cXxnz2r1IIg==, figureFileBig=9YX9+s/gsCq/yFMzFkrJNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233728218151310333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233720127473112039, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Tidal kinetic energy and its portion to total kinetic energy at different levels, figureFileSmall=nTwXCdnjuISk4nfaryNQ/w==, figureFileBig=/02x2Naj5mL9T1Dq7oDcLQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233728218264555526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233720127473112039, language=CN, label=图5, caption=各层次潮动能及其占比, figureFileSmall=nTwXCdnjuISk4nfaryNQ/w==, figureFileBig=/02x2Naj5mL9T1Dq7oDcLQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233728218361024520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233720127473112039, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Time series of M2 and K1 constituent major axes at different layers, figureFileSmall=RU2U/5qIDr+9Dmlj6xWWIQ==, figureFileBig=JvBYywMXxpJw/KHfGGDQ4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233728218465882125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233720127473112039, language=CN, label=图6, caption=各层次M2和K1分潮流长轴的时间序列, figureFileSmall=RU2U/5qIDr+9Dmlj6xWWIQ==, figureFileBig=JvBYywMXxpJw/KHfGGDQ4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233728218566545430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233720127473112039, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Time series and wavelet analysis of tidal kinetic energy at different levels

The color filled maps represent wavelet power spectrum and the curves represent global wavelet spectrum

, figureFileSmall=/jJQn7pI80JZYYB2JbO5vQ==, figureFileBig=z5QoESru+dyGCrJqU3OnsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233728218679791647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233720127473112039, language=CN, label=图7, caption=各层次潮动能的时间序列及其小波分析

填色图为小波功率谱,曲线图为全球小波谱

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基于潜标观测的吕宋海峡以东深海潮流特征研究
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旷芳芳 1 , 潘爱军 1, * , 张俊鹏 1 , 黄奖 1 , 蔡尚湛 1
海洋学报 | 论文 2021,43(1): 55-60
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海洋学报 | 论文 2021, 43(1): 55-60
基于潜标观测的吕宋海峡以东深海潮流特征研究
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旷芳芳1 , 潘爱军1, * , 张俊鹏1, 黄奖1, 蔡尚湛1
作者信息
  • 1自然资源部第三海洋研究所,福建 厦门 361005
  • 旷芳芳(1985—),女,湖南省衡阳市人,助理研究员,从事海洋环流数值模拟研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

潘爱军,男,从事物理海洋学研究。E-mail:
Characteristics of abyssal tidal currents east of the Luzon Strait: Cast study from in situ observation
Fangfang Kuang1 , Aijun Pan1, * , Junpeng Zhang1, Jiang Huang1, Shangzhan Cai1
Affiliations
  • 1Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
出版时间: 2021-01-25 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2021031
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本文使用吕宋海峡以东的潜标观测的长达1年的海流数据,重点对该海域海流的高频波动(潮流)的垂向分布及其时间变化特征进行了分析,结果表明:该海域次表层(100~160 m)的潮动能比中层(1 550 m)和深层(2 560 m)大1~2个数量级,近底层(4 040 m)的潮动能略大于中、深层;次表层为不正规半日潮流,中、深层为不正规全日潮流;各层次潮动能均在夏季(6−9月)和冬季(2−3月)增强,与M2分潮和K1分潮在夏季和冬季的增强相对应;各层次海流的高频波动以顺时针旋转为主,次表层海流近惯性周期接近当地理论惯性周期,中、深层略小于当地理论惯性周期。

西太平洋  /  潜标观测  /  深海潮流

A submarine mooring system was deployed in the east of the Luzon Strait and the vertical distribution of high frequency (mostly tidal) variations of ocean currents were analyzed in the paper. Several features were revealed that the tidal kinetic energy of the middle (1 550 m) and the deep layers(2 560 m) was one to two orders smaller than that of the subsurface layers (100−160 m) , and slightly smaller than that of the near-bottom layers (4 040 m); the tidal currents were irregular semi-diurnal in the subsurface layers and were irregular diurnal in the middle and deep layers; the tidal kinetic energy was larger in summer (June to September) and winter (February to March) , which mainly caused by enhancement of M2 and K1 tidal components in corresponding periods; the high frequency fluctuations in all layers were mainly in clockwise rotation; the near-inertial frequency in the upper layers (middle and deep layers) were close to (slightly smaller than) the local inertial frequency.

Western Pacific  /  mooring observation  /  tidal currents
旷芳芳, 潘爱军, 张俊鹏, 黄奖, 蔡尚湛. 基于潜标观测的吕宋海峡以东深海潮流特征研究. 海洋学报, 2021 , 43 (1) : 55 -60 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2021031
Fangfang Kuang, Aijun Pan, Junpeng Zhang, Jiang Huang, Shangzhan Cai. Characteristics of abyssal tidal currents east of the Luzon Strait: Cast study from in situ observation[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2021 , 43 (1) : 55 -60 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2021031
由于深海潜标能提供长时间序列的海流的直接观测资料,对深海海流的研究具有重要作用。于克哲[1]使用磁录海流计在千米潜标系统南海试验期间获取的深海海流资料,对该海域深层海流进行了初步分析,提出了潮流和余流的运动规律;Zhai等[2]使用菲律宾以东的深海潜标数据分析了近底层海流和潮流的季节变化特征;在南海,多名学者通过定点观测海流资料分析了观测海区的正压潮和内潮等特征[3-9]
深层海洋与上层海洋存在着不同的动力环境和机制,近年来深海在全球海洋气候变化中的作用得到越来越多海洋学家的重视,深海对海洋热量的再分配引起了全球变暖的停滞[10],深刻影响着全球的气候变化。菲律宾海位于副热带西太平洋,该海域上层有北赤道流、副热带逆流等多种流系交汇,还是黑潮的源地,在西太平洋海气相互作用以及气候变化等的研究中具有重要作用;针对该海域表层和次表层已经有非常多的研究成果,但对深海的综合环境信息仍知之甚少。为了解吕宋海峡东侧深层海水的流动特征及其对深海生态的影响,我们在该海域布放了1套深海潜标进行长期观测,获得了长达1年的连续观测资料。以下将对潜标观测数据进行分析,重点讨论该海域潮流的垂向分布以及时间变化特征。
潜标位于西太平洋吕宋海峡以东约500 km的菲律宾海(图1a),位置为19.75°N,126.75°E。全球地形数据GEBCO显示,潜标所在位置水深约5 300 m,周边50 km的范围内水深为4 800~5 810 m(图1b),局地地形西北−东南走向。在潜标上层水深160 m配置了1个ADCP海流剖面仪向上观测,层间距为4 m,有效观测深度为60~160 m,本文中选取100 m和160 m两个层次代表次表层;在810 m、1 550 m、2 560 m和4 040 m挂载了单点海流计观测深海和近底层的海流。海流的观测时间为2015年6月至2016年6月,时间频率为1 h−1。另外,使用WOA2013提供的季节平均的温盐数据计算观测点的浮力频率(图2),其计算公式为
$ {{N}}^{2}=-\frac{g}{\rm{\rho }}\times \frac{{\rm{d}}{\rm{\rho }}}{{{{\rm{d}}z}}}, $
式中,${{N}}$为重力加速度;$ {\rm{\rho }} $为根据水温和盐度数据计算的位势密度。
可看到在300 m以浅冬季的层结相对较弱,跃层位于50~200 m的深度,300 m以深季节变化不明显。
使用T_tide程序[11]对逐时的观测海流数据进行潮流的调和分析,计算主要分潮的潮流椭圆要素,包括长轴、短轴、倾角、相位和椭圆率。其中,长轴代表分潮的最大流速;短轴代表分潮的最小流速,当短轴为正值时表示逆时针旋转,短轴为负值时表示顺时针旋转;倾角代表最大流速与东方向的夹角;椭圆率为短轴和长轴的比值。
潮动能($ Ke_{\rm{tide}} $)的计算公式为
$ Ke_{\rm{tide}}={\rm{mean}}\frac{1}{2}({u_{\rm{tide}}}^{2}+{v_{\rm{tide}}}^{2}), $
$ Ke_{\rm{all}}={\rm{mean}}\frac{1}{2}(u^{2}+v^{2}),$
式中,$ u $为观测的纬向流速和经向流速;$ u_{\rm{tide}} $为经T_tide程序提取的潮流流速。
通过计算潮流的形态数来判断潮流的性质,其计算公式为
$ {{a}}=({{W}}_{{\rm{K}}_{1}}+{{W}}_{{\rm{O}}_{1}})/{{W}}_{{\rm{M}}_{2}}, $
式中,$ a $$W_{{\rm{O}}_{1}}$分别为K1、O1和M2分潮流的平均最大流速(即为潮流椭圆的长轴)。若$a\leqslant 0.5$,为不正规半日潮流;若$2 < a\leqslant 4.0$,为正规全日潮流。
图3是各层次海流在高频段(3 d以内)的旋转谱分析结果。如图所示,各层次海流的高频波动以顺时针(CW)旋转为主,谱密度峰值分别对应S2(12 h)、M2(12.4 h)、K1(23.9 h)、O1(25.8 h)4个分潮的潮周期,其中M2和K1分潮相对S2和O1分潮更为显著。另外各层次海流还表现出31.8~35.4 h的近惯性周期,经计算本地理论惯性周期为35.5 h,可以看到上层(100 m和160 m)的近惯性周期与理论惯性周期非常接近,而中层和深层(810~4 040 m)为32 h左右,略小于理论惯性周期。Zhai等[2]对西太平洋潜标(8°N)的分析中发现该海域近底层海流的惯性振荡周期略大于理论惯性周期,与本文的分析结果有所不同。其原因还有待进一步研究。
使用全年的海流观测资料用T_tide程序计算各层次4个主要分潮(M2、S2、K1和O1)的潮流椭圆要素,计算后的结果见图4。可见除1 550 m处的O1分潮呈逆时针旋转外,其他层次的4个分潮都为顺时针旋转。在次表层,160 m层各分潮的潮流椭圆与100 m层相似,但流速相对较小;4个主要分潮中,M2分潮最大(100 m和160 m的最大流速分别为8.58 cm/s和7.14 cm/s)、K1分潮次之(100 m和160 m的最大流速分别为6.01 cm/s和5.51 cm/s)、S2分潮最小;各分潮的倾角为148°~174°,即各分潮的最大流速方向均为西北−东南向;椭圆率为−0.75~−0.5,表现出旋转流的特征。在中层(810 m),4个主要分潮中,K1分潮最大(最大流速为2.86 cm/s)、M2次之(1.85 cm/s)、S2分潮最小,K1和S2分潮的最大流速方向为东北−西南向,M2和O1为西北−东南向。在深层(1 550~4 040 m),K1分潮的最大流速最大,M2次之,S2分潮最小;1 550 m层K1和S2分潮的最大流速方向为东北−西南向,M2为东−西向,O1为西北−东南向;在2 560 m和4 040 m层,K1分潮的最大流速为西北−东南向,M2为东北−西南向,O1为南−北向,S2为东-西向。
图5为各层次的潮动能、总动能以及潮动能占总动能之比。由图可见次表层(100~160 m)的潮动能比中层(810 m)和深层(1 550~4 040 m)大1~2个数量级,在810~2 560 m潮动能随深度减小,近底层(4 040 m层)的潮动能大于深层(1 550 m和2 560 m)。次表层(100 m、160 m)和近底层(4 040 m)的潮动能占总动能的20%以上,在中层和深层(810~2 560 m)的潮动能占总动能的10%左右。
另外,通过计算各层次潮流的形态数,可判断次表层(100~160 m)为不正规半日潮流,中层和深层(810~4 040 m)为不正规全日潮流。
为了探讨潮流的季节变化,在每个时间点使用30 d的数据(前后各15 d)用T_tide程序进行潮流的调和分析,获得了主要分潮M2和K1的长轴的时间序列(图6),以及计算了潮动能的时间序列及其小波谱(图7)。
图6可见,次表层M2分潮的变化范围较大,最大流速在100 m层可接近20 cm/s,在160 m层可接近13 cm/s,在冬季(2–4月)和夏季(8–9月)增强,冬季增强尤为明显(图6a);次表层K1分潮在秋季(9–10月)明显减弱,可由最大时的10 cm/s减弱到3 cm/s(图6b);在中层的810 m,M2分潮均在夏季(7–8月)和冬季(2–4月)增强(图6a),K1分潮也在夏季(8–9月)和冬季(1–3月)增强(图6b);深层(1 550~4 040 m)各分潮的变化范围相对较小,1 550 m处M2分潮在夏季(7–8月)和冬季(2–3月)有所增强,K1分潮在秋季(10–12月)有所减弱;2 560 m处K1和M2分潮的变化范围均很小;4 040 m处K1分潮在夏季(7–8月)略有增强。对于M2分潮的时间变化,可能与月球绕地的椭圆形轨道引起的地月距离的变化有关;经查询,观测时段(2015年6月至2016年5月)月球的近地点时间为2015年的8–10月和2016年的4–5月[12],文中M2分潮动能在夏季的增强可以用该时段地月距离的变短来解释,但2016年2–3月M2分潮动能的增强应该是其他的原因导致。
图7表明各层次潮动能表现出较显著的季节变化特征。从图中可以看到,各层次潮动能均在2–3月份增强,在其他时间的变化则不太一致。在次表层和中层,潮动能在夏季(8–9月)和冬季(2–3月)显著增强,可达到年均值的2倍以上(图7a图7b),这主要与M2分潮和K1分潮在夏季和冬季的增强相对应;在深层,潮动能均在夏季(6–8月)和冬季(2–3月)增强,除此之外,在2 560 m处潮动能在1月出现另一个峰值,而在4 040 m处潮动能在11月也出现峰值。小波分析结果显示,次表层的潮动能全年表现出了近100 d的振荡周期;中层的潮动能表现出87 d左右的振荡周期,在夏半年明显;深层和近底层则为47 d和114 d左右的振荡周期。从季节平均的浮力频率剖面来看(图2),在300 m以浅的上层,冬季跃层较深且较弱,其他季节跃层较浅且相对较强,而在深层季节变化不明显,潮动能的季节变化特征似乎与跃层的变化并不完全一致,其背后的机制还有待将来的进一步分析。
另外值得注意的是,在做潮流调和分析时由于所使用的海流时间序列的长短不同,所计算的结果也有所不同。使用30 d的数据比使用全年的数据计算的分潮的潮流椭圆相对较大、潮动能也相对较强。上节使用全年的数据来分析分潮及潮动能的整体特征,而这节则重点关注其时间变化。
通过分析一套深海潜标观测海流的高频变化特征,本文得到以下结论:
(1)各层次海流的高频波动以顺时针旋转为主,次表层海流的近惯性周期与当地理论惯性周期非常接近,而中层和深层(810~4 040 m)略小于当地理论惯性周期。
(2)次表层(100~160 m)的潮动能比中层(810 m)和深层(1 550~4 040 m)大1~2个数量级,在810~2 560 m潮动能随深度减小,4 040 m层的潮动能大于1 550 m和2 560 m层。表层(100~160 m)为不正规半日潮流,中层和深层(810~4 040 m)为不正规全日潮流。
(3)各层次潮动能均在夏季(6–9月)和冬季(2–3月)增强,这主要与M2分潮和K1分潮在夏季和冬季的增强相对应;除此之外,在2 560 m处潮动能在1月增强,而在4 040 m处潮动能在11月也出现峰值。小波分析结果显示,次表层的潮动能全年表现出了近100 d的振荡周期;中层的潮动能表现出87 d左右的振荡周期,在夏半年明显;深层和近底层则为47 d和114 d左右。
以上研究表明,深海潮流在不同的深度层次具有不同特征,这些特征背后的动力机制如何,还需要在将来通过更多的深海观测以及数值模拟进一步地研究。
  • 大洋“十三五”资源环境类项目(DY135-E2-3-03,DY135-E2-2-02,DY135-E2-5-01)
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2021年第43卷第1期
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doi: 10.12284/hyxb2021031
  • 接收时间:2019-07-26
  • 首发时间:2026-02-26
  • 出版时间:2021-01-25
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  • 收稿日期:2019-07-26
  • 修回日期:2019-09-24
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大洋“十三五”资源环境类项目(DY135-E2-3-03,DY135-E2-2-02,DY135-E2-5-01)
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    1自然资源部第三海洋研究所,福建 厦门 361005

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潘爱军,男,从事物理海洋学研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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